When shall and will are used? Shall and will: rules of use and differences from other modal verbs

Verb should can be used as an auxiliary or modal. In the first case, it is needed to construct grammatical constructions, for example (future in the past), in the second, to express the speaker’s attitude to the action. In this article, we will look first at , and we will also look at should as an auxiliary verb.

Table: modal verb Should in affirmative, negative, interrogative form

Advice with should It is usually translated into Russian with the words “should”, “worth”.

You should spend more time with your family. - You should spend more time with your family.

You shouldn't drink this coffee. It's disgusting. - You not worth it drink this coffee, it's disgusting.

When talking about advice related to the future tense, you can also use should:

Lily should pass her exam later. – Lily should take the exam later.

You shouldn't go to that party on Sunday. - You not worth it go to this party on Sunday.

Synonym should a modal verb can serve - the meaning is almost the same, but ought to is used very rarely, especially in colloquial speech.

You ought to take care of your debts. - You should take care of your debts.

1.2. Commitment

This will not be a strict commitment like , but something like a recommendation with a hint of obligation. Usually concerns planned actions. Actions that, according to the plan, are supposed to happen. It is more appropriate to translate such sentences into Russian not with the words “should”, “worth”, but with “need”, “must”.

I should must be at work at 9 o'clock.

Please note that this meaning does not use the negative form, as the meaning will change. For example, the sentence “I shouldn’t be at work at 9 o’clock” will have a connotation of advice rather than a lack of obligation: “You shouldn’t be at work at 9 o’clock (it’s better to come later, no one will be there anyway).”

Synonym should turnover can serve as the meaning of obligation be supposed to, meaning: in theory it should, it is implied that it should.

I am supposed to be at work at 9 o’clock. - I should be (in theory) at work at 9 o'clock.

1.3. Expected action, probability

In Russian, the word “must” or “should” is sometimes used to mean expected action, probability. For example: She should already be at home = She is probably already at home = She is supposed (expected) to be at home already.

A similar construction in English uses a modal verb should.

By now, they should be in Moscow. -By this time they have already must be in Moscow (they are probably already in Moscow).

Ten dollars is enough. This T-shirt shouldn't cost more than that. - Ten dollars is enough, this one. t-shirt shouldn't cost more (expected to be no more than $10).

Should in this case it can be replaced by be supposed to.

This T-shirt is not supposed to cost more than 10 dollars. – This T-shirt shouldn't (in theory) costs more than 10 dollars.

2. Regret, reproach, probability, expected action - in the past tense

As in the Russian language, advice regarding the past is no longer advice, but regret about something missed or done incorrectly. You cannot advise something to happen in the past, you can only regret the missed opportunity. The turn of phrase often has a connotation of reproach.

We are running out of water. We should have taken more. - We're running out of water. I should have taken it more.

I have no time to read the book. I should have read it on the weekend. – I don’t have time to read a book. I should have read it her on the weekend.

Also, this construction, depending on the context, can mean a probable or expected action in the past. Something that was supposed to happen.

Her husband should have not returned shouldn't have come back from a business trip before Monday.

But more often in this case they use turnover be supposed to.

Her husband was not supposed to return from his business trip before Monday. - Her husband shouldn't have

Modal verbs act as auxiliary verbs and carry a number of different semantic loads. All these rules have their own logical thread, remembering which, you will forever remember the features of shall, will, must, have to, should, ought to, would and others.

Basic concept of modality

Modal verbs perform the function of helping one word to another, filling a bunch of words with meaning.

I should go to work.- I have to go to work.

What happens if you remove should?

I go to work.- I go to work.

The meaning has changed. It is for the correct presentation of thoughts that modal verbs serve.

There are 8 main verbs that follow a number of rules, and 5 words that are not modal, but fit part of these rules.

It's easy to remember basic modal verbs:

MMM – must, may, might;

WW – will, would;

CC – can, could;

SS – shall, should.

Side effects:

• ought to, need, have to, be able to(for use in the past tense of verbs of possibility);
• used to(denoting an action that was performed before, but is not being performed now).

