When the particle not is written. Integrated and separate spelling of particles not and not with different parts of speech

The particle is used mainly for reinforcement (sometimes to convey a negative meaning) and is usually written separately.

The particle ni is used in negative sentences to strengthen the negation. For example: Neither the moon nor the stars are visible. A predicate with negation can only be implied: Not a soul on the street.
The particle is used to strengthen the statement in concessive phrases no matter who, where, no matter how many times, etc. For example: Wherever I look, the grass is green everywhere (in the sense of “everywhere” everywhere).

Notes 1.0t of these phrases it is necessary to distinguish independent exclamatory sentences with the words only not: What did he not read\ 2. In sentences that are similar in construction, the particle does not differ from the particle in meaning. For example: Whoever met him was surprised at his erudition - Whoever did not meet him did not know about his erudition. 3. The particles differ in meaning and not in revolutions from anyone other than - no one else... . For example: It was none other than Ivanov who completed this work (with the predicate there was no negation) - No one else could do this work (with the predicate there was no negation).

The particle is used in stable expressions with the meaning of uncertainty: neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat, neither stand nor sit, etc.
The particle is always written separately, except in the following cases:

a) in negative pronouns without prepositions: no one, nothing (if the emphasis falls on the particle, then it is written not: someone, something); cf.: from no one, in nothing;
b) in negative adverbs: nowhere, never, nowhere, from nowhere, not at all, etc.
Exercise 443. Read and explain the continuous spelling of the particle not in the highlighted words.
1. Lisa knew what hatred existed between their fathers (P.). 2. But they say you are unsociable: in the wilderness, in the village, everything is boring for you (P.). 3. The main thing for her was to get rid of the hated marriage (P.). 4. I will leave Rome forever: I hate slavery (P.). 5. A neighbor wandered in to me, unexpectedly catching his soul in a tragedy in the corner (P.). 6. To the east it adjoins wild, uninhabited places, an impassable swamp (P.). 7. I visited Perovsky, who showed me unfinished paintings by Bryullov (P.). 8. The young man felt completely incapable of civilian service (P.). 9. Small aspens conquer even the grass and grow, no matter what (Prishv.).
Exercise 444. Copy by opening the brackets. Do not write the particle together or separately.

If I meet with a (not) friend, I enter into battle with him, (not) looking at his superiority (Step.). 2. (Not) I’m (not) happy with my friend, but with his brother: he offended me. 3. I have it. . . your homeland, your native air, friends and (not) friends (Gonch.). 4. He said bitterly: “You are (not) my friend anymore!” 5. The (un)favorable situation also affected the patient’s health. 6. My opinion was accepted by officials with obvious (dis) favor (P.). 7. After this night, it was as if I had died for a long time: these were years of (not) being (Gladk.).

He pestered the impostor not out of (lack of) politeness and gullibility (P.).
He was noticeably distinguished from those around him by his (in)politeness, and above all by his natural intelligence and quick wit. 10. (There was no) fame, everything was already clear to me (Ch.). I. She took (in)sincerity, evasiveness and double-mindedness as a personal insult (Gladk.). 12. She was won over (not) by the girl’s sincerity, but by the fact that she (wasn’t) usually kind and affectionate. 13. Convinced of the (un)benefits of a wandering life, Morgach returned himself (T.). 14. (Not) luck or, as we say, (not) my task continued... (T.). 15. The end of the war in Korea was a serious (not) success for the instigators of the war (Ehrenb.).

Exercise 4-4-5. Rewrite, opening the parentheses. Do not write the particles together or separately. Explain the spelling.
1. The morgach is an experienced person, on his own mind, (not) evil and (not) kind, but more calculating (T.). 2. Asya received a strange, (not) ordinary upbringing, (not) having (no) anything in common with the upbringing of Gagin (T.) himself. 3. Lukerya told her story almost cheerfully, (not) complaining and (not) asking for participation (T.). 4. Days and nights the (not) strong, but (not) free wind scoured (M.G.). 5. Dunyash’s (not) strong but transparent voice sounded (not) exhausted (M.G.). 6. The pain in the cheek was (not) severe, but spread throughout the whole body (M. G.). 7. A sharp-nosed man huddled in the corner of the sofa, (not) interesting in any way (M.G.). 8. Misha copied (not) quickly, but clearly, without mistakes (M. G.). 9. Samghin (not) shook pleasantly, he (didn’t) get enough sleep and was (not) happy with the trip (M.G.). 10. It was a man (not) over forty years old (M.G.).

Everything was powdered with a kind of (not) visible, but caustic dust (M.G.).
His eyes looked straight, (not) moving, (not) blinking (M.G.). 13. The little woman screamed joyfully, but (not) loudly (M.G.). 14. Palmate leaves were falling from the chestnut trees, but the wind was almost (not) noticeable (M.G.). 15. Everything was (not) big, but there were a lot of fish in it.

