Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. The beginning of the reign of Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich

Brief life of the blessed prince Georgy Vsevolodovich, Vladimirsky

The holy and blessed Prince Georgiy (1189-1238) was the second son of the great Prince Vse-vo-lo-da Big Gnez- before. In 1212, after the death of his father and eldest brother Kon-stan-ti, he succeeded Vla-di-Mirsky ve-li-ko -prince's throne. The good-faithful Prince Ge-orgy was blessed with goodness and military goodness. He was the founder of Nizhny Novgorod. In 1237, the Mon-go-lo-ta-tar hordes of Ba-tyi moved to the Russian land. They sacked Ryazan and burned Moscow. Saint George left such a city for the succession of his sons, Revenge-glory and All-in-lo-da (third son - Vla-di-mir - was at that time in captivity of the ta-tars) and experienced vo-e-vods, and he himself moved with the army and captivated -mi - sy-no-vya-mi Kon-stan-ti-na - to the north, to unite with other princes. In the beginning of March, he went out to the river bank of Si-ti. There, on March 4, 1238, a bloody battle took place with ta-ta-ra-mi. Even before the battle, the blessed Prince Georgy received news that such a city of the Russian land is Vladimir - he fell and all his sons were killed. Having heard the sad news, the great prince turned to God in prayer, in which the All-highest asked -to give him a painful death for the Christian faith and the right-glorious people. And his prayer was heard: in the battle on the Si-ti river, the great prince died a painful death - to him was from-se-che-na go-lo-va. Some time after the battle, Bishop Kirill II of Rostov returned from White Lake to his flock. His path lay through the forest. Among the fallen warriors, he recognized the headless body of the great prince by his clothes. With blessings, he took it and moved it to Rostov. There, with great crying from everyone, he was buried in the cathedral church. After some time, the honest head of the prince was found, who was with him to the phone. Two years later, the coffin with the body of the blessed Prince Georgy was transferred to Vla with great solemnity -di-mir-sky Assumption Cathedral. In 1645, the body of the holy prince was incorruptible, and the church’s glorification holy The relics of Prince Georgy were transferred to the silver-rib-ra-ka, arranged by the Holy Pat-ri-ar -hom Joseph-fom.

The complete life of the blessed prince Georgy Vsevolodovich, Vladimirsky

Grand Prince Ge-or-gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich was the third son of Great Prince Vse-vo-lo-da III Ge-or-gi -e-vi-cha, nicknamed Big Nest, and Prince Maria Shvar-nov-ny. He was born on November 26, 1187 in the city of Suz-da-le and, at the request of his father, received his grandfather’s name. Five years old, Prince Georgy, according to custom at that time, was “mounted on a horse”; po-stri-gi. The celebration of the pro-is-ho-di-lo in Suz-da-le. When he was 19 years old, his mother Maria, who was very ill, had her hair cut in the monastery of the Most Holy God -ro-di-tsy in Vladi-mir on the Klyaz-ma, and Ge-or-giy brought his mother to the house. A few days later she passed away, and Ge-or-giy mourned the end-chi-nu ma-te-ri, especially with love for someone. swarm he used. In 1211, Prince Ge-or-giy entered into marriage with the daughter-in-chief of Prince Vse-vo-lo-da Holy-sla-vi-cha Cherm- but, dear sister of the holy, blessed Prince Mi-ha-i-la Cher-ni-gov-skogo. From this marriage, Prince Georgiy had three sons - All-vo-lo-da, Msti-slav-va and Vla-di-mi-ra.

In the 12th-13th centuries, when the blessed prince Georgy lived, the Russian land suffered greatly from internecine inheritances. ny princes, between whom there was a time-de-le-na. Ge-or-gy's father, Grand Duke Vse-vo-lod III, tried to achieve unity and was rewarded for his services the name of Vel-ko-go Vse-vo-lo-yes, however, I was not able to stop the specific enmity even during my life more than once he attracted his children to participate in the internecine struggle. This is how young Ge-or-gy for the first time you step into the story, acting together with your father and brothers-tya-mi in osa-de Pron-ska in 1207. In the next year, Ge-or-gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich from-ra-zhaled the former pron-sky prince Mi-ha-i-la and his two-brother Izya-s-la-va brought the prince to the Moscow volost, then acted against the gentle new towns.

In 1212, the Great Prince Vse-vo-lod began to be unable to and wanted to settle the sons he had during his lifetime at that time there were six remaining: Kon-stan-tin, Ge-or-giy, Yaroslav, Svyato-slav, Vladimir and John. He sent for the elder Kon-stan-tin, the prince who lived in Ro-sto-ve, wanting to give him after himself such a city as Vladi-mir , and in Rostov to plant Ge-or-gia. But Kon-stan-tin did not agree to such a arrangement and answered his father: “If you want to do me eldest, then give me the initial city of Rostov and Vladimir to it, or, if you so please, give me Vladimir and to it Ro-stov".

All-in-lod, in co-ordination with the bo-yars and Bishop John, decided to show disobedience to Con- stan-ti-na - give seniority to Ge-orgy and on April 14, 1212, at the 64th year of his life, he died. Kon-stan-tin was offended by Ge-orgy and “raised his eyebrows with anger.”

This is how Ge-or-gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich became the great prince of Vladimir, who inherited the unsettled -the new land, the struggle of cities and princes, and the non-resistance of the offending of the elder brother. Already in the next year, Konstantin, dissatisfied with the seniority, raised the whole land of Suzdal and under - he rebelled against brother Georgy. And the rest of the brothers took part in the inter-fight. The troops they had assembled converged near Rostovo near the Ish-ni River. This time the brothers met and went to their own cities without battle, since the Grand Duke, a strong world-love -eat and precaution, had the means to avoid bleeding. Another time, Vla-di-mir Vse-vo-lo-do-vich began to uso-bi-tsu, you-escaped from your-e-city Yurie-va- The Polish first went to Volok, and from there to Moscow to take them away from Georgy. Brother Yaro-slav took after him. Pol-ki Vla-di-mi-ra were driven away by Dmit-rov-tsa-mi, it didn’t come to a big battle, the great prince didn’t he wanted to take revenge on what he had done, and the brothers made peace again. Prince Yaro-slav quarreled with the new towns, which took for themselves the prince of the brave Revenge-glory Revenge-sla-vi cha Uda-lo-go; a new uso-bi-tsa arose, in which Ge-or-gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich had to support Yaro-slava , and Psko-vi-chi, Smol-nyan and all the parties of Prince Kon-stan-ti-na Ro-stov joined with the new-rod-ts-mi -skogo. In April 1216, the battle of Li-pi-tsa took place (the battle is named after the river Li-pi-tsy in Yuryevsky district -de Vla-di-Mir-government, near which she played out), in which the great prince and his allies once upon a time, you were beaten, and he had to give up the primacy to the brother of Kon-stan-ti-nu. Leaving from Vladi-mir to Ra-di-lov - a city on the Vol-ga, Ge-or-giy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich prayed at the tsov's coffin and said to the followers: “God bless my brother Yaro, who brought me to this.” go."

