What areas of a person’s life are served by the conversational style. Conversational style and its features

The conversational style is appropriate in the sphere of everyday, everyday and professional informal relationships. The predominant form of speech is oral (conversation, conversation), but it is possible to use a conversational style in some genres of written speech - personal diaries, notes, private letters.

In texts of the colloquial style, to a greater extent than in texts of other styles, the function of communication, or communicative, is realized.

The main properties of conversational style texts include informality, ease, unpreparedness of communication, lack of preliminary selection of linguistic means, participation of gestures, facial expressions, dependence on the situation, characteristics and relationships of speakers, a lower degree of regulation compared to book styles.

Since spoken texts are predominantly oral, a special role is played by means of the phonetic level - intonation, pauses, rhythm, tempo of speech, logical stress. Unlike other genres that exist in oral form - a scientific report, a political speech, a lecture - conversational texts are characterized by incomplete, sometimes unclear pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words, and a fast pace of speech. The orthoepic, or pronunciation, norm of colloquial speech allows for options: Hello, Leksey Mikhalych (Hello, Alexey Mikhailovich), “agreement” with stress on the first syllable (in a scientific report, lecture, speech, such stress is undesirable).

The vocabulary of conversational style texts is characterized by the predominance of concrete words over abstract ones (table, chair, sleep, eat), the widespread use of words with emotional-evaluative (eagle, dog - about a person) and colloquial-colloquial (sleep, get into trouble) coloring, as well as metaphors (vinaigrette, porridge, okroshka - about confusion; jelly, noodles, slob - about a sluggish, spineless person) against the background of neutral vocabulary. Book, foreign language and terminological vocabulary is rarely used. A feature of conversational style texts are the so-called empty words, which can replace any other words (deed, thing, thing): “I drink without sugar, but with this thing (pie).” In everyday communication, it is possible to name objects in a special way: “Give me something to cover myself with (blanket, plaid, sheet). Speech occasionalisms are often used - words created in the process of speaking, and their meaning is clear without additional explanations (opener - can opener, squealers - high-heeled shoes). Synonyms are often used, including occasional ones, and it is permissible to expand the compatibility of words.

At the word-formation level, the emotionality and evaluativeness of colloquial style texts is realized with the help of subjective evaluation suffixes with the meaning of endearment, disapproval, magnification (cold, hot, belly, thin), repetitions of words (barely, big, very big). The tendency to save linguistic resources in colloquial style texts is manifested in the fact that a phrase can be replaced by one word (condensed milk - condensed milk, stew - stewed meat, minibus - minibus) and in the formation of new words by truncation (magician - tape recorder, teacher - teacher , video - video recorder, cash - cash, strain - tension).

At the level of morphology, the conversational style is characterized by the predominance of verbs over nouns, the frequent use of personal pronouns (I, we, you, etc.), particles (well, well, after all), the use of interjections as predicates (He jumped into the water), the use present tense in the meaning of the past (this is what happened: I was walking, I looked, and he was standing and hiding), the presence of special vocative forms (Sash! Zhen!), as well as unchangeable forms (the mood is so-so), the absence of participles, gerunds and short forms of adjectives . Only in colloquial texts is it permissible to simplify the declension of phrases (I don’t have one hundred and twenty-five rubles, ask Yegor Petrovich), use case endings with –у (to leave the house, to be on vacation; cf.: to leave the house, to be on vacation) , on – and in them. p.m. h. (agreements, sectors; cf.: agreements, sectors) and in gender. p.m. the number of zero endings in some words (orange, tomato, kilogram; cf.: oranges, tomatoes, kilograms), the use of comparative forms in – and with the prefix po- (stronger, faster, better, simpler; cf.: stronger, faster , better, simpler).