Exercise 446. Rewrite by opening the brackets and inserting the letters e or i instead of dots.

In his barn there was (n...) some rubbish that (n...) needed. 2. He went to his room and fell asleep like a (n...) guilty child (Ch.). 3. Sonya felt exhausted, (n...) what (n...) was she capable of - at least cry! (Kettle.). 4. Everyone saw that this was a man completely (p...) capable of being a scientist. 5. Surkov frowned with annoyance, (n...) annoyed that the spa was talking for so long (Fad.). 6. They rejected him like a chelsiek, (p...) for what job (n...) fit (T.).

He was completely (n...) obedient in his requirements for the car and after a three-hour test how (. .) what (n...) happened

started everything over again. 8. This guy was far (n...) cowardly, but also (n...) brave. 9. Our conversation will seem to you (n...) interesting.
Exercise 447 Rewrite, opening the brackets. *
1. Am I really dearer to the sky than everyone (not) noticed by you? (L.). 2. (No sooner had one mystery of death, remaining (un) solved, been completed before his eyes than another one arose (L.T.). 3. There was a cold cover of (not) sunlit dew on everything (L.T.). 4. Everything was clothed in silence (not) indignant, which (not) was awakened even by the echoes of aerial singers that barely reached the ear, disappearing in space (Ch.). 5. Over the (not) dried chalk capes of the mountain, the ringing began to roll (Shol.). 6. Among the gray, not yet dressed trees, the bird cherry was green (Prishv.). 7. And he [Metelitsa] walked forward faster and more freely with a light, animal step (not) gravitating towards the ground (Fad.). 8. It turned out to be a rare mineral that has not yet been studied by anyone. 9. It’s unlikely that you should have relied on (un)studied material. 10. The young man sadly looked around the bare walls of the (not) yet cleaned room. I. The hay lay (not) harvested. 12. Scientists had to work a lot on the yet (un) solved mystery of this cave. 13. Long (not) silent applause thundered in the hall.

From the (non) ceasing crackle of wood and the muttering of engines, one could conclude what a lot of iron was placed there for the night (Leon.).

Exercise 448. Rewrite, opening the brackets. Underline participles with one line, adjectives with two.

A photograph that is (not) perfect in execution. 2. An act he planned, but (not) completed. 3. The child came into (not) described delight. 4. Everyone was interested in the (not) described operation. 5. A diamond (not) appraised by a jeweler. 6. Children are an (under)appreciated treasure. 7. The (un)heard and (un)seen flowering of science in the world. 8. Material (not) suitable for us in quality. 9. The train (not) approaching the station. 10. (Not) defined by sound.

(Not) determined to work. 12. An (un)considered act for an adult. 13. (Not) a seriously considered act. 14. (Not) a report prepared by a friend. 15. A (not) prepared student in the Russian language. 16. (Not) having time to visit everyone. 17. A (not) successful student in the Russian language. 18. A comrade who is (not) able to stand up to an argument. 19. A child (not) kept in quarantine. 20. (Not) a person of limited means. 21. A project (not) limited by material costs. 22. The pressure of the fighters, (not) restrained by the enemy. 23. (Not) restrained in relations with comrades. 24. A person who is completely (not) educated and (not) brought up in dealing with others.

1. Stepping into life, we quickly parted ways: but (not) by chance on a country road we met and embraced brotherly (P.). 2. We have said quite a bit about Walter Scott and his novels, randomly and (in)accidentally (P.). 3. “I would say a word, but the wolf is (not) far away,” said Gavrila Afanasyevich (P.), frowning. 4. Burdening historical characters with fictitious details is both (not) wise and (not) generous (P.). 5. Where will my prankster ride? Who will he start with? It’s all the same: it’s (not) difficult to keep up everywhere (P.). 6. (It’s not) good to be considered (not) a nerd; it’s (not) nice to seem like an upstart (P.). 7. (It is not) seen to eat only bread without seasoning (Ehrenb.). 8. Illustrating a poet like Pushkin is not at all easy (Kramskoy). 9. Andrey grew up (not) far from the sea (Erenb.). 10. Life was (not) easy for him, but he (not) was discouraged.
Exercise 450. Rewrite by opening the brackets and inserting the particles not or neither.
1. He lived as if (. . .) whom he (. . .) noticed around him and (. . .) whom (. . .) needed (T.). 2. Vasilisa Egorovna kept her promise and (...) to whom (...) she said (...) one word, except... the priest (P.). 3. (. . .) whom you know so (. . .) as yourself (P.).