In 1217, Ge-orgy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich received an offer from his brother Kon-stan-ti-na to take the princedom in Susa -yes-le; and when on February 2, 1218, the great Prince Kon-stan-tin died, then Ge-or, who followed him in seniority -gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich returned to the great-prince's table, which was not very far from his suffering- Che-skoy kon-chi-ny.

From-the-marked features of the troubled state of Ru-si, you-stood with all your might in those days government of Ge-or-giya All-in-lo-do-vi-cha and brought the state to a terrible, terrible, known but under the name of the Mongol-sko-go (ta-tar-sko-go) yoke. Nov-gorod-skaya freedom has given the prince great for-you and from-attracted his strength- ly for a fruitless internal struggle. At the request of the new towns, he repeatedly sent them his sons Vse-vo-lo-da, then shu-ri-on your holy prince Mi-ha-i-la Cher-ni-gov-skogo, you-needed to go in-ho- house on the Nov-go-ro-d-skie lands and for-no-small half-ka-mi Tor-zhok: in a row in Nov-go-ro-de it was not possible to -stig-nut. Meanwhile, the state-su-dar-stvo suffered from the on-be-gov of the eastern neighbors - the Kama Bulgarians and Mord-yous. During the great Bol-Gar campaign in 1220, at the suggestion of the great prince, his brother Yaro-slav, prince, took part -living in Pe-re-ya-s-lav-le, ple-myan-nickname Va-sil-ko Kon-stan-ti-no-vich from Ro-sto-va, Mu-rom prince St. -to-slav Da-vi-do-vich and others. The journey was successful, but tiring. In order to consolidate the successes achieved, the great prince founded (in 1221) a fortress at the mouth of the Oka - the city of Nizhny Novgorod -genus.

The city was founded on the Mordovian land, and therefore after 1221 the city should have arisen and arose -ben-but hostile actions from the side of the Mord-you. In 1229, Mord-va came with the prince of his Pur-gas to Nizhny Novgorod itself and managed to burn the Bo-go-ro-dits-ky mo-na-styr and the out-of-town church were established here. The fight continued with the pain. But the main ones who led the prince All-in-the-lo-yes were the internal enmity of the princes. Did Prince Vla-di-mir come to wage a war with Cher-ni-go-v and die? to create the devil-for-something brother of Yaro-slava. The main location for the time was the same Nov-gorod, where the hostility-to-va-li hundred-ro-na Mi-ha-i-la Cher-ni-gov-sko -go and Suz-dal. Yaro-slav under that pre-log, as if Ge-or-giy All-vo-lo-do-vich continues to support Mi-ha-i-la in Nov-go-ro-de, rebelled against the prince-in-law of his ple-myan-ni-kov Kon-stan-ti-no-vi-whose - Va-sil- ka, Vse-vo-lo-da and Vla-di-mi-ra. In 1229, Ge-or-gy Vse-vo-lo-do-vich brought dissatisfied relatives and uspos to himself in Vladi-mir -ko-il them. For this reason, Mi-kha-il Cher-ni-gov-sky soon returned and, together with Prince Vla-di-mir of Ki-ev-sky, moved to Vo-lyn princes Da-ni-i-la and Va-sil-ka Ro-ma-no-vi-chey, who were in close relationship with the great prince , gave his daughter for Va-sil-ka. The trip to the Cher-ni-gov-skiye vol-sti, although not with-the-leader-given battle and on-be-da-mi, did not increase there was neither Russian military power, nor a single soul of the Russian princes, against whom a terrible enemy was already standing close - mon-go-ly.

Even under 1229, our le-to-pi-si believe that sak-si-ns and catchers came from the lower reaches of Vol -gi to the Bol-gar-rams, go-ni-my ta-ta-ra-mi, with-be-zha-li and a hundred-ro-zha Bol-Gar-skie, broken-by-ta-ta- ra-mi on the river Yai-ke. In 1236, 300 thousand Ta-tars under the leadership of Ba-tyi entered the land of Bol-gar, burned the city of the Great Bol-gars, wasted all the inhabitants and emptied the land; and the next year, a forest hundred with a hundred ta-ta-ry appeared in the precincts of Ryazan. The princes of Ryazan, not allowing Ta-tar to the cities, went to meet them in Vo-ro-nezh and announced or: “When none of us remain, then everything will be yours.”

Such determination did not save the state. The disparate lands, one after the other, became the enemy, not having met the whole land

It was extremely difficult, probably, in the soul of the great prince, who dedicated his entire life to united not in the world and in the inner world and now in front of the terrible danger of seeing the Russian land divided and de-si-len-noy. Ryazan with-burn-on. The turn of the so-new Vladimir has come. Having cleared the Ryazan land, they moved towards Kolomna. Here their son waited for Prince Vse-vo-Lod with the fugitive Ryazan Prince Ro-man and Vo-e-vo-da Jere-mi-ey Gle-bo-vi-chem. After a strong battle, the prince's army was patient. Among those killed were Prince Roman and Jeremiah, and Vse-vo-lod Ge-or-gi-e-vich managed to escape with his little friend -living flight to Vladimir. Ta-ta-ry walked on; took Moscow, where they killed Philip Nyan-ku, captured Prince Vladimir Ge-or-gi-e- vi-cha and went with him to Vla-di-mir. The Great Prince left here his sons Vse-vo-lo-da and Revenge-glory with Vo-e-vo-da Peter Os-la-du-ko- wi-what, and he himself with three tribes-ni-ka-mi Kon-stan-ti-no-vi-cha-mi went to the Volga and stood on the Si-ti river. Then, having left here in the Zhi-ro-sla-va Mi-hai-lo-vi-cha, he set off for the surrounding villages. a bi-army of military people, supported the brothers of Yaro-slava and Svyato-slava. Meanwhile, the ta-ta-rys quickly moved forward. Soon the great prince in Si-ti received terrible news: his son Prince Vladimir was killed, another prince - All- when he realized that he could not withstand the strength of the city, he went to Ba-ty with gifts and was also killed, revenge Slav and some of the inhabitants tried to take refuge in the old town and were killed by ta-ta-ra-mi. Bishop Mit-ro-fan, the great princess-gi-nya with do-che-ryu, sno-ha-mi and vnu-cha-ta-mi, other princes-gi-ni with many -the same Bo-Yars and ordinary people were locked in the Assumption Cathedral in the choirs. Those doors were opened, the church was robbed, and those who were there were burned along with the church. Before death, many received a different image from the bishop of Mit-ro-fa-na. Having heard the sad news, the Grand Duke began to cry. "Oh my God! - he cried. - The test, that was sent down, is hard for me! You deprived me, like Job once, of everything I had. My wife and children died. You also took the people entrusted by You to my country. What should I do? Have we sinned before You, Lord, and You have humbled us: You are righteous, Lord, and Your judgments about us are righteous. But this blood of many people who are not guilty of our sins? Lord, Lord! You called this many new men to You: why did you save me alone for shame? All-mi-lo-sti-ve God! Don’t deprive me, too, a sinner and unworthy, of your participation in their glory, help me too. to give with Christ, as they suffered, for the sake of Thy holy name, the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit Ha. But may Thy holy will be done, for Thou art blessed forever. Amen".

