As I approached the backyard. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses

A complex sentence may have not one, but several subordinate clauses (for clarity, we will highlight them with different graphic symbols). In this case, two types of complex sentences are distinguished.
The first type consists of those in which all subordinate parts relate to the main part (to its individual word (phrase) or to the entire main part as a whole). Depending on the meaning of subordinate parts and their relationship to the main one, they can be homogeneous subordinate parts or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous subordinate parts are called subordinate parts of the same name (i.e. parts that have the same meaning) relating to the same word of the main part or to the entire main part as a whole:

You could hear the creaking of runners on the street, the gleam trucks driving towards the factory, and the half-frozen people hoarsely shouting at the horses (D. Mamin-Sibiryak). In this sentence, the three subordinate parts are homogeneous, since they answer the question “what?”, are explanatory and refer to the same phrase (was heard) in the main part:
Homogeneous
subordination

On holidays, the owner would deliberately look for something to do, just to occupy his time with something, as long as he wasn’t busy. b amr and to his without _ work (M. Sholokhov). In this sentence, two subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they answer the question “why?”, are subordinate clauses of purpose and relate to one main part:
Homogeneous
subordination
These parts are connected to each other by a coordinating or non-union connection and are therefore called subordinate clauses:
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people that I express good feelings with a lyre. awakened. that in my cruel age I glorified freedom (and) mercy..k.p.adshim..pri.zmtl (A. Pushkin). Two homogeneous explanatory clauses are connected by a non-union connection, and the third explanatory clause is connected by a coordinating connection:

how?
(what...), (what...) and ()
I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, (a) roll to i.flocks and.. in lochats.Ya (V. Gilyarovsky). Homogeneous clauses are connected by the adversative conjunction a. The subordinating conjunction where in the second subordinate clause is omitted:

In the summer it was a small river, which was easily forded (and) which usually dried up by August (A. Chekhov). Homogeneous attributive clauses are connected by the conjunction and:

(which...) and (which...)
It seemed to her that this sound penetrated her like a sharp thorn.
in dishi that the fire will never end that. /g about lost as
Sasha... (A. Chekhov). Three subordinate clauses are connected by a non-union connection:

What?
(what...), (what...), (what...)
Heterogeneous subordinate parts are subordinate parts of different names, that is, different in meaning, as well as identical in meaning, but relating to different members of the main part. Such subordinate clauses are also called parallel:
The point is not what they called it, but that it is an amazing street! (S. Baruzdin). Both subordinate clauses are explanatory, but refer to different words of the main clause:

Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination

It seemed to you that with every step he was pulling out NOSH OTPTTS- ^: SHO..MMboshmz: Pod.ze4MC (K. Simonov). One main part includes two different subordinate parts: subordinate concession and explanatory, which explain it from different sides:

no matter what? ^ what?
(although...) (what...)
I will spare you from describing the mountains, from exclamations that express nothing, from pictures that... _.nich.eg_o..not..ishFight (M. Lermontov). Both subordinate clauses are attributive, but refer to different words of the main clause:


which ones? u		m which ones?

(which...) (which...)
When he drove up to the rear of the cart. Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him (A. Chekhov). The main part of the sentence is explained by subordinate clauses and purposes from different sides:
/\
When? ^ \^ why?
(when...) (to...)
The second type of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses includes sentences in which the subordinate clauses form a sequential chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause, the second to the first clause, the third to the second, etc. Such subordination is considered sequential (or inclusion), and subordinate clauses - respectively, subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.:
What amazed the silent visitors to the branch was that x:p,-. p_ists_scattered_in__r_different__places^
as if the whole choir was standing. keeping your eyes on the invisible conductor (M. Bulgakov). The main part includes an explanatory clause of the 1st degree, and the comparative clause of the 2nd degree belongs to the clause of the 1st degree:
what?)g
(what...) 1st degree
U
(as if...) 2nd degree
In the mornings, when you can’t walk even ten steps on the grass, ZShoby, ne_pro_moshsh.do__shShSh..rt_r_os1, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, sedge (K. Paustovsky). The main part includes the subordinate time of the 1st degree, and the subordinate clause of the 1st degree includes the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree:
When? v 1-degree
(When...)
For what? 11 2nd degree
(to...)
There was something in their feeling that merged the heart and destroyed the bottomless abyss that separates... the forehead.
century.from_person_v.e_k_a_ (JI. Andreev). The main part includes the explanatory clause of the 1st degree, and the attributive clause of the 2nd degree belongs to the clause of the 1st degree:
What? u
(what...) 1st degree
which? \G
(which...) 2nd degree
In sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may be located inside another, which leads to a confluence of conjunctions. This is why sequential submission is called inclusion.
1st degree
The horses were so tired that when the packs were removed from them, they lay down on the ground (V. Arsenyev). The main part includes the subordinate measures and degrees of the 1st degree, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree includes the subordinate time of the 2nd degree:


How? ,	і

When? n
2nd degree
(When...)
Consistently subordinate clauses and clauses, homogeneous and heterogeneous, can be combined within one complex sentence:
But then he realized that he would need a desperate laugh.
lost. to..press.the.button..Zh9_nsh___at..her_ doors, (and) that he is unlikely to decide on this (K. Paustovsky). Complex sentence with homogeneous and consistent subordination. The main part includes two homogeneous explanatory clauses, and the first explanatory clause includes the subordinate purpose:
test

(to...)

(bye...) (so...)
While you were sitting at school, in class, your mother wiped away your tears so that you wouldn’t know that...there is a need, that it is cruel (A. Liukin). Complex sentence with heterogeneous, consistent and homogeneous subordination. The main part is explained by the subordinate time and the subordinate purpose. The subordinate clause is explained by two homogeneous explanatory clauses:
Complex sentences can have two (or more) main parts with a common (or common) subordinate clauses. As a rule, these are sentences with a subordinate part related to the entire main part as a whole (at the same time to two
or even three). Most often these are subordinate clauses with temporary and conditional meanings:
As soon as Margarita touched the wet grass,
The tongue above the willows struck harder and a sheaf of sparks from the fire flew up more merrily (M. Bulgakov).

When?
(,only...)
Less common are clauses of this type of action and clauses of attribute:
The pattern of stars is so bright, the Milky Way is so clear
flows that the snow-covered yard is all shiny
and phosphoruses (I. Bunin).
how?"
(What...)
There was a sea and there was a steppe, curtains. Petyadsche._tsi:
which?
(which...)

2.48. What type of SPP with several clauses is presented in this sentence?As he drove up to the backyard, Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him. A) SPP with homogeneous subordination; B) SPP with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination;

B) SPP with sequential subordination;

D) SIP with one subordinate clause.

2.49. What type of SPP with several clauses is presented in this sentence?Meresyev saw how Gvozdyev shuddered, how sharply he turned, how his eyes sparkled from under the bandages. 2.50. What type of SPP with several clauses is presented in this sentence?When the door was locked, Arina Petrovna got down to business, about which a family council was convened. A) SPP with homogeneous subordination; B) SPP with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination; B) SPP with sequential subordination; D) SPP with one subordinate clause. 2.51. What type of SPP with several subordinate clauses is presented in this sentence?For a long time, Sintsov could not find out from anyone when the train to Minsk with which he was to depart would leave. A) SPP with homogeneous subordination; B) SPP with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination; B) SPP with sequential subordination; D) SPP with one subordinate clause. 2.52. Specify WBS: A) My voice is weak, but my will does not weaken. B) Snowflakes are falling quietly, and it’s good to keep an eye on each one. B) Marie’s eyes sparkled, but her face was stern and pale. D.) The thought that my life is lost irretrievably chokes me. 2.53. Specify WBS: A) Let sometimes the blue evening whisper to me that you were a song and a dream. B) The thunderstorm has passed, and a branch of white roses breathes its aroma into my window. B) The grass is still full of transparent tears, and thunder rumbles in the distance. D) The damp leaves are burning and bitter smoke is billowing. 2.54. Specify WBS: A) There is no road, and there is no point in looking out for it. B) A damp wind blew across the floor, and the straw rustled. B) I am speaking now in words that are only born once in the soul. D) The young forest is dozing again, and gun smoke hangs like a gray cloud in the still air. 2.55. Specify WBS: A) The snow is still white in the fields, and in the spring the waters are noisy. B) The earth thanks the farmer with harvests for his work. B) At night it was freezing and stars dotted the sky. D) There was no one on the shore, the road was also empty. 2.56. Specify WBS: A) Everything can be said beautifully, but best of all about a good person. B) No one dares to give a good review of his mind, but everyone praises his heart. B) When work is pleasure, life is good.