In the syntax of spoken texts, as well as at the phonetic, word-formation, lexical and morphological levels, general properties are realized - expressiveness, evaluativeness, the desire to save language resources, and lack of preparedness. This is manifested in the private use of incomplete sentences (I’m going to the store; Do you want coffee or tea?), impersonal 9It’s hot today), interrogative sentences (When will you be back?), incentive sentences (Come on quickly!), free word order (How to get to the Central Market?), in special predicates (And she’s dancing again; he’s sitting reading; he doesn’t know), omission in the main part of a complex sentence of a correlative word (Put it where you got it; cf.: Put it where you got it from), in the use of introductory, inserted constructions (I , I probably won’t come; Zoya will come (she’s my cousin)), interjections (Wow!). According to scientists, non-conjunctive and complex sentences predominate in colloquial texts over complex sentences (complex sentences in colloquial texts account for 10%, in texts of other styles - 30%). But the most common are simple sentences, the length of which on average ranges from 5 to 9 words.

Example of conversational style text:

My dear darling Anechka, I received your sweet letter, and I was very sad to read how the kids cried when I left. Dear little darlings! Tell them right now that dad remembers them, kisses them and calls them to St. Petersburg. I hug and kiss continuously and bless you. I, Anya, am still unwell, my nerves are very irritated, and my head is like a fog, everything seems to be spinning. Never before, even after the most severe seizures, has such a state happened to me. Very hard. It’s like sleep and drowsiness, and they still can’t wake me up. I should take at least a couple of weeks' rest from work and incessant worries - that's what. (Dostoevsky F.M. Complete collected works: In 30 volumes. T.29. Book 1.M., 1986, P.2-9).

The conversational style text is presented in this case in written form, although the most common is the oral form. The general properties of the text include informality, ease (the author and addressee of the letter are close people), and the lack of careful selection of linguistic means.

The text of the letter mainly uses neutral vocabulary, although there are also colloquial words (dad, at least, it’s necessary). The emotional character of the text is given by words with evaluative suffixes (darling, darlings, Anechka, week); verbs conveying the author’s state (remembers, kisses, blesses); figurative means of language, for example comparisons (in the head it’s like fog, like a dream and drowsiness); expressive addresses (my dear darling Anechka, dear darlings); personal pronouns (I, them, with me, me), particles (same, even, at least, would). The syntax of the text is characterized by various types of sentences, free word order (you should rest for at least two weeks), and frequent use of homogeneous members. There are extremely short sentences (Very hard); There are even unfinished ones (... that's what). The composition of the text is free, factual information, description and narration, thematic means of communication, and emotional means of influencing the addressee predominate. The type of reaction of the addressee to the text is an emotion, an action (for example, a response letter).

In the conversational style, for which the oral form is primordial, the most important role is played by the sound side of speech, and above all by intonation: it is this (in interaction with a peculiar syntax) that creates the impression of conversationality. Casual speech is characterized by sharp increases and decreases in tone, lengthening, “stretching” of vowels, chanting of syllables, pauses, changes in the tempo of speech Instead of Alexander Alexandrovich we say San Sanych, instead of Marya Sergeevna - Mary Sergeevna. Less tension in the speech organs leads to changes in the quality of sounds and sometimes even to their complete disappearance (“hello”, not hello, does not speak, but “grit”, not now, but “ter”, instead we hear “buim”, instead of what - “cho”, etc.). This “simplification” of orthoepic norms is especially noticeable in non-literary forms of colloquial style, in common parlance.

Colloquial style vocabulary is divided into two large groups: 1) common words (day, year, work, sleep, early, possible, good, old); 2) colloquial words (potato, reading room, zapravsky, perch). It is also possible to use colloquial words, professionalisms, dialectisms, jargon, that is, various extra-literary elements that reduce style. All this vocabulary is predominantly of everyday content, specific. At the same time, the range of book words, abstract vocabulary, terms and little-known borrowings is very narrow. The activity of expressive-emotional vocabulary (familiar, affectionate, disapproving, ironic) is indicative. Evaluative vocabulary usually has a reduced connotation here. The use of occasional words (neologisms that we come up with on occasion) is typical - opener, pretty, nutcrackers (instead of nutcrackers), uvnuchit (modeled on adopt).