Basic rules of modal verbs:

• You can't put s on them. Never. Forget about it. We are used to: She speaks English well. - She talks to him. With a modal verb of possibility: She might speak English well. - She could speak English well.
• In questions they behave in the same way as a regular auxiliary verb: Is he leaving now? – Is he leaving now? And now the verb of possibility: Could I leave now? – Can I go out now?
• We use the modal verb first, and then the particle not and then the infinitive. In general, the same principle as in the second rule.

Shall and will then and now

The English language is very plastic or flexible. Every day it changes and adapts to people. This is exactly how the Future Simple or Future Indefinite tense rule changed.

Previously, shall + infinitive without the particle to were added to the pronouns I and We. The most famous example is from the film The Lord of the Rings, when the hero shouts on the bridge: “You shall not pass!”

Examples:

• I shall go to the park tomorrow.- I'll go to the park tomorrow.
• We shall cook dinner together.- We'll cook lunch together.
• Shall I go to the zoo tomorrow?– Will I go to the zoo tomorrow?
• Shall we clean those windows?– Shall we wash those windows?
• I shall not do that. - I will not do it.
• We shall not go anywhere.- We're not going anywhere.
• I shall not drink that.- I won't drink this.

Over time, shall has lost its function as an auxiliary verb of the Future Simple. Now we only know will + infinitive without the particle to. Will is now used as an auxiliary verb in combination with an infinitive. The Lord of the Rings would now sound like: “You will not pass.”

Examples:

• I will go to the park tomorrow.- I'll go to the park tomorrow.
• We will cook dinner together.- We'll cook lunch together.
• He will drive his car slowly.– He will drive the car slowly.
• She will bake a cake.- She will bake a cake.
• It will sleep here.- It (meaning the animal) will sleep here.
• They will study English.– They will learn English.
• You will pass the exam.- You will pass the exam.

Short forms of verbs in all forms

The following short forms of both verbs exist:

	?	+	—
Full form	Shall we do our homework?	We shall do our homework.	We shall not do our homework.
Short form	—	—	We shan’t do our homework.
Full form	Will we do our homework?	We will do our homework	We will not do our homework
Short form	—	We'll do our homework.	We won't do our homework.

Shall

Shall today has become a modal verb and serves as a connecting link. From a word that denoted the future tense, it began to be translated as “should.” Being the initial form of the well-known should – must.

Shall is used as a request for advice:

• Shall I change my clothes?– Should I change my clothes?
• I shall change my clothes.– I have to change my clothes.
• Shall we do that?– Should we do this?
• I shall not do that.– I shouldn’t do this (I shouldn’t do this).

Or as a suggestion for something:

• Shall I do it for you?– Should I do it for you?
• Shall we dance?- Shall we dance?
• Shall I ask him?- Should I ask him?

In this case shall continues to be used only with I and We.

Will

Of course, much more responsibilities fell on the verb will. I and We are now used with will in the future tense. In this case, the verb is either translated as “I will, you will be,” etc., or gives the accompanying action the color of the future tense.

Examples:

What happens to other pronouns? When we use the 2nd person, we mean an offer, a request, or invite the interlocutor somewhere.

Examples:

• Will you come to our wedding?– Will you (or you) come to our wedding?
• Will you join us tomorrow?– Will you (or you) join us tomorrow?
• Will you clean the dishes?- Will you wash the dishes?
• Will you tidy this room?-Will you clean this room?
• Will you have some tea?- Do you want some tea?
• Will you take my pen?-Will you take my pen?

If we talk about will as a modal verb, then we use it when we are 100% sure of what was said. Moreover, this applies to both the generally accepted fact (Water will boil in a minute. - Water will boil in a minute), and our prediction, that is, prediction. We are absolutely sure that our friend will come on time - he has never been late. – Our friend will come in time. He has never been late.

Spontaneous decision - expressing your will

Will be used in moments of spontaneous decision. You wanted to stay at home, but you found out that a new film was released - and so you decided to go to the cinema. I'll go to the cinema. - I will go to the cinema.

Examples:

• We'll pay for you.- We'll pay for you.
• I'll do my homework later.– I’ll do my homework later – perhaps the context of this sentence implies that you have been called somewhere. And you decide to do your homework later.
• I'll watch this video with you.- I'll watch this video with you.
• I'll cook the dinner.- I'll cook dinner.
• We'll bake this cake tonight.– We will bake this cake tonight.