(. . .) who (. . .) will give us these books. 5. There lived (...) who was Mr. Dolgov with his wife and daughter Nadya (N.). 6. I should be afraid and ashamed (...) of whom and (...) of what! (Gonch.). 7. Chub (. . .) feces (. . .) could forget Solokha’s treachery and, sleepy, (. . .) stopped scolding her (G.).

It seemed that from birth (. . .) I had been in such empty places: (. . .) where (. . .) a light flickered, (. . .) one could hear (. . .) what sound (T.).
In the forest, as (...) in what (...) happened, spring life continued (Prishv,).

Exercise 451. Rewrite by opening the brackets and inserting the particles not or neither.
1. (...) one (...) white leaf (P.) sways on the birch trees.

(. . .) for one hour (. . .) he had to stay at home (G.).
(. . .) since out of boredom he confided his dreams to me (L.). 4. All these days I (...) never deviated from my system (L.). 5. The guy (...) once told me about you (N. Ost.). 6. The old man (...) once in his life (...) scolded and (...) punished the children (Ch.). 7. So he reasoned (...) alone, of course (M. G.). 8. Klim pushed away these thoughts, thought through (...) a dozen times (M. G.). 9. I... (...) once (...) was at an artillery range (Ign.). 10. After a quarrel, friends met (. . .) once, but (. . .) never managed to have a heart-to-heart talk. And. (. . .) one of the fighters (. . .) started moving, although everyone knew that death (. . .) was avoidable.

Exercise 452. Write out 10 adjectives with a prefix from the spelling dictionary.
Exercise 453. Write out 5 words from the spelling dictionary - negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs with not and neither.
Exercise 454. Rewrite by opening the brackets and inserting the particle not or neither.
1. (...) the sweetness of pink rays, the forerunner of the morning Phoebus, (...) the gentle shine of the azure sky, (...) the smell wafting from the fields, (...) the quick flight of a zealous horse... - ( . .) that cheers the soul (Bat.). 2. In the wilderness (. . .) one could hear (. . .) the soul (P.). 3. But Kochubey is rich and proud (...) of long-maned horses, (...) gold, tribute from the Crimean hordes, (...) ancestral farmsteads (P.). 4. My despondency (. . .) which (. . .) torments, (. . .) worries, and my heart burns and loves again because (. . .) it (. . .) can love (P.) . 5. The houses are new, but the prejudices are old. Rejoice - (...) their years, (...) fashions, (...) fires will destroy (Gr.). 6. (...) there was a face on which (...) pleasure was expressed. . . (G.). 7. (. . .) the wind is raging over the forest, (. . .) streams are running from the mountains - Frost the governor is patrolling his domain (P.). 8. A person must work, work hard, no matter who he (...) is (Ch.).
Abolition 455. Rewrite by opening the brackets and inserting the particle not or neither.
1. It turned out that the “person” (. . .) is none other than a retired clerk (S.-Shch.). 2. The commander knew very well that (...) someone else (...) would be able to carry out his order better than these two soldiers. 3. (...) someone else, namely the father, brought these books. 4. (. . .) someone else and (. . .) could have brought them. 5. (. . .) what else (. . .) could influence him more than a friend’s letter. 6. Well-being consisted (...) in nothing other than calm order (Crumpled.). 7. It was (...) nothing more than a call from the institute.
Exercise 456. Rewrite, opening the brackets and highlighting the verbs with the prefix under-.
1. [Nedopyuskin-father] fought like a fish on ice, (didn’t) finish eating, (didn’t) get enough sleep (T.). 2. In the morning he (not) rarely jumped up (not) much later than usual, and therefore (didn’t) finish breakfast and (didn’t) finish his tea. 3. The proofreader (did not) notice the typo in the text. 4. (Not) only the man with the gun (Ch.) was enough. 5. The grandson had not yet reached the table, and the dishes were still safe with us. 6. There was always something (not) enough in his house (G.). 7. The milk is clearly (not) fermented. 8. Blood (Ch.) was oozing from the (not) cooked chickens. 9. On the lips, the verse begun (not) finished reading died down (P.). 10. The novel (not) read by father remained on the table. I. The fields are (not) finished, the crops are (not) sown, there is no trace of order (N.). 12. This section needs to be (not) finalized, but redone. 13. . . . He made an extra fifteen flights due to the quota (not) fulfilled yesterday (B. Pol.). 14. And the captive from a mountain height, alone behind a thunder cloud, waited for the return of the sun, (out of) reach of the thunderstorm (P.). 15. On the table is a thimble, a spool of thread, and a stocking (not) knitted by the old lady (Ch.). 16. Who is in a hurry to compress what is not yet (not) squeezed, who is in a hurry to mow what is not yet (not) mowed (Priv.).
Exercise 457. Rewrite the phrases using spelling rules other than participles and adjectives.
A person who is (not) tolerant of anyone. A far (un)tolerable inconvenience. Completely (in)tolerable behavior.
The (not) quenched enthusiasm of the builders. The (not) fading rise of creative energy in our country. A completely (not) extinguished thirst for knowledge. A number that is (not) factorable and (not) divisible by three.
Never (not) divisible (not) derived basis. Always an (un)winnable team. A team that is (un)beatable in a competition. Champion, never (never) defeated. (Non-silent) city noise day and night. The (not) silent sea surf. The (not) silent howl of the wind. (Not) water-permeable shell. (Not) a leg that bends at the knee. A completely (not) bendable leg. A will that cannot be bent by anything. (Not) imitated in the performance of this role. Objects (not) visible in the fog. Almost (in)distinguishable shades of colors. Products that are not (in)distinguishable in any way. (Not) audible whisper in the crowd. Almost (in)audible rustling. A stomping sound never (not) heard from afar. Through tears (not) visible to the world. Bacteria (not) visible to the naked eye. Completely (not) visible losses. Tears (not) visible to anyone. An irreplaceable loss. An item that is (not) replaceable when traveling. Completely (not) replaceable worker. An (impossible) task for a traveler. Multiplier (not) taken out of brackets. His (un)bearable selfishness for everyone. A disease that cannot be cured by any means. Not yet a curable disease. An almost (un)curable disease.
Exercise 458. Rewrite, rearranging the phrases so that participles and adjectives are used in short form as predicates.
These unloved items. Our invincible troops. Some sounds that are not pronounced in fast speech. Many foreign words that are not inflected in our language. Many herbs not used as medicines. Inseparable peace and happiness of children. A language inexhaustible in combining words. The foreign policy of the USSR, integral to the cause of world peace. Unacceptable proposals from capitalist powers. This kind of behavior is completely intolerable. Unbearable and intolerable toothache. These are still insurmountable difficulties. His personal opinion is completely independent. These forests are almost impenetrable. Such an irreparable mistake. Unfulfilled agreements of capitalist countries.