In the colloquial style, the law of “saving speech means” applies, so instead of names consisting of two or more words, one is used: evening newspaper - vecherka, condensed milk - condensed milk, utility room - utility room, five-story building - five-story building. In other cases, stable combinations of words are transformed and instead of two words one is used: forbidden zone - zone, academic council - council, sick leave - sick leave, maternity leave - maternity leave.

A special place in colloquial vocabulary is occupied by words with the most general or vague meaning, which is specified in the situation: thing, thing, matter, history. Close to them are “empty” words that acquire a certain meaning only in context (bagpipes, bandura, jalopy). For example: Where are we going to put this bandura? (about the closet); We know this music!..

The conversational style is rich in phraseology. Most Russian phraseological units are of a colloquial nature (at a stone’s throw, unexpectedly, like water off a duck’s back, etc.),

The word formation of colloquial speech is characterized by features determined by its expressiveness and evaluativeness: here suffixes of subjective evaluation are used with the meanings of endearment, disapproval, magnification, etc. (mommy, sweetheart, sunshine, child; crooked, vulgar, homely; cold, etc.), as well as suffixes with a functional connotation of colloquialism, for example in nouns: suffixes -k- (locker room, overnight stay, candle, stove); -ik (knife, rain); -un (talker); -yaga (hard worker); -yatina (yummy); -sha (for feminine nouns, names of professions: doctor, conductor, usher, etc.). Suffixless formations are used (snoring, dancing), word formations (lounger, windbag). You can also indicate the most active cases of word formation of adjectives of evaluative meaning: eye-asty, bespectacled, tooth-asty; biting, pugnacious; thin, healthy, etc., as well as verbs - prefix-suffixal: play naughty, talk, play, suffixed: jerk, speculate; healthy; prefixed: lose weight, buy, drink, etc. In order to enhance expression, doubling words are used - adjectives, sometimes with additional prefixation (He is so huge, huge; the water is black, black; she is big-eyed, smart, smart), serving as superlatives.

In the field of morphology, the colloquial style is distinguished by the special frequency of verbs; they are used here even more often than nouns. The particularly frequent use of personal and demonstrative pronouns is also indicative. As Professor G.Ya. notes. Solganik, “personal pronouns are widely used due to the constant need to designate the participants” of a conversation. “Any dialogue (and this is the main form of conversational speech) presupposes I - the speaker, you - the suggestor, who alternately takes on the role of the speaker, and he - the one who is not directly involved in the conversation. You can put any content into the formula I - you - he. Demonstrative pronouns and others are needed in conversational style due to their inherent breadth and generality of meaning. They are concretized by a gesture, and this creates the conditions for a very compressed transmission of this or that information (for example: It’s not here, but there). Unlike other styles, only colloquial allows the use of a pronoun accompanied by a gesture without prior mention of a specific word (I won’t take that; This one doesn’t suit me).

Of the adjectives in colloquial speech, possessive ones are used (mother’s work, grandfather’s gun), but short forms are rarely used. Participles and gerunds are not found here at all, and for particles and interjections, colloquial speech is their native element (What can I say! That’s the thing! God forbid you even remember about it! It’s a surprise for you!).

In a conversational style, preference is given to variant forms of nouns (in the workshop, on vacation, at home; a glass of tea, honey; workshop, mechanic), numerals (fifty, five hundred), verbs (I’ll read, but I won’t read, raise, and not raise, not apparently not heard). In live conversation, truncated forms of verbs are often found that have the meaning of instant and unexpected action: grab, jump, jump, knock, etc. For example: And this one grabs his sleeve; And the grasshopper jumped into the grass. We use colloquial forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives (better, shorter, harder than everyone), adverbs (quickly, more conveniently, most likely) and variant endings of pronouns (the hostess herself, in their house). Even colloquial forms are found here in humorous contexts (her boyfriend, her comrades). In colloquial speech, zero endings are fixed in the genitive plural of such nouns as kilogram, gram, orange, tomato, etc. (one hundred grams of butter, five kilograms of orange).

