Competencies necessary for a psychologist working in the education system. Competencies developed by psychologists in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Professional Education

Course work

Competencies of educational psychologists according to the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education of the third generation

Introduction

1. Description of the competence of OK-4

2. Description of the competence of OPK-2

3. Description of the competence of OPK-11

4. Description of the competence of SKPP-8

5. Description of the competence of PKSPP-6

6. Description of the competence of PKD-1

7. Description of the competence of PKNO-4

8. Experience of teachers in applying competencies in work

Conclusion

Bibliography

professional bachelor education teacher

Introduction

The concepts of “competency-based approach” and “key competencies” have become widespread relatively recently in connection with discussions about the problems and ways of modernizing Russian education. Appeal to these concepts is associated with the desire to determine the necessary changes in education, including in higher education, caused by changes occurring in society.

The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the field of training 050400 "Psychological and Pedagogical Education" qualification "Bachelor" consists of 7 points:

Application area

Abbreviations used

Characteristics of the direction of training

Characteristics of professional activities of bachelors

Requirements for the results of mastering basic undergraduate educational programs.

Requirements for the structure of basic undergraduate educational programs.

Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic undergraduate educational programs.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the specific competencies of the educational standard in the direction of "Psychological and pedagogical education" qualification "bachelor".

Object - Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the field of training 050400 "Psychological and Pedagogical Education" qualification "Bachelor".

Subject - specific analyzed competencies of the standard: OK-4, OPK-2, OPK-11, PKPP-8, PKSPP-6, PKD-1, PKNO-4.

Reveal the essence of each analyzed competency.

Describe the significance of a specific competency in obtaining education in the profile "Educational Psychologist".

According to the bachelor's training plan, consider which academic disciplines can be used to develop a specific competency, and how many total hours are devoted to studying this discipline.

Reveal the structure of each competency under consideration.

Present the planned levels of competence development - at a threshold level and at an advanced level.

The course work consists of an introduction, seven chapters, each of which is devoted to a specific competency, a conclusion and a list of references.

1. Description of the competence of OK-4

The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the field of training 050400 “Psychological and Pedagogical Education” qualification “Bachelor” stipulates that the graduate must have certain general cultural competencies (GC).

In general, general cultural competencies mean a person’s ability to navigate the space of culture; it includes a knowledge component: an idea of the scientific picture of the world, knowledge of basic scientific achievements, an idea of artistic values.

General cultural competence OK-4 provides that the graduate is ready to use the basic principles and methods of the social, humanities and economic sciences in solving social and professional problems.

By the competence of OK-2 “ready to use the basic principles and methods of the social, humanities and economic sciences in solving social and professional problems” we mean the ability to carry out professional activities aimed at transferring the culture and experience accumulated by humanity, creating conditions for acquiring a repertoire of personal, social and professionals of competencies that ensure individualization, socialization and professionalization of the individual in the world of people and professions.

This competence is mandatory according to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education "Psychological and Pedagogical Education". Its significance is determined by: the need to prepare graduates to solve professional problems and typical social and professional tasks that arise in real situations of professional activity.

Competence structure “ready to use the basic principles and methods of social, humanities and economic sciences in solving social and professional problems”:

Bachelor knows

The range of social and professional tasks of a teacher-psychologist, the structure of a professional task, the algorithm for solving a social and professional problem, the stages of constructing and solving a social and professional problem, criteria for assessing the process of constructing and solving a social and professional problem.

Integrate knowledge of the humanities, social and economic sciences, structure a problem situation, use an algorithm for solving a social and professional problem for a teacher-psychologist.

Personal experience in integrating knowledge of the humanities, social and economic sciences, skills in solving the social and professional problems of a teacher-psychologist, skills in reflecting on the success of solving a pedagogical situation.

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - knows the range of social and professional tasks of a teacher-psychologist and their structure; - owns an algorithm for solving social and professional problems; - understands the stages of designing and solving a social and professional problem, criteria for evaluating the design process; - able to solve social and professional problems. Advanced level - able to integrate knowledge of the humanities, social and economic sciences in solving social and professional problems; - can successfully solve social and professional problems of a specific educational level and a specific educational institution, in the relevant subject area; - knows how to analyze their activities when solving social and professional problems.

Competence OK-4, according to the curriculum of bachelors of educational psychologists, is formed in the process of studying the disciplines of the cycle B.1, B.2 and B.3, namely such disciplines as:

history (total 108 hours);

philosophy (total 108 hours);

Russian language and speech culture (total 108 hours);

economics (total 108 hours);

conflictology (72 hours in total);

modern information technologies (total 72 hours);

anatomy and age-related physiology (72 hours in total);

basics of pediatrics and hygiene (total 108 hours);

workshop on modern information technologies (total 72 hours);

theory of training and education (total 108 hours);

history of pedagogy and education (total 72 hours);

multicultural education (total 72 hours);

Introduction to psychological and pedagogical activities (total 108 hours);

history of psychology (total 108 hours);

organization of children's recreation (72 hours in total);

psychological and pedagogical support of developmental educational programs (total 108 hours).

Thus, the OK-4 competence is formed by bachelors of educational psychologists throughout their entire study time while studying the 22 above-mentioned disciplines.

In conclusion of the consideration of general cultural competence OK-4, we note that it is general cultural competence that determines a person’s active life, his ability to navigate in various spheres of social and professional life, and harmonizes the inner world and relationships with society.

Description of the competence of OPK-2

Professional competence is the ability of an employee to perform work in accordance with the requirements of the position, and the requirements of the position are the tasks and standards for their implementation accepted in the organization or industry.