The prayer strengthened him, and the prince began to calmly prepare for battle and death. In-e-yes, Do-ro-zha with a three-thousand-strong squad was sent to find out about the un-me; but he soon returned and reported that the ta-ta-rs had already gone around the Russian army. Then the prince mounted a horse and, together with his brother Saint-glory and three tribes, you set off against the enemies. A terrible battle took place, the Russian regiments fled, and the Grand Duke was killed. Ta-ta-ry cut off his head. His prayer was heard, he fell like a good warrior, like a martyr for the faith and Right-glorious Rus'.

Like a storm, the enemy army rushed by, leaving behind them a field covered with corpses. Not long after the battle, the Rostov Bishop Kirill returned from White Lake to his flock. His path lay not far from City. The ar-hi-shepherd came here to lift up his prayers to God for the hope of souls for the faith and fatherland of the fallen -shih vo-i-nov. Among the many dead bodies, the saint recognized the body of the great prince by his princely clothes Ge-or-gia, but you can see him lying there without a head. With blessings, he took the prince's body, brought it to Rostov, and here, with great crying, from the custom -the funeral sung, cho-ro-nil him in the Bo-go-ro-dich-temple. After some time, the head of the prince-zya-stra-dal-tsa was found, in the presence of-the-se-n and brought-to-the-body . The new great prince, the brother of the former, Yaro-slav Vse-vo-lo-do-vich, settled in Vladi-mir, having cleared corpses and revived the church, in 1239 he sent to Rostov for the body of the blessed Georgy. The honorable remains of the great stra-dal-tsa near Vla-di-mi-ra were met by Mi-ro-po-lit Kirill II with all his spirit-ho-ven- tsvom, Great Prince Yaro-slav with his brother St. Slav-slav and children, with all the gods and all the lives of Vla-di-mi -ra from ma-la to ve-li-ka. At the sight of the coffin, there was a general cry and sobbing, drowning out the church singing. The coffin was laid in the cathedral of the Dormition of the Most Holy God, where Vse-vo-lod, the father of Prince Ge-or-lay, also lay. Gia. The Lord, wondrous in His saints, blessedly consoled the hearts of the Russian people, revealing in the blessed Prince Ge -or-gies of your own-pleasure. All those who were at the re-union saw the most glorious miracle: the head of St. George, from-se-chen -with a Ta-Tar-sword, grew in the coffin to the body, so that not a trace of it could be seen on the body , but all of you were intact and inseparable. A stone coffin, in which were the relics of St. George, was installed at the head of the coffin. prostrate with those-la-mi of his son-no-vey - All-in-lo-da, Revenge-slav-va and Vla-di-mir-ra. The body remained in this coffin until 1645, when it was imperishable and transferred to silver. the birth of the evil-puppies' coffin, arranged by the pat-ri-ar-hom Joseph, who paid special respect for this holy

Prayers

Troparion to the Righteous Prince George (Yuri) Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky

Sitting at the height of the great reign, / you appeared, shining with piety and faith to your fatherland, like the sun; / for the Holy Trinity, you were kindled with jealousy / and having suffered greatly for the faith, your blood was shed You are./ Thus your head, which was cut off for Christ, testifies to reality about you ,/ clinging to your body after death,/ from now on, your relics remain incorruptible,/ from which flow forth healing for our souls and bodies./ But because you have boldness in Christ, the passion-bearing Geo O devout, / constantly pray for your power and your relatives / / preserve harmless through your prayers.

Translation: Seated at the height of the great reign, you appeared, and shining with faith, like the sun for your fatherland, inflamed with jealousy for the Holy Trinity and suffering greatly for your faith, you shed your blood. Therefore, your head, cut off for Christ, clearly testifies about you, having joined your body after death, and with it yours remain incorruptible to this day, from which you exude healing to our souls and bodies. But, as the martyr George, who has come to Christ, unceasingly pray for your state and compatriots to be preserved unharmed through your prayers.

Kontakion to the Righteous Prince George (Yuri) Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky

Becoming like the death of Christ/ and desiring Him to drink the cup, like the Belly,/ you fought courageously for the worthless, despising the earthly kingdom,/ having suffered from the godless barbarians to death,/ Geo Dear God to the Wise.// So pray, that faithful people may be saved through your prayers.

Translation: Imitating Christ's death and desiring to drink His cup as (the cup) of Life, for Him you courageously, despising the earthly kingdom, suffering from the godless pagans to death, George the Wise. Therefore, pray for the salvation of believers in your prayers.

Prayer to the blessed Prince Georgy (Yuri) Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky

Oh, God's chosen miracle worker, glorious servant of Christ, champion of the Orthodox Church, defender of the Kingdom of Russia, Grand Duke George! On bended knee, we pray to you: look upon us sinners who have resorted to your intercession, hear this little prayer of ours and with your warm intercession implore the merciful God, to whom you stand May the Angel and with all the saints keep us in the unity of the Orthodox Church and establish us in our hearts our spirit of right faith and piety, and will deliver us from every evil temptation. According to the greatness of your love, even as you loved your neighbor, ask the all-generous Lord for peace and prosperity for your Fatherland, and for ours; for all of us, unworthy, who zealously fall to you, a godly and serene life. O our holy intercessor, do not leave us weak and helpless, pray for us to the Lord and the Most Pure Lady Theotokos, move your God-glorified relatives, holy princes, to pray for us Andrei and Gleb, together with them, here on earth you rest with your incorruptible relics and on Heaven, stand before the Throne of the Heavenly King, may He, the all-generous, grant us everything we need, even for temporary and eternal benefit; may He not reward us according to our deeds, but out of His ineffable love for mankind may He forgive our sins, may He deliver us from all need and sorrow, sorrow and illness; may he bestow on us good intentions and strength to strive to correct our lives, and in the future may he grant us permission to enter the Kingdom of Heaven and glorify the all-holy name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in eyelids of centuries. Amen.

Konstantin, Yuri, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich - Grand Dukes of Vladimir-Suzdal. They reigned successively from 1212 to 1246. The most important event of this period was the invasion of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatar hordes. From the first appearance of the steppe hordes to the complete defeat of Southern and North-Eastern Rus', only seventeen years passed.

VSEVOLODOVICHY, Konstantin, Yuri, Yaroslav. The Grand Dukes, children of Vsevolod the Big Nest, reigned respectively from 1212 to 1219, from 1219 to 1238 and from 1238 to 1246. Not listening to the admonitions of their dying mother, the pious Princess Maria, the children began internecine strife. Bequeathing the great reign, Vsevolod the Big Nest called his eldest son Constantine disobedient and transferred the reign to his beloved third son Yuri. Konstantin, considering this state of affairs to be a consequence of a conspiracy by the boyars, did not obey the will of his deceased father and entered into a fight with Yuri.

In 1216, on the Lipitsa River, a bloody battle took place between Constantine and Yuri, in which Constantine won. Yuri fled to Gorodets, and Constantine proclaimed himself Grand Duke of Vladimir. The brothers were subsequently reconciled. Konstantin Vsevolodovich, bypassing his own sons, declared Yuri the heir to the Vladimir throne. Yuri, for his part, vowed to forget the feuds and be a father to the young children of his older brother.