Under the influence of the law of economy of speech means, the conversational style allows the use of material nouns in combination with numerals (two milks, two fermented baked milk - in the meaning of “two servings”). Here, peculiar forms of address are common - truncated nouns: mom! dad! Roll! Van!

Colloquial speech is no less original in the distribution of case forms: the nominative dominates here, which in oral remarks replaces the book controlled forms. For example: He built a dacha - the station is nearby; I bought a fur coat - gray astrakhan fur; Porridge - look! (conversation in the kitchen); Shoe House - where to go? (in the bus); Turn left, crosswalk and sporting goods store. The nominative case is especially consistent in replacing all others when using numerals in speech: The amount does not exceed three hundred rubles (instead of: three hundred); with one thousand five hundred and three rubles (with one thousand five hundred and three); had three dogs (three dogs).

The syntax of colloquial speech is very unique, which is due to its oral form and vivid expression. Simple sentences dominate here, often incomplete, of the most varied structure (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal and others) and extremely short. The situation fills in the gaps in speech, which is quite understandable to the speakers: Please show me in the line (when buying notebooks); I don’t want Taganka (when choosing theater tickets); From the heart to you? (in a pharmacy), etc.

In oral speech, we often do not name an object, but describe it: Were you wearing a hat here? They love to watch until they are sixteen (meaning movies). As a result of unprepared speech, connecting constructions appear in it: We must go. In Saint-Petersburg. To the conference. This fragmentation of the phrase is explained by the fact that the thought develops associatively, the speaker seems to recall details and complements the statement.

Complex sentences are not typical for colloquial speech; non-union sentences are used more often than others: If I leave, it will be easier for you; You speak, I listen. Some non-union colloquial constructions are not comparable with any lower phrases. For example: Is there a lot of choice there or haven’t you been?; And next time, please, this lesson and the last one!

The order of words in live speech is also unusual: as a rule, the most important word in the message is placed first: Buy me a computer; Paid in foreign currency; The most terrible thing is that nothing can be done; Palace Square, are you coming out?; These are the qualities I value. At the same time, parts of a complex sentence (main and subordinate clauses) are sometimes intertwined: I don’t know where to get water anyway; I know hunger and what cold is; Are you asking about her and what did I do? As Professor N.S. notes. Valgina, “simple and complex sentences can be contaminated when subordinate clauses are included in a simple sentence as its members.” For example: Literature is when the reader is as talented as the writer (Light); Kizh Lake is where fishermen used to catch fish for seven years, and for another seven years they mowed grass in the same place (Prishv.). Subordinate clauses are included in the listed series of homogeneous members of a simple sentence (You are asking about your faces and what I noticed in them (Adv.)).

Typical colloquial complex sentences are characterized by a weakening of the function of the subordinate clause, its merging with the main one, and structural reduction: You could talk about whatever you wanted; You will work with whomever they order; Call whoever you want; I live as I have to.

A number of conversational types of sentences can combine question-answer constructions and reflect the structural features of dialogic speech, for example: Whom I respect on the course is Ivanov; Who I need is you.

The following features of conversational syntax should be noted:

* Use of a pronoun that duplicates the subject: Faith, she comes late; The district police officer noticed it.
* Placement of an important word from the subordinate clause at the beginning of the sentence: I like bread to always be fresh.
* Use of sentence words: Okay; Clear; Can; Yes; No; From what? Certainly! Still would! Well, yes! Not really! Maybe.
* The use of plug-in structures that introduce additional, additional information that explains the main message: I thought (I was still young then), he was joking; And we, as you know, are always happy to have a guest; Kolya - he is generally a kind person - wanted to help...
* Activity of introductory words: maybe, it seems, fortunately, as they say, so to speak, let's say, you know.
* Widespread lexical repetitions: So-so, just about, barely, far-far, quickly-quickly, etc.