General professional competence is aimed at forming the foundations of professional excellence, while the subjectivity of professional thinking is laid, here the individual is introduced to the spiritual and value context of the profession, she develops an orientation towards the profession, clear motivational needs in obtaining it.

The general professional competence of GPC-2 provides that the graduate is ready to apply qualitative and quantitative methods in psychological and pedagogical research. This competency refers to the ability of students to apply theoretical and experimental research methods to achieve and construct scientific knowledge. This competence is mandatory according to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education "Psychological and Pedagogical Education". Its significance is determined by the following circumstances:

the requirement to develop among university graduates the ability to work with large flows of information, to apply methods of mathematical processing of information when conducting experimental research.

OPK-2 competence structure:

Bachelor knows

Basic methods of mathematical information processing;

methods of empirical and theoretical research;

Able to interpret information presented in the form of diagrams, charts, graphs, graphs, formulas, tables;

Use empirical and theoretical research methods; methods for processing experimental data;

Methods of mathematical information processing;

Skills in using empirical and theoretical research methods in research and professional activities.

Planned levels of development of OPK-2 competence:

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - knows methods of mathematical processing of information; - is able to reveal the essence of methods of mathematical information processing; - knows how to interpret information presented in the form of diagrams, diagrams, graphs, graphs, tables - knows methods of theoretical and experimental research; - knows methods of processing experimental dataAdvanced level - can justify the use of this method of mathematical processing of information in a specific situation; - knows how to determine the type of mathematical model for solving practical problems, including those from the sphere of professional problems; - knows the method of mathematical modeling - knows the main stages of theoretical and experimental research methods; - can justify the use of this method of scientific research in a specific situation, including in professional activities; - has experience in using scientific research methods in professional activities

This competence is formed in the process of studying the disciplines of cycle B3:

course work on PC (total 108 hours);

developmental psychology (total 108 hours);

psychology of children of primary school age (72 hours in total);

psychology of adolescence (total 72 hours);

educational psychology (total 108 hours);

introduction to psychological and pedagogical activities (total 108 hours);

logopsychology with the basics of speech therapy (total 72 hours);

psychological and pedagogical diagnostics (total 108 hours);

age-related psychological counseling (total 108 hours);

psychological service in education (total 108 hours);

psychological and pedagogical diagnostic technologies and staffing of correctional educational institutions (72 hours in total);

psychological and pedagogical support for persons with developmental disorders at an early age (72 hours in total);

Thus, the competence of OPK-2 is formed in bachelor-educational psychologists throughout the entire study period while studying the 17 above-mentioned disciplines.

Description of the competence of OPK-11

The competence of GPC-11 is understood as the graduate’s readiness to apply in professional activities the main international and domestic documents on the rights of the child and the rights of people with disabilities.

By this competence we mean the formation of legal knowledge in students, for their further application, both in professional activities and in everyday life / readiness to make choices and forms of behavior and actions that comply with the law in typical life situations regulated by law; ways to realize rights and freedoms, as well as protect violated rights; make decisions and take actions in strict accordance with the law; apply legal norms regulating public relations in the field of relations between the state and the individual, property and personal non-property ties, labor activity, criminal legal protection of the individual, etc.; to perform civic duties; critical ability to evaluate events and phenomena of social life and the position of law and law; be responsible for the results of their actions and the quality of completed tasks.

This competence is mandatory according to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education "Psychological and Pedagogical Education". Its significance is determined by the need to train graduates with the skills to correctly interpret laws and other regulatory international and domestic legal acts; legally correct qualification of facts and circumstances; orientation in special legal literature; a clear understanding of the essence, nature and interaction of legal phenomena.

Competence structure “ready to apply in professional activities the main international and domestic documents on the rights of the child and the rights of persons with disabilities”:

Bachelor knows

Legal norms regulating public relations in the field of relations between the state and the individual, property and personal non-property ties, labor activity, criminal legal protection of the individual, etc.;

correctly interpret international and domestic laws and other regulatory legal acts;

The mechanism for applying normative legal documents in its activities to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen of the Russian Federation.

Planned levels of development of OPK-11 competence among university graduates:

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - know the basic concepts of state and law, determine their role in the life of society; - know the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; - know the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the Russian Federation; - know the mechanisms for protecting human rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation; - have an idea of the relationship between state and law, their role in the life of modern society; - demonstrates attention and respect for other people; - determine methods and means of activity, modes of behavior based on one’s own knowledge and ideas; - apply the acquired knowledge when working with specific regulations; - search for the necessary information to replenish legal knowledge; - master the methods and means of communication in a team, social adaptation; - apply theoretical foundations within the scope of the course being studied; - express your own opinion; Advanced level - know the subject and method of the main branches of international and Russian law; - have an idea of the legal force of various sources of law and the mechanism of their action; - concepts of the rule of law and normative legal acts; - have an idea of the main branches of Russian law; - have an idea of the content of fundamental human rights and freedoms; - interpret and use legal information; - be able to use sources of law - analyze the texts of legislative acts, rules of law from the point of view of specific conditions for their implementation; - present and argue your own opinions about current events and phenomena from the point of view of law; - carry out educational research and projects on legal topics; - resolve conflicts legally; - participate in the use and preparation of draft legal acts related to future activities; - apply practical skills and techniques necessary to participate in professional activities.

psychology of preschool age (72 hours in total);

educational programs for preschool children (72 hours in total);

psychology of children of primary school age (72 hours in total);

educational programs of primary school (total 72 hours);

psychology of adolescence (total 72 hours);

qualitative and quantitative methods of psychological and pedagogical research (total 108 hours);

psychological and pedagogical interaction of participants in the educational process (72 hours in total);

professional ethics in psychological and pedagogical activities (total 72 hours);

psychology of children with sensory impairments (total 144 hours);

psychology of development of children with disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere and behavior (total 108 hours);

psychological and pedagogical correction (72 hours in total);

educational and industrial practice.