Grand Duke Konstantin Vsevolodovich reigned in Vladimir, establishing civil peace. He built churches, distributed alms and ruled a fair court. The chronicles emphasize the good-heartedness of the Grand Duke: “He was so kind and meek that he tried not to sadden a single person, loving to console everyone in word and deed, and his memory will always live in the blessings of the people.”

In 1219, after the death of Konstantin Vsevolodovich, Yuri Vsevolodovich became the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Having learned that the Volga Bulgars had captured the city of Ustyug, Yuri Vsevolodovich sent his younger brother Svyatoslav against them. Svyatoslav went down the Volga and entered the lands of the Bulgars. His rapid victories frightened the Bulgars so much that they fled from their cities, leaving their wives, children, and property to the winners. When Svyatoslav returned to Vladimir, Yuri Vsevolodovich greeted him as a hero and rewarded him with rich gifts. At the beginning of winter of the same year, Bulgarian ambassadors came to Vladimir with proposals for peace. Yuri Vsevolodovich rejected all the conditions and began to prepare for a new campaign. Having experienced the power of the grand prince's weapons, the Bulgarians tried in every possible way to soften Yuri Vsevolodovich and, finally, with rich offerings, persuaded him to peace.

The reign of Yuri Vsevolodovich was calm until 1224. In this year, Rus' for the first time encountered Mongol-Tatar hordes who came from the depths of Asia, conquering with fire and sword everything that came their way. In the first battle of Russian squads with the Tatar-Mongols on the Kalka River, Yuri Vsevolodovich did not take part. The princes were unable to agree on the joint defense of the Russian land. Divided into small principalities and tormented by internal strife, Rus' could not resist the Tatar-Mongol invasion.

At the end of 1237, countless hordes of Tatar-Mongols, led by Batu Khan, invaded the lands of northeastern Rus'. The first victim of Batu's invasion was the Ryazan principality. Ryazan was surrounded, and ambassadors were sent to the city. “If you want peace,” said the ambassadors, “then a tenth of your wealth will be ours.” “When none of us are left alive, then you will take everything,” answered the Ryazan prince. This answer predetermined the fate of not only Ryazan but also many other Russian cities. Ryazan was burned to the ground by the Mongols, and all its inhabitants were exterminated, young and old.

Yuri Vsevolodovich, realizing the mortal threat, went to Yaroslavl to gather an army. On February 3, 1338, having ravaged Suzdal, Kolomna and Moscow along the way, Batu approached Vladimir and took the city by storm. Grand Duchess Agafya with her children and townspeople took refuge in the Assumption Cathedral, where they were all burned alive. The devastation of Russian lands continued further in two directions: towards Galich and towards Rostov. The Tatar-Mongols burned cities and villages, killed civilians, even small children did not escape their fury.

Yuri Vsevolodovich managed to gather all the combat-ready squads on the Sit River. But the courage of the Russian squads could not resist the hordes of Batu. In a bloody battle (March 4, 1338) the entire Russian army was killed together with Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich and his two sons. After the battle, Rostov Bishop Kirill found the body of Yuri Vsevolodvich among the dead in a princely attire (the head of the Grand Duke was cut off in battle and could not be found). There was a rumor among the people that Prince Yuri managed to hide in the city of Kitezh on the shores of Lake Svetloyar, but Batu overtook him there and put him to death. At the same hour, Kitezh plunged into the waters of the lake. According to legend, Kitezh should appear in the world on the eve of the Last Judgment.

Yuri Vsevolodovich is a Grand Duke, during whose reign a terrible disaster struck Rus', leaving a deep mark on the history of Russia. Eight hundred years later, we feel the Mongolian trace both at the level of the genotype of the people and at the socio-behavioral level of the people. The transformation of Russia into a multinational empire that followed centuries later, the annexation of territories once controlled by the Mongol horde are also consequences of the events that occurred under Yuri Vsevolodovich. The death of the prince, princess and their children within a month suggests that the changes in the nature of the Russian state caused by the Mongols were very painful. Together with the princes, thousands of residents of Russian cities died, completely exterminated from young to old.

In 1238 after the death of his brother, he took the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. This was a courageous act, since it fell to him not to rule the flourishing land, but, as Karamzin put it, “Yaroslav came to dominate the ruins and corpses. In such circumstances, a sensitive Sovereign might hate power; but this prince wanted to be famous for his activity of mind and firmness of soul, and not for his kindness. He looked at the widespread devastation not in order to shed tears, but in order to smooth out its traces with the best and fastest means. It was necessary to gather scattered people, raise cities and villages from the ashes - in a word, completely renew the State.”

First of all, Yaroslav ordered to collect and bury the dead. Then he took measures to restore the destroyed cities and organize the administration of the Vladimir lands. Being the eldest Russian prince, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich distributed the cities and principalities of North-Eastern Rus' among his brothers so that only one princely family would constantly rule in each city.

Meanwhile, in 1239, Batu Khan returned to Rus'. This time it attacked the southern principalities, which were not affected in 1237-1238. In the spring of 1239, his troops took Pereyaslavl and Chernigov, and on December 6, 1240 Kyiv fell. “Ancient Kyiv disappeared, and forever: for this, once famous capital, the mother of Russian cities, in the 14th and 15th centuries was still ruins: in our very time there is only a shadow of its former greatness.”

Having essentially destroyed Kyiv, the Tatars continued to move forward and in 1241 captured Lublin, Sandomierz, Krakow, defeating the troops of the Poles, Czechs, Germans and Hungarians. They reached the Adriatic Sea and turned back from there.

By this time, Grand Duke Yaroslav II managed to understand that the Tatars more or less leave alone only those peoples who show submission to them. Seeing no opportunity to fight them and wanting to somehow protect their lands from a new invasion, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich made a wise decision to show the khan his humility. He, the first of the Russian princes, was not afraid and was not ashamed to go to bow to Batu Khan in the Golden Horde.

In the Horde, he was required to perform several pagan rituals, in particular, to walk between two fires and bow to the shadow of Genghis Khan (if he refused, he would face death and destruction of his land). For a Christian prince, such a demand meant not only terrible humiliation, but also a violation of the covenants of the Christian church. Faced with such a demand, other Russian princes preferred to choose not the easiest death. But Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went to great lengths to preserve the remnants of the people in the Vladimir-Suzdal land. If the prince had made a different, proud decision, the Vladimir-Suzdal land might no longer exist at all, just as many other states, for example Volga Bulgaria, disappeared from the pages of history. Batu was pleased with the obedience of the Russian prince and for the first time gave him a label (letter) for the Great Reign, that is, permission to be the Grand Duke.

From then on, any Russian prince who wanted to become a Grand Duke had to go to the Golden Horde to ask for mercy from the Khan, never knowing what awaited him: life or death. This is exactly how Yaroslav Vsevolodovich himself ended his life. After the death of Khan Ogedei, he was going to receive a label for the Great Reign from his son, Khan Guyuk. In 1246 Yaroslav went to him in Karakoram, in Mongolia. The Khan received the prince favorably and released him with mercy, but seven days later, on the way home, Yaroslav died. It is believed that the cause of his death was most likely the poison that the mother of Khan Guyuk gave the prince. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich is buried in Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was married twice, the prince had nine sons and three daughters. Yaroslav's son, Alexander Nevsky, went down in Russian history as one of the outstanding rulers; he was also canonized by the Orthodox Church.

Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich(November 26, 1188 - March 4, 1238) - the third son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir from his first marriage, with Maria Shvarnovna. Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in the ranks of the noble princes. Prince's relics Yuri Vsevolodovich are located in the Assumption Cathedral in the city of Vladimir.
Principalities:
- Grand Duke Vladimirsky(1212-1216, 1218-1238);
- prince Gorodetsky(1216-1217);
- prince Suzdal (1217-1218).
Yuri Vsevolodovich born in Suzdal on November 26, 1188. Baptized Yuri Vsevolodovich Bishop Luke.
July 28, 1192 Yuri was tonsured and on the same day he was mounted on a horse. As the chronicler noted, “ and there was great joy in the city of Suzdal “.
IN 1207 Yuri Vsevolodovich took part in the campaign against the Ryazan princes.
in winter 1208/1209 Yuri Vsevolodovich With Konstantin Vsevolodovich participated in the campaign to Torzhok against the Novgorodians, who imprisoned his brother, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, and called Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny to reign, and at the very beginning of 1209 - against the Ryazanians, who tried to take advantage of the absence of the main Suzdal forces and attacked the outskirts of the city of Moscow.
IN 1211 Yuri Vsevolodovich married Princess Agathia Vsevolodovna, daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Chermny, Prince of Chernigov. The wedding took place in Vladimir, in the Assumption Cathedral, by Bishop John.

Conflict between Yuri Vsevolodovich and his brother Konstantin Vsevolodovich.

Mongol invasion.

IN 1236 at the beginning of the Mongol campaign in Europe, it was devastated. According to the refugees were accepted Yuri Vsevolodovich and settled in the Volga cities.
IN end of 1237 Batu appeared within the Ryazan principality. The Ryazan princes turned to Yuri Vsevolodovich, but he didn’t give it to them, wanting to “ the individual himself does the swearing “. Batu's ambassadors came to Ryazan and Vladimir demanding tribute. In Ryazan, the ambassadors were refused, but in Vladimir they were gifted. At the same time Yuri Vsevolodovich sent troops led by his eldest son Vsevolod Yurievich to help Roman Ingvarevich, who had retreated from Ryazan.
Destroying December 16, 1237 Ryazan, Batu moved to Kolomna. Vsevolod Yuryevich was defeated and fled to Vladimir (the Vladimir governor Eremey Glebovich and the youngest son of Genghis Khan Kulkan died). After this victory, Batu burned Moscow, captured Vladimir Yuryevich, the second son of Yuri, and moved towards Vladimir.
Having received news of these events, Yuri Vsevolodovich He called the princes and boyars to a council and, after much deliberation, set off across the Volga to gather an army. Surviving in Vladimir were his wife Agafia Vsevolodovna, sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, daughter Theodora, Vsevolod’s wife Marina, Mstislav’s wife Maria and Vladimir’s wife Khristina, grandchildren and governor Pyotr Oslyadyukovich. The siege of the city of Vladimir began on February 2–3, 1238. The city fell on February 7, 1238, the siege and assault lasted 8 days. The Mongol-Tatars burst into the city and set it on fire. Yuri's entire family perished (Vladimir Martyrs); of all his offspring, only his daughter Dobrava survived, who had been married to Vasilko Romanovich, Prince of Volyn since 1226.

The death of Yuri Vsevolodovich, his relics and canonization.

March 4, 1238 In the Battle of the City River, the Grand Duke's troops were defeated at the camp by secondary forces of the Mongols led by Burundai, who followed a more northern route separately from the main forces. Among those killed was himself Yuri Vsevolodovich.

The headless body of the prince was discovered by the princely clothes among the remaining unburied bodies of killed soldiers on the battlefield by Bishop Kirill of Rostov, returning from Beloozero. He took the body to Rostov and buried it in a stone coffin in the Church of Our Lady. Subsequently, Yuri's head was also found and attached to the body.
IN 1239 remains Yuri Vsevolodovich were solemnly transferred by Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to Vladimir and laid in the Assumption Cathedral. In the “Book of the Powerful Royal Genealogy” it is described that the head of the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich during burial it stuck to his body, and his right hand raised up: “ His holy head is so closely attached to his honest body, as if there is not a trace of cutting off on his neck, but all the parts are intact and inseparable... Also, his right hand is stretched out to see, with it, as if alive, showing the feat of his accomplishment“.
On February 13 and 15, 1919, the opening of the relics took place Yuri Vsevolodovich. According to the Orthodox Encyclopedia, an eyewitness to the opening of the relics reported that the head of the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich It was previously cut off, but fused with the body so that the cervical vertebrae were displaced and fused incorrectly.

According to the chronicler “ Yuri was adorned with good morals: he tried to fulfill God's commandments; I always had the fear of God in my heart, remembering the Lord’s commandment about love not only for neighbors, but also for enemies, and was merciful beyond measure; not sparing his property, he distributed it to the needy, built churches and decorated them with priceless icons and books; honored priests and monks“. In 1221 Yuri Vsevolodovich founded a new stone cathedral in Suzdal to replace the dilapidated one, and in 1233 he painted it and paved it with marble. In Nizhny Novgorod he founded the Annunciation Monastery.
IN 1645 the incorruptible relics of the prince were found, and January 5, 1645 Patriarch Joseph began the process of canonization Yuri Vsevolodovich Orthodox Church. At the same time, the relics were placed in a silver shrine. Yuri Vsevolodovich was canonized as the Holy Blessed Prince George Vsevolodovich. His memory is February 4 (17) “ in memory of his transfer from Rostov to Vladimir “.
IN 1795 on the initiative of the Nizhny Novgorod vice-governor Prince Vasily Dolgorukov, a descendant Yuri Vsevolodovich, in Nizhny Novgorod they began to celebrate the date of birth of the city’s founder.

Family of Yuri Vsevolodovich.

Married since 1211 to Agafya Vsevolodovna (about 1195 - 1238), daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Chermny, Prince of Chernigov, Grand Duke of Kyiv.
Sons:
– Vsevolod (Dmitriy) (1212/1213 - 1238), Prince of Novgorod (1221-1222, 1223-1224). Married since 1230 to Marina (1215-1238), daughter of Vladimir Rurikovich. Killed at Batu's headquarters during negotiations before the capture of Vladimir by the Mongols;
– Mstislav(after 1213 - 1238), married from 1236 to Mary (1220-1238) (origin unknown). Died during the capture of Vladimir by the Mongols;
– Vladimir(after 1218 - 1238), Prince of Moscow, married since 1236 to Christina (1219-1238) (origin unknown, presumably from the Monomashich family). Killed during the siege of Vladimir by the Mongols.
Daughters:
– Dobrava(1215-1265) In 1226, she was married to Prince Vasilko Romanovich of Volyn, thanks to this she became the only survivor of the devastation of Vladimir by the Tatar-Mongols (1238), a descendant of Yuri Vsevolodovich;
– Theodora (1229-1238).