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Modal verbs of duty

There is a certain list of words denoting the obligation to do something. They can be conditionally distributed in a table from “can be fulfilled, can not be fulfilled” to “the requirement is fulfilled 100%”. All these words are translated into Russian as “must” or “obliged”.

Must	Complete 100%. Rules, laws, clear requirements.	You mustn’t run near the pool.– You must not run near the pool (it is forbidden to run near the pool). You must pay bills in time.– You must pay your bills on time. You mustn’t live in that flat with pets. – You should not live in that apartment with animals (living with animals is prohibited).
Have to	A frequent substitute for must, but not so strict.	You have to do your homework.– You must do your homework (but this is an obligation for you personally; a ban cannot be imposed). You have to tidy your room.– You must clean your room. You have to go to work. - You have to go to work.
Ought to	The even less obligatory ought to can be translated as “should.”	We ought to give some money for charity.– We should give money to charity. We wanted to help old people.– We should help older people. We wanted to say “Thank you”. – We should say “Thank you.”
Should	Can be translated as advice.	You shouldn't say these words.“You shouldn’t say those words.” You should go to the doctor.– You should go to the doctor.
Need	Need to. You don't have to do anything, for example.	You don’t need to go to school today. It's Saturday.-You don't have to go to school today. Today is Saturday.

Must and have to – must or obliged?

The difference between must and have to is who the obligation comes from. In the case of must, these are laws or our own wishes. That is, we ourselves indicate what we must do.

Examples:

• I mustn't steal other things.- I shouldn't steal other people's things. Law.
• I must go on a diet.– I have to go on a diet. This is not a law, but our will to put a certain prohibition or “law” within the framework of our own life.
• I mustn't kill people.- I shouldn't kill people.
• I must study English.– I have to learn English. For failure to comply with this rule, only you can determine the punishment.

There is one more nuance - the translation of the expression “must be”, where must is not necessarily a requirement:

Have to has a different nature - we are told what we should do better. At the same time, they cannot punish us for this within the state.

• You have to go on a diet.– You must go on a diet. For health reasons this is a necessity.
• You have to go for a walk every day.– You should walk every day.

Or the insistence of parents/friends:

• You have to calm down.– You need to calm down.
• You have to eat three times a day.– You must eat three times a day.

Should as expressing your opinion

The verb should has several uses:

• opportunity;
• advice;
• criticism.

The difference between should and must, have to is in the scope of application. Should is translated as “must”, but does not mean obligation, unlike must and have to.

Comparison:

You should visit your grandma.– You should visit your grandmother (you better do that).	You have to drive slowly.– You must drive slowly (obligation of traffic rules).
You should eat more vegetables.– You should eat more vegetables (you are recommended to do this).	You have to clean vegetables before eating.– You must wash vegetables before eating (doctor’s insistence).
You should call your mother.– You should call your mom (advice).	You must tell the police about an accident.– You must tell the police about the accident.

Should and opportunity

It is important to note that it is the impossibility of doing something, but the assumption that it is quite possible to do it.

Examples:

• Mother should win you.– Mom should defeat you (this is most likely).
• Father should come for you after work.– Dad will pick you up after work (if he has time, if he finishes work, etc., indicated – 90% possibility).
• Brother should be a great student.– Brother must be a good student (assumption, but not fact).

You can use the verb of obligation as advice - you should do this, it would be better if you did the following. This may be generally known advice or from a specific person.

Examples:

• You shouldn't be there.– You shouldn’t be here (it would be better if you weren’t here at the moment).
• You should drink 1.5 l per day.– You should drink 1.5 liters a day (you should drink 1.5 liters a day, a generally accepted fact).

Should and criticism

If you criticize, you are arguing that someone should do something better. A modal verb is used for this should.

Examples:

• You should try harder.– You should try harder.
• You should study hard to pass the exam.– You have to study a lot to pass the exam.
• You should go to bed earlier before important days.– You should go to bed earlier before important days.