D) Proverbs and songs are always short, but whole books’ worth of intelligence and feelings are put into them.

2.57. In IBS with several subordinate clauses, indicate the adverbial clause: A)...how much time had to be spent and endured in trifles,... B)...until such a winged hour finally comes,... C)...when we don’t need any techniques and methods, ... G) ... to stay in the air yourself. 2.58. In IPS with several subordinate clauses, indicate the adverbial clause of the purpose:No one knew better than Ivan Ivanovich how much time needed to be spent and endured in trifles, until such a winged hour finally comes when we don’t need any tricks or methods to stay in the air ourselves. A)...how much time had to be spent and endured in trifles,... B)... such a winged hour will finally not come,... C)...when we don’t need any tricks and methods. .. G)... to stay in the air yourself. 2.59. In IPS with several subordinate clauses, indicate the explanatory clause (additional)No one knew better than Ivan Ivanovich how much time needed to be spent and endured in trifles, until such a winged hour finally comes when we don’t need any tricks or methods to stay in the air ourselves. A)...how much time had to be spent and endured in trifles,... B)... such a winged hour will finally not come,... C)...when we don’t need any tricks and methods. .. G)... to stay in the air yourself. 2.60. In IBS with several clauses, indicate the clause:No one knew better than Ivan Ivanovich how much time needed to be spent and endured in trifles, until such a winged hour finally comes when we don’t need any tricks or methods to stay in the air ourselves. A)...how much time had to be spent and endured in trifles,... B)... such a winged hour will finally not come,... C)... when we don’t need any tricks and methods. .. D) ... to stay in the air yourself. 2.61. Indicate SPPs in which the main and subordinate clauses are connected by a conjunctive word. 1.When the sun rises over the meadows, I involuntarily smile with joy. 2. Clouds descended over the valley where we were driving. 3. The frosty air burned so much that it was difficult to breathe. 4.Have you guessed, my reader, with whom the valiant Ruslan fought? A) 1,2,3,4; B) 2,3,4; B) 2.4; D) 3.4. 2.62. Indicate SPPs in which the main and subordinate clauses are connected by a conjunction. 1. He who sowed also reaped. 2. The air only trembled occasionally, like water trembles, disturbed by the fall of a branch. 3.Write when you arrive. 4. In the house opposite, the music died down.

A) 1,2,3,4; B) 1,2,3; B) 3.4; D) 2.3.

2.63. In which SPP is italicized?The main thing offer?j) I realized very early that a person is created by his resistance to the environment. B) Again I visited that corner of the earth, where I spent two unnoticed years as an exile. B) She carried herself with such dignity, that I felt the need to stand up in front of herappearance. D) In the forest you need to act like this, so that confusion never comes to you.2.64. In which SPP is italicized?subordinate clause offer? A) In the forest you have to act like this: so that confusion never comes to you. B) I want to tell you How beautiful is the meadow blooming in the morning. B) The water in the lake sparkled so brightly that it hurt my eyes. D) If I had a hundred lives, they would not satisfy all the thirst for knowledge.2.65. In which SPP is italicized?The main thing offer? A) Everything seemed to me that it is no accident that the cart stands among these hot fields. B) I knew, that in the morning the mother will go to the field to reap rye. B) If the weather is nice, Let's go for a walk. G) When there is no agreement among comrades, things won't go well for them. 2.66. Indicate in which WBS the part in italics issubordinate clause proposal. A) Since the area was very swampy, I had to urgently start drying it. B) To every person in order to act, You must consider your activities important and good. B) To be a musician, So skill is needed. G) In the evening the guests left, because there was no room to fit in the house. 2.67. Indicate in which WBS the part in italics ismain m offer. A) We'll probably get along, if we sit next to each other. B) Savelich gradually calmed down, although he still occasionally grumbled to himself. B) Even though it was cold, the snow on his collar was melting quite noticeably. G) No matter how hard we tried that day to get to most high mountain, we failed to do this. 2.68. In which SPP are the parts in italics considered grammatical stems? A) In the forest we need to act so that confusion never came to you. B) I want tell me how beautiful he is flowering in the morning meadow. . B) Water In the lake glittered so bright that my eyes it was painful. D) If I have hundred lives, they didn't satiate would be all thirst knowledge. 2 .69. In which SPP are the parts in italics considered grammatical stems? A) Everything to me it seemed that it's not without reason stands among these hot ones fields. B) I knew, what in the morning mother will go reap rye in the field. B) If there is The weather is good, let's go for a walk. D) When in comrades no agreement on track their business won't work. 2.70. In which SPP are the parts in italics considered grammatical stems? A) Since the site turned out to be strongly swampy, had to urgently start drying his. B) Psha tea in the kindergarten, where mignonette, gillyflower, and tobacco were blooming. B) The first time I noticed What the orioles are singing in different ways.