1188
Yuri Vsevolodovich is the second son of Vsevolod the Big Nest and Princess Maria of Bohemia, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod. In 1212 he became the Grand Duke of Vladimir, contrary to the tradition of succession to the throne. His father, Vsevolod Yuryevich, quarreled with his eldest son Konstantin and before his death gave the throne to his beloved son Yuri. Strife began between the brothers. In 1216, a bloody battle took place between the brothers on the Lipitsa River, in which Constantine won. Yuri fled to Gorodets, but was then returned by Constantine and declared heir to the throne. Yuri vowed to forget the past and be a second father to his older brother's young children. In 1219, after the death of Konstantin Vsevolodovich, Yuri Vsevolodovich again became the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Having learned that the Volga Bulgars had captured the city of Ustyug, Yuri sent his younger brother Svyatoslav against them, who won the victory. After receiving gifts from the Bulgars and concluding peace with them in order to secure the area between the Oka and Volga rivers for Russia, Yuri Vsevolodovich founded Nizhny Novgorod in 1221. Until 1224, the reign of Yuri Vsevolodovich was calm, but that year Rus' for the first time encountered the Mongol-Tatar hordes that came from the depths of Asia. In the first battle of Russian squads with the Tatar-Mongols on the Kalka River, Yuri Vsevolodovich did not take part. The princes were unable to agree on the joint defense of Russian land. Divided into small principalities and tormented by internal strife, Rus' could not resist the Tatar-Mongol invasion. His first victim was the Ryazan principality. Ryazan was surrounded, and ambassadors were sent to the city. “If you want peace,” said the ambassadors, “then a tenth of your wealth will be ours.” “When none of us are left alive, then you will take everything,” answered the Ryazan prince. This answer predetermined the fate of not only Ryazan, but also many other Russian cities. Ryazan was burned to the ground, and all its inhabitants were exterminated. Yuri Vsevolodovich, realizing the mortal threat, went to Yaroslavl to gather an army. In February 1238, having ravaged Suzdal, Kolomna and Moscow along the way, Batu approached Vladimir and took the city by storm. Yuri's wife, Grand Duchess Agafya, with her children and townspeople took refuge in the Assumption Cathedral, where they were all burned alive. The devastation of Russian lands continued further in two directions: towards Galich and towards Rostov. The Tatar-Mongols burned cities and villages and killed civilians. Yuri Vsevolodovich managed to gather all the combat-ready squads on the Sit River. But they could not resist Batu's hordes. In a bloody battle on March 4, 1338, the entire Russian army was killed, along with Yuri Vsevolodovich and his two sons. Soon after the battle, the headless body of the Grand Duke was found by Bishop Kirill II of Rostov and transferred to the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir - where his entire family had previously died. There was a rumor among the people that Prince Yuri managed to hide in the city of Kitezh on the shores of Lake Svetloyar, but Batu overtook him there and put him to death. At the same hour, Kitezh plunged into the waters of the lake. In 1645, the relics of the prince were discovered, at the same time Patriarch Joseph initiated the process of canonization of Yuri Vsevolodovich by the Orthodox Church. The relics of the Grand Duke were placed in a silver shrine. Yuri Vsevolodovich was canonized as the Holy Blessed Prince George Vsevolodovich.
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Grand Duke Vladimir 1212 - 1216
Predecessor:
Successor:	Konstantin Vsevolodovich

Predecessor:	Konstantin Vsevolodovich
Successor:	Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
Religion:	Orthodoxy
Birth:

Buried:	Assumption Cathedral (Vladimir)
Dynasty:	Rurikovich
	Vsevolod Yurievich Big Nest
	Maria Shvarnovna
	Agafia Vsevolodovna
	sons: Vsevolod, Vladimir, Mstislav; daughters: Dobrava, Feodora

early years

Conflict with brother

Foreign policy

Mongol invasion

Canonization

Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich(November 26, 1188 - March 4, 1238) - Grand Duke of Vladimir (1212-1216, 1218-1238).

Biography

early years

The third son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod Yuryevich Big Nest from his first marriage to the Czech royal Maria Shvarnovna. Born in Suzdal on November 26, 1187, according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, and according to the Laurentian Chronicle - in 1189. Bishop Luke baptized him. On July 28, 1192, Yuri was tonsured and on the same day he was mounted on a horse; “And there was great joy in the city of Suzdal,” the chronicler notes on this occasion.

In 1207, Yuri took part in a campaign against the Ryazan princes, and in 1208 or 1209, standing at the head of an army, he defeated the Ryazan people at the Drozdna River (probably Trostnya). In 1210, he took part in a campaign against the Novgorodians, who imprisoned his brother, Svyatoslav, and called Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny to reign; peace, however, was concluded without bloodshed. In 1211, Yuri married Princess Agathia Vsevolodovna, daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Chermny, Prince of Chernigov; The wedding took place in Vladimir, in the Assumption Cathedral, by Bishop John.

Conflict with brother

A year later, Vsevolod Yuryevich, feeling the approach of death, decided to give his eldest son Konstantin Vladimir, and his next son Yuri (Vsevolod’s second son, Boris, died back in 1188) - Rostov, but Konstantin demanded that both of these cities be given to him. His father was angry with him and, on the advice of the boyars and Bishop John, gave the Grand Duke's Vladimir table to Yuri, but this was a violation of the established order of inheritance.

On April 14, 1212, Vsevolod died, and Yuri became the Grand Duke. The very next year, strife began between Yuri and Konstantin. Brother Yaroslav took the side of the first, and brothers Svyatoslav and Vladimir took the side of the second. Yuri was ready to give Vladimir in exchange for Rostov, but Konstantin did not agree to such an exchange and offered his brother Suzdal. Yuri and Yaroslav went to Rostov, and Konstantin withdrew his regiments. The brothers stood against each other for four weeks and made peace, which, however, did not last long. Soon Vladimir Vsevolodovich captured Moscow, and Konstantin took Sogalich from Yuri and burned Kostroma. Yuri and Yaroslav, from whom Nerekhta was also taken, again approached Rostov and began to burn villages, and then, without entering into battle, reconciled with Konstantin, after which Vladimir returned Moscow to Yuri. In 1215, Yuri established a special diocese for the Vladimir-Suzdal region in order to eliminate its ecclesiastical dependence on Rostov. Abbot Simon was installed as bishop.