Difference between could, should and would

Could and would are united by the Russian particle BY. That is, when using these two words, “would” will definitely be present in the sentence.

For example:

• He COULD do it.- He couldn't do that.
• She COULD work as a salesperson.– She could work as a shopkeeper.
• He WOULD do it.- He would do that.
• She WOULD have worked as a salesperson.– She would work as a shopkeeper.

At the same time, these modal verbs also have separate semantic loads.

Could plays two roles:

• Second column of the verb can (Past Indefinite form);
• Polite question.

Examples:

• He could run for hours.– He could run for hours (precisely in the past).
• Could I close the window?– Can I close the window? (In this case, the LI particle plays the role of BU).

Should is very often confused with could in expressing probability. When we say: The working day ends at 18.00, he must be stuck in a traffic jam right now. – Work day finishes at 6 p.m., he should be in traffic jam now., we mean probability with a certain degree of success. We insist that the scenario develops in a similar way. Unlike could.

Work day finishes at 6 p.m., he could be in traffic jam or in a supermarket. – The working day ends at 18.00, he could be in a traffic jam or a supermarket. We do not claim that this is so, we do not even insist. We make a guess. That is, should shows a probability, and could shows a guess.

Would is also known for two roles similar to could:

• second column of the verb will (form for different tenses, including Conditionals);
• manifestation of desire.

In the first case, the same scheme applies as with could:

• If I knew him, I wouldn’t come.“If I had known him, I wouldn’t have come.”
• If we hadn't been there, we wouldn't have had trouble.“If we weren’t here, we wouldn’t be in trouble.”

At the same time, would retains the translation with the particle “would”.

If you express your desire, the particle can be omitted:

• Would you like a drink?– Would you like something to drink?
• I’d like a cup of tea, thanks.- I'd like a cup of tea, thank you.

Would – modal verb and form of the verb will

Would itself is used to express the will of a person:

• If we refuse something: He wouldn't do it anyway. – He wouldn’t do it (he wouldn’t want to do it, he refused it).
• We insist: I said, he would wait. “I said he’ll be waiting.” (We emphasize the semantic would).
• Let's talk about intention: I would go to Africa. - I'll go to Africa.
• As a question: Would you like to go on a walk? – Would you like to go for a walk? Would you like to have a nap? – You would like to take a nap.
• As a request: Would you close the window, please? – Could you close the window, please?

Ought to and should – how to distinguish?

At its core ought to and should- These are synonymous words interchangeable with each other.

They have only two significant differences:

• We use ought with the particle “to”, while should does not.
  • We ought to help our mum. – We should help our mother.
  • They should come out in time. “They should have left on time.”
• Ought to used less often and more in a moral sense - as a voice of conscience or an indicator of a moral ideal.
  • We ought to trust each other. “We should trust each other.”
  • We ought to help poor people more often. “We should help poor people more often.”
• Should can also be used in ordinary advice that does not affect the moral side of the issue.
  • You should eat more soups. – You should eat more soups.

In other cases, ought to and should can be replaced with each other, for example:

• He ought to help his sister with a homework. He should help his sister with her homework.
• He should help his sister with a homework.– He should (or he should) help his sister with her homework. The meaning has not changed.

May and should - asking permission

May is used in similar cases to should:

• May I come in?– Can I come in?
• Should I come in?– Should I come in?

Even in the example, the difference in translation is clearly visible. In the first case, we ask permission, in the second, we clarify the details. In case of may– the desire comes from us, we ask whether it is possible to perform this or that action.

In the case of should, the call to action comes from another person:

• Here's your assignment. – Here is your job.
• Should I do it now? – Should Do I do it now?

May itself is used for:

1. Expressions of possibility. He may be upstairs.- He might be upstairs. (We don’t know this for sure, we make a very vague guess - 50/50). The similar form might is translated in the same way, but has a lower probability - 40 to 60. The assumption is even more vague. It might want some food.- It (meaning the animal) probably wants food. We don't know this for sure, so we're making a guess.
2. Permissions. You may play computer games.- You can (I allow you) to play computer games. And, accordingly, I do not allow: You may not play in the garden.– You are not allowed (you cannot) play in the garden. This form is very formal and is often used as a written statement of rules. Another formal permission question with a verb might. Might I come in?- Can I come in?
3. Questions, requests. When we need something. May I have a cup of coffee, please?– Can I have a cup of coffee, please? Might here has the same meaning in a more formal equivalent (rarely used). Might I close the door?—Can I close the door? In terms of formality, it can be compared with the Russian “dare”. Dare I close the door. Quite formal, isn’t it?
4. Ban. You may not smoke here.– You cannot smoke here (it is prohibited). A more formal phrase than must.