D) For now the children were sleeping, the sun invisible beyond the horizon changed clothes in morning clothes.

2.71. In which SPP are the parts in italics considered grammatical stems? A) We, that's right, really we'll get along since it's nearby Let's sit down. B) Savelich little by little I calmed down, Although All still occasionally grumbled About myself. B) Even though it was cold, snow on collar melted quite noticeably. D) Whatever we tried on this day reach the highest mountain, us do it failed.2.72. In which SPP are the parts in italics considered grammatical stems?A) I realized very early What creates a person its resistance to the environment. B) Me again visited That corner lands where I have spent an exile for two years unnoticed. B) She held on with such dignity that I felt need to get up when she appears. D) In the forest we need to act so that confusion never didn't come to you. 2.73. In which NGN the means of communication is the union? A) One could say that Chekhov encourages us to see the world and ourselves with elegiac reflection on the past. B) Call your commanders and ask them what they will say. B) Without waiting for the conversation to end, I returned home. D) This is the house where I live. 2.74. In which NGN is the connective word used as a means of communication? A) Suddenly the wind blew with such force that it almost snatched Yegorushka’s bundle and matting away... B) The fragments of rock lie here so densely, as if someone had deliberately pushed them towards each other. B) I should go to sleep so that my hand doesn’t tremble tomorrow. D) The sun was already illuminating the tops of the linden trees, which had already turned yellow under the fresh breath of autumn. 2.75. Determine the type of subordination in IBS with several subordinate clauses.At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater. (N. Gogol) A) heterogeneous subordination; B) consistent submission; B) homogeneous subordination; D) another option.

COMPLEX SENTENCES.

Second level tasks.

2.76. Indicate the NGN in which the subordinate clause is not marked as occupied. A) The sun was still warming the tops of the pine trees when we reached the place. B) And it’s fun for me to think that the poet will understand me. B) My son and I sat on the floor and, looking at each other in bewilderment, wondered where the hedgehog had gone. D) The forest, whose huge trees closed at the top and did not allow the sun's rays to pass through, stretched for many kilometers. 2.77. Indicate the CPP in which the subordinate clause is not separated by commas. A) Explain to me what your request is, and maybe I can help you. B) I heard frost shooting in the taiga, scaring the wolves. B) In the morning, the east turned a little red, the tractors were already in the field.

D") From the cradle of humanity and as long as it exists, music will exist.

2.78. Indicate the CPP in which the subordinate clause is not separated by commas. A) The days continued to be as hot and bright as they can be only in the south. B) I didn’t forget to notice where our horses were placed. B) To wait for such an evening you had to live a hundred years. D) The word only has the proper effect when it is expressed passionately and imbued with conviction.

(. _.). , [ . ____. [. ]. , (. ____. _. ]. , (.).). , (.). ____. (When), , (to). [Ch.], (How), (what). When he drove up to the backyard, Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him. (Chekhov). I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle had fallen off. (Paustovsky). Arrange the signs, do your own parsing of the sentence. (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) expository, 2) expository, with sequential subordination of the subordinate clauses). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) circumstance. places, 2) obst. goals, with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses). Option II. I option. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? When? For what? What? For what?

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Complex sentence

“Subordinate connection” - It was raining. A cold, piercing wind blew, and clouds soon filled the sky. Adjacency. Write down a subordinating phrase with the connection CONNECTION. We are looking for unchangeable words or forms of words. If we change the main word, the dependent word changes. What in the sentence is not a subordinating phrase? Rain and snow.

“SPP with subordinate clauses” - What? Good luck in your studies! Which? Write down the sentence, arrange it. etc., determine the type of subordination, the meaning of subordinate clauses. Serial Parallel Homogeneous. Spp with several subordinate clauses. Main. Types of subordination in SPP with several subordinate clauses. Subordinate clause. I thought that the sky would collapse, that a tornado would fly in from somewhere.