In 1216, the struggle between the brothers flared up with renewed vigor. Yuri began to help Yaroslav against the Novgorodians, and Konstantin entered into an alliance with the latter. Mstislav Udatny with the Novgorodians, his brother Vladimir with the Pskovites and their cousin Vladimir Rurikovich with the Smolnyans approached the capital city of Yaroslav, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, and Yaroslav went to Yuri. The Grand Duke gathered a large army, “the entire strength of the Suzdal land,” and stood on the Kze River, near Yuryev-Polsky. The opponents then left Pereyaslavl for Yuryev and settled partly near Yuryev, partly near the Lipitsa River. Before entering the battle, Mstislav made an attempt to make peace separately with Yuri, but he replied: “My brother Yaroslav and I are one person!” Negotiations with Yaroslav also led to nothing. Then Mstislav and his allies sent to say: “We did not come for bloodshed, God forbid we see blood, it is better to deal with it first; We are all of the same tribe, so we will give seniority to Prince Constantine, plant him in Vladimir, and the whole Suzdal land will be for you!” Yuri responded to this: “They came, so go wherever you want, and tell your brother, Prince Konstantin: overcome us - and then the whole earth is yours.” Novgorodians and Rostovians settled down, united, on the banks of the Lipitsa; when Yuri retreated from the previous place and fortified himself on Mount Avdova, they also occupied the mountain opposite to Yuryev. On April 20, at first there were separate skirmishes between Novgorod hunters and Yaroslav’s people, but Yuri, having sat in the fortification, did not want to go into the open field. On April 21, the allies wanted to go from Yuryev to Vladimir, but Konstantin convinced them to stay. The Suzdalians, seeing movement in their camp, thought that they were retreating and came down from the mountain to strike in the rear, but the Novgorodians immediately turned on them. A battle took place that ended in the complete defeat of the Suzdal people.

Yuri, having killed three horses, rode to Vladimir on the fourth, and by nightfall the remnants of the army arrived. The winners, approaching Vladimir on April 24, stood under it for two days; Despite the strong desire of the Novgorodians and Smolensk residents to take Vladimir by storm, Mstislav did not allow them to do this and saved the city from defeat. Yuri, leaving the city, appeared to the winners. According to the peace treaty, he was forced to cede Vladimir and Suzdal to Konstantin, and he himself received Gorodets Radilov on the Volga as an inheritance. Bishop Simon followed him there. The very next year, Konstantin gave Yuri Suzdal and, leaving the Rostov land as an inheritance to his offspring, recognized his brother as his successor at the grand ducal table. Constantine died on February 2, 1218, and Yuri became Grand Duke for the second time.

Foreign policy

Yuri Vsevolodovich, like his father, achieved foreign policy successes mainly by avoiding military clashes. In the period 1220-1234, Vladimir troops (including those in alliance with Novgorod, Ryazan, Murom and Lithuanian) conducted 14 campaigns. Of these, only four ended in battles (victories over external opponents; 1220, 1225, 1226, 1234).

Already in 1212, Yuri released from captivity the Ryazan princes captured by his father in 1208, including Ingvar and Yuri Igorevich, who came to power in Ryazan as a result of the struggle of 1217-1219 and became Yuri's allies.

In 1217, the Volga Bulgarians raided the Russian land and reached Ustyug. To take revenge on them, Yuri sent a large army under the leadership of his brother, Svyatoslav, to fight the Bulgarian land; it reached the city of Oshel on the Volga and burned it. At the same time, the Rostov and Ustyug regiments along the Kama entered the land of the Bulgarians and destroyed many cities and villages. At the mouth of the Kama, both armies united and returned home. That same winter, the Bulgarians sent envoys to ask for peace, but Yuri refused them. In 1221 (1222) he himself wanted to go against the Bulgarians and marched to Gorodets. On the way, he was met by a second Bulgarian embassy with the same request and was again refused. A third embassy arrived in Gorodets with rich gifts, and this time Yuri agreed to peace. In order to strengthen an important place for Russia at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga, Yuri at that time founded the city of “Nov Grad” (Nizhny Novgorod) here, on the Dyatlov Mountains. At the same time, he built a wooden church in the name of the Archangel Michael in the new city (later the Archangel Cathedral), and in 1225 he founded the stone Church of the Savior.

The founding of Nizhny Novgorod entailed a struggle with the Mordovians, taking advantage of disagreements between its princes. In 1226, Yuri sent his brothers, Svyatoslav and Ivan, against her, and in September 1228, his nephew, Vasilko Konstantinovich, Prince of Rostov; in January 1229 he himself went against the Mordovians. After this, the Mordovians attacked Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1232 they were pacified by Yuri’s son Vsevolod with the princes of Ryazan and Murom. Opponents of the spread of Vladimir's influence on the Mordovian lands were defeated, but a few years later, during the Mongol invasion, part of the Mordovian tribes sided with the Mongols.

Yuri organized campaigns to help his former opponents in the Battle of Lipitsa: the Rostislavichs of Smolensk, defeated by the Mongols on Kalka - in 1223 to the southern Russian lands led by his nephew Vasilko Konstantinovich, who, however, did not have to fight: having reached Chernigov, he learned of the defeat Russians and returned to Vladimir; and in 1225 - against the Lithuanians, who ravaged the Smolensk and Novgorod lands, ending with the victory of Yaroslav at Usvyat.

In Novgorod, meanwhile, the struggle between parties continued, in which Yuri also had to take part. In 1221, the Novgorodians sent envoys to him with a request to give them his son as a prince. Yuri sent his young son Vsevolod to reign in Novgorod and helped the Novgorodians in the fight against the Livonian Order, sending an army led by his brother Svyatoslav. Vsevolod, however, soon returned to Vladimir, and instead of him, Yuri sent, at the request of the Novgorodians, his brother Yaroslav. In 1223, Yaroslav left Novgorod for his Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, and the Novgorodians again asked for Vsevolod Yuryevich. This time there were some misunderstandings between Yuri and the Novgorodians; Vsevolod was taken from Novgorod to Torzhok, where in 1224 his father came to him with an army. Yuri demanded the extradition of the Novgorod boyars, with whom he was dissatisfied, and threatened, in case of disobedience, to come to Novgorod “to water his horses in Volkhov,” but then left without bloodshed, being satisfied with a large sum of money and giving the Novgorodians his brother-in-law, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich, prince Chernigovsky.

But the continuous change of princes in Novgorod continued: Yuri’s brother Yaroslav reigned there, then his brother-in-law, Mikhail Chernigovsky. In 1228, Yaroslav, again expelled from Novgorod, suspected the participation of his older brother in his exile and won over his Konstantinovich nephews, Vasilko, Prince of Rostov, and Vsevolod, Prince of Yaroslavl, to his side. When Yuri found out about this, he called all his relatives to a congress in Vladimir in September 1229. At this congress, he managed to settle all the misunderstandings, and the princes bowed to Yuri, calling him father and master. In 1230, the Grand Duke of Kiev Vladimir Rurikovich and Mikhail of Chernigov turned to Yuri with a request to settle disputes between Mikhail and Yaroslav over Novgorod. With the participation of Metropolitan Kirill, Yuri reconciled the opponents; Yaroslav submitted to the will of his elder brother and abandoned Novgorod, which was given to Michael's son, Rostislav. In 1231, Yuri went to the Chernigov land against Mikhail, who, in alliance with Vladimir Rurikovich, the Grand Duke of Kyiv, began hostile actions against Yuri's son-in-law, Vasilko Romanovich, and the latter's brother, Daniil of Galitsky. After this campaign, Mikhail lost Novgorod, which again passed to Yaroslav, after which for a hundred years only the descendants of Vsevolod the Big Nest were Novgorod princes.