Might can also act as a past tense form of the verb may.

How to remember all this?

The main task is to correctly translate into Russian. Examples of education and use are the key to successful memorization of any rule. Various exercises and tests will help you learn the rule.

Modal (and auxiliary) verbs are divided into three types: by obligation, by opportunity, by permission. Moreover, the permission clause can include almost every verb. Therefore, the third type includes those that are used only for permission.

Remember:

• Duty. Must, should, ought to, have to. – You must, must or should.
• Opportunity. May, can, could, may, might.- You can.
• Other. Shall, will, need.– We ask, clarify, talk about the absence of necessity (there is no permission or permission not to do something).

Often in a conversation we want to give a sentence some character, make it more polite or, conversely, sharp and motivating. In this case, you should turn to modal verbs. There are quite a lot of them in the English language, and they all have their own specific purpose. Today we will focus on one of them and study how and in what cases it is worth using the modal verb should.

But first, let's remember what modal verbs actually are. Modals verbs or modal verbs are verbs that show the speaker’s attitude towards a particular event or action. By themselves, they do not have such a meaning, and therefore are used only as auxiliaries, acting in conjunction with the main verb. Should in this case is no exception.

The modal verb should in English is usually translated as “must”, “should”. Most often it is used to give some kind of advice or recommendation. It occurs constantly in speech, so knowing this verb will greatly facilitate your understanding of the language. The good news is that you don't have to memorize anything to learn it, understanding how to use this verb is very simple, and now you will see it for yourself.

In order not to confuse the location of this verb, let's look at the use of should in various sentence forms.

The verb should in affirmative sentences

In affirmative sentences, this modal verb comes immediately after the subject:

Please note that in sentences with the 3rd person in the present tense, you should never add the ending -s(-es) to the modal verb should. Moreover, it does not need to be added to the main verb. This rule works with almost all modal verbs, which greatly facilitates the construction of sentences at the initial stage of language learning.

The verb should in negative sentences

In negative sentences should takes on the negative particle not:

In colloquial speech, the modal verb should often merges with negation:

Please note that a negative particle can also be used after a semantic verb in the construction not ... but (also), but in this case the meaning of the sentence changes. Let's compare:

The verb should in interrogative sentences

In the interrogative form, the modal verb should comes first:

Modal verb should: use

The modal verb should is used in the following cases:

1. In order to give advice in the sense of “should”, “should not”:

Advice can be given by using the pronoun I before should. This construction will be translated into Russian as “I would be in your place...”:

1. To express commitment. In the case of the modal verb should, obligation rather speaks of a person’s moral urge to do something. In simple words, no one forces or obliges him to do an action, but he feels that he must do it for reasons of conscience. Compare:

The analogues of should in such sentences, as you already understood, are the Russian “need” and “must”:

To express emotions regarding what a person should do, you can use constructions: it’s interesting (interesting) / ridiculous (ridiculous) / surprising (surprising), etc.:

1. Should is also used to express probability, showing that an action "should" happen or will happen:

1. And also to express the hope that ideas coincide with reality:

1. The modal verb is also used when they come to some kind of conclusion:

1. Should can also be seen in conditional sentences meaning “if suddenly”:

And also in the meaning of “if” in official correspondence:

1. The verb should can also be used with a perfect infinitive. In this case, the auxiliary have is added to it in the 1st and semantic in the 3rd verb forms. This construction expresses reproach or regret for imperfect actions:

1. It is worth noting that the modal verb shall is directly related to the verb should. The fact is that in addition to its independent form, should is also used to show the verb shall in the past tense in English. This variant of its use is very rare, mainly when coordinating tenses:

That's all. As you can see, the modal verb should can be used in various situations, and most importantly, without any difficulties. To reinforce the material, you can do exercises on the topic and create your own examples.