Thus, the competence of OPK-11 is formed among bachelors of educational psychologists throughout the entire study period while studying the 12 above-mentioned disciplines.

Description of the competence of PKPP-8

The federal educational standard stipulates that a graduate must have professional competencies in activities related to psychological and pedagogical support of preschool, general, additional and vocational education (PCPP).

By this competence we mean awareness of the importance of the psychological profession / the ability to carry out self-knowledge and self-education in personal and professional growth / ready to promote the importance of the psychological profession.

the need to develop an understanding of the social significance of the work of a psychologist;

value foundations of professional activity.

Competence structure of SKPP-8:

Bachelor knows

the importance of psychological and pedagogical education and scientific research conducted in the field of educational psychology;

knows theories of motivation;

carry out professional self-education and personal growth, designing a further educational route and professional career;

create and implement a model of professional activity;

Ways to promote the importance of professional activity.

Planned levels of competence development among university graduates:

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - knows the importance of psychological and pedagogical education; - knows the value foundations of professional activity in the field of educational psychology; - understands the need to participate in social and professional discussions; - knows the psychological and pedagogical foundations of motivation for professional activity. Increased level - is able to carry out self-knowledge and self-education in personal and professional growth; - knows how to systematically analyze and select psychological and educational concepts; - can solve various problems during the educational process; - is able to master various methods of promoting the importance of the psychological and pedagogical profession for society; - owns technologies for designing and modeling professional activities.

This competence is formed in the process of studying the disciplines of cycle B.3:

self-determination and professional guidance of students (total 72 hours).

Thus, the competence of PKPP-8 is formed by bachelors of educational psychologists while studying one discipline.

5. Description of the competence of PKSPP-6

The federal educational standard stipulates that a graduate must have professional competencies in the field of psychological and pedagogical support for children with disabilities in correctional and inclusive education (PCSE).

The competence of PKSPP-6 is defined as “able to effectively interact with teachers of a correctional educational institution and other specialists on student development in communicative, gaming and educational activities.”

By this competency we understand building interpersonal relationships, correlating personal and group values/interests, working in a team, performing certain roles and responsibility for the overall result.

This competence is mandatory according to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education "Psychological and Pedagogical Education". Its significance is determined by the need to prepare graduates who have the skills to work in a team (help, support, approval of each other’s efforts); possessing the necessary social skills (leadership, communication, conflict management); able to bear individual responsibility for working in a team.

Competence structure of PKSPP-6:

Bachelor knows

Basics of organizing work in a team (team work);

Establish and maintain constructive relationships with colleagues, correlate personal and group interests, show tolerance for other views and points of view;

Experience working in a team (in a team), controlling skills (evaluating teamwork, clarifying further actions, etc.).

Planned levels of competence development among university graduates

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - knows the basics of organizing work in a team (team work); - knows the basics of conflict theory; - has experience working in a team; - understands the need for joint activities in interaction with others; - demonstrates attention and respect for other people. Increased level - able to organize the work of a team (team); - knows how to identify causes and take measures to resolve conflicts; - may be responsible for the results of joint work; - is able to make a tangible contribution to the work of the team, even if his personal interests are not taken into account

This competence, according to the curriculum of bachelors of educational psychologists, is formed in the process of studying the disciplines of cycle B.3, namely such disciplines as:

pathopsychology (total 108 hours).

Thus, the competence of PKSPP-6 is formed by bachelors of educational psychologists while studying one discipline.

6. Description of the competence of PKD-1

The federal educational standard stipulates that a graduate must have professional competencies in educational activities in preschool education (PKD).

The competence of PKD-1 is defined as “able to organize playful and productive activities for preschool children.”

By this competence we mean a university graduate’s mastery of technologies and methods for solving pedagogical problems in the training, education and personal development of preschool children, taking into account the specifics of the field of subject knowledge and the type of educational institution.

PKD-1 competency structure:

Bachelor knows

The essence of modern methods and technologies;

criteria for assessing the quality of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution;

features of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution;

analyze information from the perspective of the problem being studied;

Technologies for ensuring the quality of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution.

Planned levels of competence development among university graduates

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - knows the theoretical and methodological foundations of training and education; - knows the essence of modern methods and technologies; - knows how to analyze information from the perspective of the problem being studied. Advanced level - knows the criteria for assessing the quality of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution; features of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution; - knows how to use modern methods and technologies at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution; - owns technologies for ensuring the quality of the educational process at a specific educational level of a specific educational institution

This competency is not prescribed in the curriculum of bachelors of educational psychologists, but we assume that it can be formed when studying disciplines of cycle B.3, namely in such disciplines as

Psychology of preschool age (total 72 hours);

educational programs for preschool children (72 hours in total).

Thus, the competence of PKD-1 can be developed by bachelors of educational psychologists while studying two disciplines.

7. Description of the competence of PKNO-4

The federal educational standard stipulates that a graduate must have professional competencies in educational activities at the initial stage of general education (PKNO).

The competence of PKNO-4 is defined as “ready to create conditions that facilitate children’s adaptation to the educational process at the initial stage of schooling.”