“Punctuation marks in complex sentences” - Savelich. Forests near Moscow. Old man. Stars. Night. Boat. Complex sentences. Weather. The hour before night. Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

“Complex sentences” - I learned (I didn’t learn anything, repeated, consolidated...) ... Refer to the entire main sentence. Compared to what? Vocabulary dictation (self-test). Gerasim grew...mute and mighty, like a tree...growing on fertile soil... 4) The fairy tale is inhabited by all kinds of living creatures. Mode of action Conditions Mode of action Reasons Definitive Goals Comparative.

“Complex sentence lesson” - Complex sentences. Lexico-spelling work. Objective of the lesson: Worldview Ideology President Presidium. A terrible danger of destructive invasions looms over Russia, and the author of the Lay calls for the unity of all Russian princes. Questions for the class: By what signs can you determine that a sentence is complex?

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Slide captions:

The boys, silent, looked after the truck until it drove away beyond the intersection, until the dust it raised dissipated, until it itself became a cloud of dust. ↓ (yet), (yet), (yet) Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause. They answer the same question - until when? Each subordinate clause is associated with the main conjunction while. Conclusion: these are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

My father told me that he had never seen such grain and that this year’s harvest was excellent. : (that) and (that) Subordinate clauses refer to one word (the predicate said) in the main clause. They answer the same question - what? Each subordinate clause is connected with the main conjunction that. Subordinate clauses are connected to each other by the connecting conjunction and. Conclusion: these are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

Note: If homogeneous subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause by the same conjunction, then this conjunction may be omitted in one or more subordinate clauses (but the conjunction is easy to restore). Shatsky saw how the last boat returned to the ship and the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled it up on hoists. In this case, there is no comma before the second subordinate clause.

While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them, and how they found themselves surrounded, and how the detachment managed to break through to their own. For repeated coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses.

As he drove up to the backyard, Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him. ↓ ↓ (when) (to) Subordinate clauses relate to the same main clause, but answer different questions - when? and for what? . These are different types of clauses: when he drove up to the backyard - clause of time; to take a better look at it - a subordinate clause of purpose. Conclusion: this is a complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination.

I asked him why he went so far from the base and said that I was worried about him. [Ch. ch.] ↓ ↓ (why) (what) Subordinate clauses refer to different words within the main sentence: the first subordinate clause is to the predicate asked, the second subordinate clause is to the predicate said. Conclusion: these subordinate clauses are heterogeneous (parallel).

I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle had fallen off. , (like what). Conclusion: this is a complex sentence with sequential subordination.

The maid was an orphan who, in order to feed herself, had to enter service. , (which, (to...), ...). With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may appear inside another subordinate clause. In this case, at the junction of subordinate clauses, two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word may appear next to each other.

A comma is not placed at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions (or a conjunction and a conjunction word) if the second subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the entire complex sentence (in this case, what follows is the second part of the double conjunction - then, so, but). I bet that if you give this to the Duke, he will stay here for three more days. , (what (if...), then...).

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three main groups: with homogeneous, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential subordination.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination:

all subordinate clauses refer to the same main sentence or to the same word in the main sentence (if the subordinate clauses do not extend the entire main sentence, but one of its words);

subordinate clauses answer the same question, that is, they are subordinate clauses of the same type;

subordinate clauses are connected with each other using coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (with the meaning of enumeration), just as homogeneous members are connected with each other.

The boys, quiet, looked after the truck, / 1 until he drove past the intersection, / 2 until the dust he raised cleared away, / 3 until he himself became a cloud of dust/ 4 (Zhukhovitsky).

1 , (Bye- conjunction) 2, ( Bye- conjunction) 3 , ( Bye- union 4.

Complex sentence; consists of four simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause and answer the same question - until when? Each subordinate clause is associated with the main conjunction while. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

The vertical scheme (a scheme that reflects not the arrangement of simple sentences within a complex one, but their dependence) will be as follows:

1
↓
(Bye- conjunction) 2, ( Bye- conjunction) 3 , ( Bye- union) 4

My father told me / 1 that he had never seen such bread / 2 And / that this year's harvest is excellent/ 3 (Aksakov).

[ch.] 1, ( What- conjunction) 2 and ( What- conjunction) 3 .