Exercise 459. Rewrite, opening the brackets. Underline adjectives with suffixes -im eat- with one line, and passive participles with two lines.
1. Dubrovsky thanked him [Troekurov] and remained poor and (not) dependent (P.). 2. Voltaire’s talent (will not) be repeated, (not) imitated (P.). 3. His honesty and incorruptibility were (not) overcome (G.).

All her orders had to be changed, since they were always (un)executable (L.T.). 5. [The ocean] is vast, gloomy, gloomy, boundless, (not) measurable and (not) tamed (Gonch.). 6. All familiarity with (not) acquaintances is (not) tolerated (Gonch.). 7. You (not) are permeable to me now... (Gonch.). 8. Turkevich was (not) exhausted in jokes and witticisms (Cor.). 9. I assure you, we will remain safe and (not) harmed (Ch.). 10. Yes, everyone tells me that I (not) tolerant (A. Ostr.). I. Everything seems possible, but complete happiness is (not) achievable (M. G.). 12. His memory reserve was (not) exhaustible (M.G.). 13. It seemed to him that war was no longer (not) conceivable for Austria (S.-Tsensk). 14. Uvalev was especially (not) tolerant of management employees (Leon.). 15. In a word, the luck characteristic of Lesha in all matters was in no way (in)comprehensible to my mind (Laur.). 16. The calmness of this man is completely (not) shaken (Cover.).. 17. The house was (not) replaceable for street battles (Cat.). 18. Chibirev was, as usual, (not) indignant (Cossack). 19. Noisily rejoicing at his luck, Matvey Yurgin was (not) recognizable (Bub.). 20. These forests were (not) separable from his thoughts... (Paust.). 21. The icy expanse of the strait was now (not) distinguishable (Already). 22. The sickle and the hammer, the earth and the ear of corn, and the star (Marsh.) are (not) separable. 23. Bacteria are (not) visible to the naked eye.

Human truth and beauty are eternal and (not) fading (Gladk.).
The patient's groans are almost (in)audible.

Today we will talk about literacy. Each of us sometimes sins by its absence. Due to certain circumstances, information is forgotten. But in some situations you need to explain the essence of your actions, especially when you are helping your child with homework. In order to clarify or refresh some vague points in memory, this article was written. Today we will look at when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. In order to simplify and speed up the process of perceiving “new”, well-forgotten information, the article will look more like a table than a coherent text. So let's get started.

Introduction to the question

There are many particles in the Russian language, and thanks to this, our language acquires high plasticity and some charm, but at the same time it becomes extremely difficult to learn and variable in the use of certain words. Because of this, certain incidents arise. For example, “the kettle takes a long time to cool down” and “the kettle takes a long time to cool down” are statements with the same meaning. Many foreigners are shocked by the phrase: “No, probably not.” In addition, the presence of double negatives sometimes makes translation from Russian very difficult.