Did you know that the verb should - this is a direct relativeshall? True, this does not particularly affect howwhen should is used.After all, this is not a completely ordinary verb, it is modal. And not the simplest of them.

Lewis Carroll, the author of “Alice in Wonderland,” also wrote about “hanger words.” He meant that some words can have many, many meanings. Yes, there are a lot of such “hangers” in the English language. But probably, if modal verbs competed with other verbs in polysemy, they would come to the finish line, lay out the mat, have a picnic, and already on a full stomach they would meet other out of breath verbs.

Should is used:

1. To say about something that is true, correct and appropriate;


2. To talk about expectations and confidence in something;


3. In conditional sentences, to say something that might happen;


4. To politely but insistently ask someone for something.

And not only for this...

No wonder thatsentences with shouldsometimes it's so hard to decipher. There are many meanings, but they are also quite vague. Either someone owes someone, or is planning something, or even doubts whether his opinion is correct or not...

What is modality?

Such uncertainty stems from nature itself.modalverbs, which isshould. Such words convey the speaker’s attitude towards what was said. These are verbs of subjective perception, how we want or don’t want to see this world. Everyone has their own vision of this, which is why modal verbs have so many meanings. These are wishes, fears, prohibitions, affectionate requests, and much more.

Compare a neutral phrase without a modal verb:

I earn more money now (Now I earn more money).

and a phrase with a modal verbshould:

Ishould earn more money (I need to earn more money).

Second option withshouldreflects the speaker's attitude to the situation.

Auxiliary verbs- so different and so necessary

Modal verbs are considered auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs, as the name suggests, help us. What is their help?

Simple auxiliary verbs- be, do, have

They are also called primary. Their function is purely grammatical - to formtenses (tenses), interrogatives, negative sentences and voice (active or passive). By themselves they have no meaning.

Do youeat after 8 p.m.?
(Do you eat after eight in the evening?)

In this sentence the semantic verb iseat(eat) and do- this is not an independent verb, but an auxiliary verb; it is only needed to ask a question.

Modal auxiliary verbs- can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would.

Modal verbs are also used in conjunction with semantic verbs. But they bring their own shade of meaning:

Youshould notdo this (you shouldn't do this)

Semantic verb -do(do) ​​and shouldexpresses the attitude of the speaker (the speaker thinks that his interlocutor does not need to do something).

Modal verbs in a sentence behave differently than regular verbs.

• The semantic verb after them is used without "to»:

If you are in doubt how to write - " should to" or without "to" - feel free to choose the second option.

Right :

I should bring a present to the anniversary. (I have to bring a gift for the anniversary).

Wrong :

I should to bring a present to the anniversary.

• There is no ending added to them-sin the third person singular:

Right :

He must do it (He must do it).

Wrong :

He musts do it.

• They never ending :

Phrases "I'm supposed to"does not exist in nature.

• You won't see them used with another auxiliary verb:

That is, constructions like “Do I should" does not exist.

Semimodal verbs- Have to, need, ought

They are also used with semantic verbs to add additional meaning and a hint of modality to the sentence. But at the same time, they violate all the syntactic rules of modal verbs: they have the particle to after them, they can stand next to other auxiliary verbs, and they are inflected by faces.

Ought to against should

Just as every city has its own sister city somewhere in the world, so should has a “sister verb” among semi-modal verbs - it is a verbought. It has the same purpose as should:

• To say about something that is true, correct and appropriate.

• To talk about expectations and confidence in something.

That is, these are interchangeable verbs, but with a small caveat -ought tomore objective thanmodal verb should:

Should: hanger of meanings

Now let's look in more detail at what hangs on this hanger of meanings calledshould:

1. Expectation

The concertshould be really good.

(The concert should be very good).

1. Criticism of any action

Youshouldn't have eaten the food with strange flavor! (There was no need to eat food with a strange smell).

1. Recommendation

I'm not insisting but youshould think it over.

(I'm not insisting, but you should think about it).

1. Polite coercion, urgent request (in writing)

All guestsshould check out at 11 a.m.