By the competence of PKNO-4 we understand the ability to create conditions that will facilitate the adaptation of children of primary school age when starting school.

facilitating the process of adaptation of schoolchildren to learning in primary school;

forecasting further developments in the education and upbringing of schoolchildren.

Competence structure of PKNO-4:

Bachelor knows

The theory of training and education, the theory of diagnosing the achievements of students and pupils;

Check and evaluate the level of training and education of schoolchildren;

predict further developments in the education and upbringing of children;

Skills of checking, assessing the level of training and education of schoolchildren;

Planned levels of competence development of PKNO-4:

Levels of competence development Main features of the level Threshold level - has an idea of the theory of training and education, of diagnosing the achievements of students and pupils; - knows how to select methods for checking and assessing the level of training and education of schoolchildren, statistically process and analyze data; - is able to envision ways to solve a child’s individual life problems. Advanced level - knows the theory of teaching and upbringing, the theory of diagnosing the achievements of students and pupils; - knows how to apply appropriate methods to check and assess the level of training and education of schoolchildren, statistically process and analyze data; identify dynamics and trends, predict further developments in the education and upbringing of children; - is able to outline and implement effective ways to solve the child’s individual life problems.

This competence is not prescribed in the curriculum of bachelors of educational psychologists, but we assume that it can be formed in the process of studying the disciplines of cycle B.3, namely such disciplines as:

developmental psychology (total 108 hours);

Psychology of children of primary school age (total 72 hours);

educational programs of primary school (total 72 hours).

Thus, the competence of PKNO-4 is formed by bachelors of educational psychologists when studying the three above-mentioned disciplines.

8. Experience of teachers in applying competencies in work

In this chapter, we will consider how teachers apply the competencies analyzed in this course work in their professional activities.

Competence OK-4: ready to use the basic principles and methods of the social, humanities and economic sciences when solving social and professional problems.

We believe that in his professional activities, every educational psychologist uses the basic principles and methods of the social, humanities and economic sciences when solving social and professional problems.

For example, the article “On a trip around the world: plot training for fifth-graders” in the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 4, 2009 talks about the content and methods of conducting a special psychological training “On a trip around the world,” which is carried out with all fifth-graders of the school to adapt to the transition children from primary to secondary school.

When conducting training, the psychologist uses knowledge from the humanities, in particular from psychology, geography, sociology and pedagogy.

OPK-2 competence: ready to apply qualitative and quantitative methods in psychological and pedagogical research.

This competency is well discussed in the article “Poster for diagnosis” from the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 7, 2009. In the article, the author Yu. Pavlyuk shares his experience in creating a special diagnostic package for diagnosing psychological problems of schoolchildren: anxiety, aggressiveness, problems in the sphere of communication, etc. At the same time, when talking about each diagnosis, the author dwells in detail on the qualitative and quantitative methods used in a specific diagnostic technique.

Competence of GPC-11: ready to apply in professional activities the main international and domestic documents on the rights of the child and the rights of people with disabilities.

Work experience in the application of this competence is described in the article “Family conflicts and ways to resolve them” in the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 10, 2008. The article examines family relationships and family conflicts: “Examples of relationships in the family for many students in a auxiliary school turn out to be negative ", therefore, it is necessary, without infringing on the feelings of children, to show them the possibility of the existence of other relationships. This may attract their attention to moral ways of building their relationships in their own future family." The author of the article, when analyzing family conflicts, dwells separately on legal acts from the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which can be applied in practice when resolving family conflicts.

Competence of PKPP-8: capable of forming the psychological readiness of a future specialist for professional activities.

We read about this competence in the article “Students at School” in the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 24, 2008, where the author talks about how it is necessary to competently formulate the readiness of future specialists for professional activities: “You can find an approach to any student. At our first school meeting, we tell students what kind of work we will give them the opportunity to try themselves in. This could be:

preparation, conduct and processing of diagnostic results;

preparation of visual materials for individual correctional classes and for psychology classes (they are held with us in elementary, middle and high schools);

individual lessons with the child (prevention of school failure);

conducting research (for a student - an essay or coursework, for a school - an understanding of the processes occurring in a particular group);

holding large educational and play events, such as “Geographical Journey”, “Farewell to the ABC”, “Robinsonade”, etc., in which children, parents and teachers participate.

We listen to students' suggestions and find the best solution for everyone. The main thing for us psychologists is the motivation of students, then their heads work well, they have a lot of enthusiasm, and the work is done faster and with better quality.”

Competence of PKSPP-6: able to effectively interact with teachers of a correctional educational institution and other specialists on issues of student development in communicative, gaming and educational activities.

The experience of psychologists using this competency is discussed in the article “Is it easy to be a young... specialist” in the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 19, 2005. The author A. Shadura talks about how “many graduates want to work in consulting institutions, shying away from "field" activities at the forefront of education. But, of course, it is not easy to get straight into such an institution, since they need experienced people, and university graduates cannot yet be classified in this category. And if you suddenly have such an opportunity , do not rush to take advantage of it: the fate of young people in the center is often "dirty" work. Prepare for the fact that you will be sent with papers to the department, to schools for meetings, you will sit at the reception desk, replacing a sick registrar, etc. "

According to the author of the article A. Shadur, you still need to start your career in the “field”, where you have the opportunity to independently build your professional path, focusing on the microenvironment in which you find yourself. And there is no need to be afraid of the apparent futility of your efforts. Firstly, although not all good grains germinate, and secondly, remember that the task of a novice specialist is to accumulate experience. After college, practical vocational training is just beginning, and this is universal for any sphere of human activity.