Let's start simple

Therefore, even in such trifles as spelling particles, we have to be guided by certain rules. Usually these rules do not imply double interpretation and are quite simple. For example, the two most common rules in which mistakes are most often made:

The particles “would”, “whether”, “whether” are written separately, and also “here”, “as if”, “after all”, “they say” and others are written separately.
The second rule states that particles: “some-”, “some-”, “-that”, “-something”, “either-”, “-de”, “-ka”, “-so”, “-tko” ", "-tka" and "-s" are always written with a hyphen. As we can see, the rule itself is as simple as addition.

But there are such particles as “not” and “neither”, and, unfortunately, the younger generation, and sometimes some wise men in life, do not understand at all when it is written “not” and when “neither”. This is what the following table is for.

When to write "not" and when to write "neither"

First, let's look at the general concepts of spelling “not” and “nor”, and their place in a sentence. We'll look at the details a little later. For example, when “neither” is written in negative sentences.

Using "not" and "neither"

Not	Neither
1. In denial. I haven't been home for a long time	1. Use to strengthen negation. I don't know you or your friend
2. In independent interrogative and exclamatory sentences. Why not remember your friends more often? They wouldn't go anywhere	2. In the subordinate part of a sentence, to strengthen the statement. We couldn't do it no matter how hard we tried.
3. Used with indefinite, negative pronouns and negative adverbs, being under stress. There was no one to ask	3. With indefinite, negative pronouns and some adverbs in unstressed position, “ni” is always written in sentences. Never remember grievances

Using “not” and “nor” with different parts of speech

From the previous table we learned when “not” is written and when “neither” is written. Now it’s worth moving on to more specific cases, namely: how both particles are used with other parts of speech. First, let's consider in which case "neither" is written separately. According to generally accepted rules, this almost always happens. The exception is the case when “neither” is written in negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs without a preposition. For example: nothing, nobody, draw, etc. In the case of “not” everything is a little more complicated, and therefore for clarity we will use a table.

"Not" with different parts of speech

Part of speech	Together	Apart
Noun	1. If the noun is not used without "not" (loser). 2. If a word has a synonym without “not” (not true - lie)	1. In opposition (not rain, but sun). 2. In interrogative sentences in the “isn’t it true” construction
Adjective	1. If the adjective is not used without "not". 2. If there is a synonym without “not” (middle-aged - old). 3. If we contrast using the conjunction “but” (the apple is unsweetened, but juicy). 4. In short adjectives, when the full form is written together	1. If something is opposed through the conjunction “a” or when it is implied (not crooked, but tortuous). 2. With relative adjectives. 3. In short adjectives, when the full form is written separately
Numeral	Always written separately
Pronoun	In indefinite and negative pronouns without a preposition (something, someone)	With other pronouns
Verb	If does not exist without “not”, as well as in the prefix “under-”	With other verbs
Participle	If does not exist without "not", in the prefix "under-"	With other participles
Participle	If the full participle is without a dependent word (unverified person)	1. If there are dependent words next to the full participle. 2. If the participle is opposed (not a memorized verse, but only a read verse)
Adverb	1. If does not exist without "not". 2. In adverbs ending in -о, -е, if there is a synonym (unwise - stupid)	1. In adverbs ending in -o, -e, if there is opposition. 2. In adverbs starting with -o, -e in such phrases: not at all, not at all, far from, not at all. 3. If an adverb is written with a hyphen

Results

As we can see, the use of “not” and “nor” seems complicated only at first glance. Visually there are many rules, but in reality most of the statements are repeated for many parts of speech. Therefore, it is worth re-reading these rules more carefully and deducing for yourself a certain quintessence of when “not” is used and when “neither” is used, and feel free to enjoy literacy and life without mistakes.

First of all you need choose NOT or NEITHER. When you decide on the letter, you will need to decide whether to write the particle (or prefix) together or separately.

Together or separately

If you choose NOT, read. There are a lot of different rules, but using our algorithm, you can easily master them.
If you choose NI, everything is easier with continuous spelling. NI is written together with negative adverbs and negative pronouns without a preposition. In other cases, NI is written separately with words.

Now let's return to the choice of NOT or NEITHER.

NOT or NEITHER

The logic of reasoning could be as follows. The particle NI is used less frequently than NOT. Therefore, you can use the method of elimination: if not a single case of using Ni is suitable, write NOT. This means that you must memorize the uses of NI.

Cases of using the NI particle

1. NI in negative pronouns and negative adverbs.

In negative pronouns, the choice of NOT or NI depends on the stress. NOT written with an accent, NOR - without an accent.