In conclusion, we note that the colloquial style, to a greater extent than all other styles, has a striking originality of linguistic features that go beyond the scope of the standardized literary language. It can serve as convincing evidence that the stylistic norm is fundamentally different from the literary one. Each of the functional styles has developed its own norms that should be taken into account. This does not mean that colloquial speech always conflicts with literary language rules. Deviations from the norm may vary depending on the intra-style stratification of the conversational style. It contains varieties of reduced, rude speech, vernacular speech that has absorbed the influence of local dialects, etc. But the colloquial speech of intelligent, educated people is quite literary, and at the same time it differs sharply from bookish speech, bound by the strict norms of other functional styles.

Conversational style

Colloquial speech- a functional style of speech, which serves for informal communication, when the author shares his thoughts or feelings with others, exchanges information on everyday issues in an informal setting. It often uses colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.

Peculiarities

The usual form of implementation of the conversational style is dialogue; this style is more often used in oral speech. There is no preliminary selection of language material.

In this style of speech, extralinguistic factors play an important role: facial expressions, gestures, and the environment.

The conversational style is characterized by emotionality, imagery, concreteness, and simplicity of speech. For example, in a bakery it doesn’t seem strange to say: “Please, with bran, one.”

The relaxed atmosphere of communication leads to greater freedom in the choice of emotional words and expressions: colloquial words are used more widely ( be silly, talkative, talkative, giggle, cackle), vernacular ( neigh, weakling, awsome, disheveled), slang ( parents - ancestors, iron, world).

In a conversational style of speech, especially at a fast pace, a smaller reduction of vowels is possible, up to their complete elimination and simplification of consonant groups. Word-formation features: suffixes of subjective evaluation are widely used. To enhance expressiveness, doubling words is used.

Limited: abstract vocabulary, foreign words, book words.

As an example, we can cite the statement of one of the characters in A. P. Chekhov’s story “Revenge”:

Open it, damn it! How long will I have to remain frozen in this through wind? If you knew that it was twenty degrees below zero in your corridor, you wouldn’t have made me wait so long! Or maybe you don't have a heart?

This short passage reflects the following features of the colloquial style: - interrogative and exclamatory sentences, - interjection of the colloquial style "damn it", - personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons, verbs in the same form.

Another example is an excerpt from a letter from A. S. Pushkin to his wife, N. N. Pushkina, dated August 3, 1834:

It's a shame, lady. You are angry with me, not deciding who is to blame, me or the post office, and you leave me for two weeks without news of yourself and the children. I was so embarrassed that I didn't know what to think. Your letter reassured me, but did not console me. The description of your trip to Kaluga, no matter how funny it may be, is not funny to me at all. What kind of desire is there to drag yourself to a nasty little provincial town to see bad actors playing a bad old opera badly?<…>I asked you not to travel around Kaluga, yes, apparently, that’s your nature.

In this passage, the following linguistic features of a colloquial style appeared: - the use of colloquial and colloquial vocabulary: wife, to hang around, bad, to drive around, what kind of hunt, the union yes in the meaning of 'but', the particles are not at all, the introductory word is visible, - the word with evaluative word-formation suffix gorodishko, - inverse word order in some sentences, - lexical repetition of the word bad, - address, - the presence of an interrogative sentence, - the use of personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person singular, - the use of verbs in the present tense, - the use of something absent in the language plural form of the word Kaluga (to drive around Kaluga) to designate all the small provincial towns.

Lexical means

Colloquial words and phraseological units: vymahal (grown), electric train (electric train), vocabulary with an emotionally expressive coloring (class), diminutive suffixes (gray). suffixes of subjective assessment: hard worker, hard worker, hostel, secretary, director, handy. Substantivization, use of contraction words - deletion, record book; truncation - comp.