(All guests must check out by 11am).

1. Uncertainty

When should I say "I love you"» ?

(When should I say "I love you" » ?)

Should people vote?

What healthy foods should people eat?

(What healthy foods should people eat?)

1. A softened statement (with verbs denoting mental activity, such asthink, consider, assume, believe )

Ishould assume the progress is still unsteady.

(Presumably, progress is still unstable).

Have you done anything yet? Ishould think you haven't.

(Have you done anything yet? I guess not).

At fifteen Ishould think you haven't had that much experience

(At fifteen years old, I guess you don't have much experience).

1. Description of accidents (with words likeodd - strange, funny - funny, What a coincidence! - what a coincidence!)

It’s funny we should meet this way after so many years.

(It's funny that we met like this, after so many years).

Shall and Will

Sometimes students are unsure which of these auxiliary verbs should be used to indicate future actions?

In principle, both can be used. But there is a small problem with the rules.

Back in the seventeenth century, when everything was much clearer,shallwas to be used only with the first person (I and we).

Ishall go to the ball- Cinderella said.

(I'll go to the ball- said Cinderella).

Weshall go to the ball too- her stepmother and her stepsisters said.

(We'll go to the ball too - said her stepmother and stepsisters).

Willintended for all other persons:

Prince Charmingwill be there, too.

(Prince Charming will be there too).

In the same time, will And shallcould also mean a strong desire, a desire for something. In this case, traditional rules dictated doing the opposite: with the first person, usewill, and with the rest -shall.

Probably, such a replacement was made so as not to get confused, where is just a statement of fact in the future, and where is an emotional statement:

You shall not go to the ball, because you’re just a cinderella!

(You won't go to the ball because you're just Cinderella).

I will go to the ball, because now I have a beautiful new dress!

(I'll go to the ball because I now have a beautiful new dress!)

Over time, these rules have lost their relevance, and now no one follows them, even the most educated native speakers.

An auxiliary verb is commonly used to express the future tense.will- in all faces.

And in colloquial speech it’s even simpler - people just shortenwill before 'll, and the question itself about which verb to use -will or shall,stops being so acute.

I'll go there, no matter what my stepmother says.

(I'll go there, no matter what my stepmother says).

Shallbegan to be used less frequently. But now it is associated with a certain solemnity. More often than the idea of ​​the future tense, it expresses the idea “it will be so because I am sure of it.”

Very indicative in this sense is the famous speech of Winston Churchill, which he delivered in the fortieth year after Great Britain entered the Second World War:

Weshall go on to the end. Weshall fight in France, weshall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.

(We will go to the end. We will fight in France, we will fight on the seas and oceans, we will fight with increasing confidence and strength in the air, we will defend our island, no matter what the cost).

From this example it is clear what a special and sublime meaning can haveverb shall in English.

Compare the shades of value:

Iwill not be silent- I won't be silent (I'll say something)

Ishall not be silent - I won't be silent (if you don’t wait, I’ll tell everyone, you won’t shut my mouth).

Conditional with Shall

As mentioned at the beginning of the article,shouldis the past tense form of the verbshall. But it's not that simple. You can't just pick it up and use itshouldin the past tense, by itself. This is only possible withinconditional offers.

Shouldis the conditional form forshall.

Beginners in English are not told about such things at first. They are taught four types of conditional sentences with the words if and when. Let us remind you what they are:

When should is used,conditional constructions have a different structure. In them, the verb and subject (subject) change places, just like in questions. If you haven't encountered such a structure yet, its unusual appearance may surprise you:

Should I come again, will he be at his office?

(If I come again, will he be in his office?)

Should the river freeze, we will go skating.

(If the river freezes, we will go for a ride).

Conditional sentence diagram with should:

Should + subject + semantic verb

Ordinary conditional sentences are structured the same way, only in the place should isif.

Don't forget that in the case ofshouldthe semantic verb does not change by person:

If shecomes here, tell her to go back home

Should shecome here, tell her to go back home.

(If she comes here, tell her to go home).

Conditional shouldIt sounds quite formal and is rarely used in conversation. More often you can see examples of such phrases in writing, in various kinds of documents, especially in instructions, warnings, rules.