Let us recall that NOT and NI in negative pronouns are written together without a preposition and separately with a preposition. A preposition breaks these words into three words.

No one I'm not proud. With no one will not go.

2. NI at steady speed.

Neither is included in the stable turnover. Try to learn these turns. Here is a list of these phrases from the reference book edited by Lopatin.

Combinations that are subordinate clauses in form:at all costs, no matter how you turn it, no matter how you throw it, no matter how you twist it, no matter where you throw it, no matter where it goes, no matter where it comes from, no matter what you say.
Combinations with initial single ni:not an aza, not a belmes, not my God, not a boom-boom, not in life, not in life, not in a tooth (foot), not in any way, in no way, in no case, not in one eye, not that's so much, at nothing (to bet), not a penny, not a gugu, not for a penny (perish, abyss), not for a sniff of tobacco (perish, abyss), not for anything, not a zgi, not a drop, not a penny, not a spear , not a crumb, not for anything, not to hell (not good), not for a hair, not for a penny, (who, what, which) not for a meal, not for an iota, not for a minute, not for a step, not for a foot, not under any circumstances, not to do with anything, not a word, not an inch, not a move, not with anything (to be left), not a damn thing, not a damn thing, not a step (exclamation), not a shisha.
Combinations with repeated ni:neither be nor me, nor more nor less, neither back nor forward, neither think nor guess, nor mother nor father, nor warehouse nor in harmony, neither yes nor no, neither give nor take, neither two nor one and a half, nor no bottom, no tire, no day, no night, no soul, no body, neither hot nor cold, neither alive nor dead, for nothing, for nothing, no skin, no face, no stake, no yard, no end, no edge, no village, no to the city, neither spoon nor bowl, neither less nor more, nor more nor less, neither moo nor calf, neither ours nor yours, no answer nor greeting, nor rest nor time, neither peahen nor crow, neither pass nor drive, nor fluff no feather, no fish, no meat, no matchmaker, no brother, no light, no dawn, no mood, no harmony, no hearing, no spirit, no sleep, no sleep, no reason to sit down, no reason, no reason, no no shame, no conscience, neither this way nor that, neither here nor there, neither this nor that, nor this nor that, neither this nor that, neither here nor there, neither here nor there, neither subtract nor add, neither mind nor heart, nor there was no ear, neither cold nor hot, neither shaky nor shaky; more detailed combinations of the same structure: neither a candle to God nor a poker to the devil, neither in the city of Bogdan nor in the village of Selifan, nor in a fairy tale to say, nor to describe with a pen.

3. NOR as part of a double union NOR..., NOR...

NI may be included in double union NI..., NI.... Such a union will connect homogeneous members if the sentence already has a negation. Compare: boy today Not sang and Not danced; neither sing and neither he's already dancing could not.

4. NI in subordinate clauses with a concessional meaning.

Constructions with NI and pronominal words can begin subordinate clauses with a concessive meaning. In order not to confuse the subordinate clause with another construction, pay attention to 2 points:

Who just Not I went to see this movie!(We are talking about those who went to the film, the particle has an affirmative meaning, but it is not in a subordinate clause, it is a simple sentence).

Who neither I went to see this film and everyone liked it.(The particle has an affirmative meaning; we are talking about those who went to see the film. The particle is in the subordinate clause. This is a subordinate clause of concession).

5. NI as a particle that enhances negation.

The particle NI is used to enhance negation.

Don't spill a drop. The sky is clear.

What to pay attention to

Although we use the method of elimination, remembering first of all the cases of using the particle NI, we still need to pay attention to some constructions with NOT.

1. Remember the spelling of phrases:

Nothing more than.

Nothing else but.

None other than.

No one else like.

2. The particle cannot also be part of stable combinations: not at all, hardly not, far from, almost, almost, not at all, not at all, not at all, isn’t it, almost, almost; no more than, no more than, no more and no less than, not so hot (how, what), not God knows (who, what, what, etc.), not in the arc, not in the spirit, not in the test, not in tune, not in harmony, not in moderation, not in the mood, not in the example, not in joy, not in oneself, not in strength, not counting, not a sin, God forbid, not to fat, not to laugh , not up to that, not good, not to the point, not to the place, not to the court, not to the rush, not for a joke, not to the address; not by days, but by hours; beyond my strength, beyond my capabilities, beyond my gut, not at my ease, at the wrong time, out of hand, out of luck, out of work, out of luck, etc.

3. The particle is NOT used in double negative constructions: I couldn’t help but agree (= agreed), I couldn’t help but go (= went).

entered the room none other than director. Nobody no one else could enter here. The first sentence uses the construction “no other than...”. In the second sentence there is no “how”, the pronoun is found according to the rule: without emphasis NI, without a preposition together.