Then the author talks in more detail about how an aspiring educational psychologist needs to properly interact with teachers of a correctional educational institution and other specialists on various issues of student development.

Competence of PKD-1: able to organize playful and productive activities for preschool children.

In the article “Development of Attention in Preschool Children” on the website of the journal “Psychology: Mental Processes, Personal Development,” the author describes his many years of experience in developing attention in preschoolers by involving them in play activities, and presents methods and various options for games for preschoolers.

Competence of PKNO-4: ready to create conditions that facilitate children’s adaptation to the educational process at the initial stage of schooling.

This competence is written about in the article “Become a Flower” in the magazine “School Psychologist” No. 22, 2006, in which the author Irina Tuzovskaya, an educational psychologist from the Kemerovo region, gives various options for games that facilitate the adaptation of children of primary school age to learning in school, for example, games such as: “Flower”, “Two Drawings”, “City”, etc.

Conclusion

The course work examined in detail seven competencies that are mandatory for students to develop in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education of the third generation. Those academic disciplines in which these competencies can be developed throughout the entire period of study for a bachelor’s degree in educational psychology were also spelled out.

The new philosophy of higher professional education is distinguished by its focus on ensuring high quality of specialist training and developing his competence. In modern world educational practice, the concept of competence acts as a central, “nodal” concept, since competence, firstly, combines the intellectual and skill components of education; secondly, the concept of “competence” contains the ideology of interpreting the content of education, formed “from the result” (“output standard”); thirdly, competence has an integrative nature, incorporating a number of homogeneous skills and knowledge related to broad areas of culture and activity (professional, informational, legal, etc.

The substantive vectors of this approach emphasize the practice-oriented orientation of higher education educational programs. Competence is actionable. In addition to the system of theoretical and applied knowledge, it includes cognitive and operational-technological components. In other words, competence is a body (system) of knowledge in action. The acquisition, transformation and use of knowledge are active processes, therefore the structure of competence also includes emotional-volitional and motivational components. Consequently, an indispensable and obligatory condition for the student to acquire competence as a result of professional education requires his active (subjective) position in the educational process.

The purpose of the course work - to analyze the specific competencies of the educational standard in the direction of "Psychological and Pedagogical Education" qualification "Bachelor" - was achieved.

The tasks set in the work have been completed.

Bibliography

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4.2. Professional competence
educational psychologist

Competence (or competency) literally translated from Latin means “relating, corresponding.” Usually this term refers to the terms of reference of a person or institution (TSB, vol. 22, p. 292). The principle of professional competence is one of the main ethical principles of the work of an educational psychologist (Section 4.3 of this chapter will be devoted to a detailed analysis of professional psychological ethics). It is understood that the specialist is aware of the degree of his competence and the limited means of studying the student and influencing him. He does not interfere in those areas in which he has insufficient knowledge, leaving this to more qualified specialists. For example, no teacher would think of performing an operation if a child has an attack of appendicitis, but for some reason some teachers consider themselves entitled to diagnose a student’s abilities and level of mental development without taking any measurements. Thus, they act unprofessionally and violate the boundaries of their competence. The result of such unprofessional judgments can be a student’s doubt about the teacher’s professional qualities (in the best case) or his lack of confidence in his own abilities, a decrease in self-esteem (in more serious cases).

How can the professional competence of a teacher-psychologist be demonstrated?

1. An educational psychologist has the right to use only tests that correspond to the level of his qualifications. If the technique requires a higher level of qualification, then it is necessary to replace the test with one that is easier to process or undergo special training. The instructions for some methods (mostly Western) indicate the requirements for the user: A - the method has no restrictions for use, B - the method can only be used by specialists with higher psychological education, C - the method can be

applied by psychologists subject to additional training.

To conduct, process and interpret the results of some techniques (for example, projective ones), even a higher psychological education is not enough. To correctly administer most personality and intelligence tests, one or two practice tests during college are not enough. Long-term (at least several weeks or months) training in their interpretation and careful adherence to the conditions are required.

In the process of training under the guidance of a person who has been skillfully using the methodology for several years, one can learn to avoid subjectivity in assessment, relate the results obtained to the theoretical concepts adhered to by the developer, and interpret the results as objectively as possible. In addition, training will provide the opportunity to extract as much information as possible from the results of the technique.

2. Exactly the same requirement applies to consulting work. An educational psychologist does not have the right to use advisory approaches and techniques if he or she is not sufficiently skilled in them. There are several theoretical approaches to consultation. Achieving results depends on how professionally the psychologist applies the theory and techniques developed on its basis in his work.

When studying at a university, students receive knowledge sufficient to independently carry out all types of activities of a teacher-psychologist: diagnostics, training, individual and group counseling, including mastering methods based on various theories, but the knowledge gained is predominantly theoretical in nature. It takes time to adapt existing knowledge to the practice of working in a specific school, with specific groups of students. A novice psychologist usually spends two to three years on such adaptation. Only after this can we talk about primary professional experience. This process can be accelerated, for example, by constantly working with a mentor, observing the work of more experienced colleagues, or regularly engaging in reflection.

They say that the advisory work of an educational psychologist is never based on one theoretical approach. Indeed, in counseling, most psychologists are eclectic. But even with an eclectic approach, a professionally competent specialist will differ significantly from an incompetent one. The first will select the most effective methods for working on a specific case, i.e. those that give the most reliable result at a minimum cost. The second one will choose to work what he knows best or what he remembered first.