Should you break this rule, you may be fined.

(If you violate this rule, you may be fined).

Should you break the law, you"ll be punished with three years’ imprisonment

(Breaking this law will result in a three-year prison sentence.)

Ensure your children are taken care of should anything unexpected happen.

(Make sure there is someone to take care of your children in case of unexpected incidents).

Shouldmost often used in conditional sentences of type zero or type one.

And finally, conditional sentences are a separate type, whereshould worth after if.

In this case, in the eyes of the speaker, the possibility of the event is minimized.

If you should find my bag there, could you bring it?

(If you suddenly find my bag there, can you bring it?)

The speaker implies that the probability of finding the bag is very low.

Also instead of ifother words like"in case"- when, " supposing (that)" - suppose that, etc.

In case you should pass by a supermarket, get me some pizza

(If you happen to pass by a supermarket, grab me some pizza).

The speaker deprived himself of the confidence in advance that he would eat pizza today.

The modal verb should, like other modal verbs, can appear in a wide variety of contexts. If you are new to English, you don't have to use all the meaningsshould, it is enough to know the main cases of its use. This:

• adviсe

• recommendations

• expectations

If your level is already advanced, you can go further and useshould

• in conditional sentences

• in requests

• in written official speech

The main thing is that at any stage you enjoy the process! Communicate, use English in life, and success will definitely come to you.

Lesson 3. Future Simple Tense - Future Simple Tense. Ways of expressing the future tense (repetition) and their comparison with the Future Simple. Suggestions and requests

In this lesson we will take a closer look at the Future Simple Tense, and also compare it with other previously discussed ways of expressing the future tense. We will look at some cases of using the Future Simple Tense in colloquial speech.

Topic 1. Using The Future Simple Tense. Difference between Shall and Will. Formation of affirmative and negative sentences. Short forms

For education all types of offers in the Future Simple Tense auxiliary verbs are used shall or will. Formally shall used with the first person singular (I) and plural (we). But in modern colloquial speech it occurs almost only will. However, this trend does not mean at all that shall has become an atavism, since it is indispensable in some interrogative sentences (will be discussed in topic 2) and has a very noticeable semantic potential, different from will. In literature, in newspapers shall And will are used in accordance with the grammar.

The main purpose of the Future Simple Tense is to denote an action that will happen in the future.

In the future tense, such temporary indicators as tomorrow, in two days (in two days), next week, etc. are used.

Affirmative sentences

Word order: on first the subject is located in the place; on second- auxiliary; on third the verb is placed in the infinitive form without a particle to. An adverb can appear after an auxiliary verb.

1	2	3	4	5	6
I	shall/will	see	him	again	tomorrow
We
She	will	go	there	next	Monday
He
You
They
It		probably	rain	in the afternoon

Contractions are often used in affirmative sentences. It is noteworthy that when using abbreviations, the need to choose between auxiliary verbs disappears, since only the same ending is taken from them -ll.

I"ll - He"ll - She"ll - We"ll - You"ll - They"ll - It"ll.

With help Future Simple future intentions that arise at the moment of decision making are expressed.

The phone is ringing. - I"ll answer it.
Phone calls. - I will answer.

Will is also a noun that translates as “will, desire.” This semantic load was fully transferred to the auxiliary verb of the same name. Therefore, in the sentence “I will help you” there is a sense of determination.

U shall such “determination” is absent. Shall usually expresses actions that lack the subject's desires.

I shall be 30 next month.

The example of the following sentence clearly shows the semantic and stylistic difference between shall And will:

We will fight and we shall win.

Will here expresses the speaker's intention, shall speaks of the inevitability of victory, “promises it.”

Negative sentences

Negative sentences are formed by simply adding the negative particle not after the auxiliary verb. Abbreviations are often used in negative sentences. Sometimes it is quite difficult to “decipher” these abbreviations if you have not seen them before.

So:
Won't - will not
Shan`t [∫a: n t] - shall not

1	2		3	4	5	6
	Full form	Short form
I	shall not	shan`t	be	here	next	Tuesday
We
She	will not	won't	return	home	so soon
He
You
They
It			happen	again

Note