He did not know neither rules neither formulas Double conjunction NI..., NI.... The sentence contains the negation “didn’t know.”

Got up neither light nor dawn. Not in stable terms.

We often encounter the problem of merging and separate writing of particles " Not" And " neither"with other words. The easiest rule to understand and remember here is that:

1. The particle “not” is written together with all words that are not used without “not”(fable, unsociable, ignorant, ridiculous, dislike, be perplexed, impossible, really). In other cases, writing " Not» is subject to the following rules.

2. With verbs and gerunds, the particle “not” is always written separately, except:

cases specified in the first rule;
prefixes are under-in verbs that mean “insufficient action” (undernourished, undercooked, underripe).

Note. Not to be confused with verbs with the prefix do- and the particle " Not”, denoting “unfinished action” (not finishing a book, not finishing a movie).

3. With nouns, the particle “not” is written together:

if for a word with “not” you can find a synonym without this particle (untruth - lie, foe - enemy). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.
when forming a word denoting persons with the meaning of opposition (professionals - non-professionals, Russian - non-Russian);

apart:

when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction a (not a friend, but an enemy, not happiness, but grief);
if a word with " Not" means not people (elephants are not elephants, a story is not a story, cold is not cold).

Note. Exceptions are words-terms that are written together: metals - non-metals.

4. With adjectives, the particle “not” is written together:

if you can replace the adjective with " Not" is a synonym without this particle (unmarried - single, unfriendly - hostile, short - low). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.

apart:

when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bitter, but sweet; not affectionate, but rude);
if the adjective is relative (the vase is not crystal, the chain is not silver) or qualitative, denoting color (the sea is not blue, the towel is not yellow);
(not a shortcut at all, far from useless advice);
if the particle " Not” is emphasized in an interrogative sentence (Isn’t this statement true? - Is this statement false?);
if the adjective is written with a hyphen (not commercial and industrial enterprises).

Note 1. Short adjectives are written with " Not”, just like the complete ones from which they are produced (incurable disease - the disease is incurable, the person is not smart, but stupid - the person is not smart, but stupid);

Note 2. If a short adjective does not have a full form, then it will always be written separately with the particle " Not"(he is not happy to meet).

5. With adverbs, the particle “not” is written together:

if the adverb ends in -o, and it can be replaced with a word similar in meaning (unhappy - sad, not high - low);
if the adverb is formed from a pronoun (nowhere, nowhere, no time, nowhere);

Apart:

when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bad, but good, not weak, but strong);
when strengthening negation with explanatory words such as “not at all”, “not at all”, “not at all”(not at all difficult to do, being nearby is far from accidental)
with adverbs in a comparative degree (to work no worse than others, to receive no more than others);
if the adverb is written with a hyphen (to act unfriendly, to dress unsuitably).

Note 1.“Not” with the following adverbs is written separately: not today, not at all, not like that, not otherwise, not quite, not here, not really.

Note 2."Not"

“is written separately with adverbial expressions: not good, not according to the gut, not in moderation, not in a hurry, not by hand, not to taste, not as an example.

6. With participles “not” is written together:

if the participle is complete and there are no words dependent on it (undried laundry, an unturned book, an unwashed floor)

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, “not” is written together with the participle: (an extremely rash decision, a completely inappropriate example, but: an example that is completely inappropriate to the rule)

apart:

if the participle is complete and has dependent words (These works remained unpublished during the writer’s lifetime);
with short participles (the debt is not paid, the fire is not lit);
when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not printed, but handwritten text, not a fictional, but a real story).

7. The particles “not” and “nor” with negative pronouns are written together(there is no one to ask, there is nothing to be surprised at, no one is forgotten) with everyone else separately (not me, not everyone, neither me nor you).

8. The particle “ni” is also written together with some adverbs(not at all, not at all, nowhere, not at all).

With all other parts of speech, the particle “ni” is written separately.

It would be difficult for us to refuse anything if it were not for the negative particle. As one of the most commonly used functional parts of speech, it helps us express our attitude to a given situation. We’ll talk about its role in the Russian language, as well as its varieties, in our article.

Particles

All parts of speech are usually divided into two large groups. The first includes independent words. They have their own meaning and are the basis of our speech. However, it would be difficult for us to compose a text using only this group. Therefore, the so-called service particles come to their aid. These include the negative particle. However, this is not the only variety of this group.

There are also the following:

Forming the form: let, would, come on.
Interrogative: really, really, really.
Exclamation marks: how, what.
Requirement: then, ka, s.
Doubt: whether.

Each of them has its own specific purpose and special role in the Russian language. It would be difficult to express emotions without using particles.