3. Competence will also be demonstrated if the educational psychologist refuses to conduct research or consultation in an area of psychology that has not been sufficiently studied by him. Psychology is very vast; it is impossible to know all branches of it equally well. Just as in education, it is rare that a teacher can teach physics and literature equally well. It's the same in psychology. A person specializing, for example, in the field of career guidance, may have little understanding of medical or forensic psychology, a professional in the field of social psychology may have little knowledge of pathopsychology, etc. An educational psychologist who is able to admit that he is not an expert in this or that field has genuine pedagogical tact and should under no circumstances be ashamed of his ignorance.

The main areas of work of an educational psychologist have been described above. Let us remind you that among them there are correctional, developmental, socio-pedagogical, managerial, and a number of others. Sometimes they require completely different personality traits from a person. For example, it has been proven that long-term individual correctional or developmental work is better done introverts (people characterized by a focus on themselves), and for cultural-educational or social-pedagogical work the opposite quality is often required - extroversion (outward facing). A competent specialist is proficient in all types of activities, some at a high level, others at a lower level. The professionalism of an educational psychologist also lies in the fact that he knows his strengths, but refuses to perform types of work in which he does not feel fully competent (or performs them only after appropriate training).

4. The principle of competence assumes that an educational psychologist will use psychodiagnostic techniques or advisory techniques only after a preliminary check. Not all methods “measure” exactly what is indicated in their instructions, i.e. it is possible that the result will be false. For example, many of the so-called intelligence tests actually measure a child's level of knowledge in school subjects, so using such a technique can only tell at what level the child has mastered the school curriculum, and not what his level of intelligence is.

Not all methods and tests are psychometrically tested. In order to prove that the technique measures exactly this quality (for example, IQ, long-term memory, temperament, etc.), a special, lengthy and complex test is carried out. It is called psychometric (the word is derived from two Latin roots: “psyche” - soul and “metros” - to measure). Psychometric testing shows how stable the results of the technique are to the influence of extraneous factors (for example, how much the result of a test for diagnosing attention depends on a person’s fatigue at the time of testing), how accurate the measurements are, for which groups of people the technique is intended, how stable its results are when repeated, will the result obtained during repeated testing depend on random factors or will it show a person’s progress in developing this quality, and a number of other indicators. Since these measurements are complex and require a large number of subjects and a long time, not all teachers carry them out. If the manual for the methodology that the educational psychologist is going to use does not indicate the results of a psychometric test, or such guidance is missing, it is advisable to replace the methodology with another, more reliable one, or conduct the test yourself.

The same applies to consulting techniques and methods that help solve the problem facing a psychologist in one case, and lead him to failure in another. In order to avoid mistakes and failures associated with the incorrect use of work methods and techniques, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary test of them (on yourself, friends, familiar children, etc.).

5. Another result of adhering to this principle is the absence of fear in the educational psychologist of making a mistake and the quick correction of mistakes made. All people make mistakes, even professionally competent ones. But a good specialist differs from a bad one in that, firstly, he notices his mistakes faster, since he uses reflection more often in his work, and, secondly, he will not persist in his mistake and will find ways to correct it, even if this threatens at some point with a decrease in his authority.

6. In addition to general competence, socio-psychological competence, or competence in communication, is also important in the work of a teacher-psychologist. It manifests itself in the fact that a specialist psychologist quickly navigates various communication situations, chooses the right tone and style of conversation with a small child, a teacher, parents, and administration, finds the right words to support and encourage , and in order to scold or explain something. His focus is based on knowledge, intuition and experience. The ability to equally successfully interact with others is acquired by an educational psychologist due to the fact that he knows his own characteristics, is confident in himself and is able to quickly understand communication partners - their manner of conversation, characteristics of temperament and character, communication style, which helps him find convincing arguments for them . The basis of competence in communication is social sensitivity, the general level of a person’s culture, his knowledge of the ideological and moral rules and patterns of social life.

them worldview issues and thereby gain lasting authority and respect on their part. Social life includes not only the structure of national and local (regional, city) authorities, although the teacher’s knowledge of their fundamentals is also important, but also the characteristics of relationships in various social strata and groups (in production teams, families, between relatives, friends, in the service sector , leisure, etc.). A specialist who understands the structure of formal and the intricacies of informal relationships can also provide significant assistance.

Both general and communicative competence can increase with experience and can decrease if a person has stopped in his development and uses only previously accumulated knowledge and ideas.

Competence (or competency) literally translated from Latin means “relating, corresponding.” Usually this term refers to the terms of reference of a person or institution (TSB, vol. 22, p. 292). The principle of professional competence is one of the main ethical principles of the work of a teacher-psychologist (Section 4.3 of this chapter will be devoted to a detailed analysis of professional psychological ethics). It is understood that the specialist is aware of the degree of his competence and the limited means of studying the student and influencing him. He does not interfere in those areas in which he has insufficient knowledge, leaving this to more qualified specialists. For example, no teacher would think of performing an operation if a child has an attack of appendicitis, but for some reason some teachers consider themselves entitled to diagnose a student’s abilities and level of mental development without taking any measurements. Thus, they act unprofessionally and violate the boundaries of their competence. The result of such unprofessional judgments can be a student’s doubt about the teacher’s professional qualities (in the best case) or his lack of confidence in his own abilities, a decrease in self-esteem (in more serious cases).

How can the professional competence of a teacher-psychologist be demonstrated?