Complex sentence; consists of three simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are additional clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one word (predicate said, expressed by a verb) in the main sentence, answer the same question - what? Each subordinate clause is connected with the main conjunction that. Subordinate clauses are connected to each other by the connecting conjunction and. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.

The vertical diagram of a complex sentence will be as follows:

1
↓
(What- union) 2 And (What- union) 3

Note!

1) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause by the same conjunction, then this conjunction may be omitted in one or more subordinate clauses (but the conjunction is easy to restore).

Wed: Shatsky saw/ 1 /2 and / the sailors spent a long time, interfering with each other, pulling it up on hoists/ 3 (Paustovsky). - Shatsky saw/ 1 how the last boat returned to the ship/2 and / how the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled it up on hoists / 3 .

2) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting or disjunctive conjunction (and, yes in the meaning of “and”, or, or), then a comma is not placed between the subordinate clauses.

my father said me that he has never seen such bread and that this year’s harvest is excellent(Aksakov); He emphatically stated that we must get out of his house immediately or he will call the police(Grigoriev) - the conjunction that before the second subordinate clause is omitted, but can be restored ( He emphatically stated that we must get out of his house immediately or that he would call the police).

3) For repeated coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses.

While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them, and how they found themselves surrounded, and as a squad managed to get through to their own.

4) The conjunctions whether... or are considered to be repeated (in this case or can be replaced by whether), and homogeneous clauses connected by these conjunctions are separated by a comma.

Wed: It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or was about to rise moon(Chekhov). - It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, whether the moon was about to rise.

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:

all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause;

subordinate clauses answer different questions, that is, they are different types of subordinate clauses.

Subordinate clauses that have the same meaning but refer to different words in the common main clause will also be heterogeneous (parallel).

/ 1 Yegorushka strained his vision, / 2 / 3 (Chekhov).

(When- conjunction) 1 , 2 , ( to- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The second sentence is main, the first and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses relate to the same main clause, but answer different questions (cf.: [When?] As he pulled into the backyard, / 1 / 2 ; Yegorushka strained his vision[why?], / 2 to get a better look at it/ 3). These are different types of clauses: when he pulled up to the backyard- subordinate tense; to get a better look at it- subordinate clause of purpose.

2
↓ ↓
(When- union) 1 ( to- union) 3

It is necessary to take into account Wednesday, / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2 / 3 (Mayakovsky).

[noun] 1, ( wherein- union. next) 2 , ( to- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, but the first subordinate clause (second simple clause) refers to one word - environment, expressed by a noun; the second subordinate clause (third simple clause) refers to the entire main clause. Subordinate clauses answer different questions (cf.: It is necessary to take into account Wednesday [which one?], / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2; The environment must be taken into account[why?], / 1 so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance / 3). These are different types of clauses: wherein a poetic work develops- subordinate clause; so that a word alien to this environment does not appear accidentally- subordinate clause of purpose.

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[noun ] 1
↓ ↓
(wherein- union. next) 2 ( to- union) 3

I asked his, / 1 Why he has gone so far from fanzia, / 2 And said, / 1 that you were worried about him/ 3 (Arsenyev).

[ ch., ( Why- union. next) 2, ch.] 1, ( What- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses relate to one main clause and answer questions of indirect cases (cf.: I asked his[about what?], / 1 Why he's gone so far from fanzia / 2 ; I asked him and said [what?], / 1 that you were worried about him/ 3). These are the same types of clauses - additional clauses. But these subordinate clauses refer to different words within the main sentence: the first subordinate clause (second simple sentence) refers to the predicate asked expressed by a verb; the second subordinate clause (third simple sentence) refers to the predicate said, also expressed by a verb. Therefore, these subordinate clauses are heterogeneous (parallel).

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[Ch. ch.] 1
↓ ↓
(Why- union. next) 2 ( What- union) 3

3. In complex sentences with sequential subordination the main clause is subordinated to one subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), and this subordinate clause is subordinated to another subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree), etc. Thus, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree is the main clause for the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree, etc.

I heard, / 1 how Gaidar cleaned the pot with sand and scolded his for that, / 2 that his pen fell off/ 3 (Paustovsky).

[ch.] 1, ( How- union ch. + uk. next) 2 , ( What- conjunction) 3 .