"Nor"

Difficulties often arise in writing negative particles. It turns out that “not” and “neither” have completely different meanings. Each of the rules has a historical basis.

We will write “neither”:

When we want to strengthen the existing denial. Let's compare two sentences:

There were no fish in the lake. 2. We didn’t see a single fish in the lake.

In the second sentence the negation is stronger than in the first. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the fishermen did not observe any fish at all in the reservoir, absolutely none.

In complex sentences. This particle is very often used in the dependent clause.

For example: Everywhere I went, I thought about the sea.

I can’t learn the rules, no matter how hard I try.

When using homogeneous and enumerated members.

Neither mathematics, nor biology, nor physics were completed by Petya on time.

There is no predicate. Very often you can substitute the words “impossible” or “no” to them.

For example: No fire, no smoke (no).

Neither lie down nor rest (impossible).

The main function that this negative particle conveys is reinforcement.

"Not"

This auxiliary part of speech has a slightly different meaning. Usually we use “not” when we want to refuse something or give the word an antonymous meaning. Let's consider other cases when “not” is a negative particle:

A double “not” is pronounced when making a statement.

For example: I couldn’t help but say this. I understood that it was impossible not to confess.

In some exclamatory sentences denoting surprise we also write “not”:

How can you not admire this city! What color did not the sky flicker during a thunderstorm?

It is worth distinguishing between the spellings of “not” and “neither” in pronouns. In this situation, everything depends on the stress. In a strong position we write “E”: no one, NOT with anyone, NOT with anyone. We use “I” without emphasis: Not at all, NOT for anyone, NOT about anyone.

and gerunds

It is not easy for schoolchildren to remember the spelling rules for a given particle with different groups of speech. Each of them has its own spelling features. How is the particle “Not” written with participles? The answer to this question is simple: always separate. We immediately recall its similar spelling with the verb. The participle is formed precisely from it. Hence the same principle of their writing. For example: not doing - not doing, not sunbathing - not sunbathing.

However, there are cases when a word without this important particle is simply not used. In this case, we will write it together. Let's look at an example: To be indignant about the rain - to shout, indignant about the rain. Both with a verb and with a similar gerund, the negative particle is written together.

This rule is easiest for students to remember, since there are very few exceptions to it.

Particle "not" with nouns

The rules for spelling words are not always simple. For example, noun, as well as adj. and adverbs have their own pattern of using them with the particle “not”.

We will write it together in the following cases:

Forming an antonym with “not”. For example: friend - foe, weather - bad weather, handsome - ugly, few - a lot.
Impossibility of using words without “not”: Clumsy, scoundrel, slob, violently.

“Not” is written separately if:

There is a clear contrast. It is usually expressed by the conjunction “a”. For example: The man turned out to be not his friend, but his enemy. Not luck, but complete collapse and disappointment awaited us.
Denial is emphasized: It was not my mother (but someone else) who called on the phone. We came not in the evening, but at night.
There is a gain. For example: Our neighbor is not tall at all. My sister is by no means a sneak.

We have presented the main cases when the particle “not” with nouns is written both together and separately. Do not forget that adverbs with adjectives also fall under this rule. If you remember this important feature, then you won’t have to remember the spelling “not” for each part of speech separately.

"Not" with participles

Another case when a negative particle is written “not” rather than “neither” is when it is used with participles. Many people confuse its spelling with participles. These parts of speech are formed from verbs, but with “not” they are written completely differently.

Everyone knows that participles have the ability to form phrases using dependent words. In the case when it is used specifically as part of a phrase, we will write it separately from “not”. Example: A student who did not complete the exercise received a bad grade. As you can see, the participle “not completed” is written separately from “not”, since it has the dependent word “exercise”. In this case, it is included, which explains its spelling with a negative particle.

However, there is another side to this rule. In the case where there is no revolution, the participle changes its spelling. Let's look at an example: The exercise remains uncompleted.

It would seem that the meaning of the sentence has not changed. However, the syntax is completely different. Now the participle does not have any dependent words with it. This means that there is no reason to write it with the particle separately.

Let's change this example with just one word: The exercise remained uncompleted by the students. We note the difference: now a word has appeared that forms a participial phrase (by the disciples). In such a situation, we will write it separately from “not”.

Well, and, of course, as with every rule, there are exceptions. If the participle is not used without this particle, then we will write it together, regardless of whether there is a revolution or not. For example: The raging wind did not subside until dawn.

Conclusion

In this article, we looked at the main cases when “not” is a negative particle, and when it plays other roles. It should not be confused with “ni”: they have different spelling features. However, the main function of “not” is still negation. In some interrogative and exclamatory sentences we can use it as an affirmative. Also, do not forget that with each part of speech it is written differently.