The main areas of work of an educational psychologist have been described above. Let us remind you that among them there are correctional, developmental, socio-pedagogical, managerial, and a number of others. Sometimes they require completely different personality traits from a person. For example, it has been proven that long-term individual correctional or developmental work is better performed by introverts (people characterized by being inward-looking), while cultural, educational or social-pedagogical work often requires the opposite quality - extraversion (outward-facing). A competent specialist is proficient in all types of activities, some at a high level, others at a lower level. The professionalism of an educational psychologist also lies in the fact that he knows his strengths, but refuses to perform types of work in which he does not feel fully competent (or performs them only after appropriate training).

Knowledge of the world cultural heritage (literature, painting, music) helps to form stable moral standards of behavior and attitude towards the world and people, i.e. true communication competence. In addition, this knowledge helps to quickly understand the individual characteristics of students, and therefore find a common language with them, observing norms of behavior. An educational psychologist must be aware of modern ideological trends and the moral code of the society in which he lives, and about world ideologies. In this case, he will be able not only to reasonably decide for himself which ideological and moral principles to adhere to, but also to advise students when solving ideological issues and thereby gain lasting authority and respect on their part. Social life includes not only the structure of national and local (regional, city) authorities, although the teacher’s knowledge of their fundamentals is also important, but also the characteristics of relationships in various social strata and groups (in production teams, families, between relatives, friends, in the service sector , leisure, etc.). A specialist who understands the structure of formal and the intricacies of informal relationships can also provide significant assistance.

Both general and communicative competence can increase with experience and can decrease if a person has stopped in his development and uses only previously accumulated knowledge and ideas.

A teacher-psychologist is a specialist among the teaching staff of an educational institution who carries out professional activities aimed at psychological support of the educational process.

Professional competence of a teacher-psychologist is a system of personal and professional characteristics.

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Professional competencies of a teacher-psychologist in an educational institution

V.A. Sheveleva

MBOU "Secondary School No. 48",

Kemerovo

A teacher-psychologist is a specialist among the teaching staff of an educational institution who carries out professional activities aimed at psychological support of the educational process.

Professional competence of a teacher-psychologist - a system of personal and professional characteristics - special readiness (the result of training at a university, postgraduate training, professional activity); qualifications in activities (the result of mastering technologies of psychological and pedagogical activities in practice); organizational and activity competence (the result of the development of activities in the process of continuous professional education and practical activities) . Successful professional activity requires stable and adequate self-esteem, a positive outlook on the world, emotional stability, self-esteem and self-confidence, sustainable motivation, responsibility, independence, ability to analyze, etc. The main criteria for the professionalism of a psychologist: the presence of a life and professional position; understanding of priority areas of development (taking into account the specifics of the institution); the ability to independently formulate goals, objectives, choose forms of work; predict the result; maintain documentation; draw up documents professionally and competently; work with the socio-pedagogical situation, contribute to the optimization of socio-psychological conditions; organize interaction with participants in the educational process and other institutions; participation in psychological seminars, scientific and practical conferences . To perform professional duties in a qualified manner, a teacher-psychologist must possess professional competencies. Competencies allow you to have a targeted impact on the activities of the institution and the social and personal development of students, carry out a reflective assessment of psychological practice in the educational process, determine the boundaries of competence and design a path for professional growth.

General pedagogical competencies: knowledge about the current state of the education system, about the main regulatory documents for organizing the educational process; principles of organizing the educational environment, about algorithms of pedagogical technologies and methods, about various approaches to education, about the features of the structure, conduct and construction of classes, about the main tasks and directions of educational and preventive work.

General professional competencies: knowledge and understanding of special psychological concepts, possession of general and special psychological culture, use of special tools and techniques; the ability to plan, design, model, predict one’s own activities, taking into account the objectives of the education system, institution and the current situation; communicative competence, the ability to organize joint activities of different subjects of the educational process; ability to facilitate resolution of problem situations; Possession of consulting skills; possession of educational skills and abilities, effective use and presentation of information to various audiences; the ability to analyze results, feedback, conditions for achieving the goal; mastery of modern information technologies.

Special competencies . Psychodiagnostic competencies – psychological and pedagogical diagnostics, assessment of individual psychological properties of students’ personality, developmental characteristics. Special psychocorrectional and developmental competencies: correction of personality characteristics, behavior of participants in the educational process, assistance in solving urgent problems in the development of a particular child or group of children. Special psychoprophylactic competencies: psychological education, prevention of possible violations in the formation and development of the personality of participants in the educational process and interpersonal relationships, promoting the preservation and strengthening of a state of mental balance; dissemination of psychological knowledge, increasing awareness of the possibilities of psychological assistance in order to improve the level of psychological culture and quality of life. Special advisory competencies: psychological and psychological-pedagogical consultation, assistance in resolving psychological problems of participants in the educational process; organization of individual psychological counseling on issues of mental development, training and education; systematic monitoring of children's mental development. Special methodological competencies: methodological activities, accumulation and systematization of psychological and pedagogical literature, methodological materials, individual and group consultations on professional issues. Special management competencies: psychological and pedagogical support of management processes, psychological support for the management of an educational institution.

Professionally important qualities - competencies - allow a teacher-psychologist to effectively solve problems in the dynamic conditions of professional activity. The formation and development of professional competencies occurs in the processes of continuous professional education and practical activity.