In 1222-1223, Yuri twice sent troops, respectively, led by the brothers Svyatoslav to Wenden and Yaroslav to Revel to help the Estonia, who rebelled against the Order of the Sword. In the first campaign, the Lithuanians were allies of the Russians. According to the Chronicle of Henry of Latvia, a third campaign was launched in 1224, but Russian troops only reached Pskov. Russian chronicles date Yuri's conflict with the Novgorod nobility to approximately the same time. In 1229, the campaign against the order planned by Yaroslav did not take place due to disagreements with the Novgorodians and Pskovians, but in 1234 Yaroslav defeated the knights in the battle of Omovzha.

List of military campaigns of the Vladimir troops in the period 1218-1238

1220 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Volga Bulgaria, Oshel
1221 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Volga Bulgaria, Gorodets
1222 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Order of the Sword, Wenden
1223 - Vasilko Konstantinovich. Mongol Empire, Chernigov
1223 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Order of the Sword, Revel
1224 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Novgorod land, Torzhok
1225 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Battle of Usvyat
1226 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Chernigov Principality, Kursk
1226 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Mordva
1228 - Vasilko Konstantinovich. Mordva
1228 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Mordva
1232 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Principality of Chernigov, Serensk
1232 - Vsevolod Yurievich. Mordva
1234 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Order of the Swordsmen, Battle of the Emajõgi River
1237 - Vsevolod Yurievich. Mongol Empire, Battle of Kolomna
1238 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Mongol Empire, Battle of the City River

Mongol invasion

In 1236, at the beginning of the Mongol campaign in Europe, Volga Bulgaria was devastated. The refugees were accepted by Yuri and settled in the Volga cities. At the end of 1237, Batu appeared within the Ryazan principality. The Ryazan princes turned to Yuri for help, but he did not give it to them, wanting to “start the fight himself.” Batu's ambassadors came to Ryazan and Vladimir demanding tribute, but were refused everywhere.

Having destroyed Ryazan on December 16, Batu moved towards Moscow. Yuri sent his son, Vsevolod, to defend the borders of the principality. Having met enemy hordes near Kolomna, Vsevolod entered into battle with them, was defeated and fled to Vladimir (the Vladimir governor Eremey Glebovich and the youngest son of Genghis Khan Kulkan died). After this victory, Batu burned Moscow, took Vladimir, the second son of Yuri, prisoner and moved towards Vladimir.

Having received news of these events, Yuri called a council of princes and boyars and, after much deliberation, went to the Volga to gather an army. Surviving in Vladimir were his wife Agafia Vsevolodovna, sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, daughter Theodora, Vsevolod’s wife Marina, Mstislav’s wife Maria and Vladimir’s wife Khristina, grandchildren and governor Pyotr Osledyukovich. The siege of the city of Vladimir began on February 2 or 3, 1238, the city fell on February 7 (according to Rashid ad-Din, the siege and assault lasted 8 days). The Mongol-Tatars burst into the city and set it on fire. Yuri's entire family perished; of all his offspring, only his daughter Dobrava survived, who had been married to Vasilko Romanovich, Prince of Volyn since 1226. On March 4 of the same year, in the Battle of the City River, the Grand Duke's troops were defeated at the camp by secondary forces of the Mongols led by Burundai, who followed a more northern route separately from the main forces. Yuri himself was among those killed.

Canonization

According to the chronicler, Yuri was adorned with good morals: he tried to fulfill God's commandments; I always had the fear of God in my heart, remembering the Lord’s commandment about love not only for neighbors, but also for enemies, and was merciful beyond measure; not sparing his property, he distributed it to the needy, built churches and decorated them with priceless icons and books; honored priests and monks. In 1221, he founded a new stone cathedral in Suzdal to replace the dilapidated one, and in 1233 he painted it and paved it with marble. He founded the Bogoroditsky Monastery in Nizhny Novgorod.

In 1645, the incorruptible relics of the prince were found and on January 5, 1645, Patriarch Joseph initiated the process of canonization of Yuri Vsevolodovich by the Orthodox Church. At the same time, the relics were placed in a silver shrine. Yuri Vsevolodovich was canonized as a saint. Holy Blessed Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich. His memory is February 4, according to M. B. Tolstoy, “in memory of his transfer from Rostov to Vladimir.”

Legends

Founding of Kitezh. According to this legend, in 1164 Georgy Vsevolodovich rebuilt Small Kitezh (presumably modern Gorodets), founded the Feodorovsky Gorodets Monastery in it, and then went to a very remote region, where he erected (in 1165) on the shore of Lake Svetloyar Great Kitezh, that is, the legendary one city of Kitezh.

Prince's head. On the eve of the Battle of the City River, the prince learned of the death of his entire family in Vladimir. The prince fought bravely with his squad. At the end of the battle he died a martyr's death; His head was cut off and presented as a gift to Batu Khan. According to legend, Batu, as the winner, traveled with her around the battlefield. When the body and head of the prince, found on the battlefield, were combined, “the holy head clung to the holy body, so that there was no trace of the cutting off on his neck; the right hand was raised as if it were alive, indicating a feat.”

Testament of Yuri Vsevolodovich. “Get along with the Russians and don’t disdain the Mordovians. It’s a sin to fraternize and worship with the Mordovians, but it’s better than everyone else! But the Cheremis only have black ears and a white conscience!”

Grant of Mordovian land. “The old people from the Mordovians, having learned about the arrival of the Russian prince, sent him beef and beer with the young people. The young people ate expensive beef, drank beer, and brought land and water to the Russian prince. Prince Murza was delighted with this gift, accepted it as a sign of submission to the Mordovian tribe and sailed further along the Volga River. Where he throws a handful of land donated to him by the slow-witted Mordovian youth, there will be a city; where he throws a pinch, there will be a village...”

The first inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod. According to legend, the first Nizhny Novgorod settlers were artisans who fled from the boyar taxes from Novgorod. Yuri Vsevolodovich took them under his protection and involved them in construction, thanks to which the first fortress was built in a year.

The end of Nizhny Novgorod. “There is a small stream in Nizhny Novgorod near the fortress; it flows through ravines and flows into the Volga near St. Nicholas Church. His name is Pochaynaya and they say that Yuri Vsevolodovich, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod, named this stream that way, being struck by the similarity of the Nizhny Novgorod location with the Kyiv location. In the place where Pochaina originates, there is a large stone on which something was previously written, but has now been erased. The fate of Nizhny Novgorod depends on this stone: recently it will move; Water will come out from under it and drown the whole of Nizhny.”

Family

Wife - Agafia Vsevolodovna (about 1195-1238), princess of Chernigov.

Vsevolod (Dmitry) (1213-1238), Prince of Novgorod (1221-1222, 1223-1224). Married since 1230 to Marina (1215-1238), daughter of Vladimir Rurikovich. Executed by order of Batu during the capture of Vladimir by the Mongols.
Vladimir (1215-1238), Prince of Moscow, married from 1236 to Christina (1219-1238) (origin unknown, presumably from the Monomashich family). Executed by order of Batu during the capture of Vladimir by the Mongols.
Mstislav (1218-1238), married from 1236 to Maria (1220-1238) (origin unknown). He died during the capture of Vladimir by the Mongol-Tatars.

Dobrava (1215-1265)
Theodora (1229-1238)