A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause of the first degree (second simple sentence) refers to the first (main) sentence, namely to the predicate heard expressed by a verb; a subordinate clause of the second degree (third simple sentence) refers to a subordinate clause of the first degree (second simple sentence), namely, to the predicate scolded expressed by a verb.

The vertical diagram of the proposal will be as follows:

[ch.] 1
↓
(How- union ch. + uk. next) 2
↓
(What- union) 3

Note!

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may appear inside another subordinate clause. At the same time, at the junction of these subordinate clauses, two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word may appear next to each other.

The maid was an orphan,/ 1 which , / 2 to feed, / 3 should have entered the service / 2 (L. Tolstoy).

[noun ] 1, (which is a conjunction, 2 (so that is a conjunction...), 3...) 2.

[noun ] 1
↓
(which- union. next) 2
↓
(to- union) 3

Nearby are the conjunction word which and the conjunction so. They refer to different subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree - who was supposed to enter service; subordinate clause of the 2nd degree - to feed. A subordinate clause of the 2nd degree is located inside a subordinate clause of the 1st degree, and a subordinate clause of the 2nd degree can be removed from a complex sentence without damage or placed after a subordinate clause of the 1st degree, cf.: The maid was an orphan who had to enter service; The maid was an orphan who had to enter service in order to feed. There is a comma between the conjunction word which and the conjunction so, which belong to different subordinate clauses.

Thus, when two subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word) meet, comma between them is put, if the removal of the second subordinate clause does not require the restructuring of the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double conjunction does not follow - then, so, but).

Comma at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions (or a conjunction and a conjunctive word) not placed in the event that the second subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the entire complex sentence (in this case, what follows is the second part of the double conjunction - then, so, but).

I'm holding bet, / 1 what / 2 / 3 That/ 2 (Leskov).

[noun ] 1 , ( What- union 2 ( If- union...), 3 then...) 2 .

[noun ] 1
↓
(What- union) 2
↓
(if... then- union) 3

The main clause in this sentence is: I bet/ 1, as well as two successively connected subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree: something... he'll stay here for three more days/ 2, inside which there is a subordinate clause of the second degree: if you give this to the Duke/ 3 (cf.: I bet that... then he will stay here for three more days; he will stay here for three more days if you give this to the Duke). At the junction of subordinate clauses of the 1st degree and the 2nd degree there are two subordinating conjunctions what and if. However, a comma is not placed between them, since it is impossible to remove a subordinate clause of the second degree without changing the subordinate clause of the first degree, cf.: I bet, / 1 that he will stay here for three more days/ 2 . This is prevented by the second part of the double conditional conjunction if...then, which is in the main clause for the conditional clause - the subordinate clause of the first degree: he will stay here for three more days. If this second part (then) is removed, then at the junction of the conjunctions what and if it will be necessary to put a comma, cf.: I bet/ 1 what , / 2 if you give this to the Duke, / 3 he will stay here for three more days / 2 .

In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses it is possible combinations of connections: there can be both homogeneous and consistent subordination; parallel and serial, etc. Therefore, when analyzing and arranging punctuation marks, one should not strive to immediately draw up a general diagram or immediately place punctuation marks.

The following analysis algorithm seems to be the most optimal:

Establish the total number of simple sentences in a complex sentence, highlighting all grammatical bases.
Highlight all subordinating means of communication (subordinating conjunctions and allied words); Based on this, establish the main clause and subordinate clauses.
For each subordinate clause, establish the main clause, that is, break the complex sentence into pairs: main - subordinate clause.
Construct a vertical diagram of a complex sentence, and on this basis determine the nature of the subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential subordination).
Build a horizontal diagram and place punctuation marks on this basis.

The bet is that if your master stays here for three days, then without any excuses you must carry out what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order you give me.(Leskov).

This complex sentence contains 7 simple sentences:

Bet is that / 1 what / 2 if your lord stays here for three days / 3 then you have no excuses must fulfill That / 2 What I will tell you/ 4 a / if he doesn't stay / 5 then I will fulfill any order / 6 which will you give it to me/ 7 (Leskov).

1) bet is that;
2) something... you without any excuses must fulfill That ;
3) if your master stays here for three days;
4) What I will tell you ;
5) if he doesn't stay;
6) then I will fulfill any order;
7) which you will give it to me.

First sentence ( the bet is) is the main thing, the rest are subordinate clauses. The question is raised only by the sixth simple sentence ( then I will fulfill any order ).