Literature

Zimnyaya, I.A. General culture and social and professional competence of a person / I.A. Winter [Text] // Higher education today. – 2000. – No. 11. – p. 14-20.
Kociunas, R. Fundamentals of psychological counseling [Text] / R. Kociunas. – M.: Academic project, 2009. − 240 p.
Koshel, N.N. Professional competence as a basic category of postgraduate education / N.N. Wallet [Text] // Adukatsiya i vyhavanne. − 2005. − No. 9, p.8-15.
Teacher-psychologist in the field of education: professional standard [Electronic access] //. – 49 s.

The professional competence of a teacher is determined by a complex set of skills - he must master his subject perfectly and improve his knowledge and skills at the level of the latest scientific achievements.

There is a huge amount of research on the problem of psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers, for example, in the works of psychologists B. G. Ananyev, K. K. Platonov, S. L. Rubinshtein, the basics of the psychological and pedagogical competence of a teacher are revealed in detail, and the research of V. S. Avanesov revealed various methods and means of diagnosing the level of professional competence of a teacher.

Despite the variety of existing research in this area, in the education system there is still a problem of the existence of a low level of psychological competence of teachers who, in their teaching activities, do not take into account the psychological states of students, their unique behavior, motives for learning and interpersonal relationships in the team, which gives rise to negative phenomena in the education system.

Therefore, the need to increase the level of professionalism of educators and develop their psychological competence is a fairly pressing problem. This problem can be successfully solved if we identify psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to increasing the level of psychological competence of the teacher.

The professionalism of a teacher includes a whole system of personal and professional standards that guide the teacher towards the effective performance of his teaching activities.

A significant component of a professional teacher is his pedagogical and psychological competence. The activity of a teacher belongs to the “person-to-person” type and of particular importance in its effective implementation belongs to the psychological competence of the teacher, which presupposes knowledge of the age characteristics of schoolchildren, methods of effective interaction, patterns of student behavior, etc. The teacher must be psychologically educated and have knowledge about the age-related psychological characteristics of students, because he is engaged in professional activities directly related to children. Besides. The teacher must have psychological competence, that is, he must be able to effectively use psychological education in practice.

Conditions for the formation and development of a teacher’s psychological competence

We believe that in order to increase the level of psychological competence, the teacher needs to know the conditions that contribute to the development and formation of the level of development of psychological and pedagogical competence.

In increasing the level of psychological competence of a teacher, self-education and the help of a psychologist in difficult situations play a huge role.

In addition, the study and analysis of theoretical and methodological material in this area allowed us to identify and formulate the main conditions for the formation and development of a teacher’s psychological competence:

1. Pedagogical tact- this is the mandatory observance by the teacher of the principle of moderation in communicating with children in educational activities, which implies respect for students, attentiveness and trust, reasonableness in the requirements for completing educational tasks, and much more.

2. The ability to find the right approach to students and know their individual and psychological-age characteristics.

3. Ability and desire to work with children.

4. Interest in results of their professional activities.

5. When planning and organizing the educational process take into account the level of motivation of students and the completeness of their knowledge of the educational material.

6. The teacher must have the skills and abilities of organizational abilities.

7. Master your speech- it should be simple, clear and convincing in communication with students.

8. Be able to manage the mental state of students in the classroom. To do this, it is necessary to create a comfortable learning environment in the classroom and be able to see and distinguish the mental state of children.

9. “Empathy” of the teacher, that is, the ability to feel the emotional state of the student, be able to empathize and respond to the child’s problem. The main thing here for the teacher is to understand the child’s condition and look at the situation from his position in order to find ways to solve the child’s problem.

And we would also like to especially mention such an important condition as teacher's ability to cooperate. That is, to increase the level of psychological competence of a teacher, it is necessary to be able to formulate one’s point of view, and to hear and listen to others. In addition, the ability to cooperate also lies in resolving disagreements using logical argumentation, without transferring disagreements into the plane of personal relationships.

It is also important teacher's external attractiveness, that is, the ability to win over students with their appearance and demeanor, because students receive information not only from the teacher’s speech, but also visually - they pay attention to the expression of feelings in the teacher’s facial and pantomimic movements. In addition, the teacher’s pleasant demeanor facilitates quick adaptation to any environment and facilitates the establishment of communication connections, which increases the level of impact on students.

We believe that compliance with the above conditions helps to increase the level of psychological competence of the teacher.

A highly competent teacher is a teacher with a special kind of worldview, capable of constructing predictive models of behavior, able to accept and assimilate the requirements of modern social reality, as well as reflect on the development of social reality. The psychological competence of a teacher lies in the ability to realize the level of one’s own activity, one’s abilities, to know ways of professional self-improvement, to be able to see the reasons for shortcomings in one’s work, in oneself, and to desire self-improvement.

If the teacher makes it a rule to take into account and apply all the above conditions, then we believe that the teacher’s psychological competence will be formed quickly enough and it will be easier for him in his professional activities.

The identified and formulated conditions for increasing the level of psychological competence of a teacher can be applied by teachers and psychologists in their professional activities.

Bibliography

1. Lukyanova N.I. Psychological and pedagogical competence of the teacher. Developmental diagnostics. M., 2004.
2. Lazarenko L.A. Psychological competence of a teacher as a factor of professionalization // Modern high-tech technologies. - 2008. - No. 1 - P. 67-68
3. Zimnyaya I.A. Key competencies as a result-target basis of a competency-based approach in education. Author's version. - M.: Research Center for Problems of Quality of Training of Specialists, 2004. - 27 p.
4. Terpigoreva S.V. Practical seminars for teachers / Psychological competence of educators. Issue 2. Publishing house: Uchitel, 2011. - 143 p.

Photo: Galina Voronko.