This complex sentence can be divided into the following pairs of complex sentences:

1→2: bet is that, something... you without any excuses must fulfill That ;
2→3: you without any excuses must fulfill That if your lord stays here for three days;
2→4: you without any excuses must fulfill That what will I tell you;
6→5: I will fulfill any order if he doesn't stay;
6→7: I will fulfill any order, which you will give it to me.

It is still difficult to determine what type of sentence the sixth sentence belongs to. In this case, you should pay attention to the coordinating conjunction a. A coordinating conjunction, unlike a subordinating conjunction, in a complex sentence consisting of three or more simple sentences may not appear before the sentence to which it refers. Therefore, it is necessary to find out which simple sentences are connected by this adversative conjunction. To do this, you need to remove all simple sentences, leaving only those that contain opposition. These are sentences 2 and 6, cf.: you without any excuses must fulfill then, and I will carry out any order. But sentence 2 is a subordinate clause. Therefore, sentence 6, connected to sentence 2 by a coordinating conjunction, must also be a subordinate clause. This can be checked by inserting the same conjunction that sentence 2 has, and connecting sentence 6 with the same main one on which sentence 2 depends, cf.: bet thing is I will carry out any order. This means that sentences 2 and 6 are homogeneous subordinate clauses, only the conjunction that in sentence 6 is omitted (1→6).

Based on the data obtained, we can construct a vertical diagram of this complex sentence:

[Ch. + uk. next] 1
↓
(What- union ch. + uk. next) 2, and (- noun + adjective) 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
(if... then- conjunction) 3 ( What- union. next) 4 ( if... then- union) 5 ( which- union. next) 7

Thus, this sentence is complex, in which the subordinate clauses are connected homogeneously (sentences 2 and 6), in parallel (sentences 3 and 4, sentences 5 and 7), and also sequentially (sentences 2 and 3; 2 and 4, 6 and 5, 6 and 7).

To place punctuation marks, it is necessary to mark the boundaries of simple sentences, paying special attention to the possible combination of several conjunctions at the border of sentences, and also to construct a horizontal sentence diagram.

[Ch. + uk. next] 1 , ( What- union ( If- conjunction) 3, That Ch. + uk. next) 2 , ( What- conjunction next) 4, A (If- conjunction) 5, ( That noun + uk. next) 6 , ( which- union. next) 7 .

In this sentence there is a combination of subordinating conjunctions at the junction of sentences 2 and 3 (what if). In addition, the coordinating conjunction a, which refers to sentence 6, comes before sentence 5, forming a combination of conjunctions with the subordinating conjunction if (and if). According to the general rules, they should be separated by commas, but then follows the second part of the double conjunction if... then. It is this second part of the conjunction that does not make it possible to remove conditional clauses without changing the structure of the sentences as a whole, cf.: The bet is that... you must do this without any excuses; otherwise... then I will carry out any order. That is why a comma is not placed at the junction of these conjunctions.

So, the punctuation marks in the sentence should be arranged as follows:

The bet is that if your master stays here for three days, then without any excuses you must do what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order you give me (Leskov).

Plan for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Indicate the type of complex sentence (complex sentence).
Name the main clause and subordinate clauses (highlight grammatical bases).
Indicate how subordinate clauses are related to the main clause (sequential, parallel, homogeneous subordination).
Parse each subordinate clause according to plan.
Construct vertical and horizontal sentence diagrams.

Sample parsing

Participates in the adventures of Baron Munchausen runner, / 1 which, / 2 so as not to run too fast, / 3 ties pound weights to his feet/ 2 (Soloukhin).

The sentence is complex; consists of three parts; sentence 1 - main; sentences 2 and 3 are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are connected to the main clause sequentially.

The subordinate clause of the first degree (sentence 2) refers to the main one (sentence 1). This is a subordinate clause; it refers to the subject runner expressed by a noun, a means of communication is a conjunctive word which; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

The second degree clause (sentence 3) refers to the first degree clause (sentence 2). This is a clause of purpose; it relates to everything important, the means of communication is the union to; the subordinate clause stands in the middle of the main clause.

[noun] 1
def. ↓
(which- union. next) 2
goals ↓
(to- union) 3

[noun] 1 , ( which- union. words, ( to- conjunction) 3 ,) 2 .
def. goals