§ 2. Linguistic features of conversational style

Pronunciation. Often words and forms in colloquial style have an emphasis that does not coincide with the emphasis in more strict styles of speech: dO talk(cf.: normative Great DanesO R).

Vocabulary. Colloquial and everyday vocabulary, being part of the vocabulary of oral speech, is used in casual conversation and is characterized by various shades of expressive coloring.

These include:

nouns: lies, nonsense, spiteful, good fellow, hustle, nonsense and etc.;

Nominal adjectives: meticulous, sophisticated, hard-working, lax and etc.;

Verbs: to be sarcastic, to be greedy, to be secretive, to be sick, to chatter, to bother and etc.;

adverbs: that's it, quietly, head over heels, instantly, little by little, slowly, thoroughly and etc.

There are also colloquial pronouns (sort of), unions (once - in meaning If), parts (perhaps over there meaning, it’s unlikely Lee), INTERMEDIATE METHODS (well, eh).

Phraseology occupies a significant place in everyday speech. This is due to the dominance of a specific way of thinking in the sphere of everyday communication. Concrete thinking does not shy away from abstraction. A person generalizes his specific observations, highlighting something significant and abstracting from some particulars. For example: No smoke without fire. You can't hide an sew in a bag. Leopard change his spots. For me, mathematics is a dark forest. Quieter than water, below the grass. Instead of saying They live unfriendly, quarrel - They say: They chew like dogs.

Colloquial phraseology is the great guardian of traditional form. It stores many phraseological units that arose in ancient times.

Word formation. In the category of nouns, the following suffixes are used with a greater or lesser degree of productivity, giving the words a colloquial character:

- ak (-yak) - good-natured, healthy, simpleton;

- an (-yan) - rude, old man;

- ach - bearded man;

"- ash - tradesman;

- ak-a (-yak-a) for words of a general gender - reveler, bully, onlooker;

- szhk-a- sharing, cramming, feeding;

En is a darling;

- l-a - tycoon, thug, crammer;

- n-i - fuss, bickering;

- rel-i - running around, getting dirty;

- tai - lazy, slobbery;

- un - chatterbox, talker, screamer;

- uh-ah - dirty, fat;

- ysch - silly, naked, strong, baby;

- yag-a - poor guy, hard worker, hard worker.

Colloquial vocabulary also includes words with the suffix - sh-a, denoting female persons by their profession, position held, work performed, occupation, etc.: director, secretary, librarian, cashier.f

In most cases, subjective evaluation suffixes give words a colloquial coloring: thief, naughty girl, little house; dirt, beard; enormous, furious; in the evening, in a whisper etc.

For adjectives that are colloquial in nature, one can note the use of the suffix -ast-: big-eyed, toothy, tonguey and etc.; as well as prefixes pre-: kind, nice, most unpleasant and etc.

Many verbs in -nitchit belong to colloquial everyday vocabulary: to misbehave, to wander, to cheat.

Morphological features of colloquial speech are characterized by the following:

Prepositional case form of nouns: I'm on vacation, in the workshop (cf.: on vacation, in the workshop);

Nominative plural form: agreements, sectors (cf.: agreements, sectors);

Genitive plural form: orange, tomato (cf.: oranges, tomatoes);

Colloquial version of the infinitive: see, hear (cf.: see, hear).

Syntactic features of colloquial speech are very unique. This:

Predominant use of the dialogue form;

Predominance of simple sentences; Of the complex ones, compound and non-union compounds are more often used;

Wide use of interrogative and exclamatory sentences;

Use of words-sentences (affirmative, negative, incentive, etc.);

Extensive use of incomplete sentences;

Interruptions in speech caused by various reasons (excitement of the speaker, unexpected transition from one thought to another, etc.);

Using introductory words and phrases of different meanings;

The use of plug-in constructions that break the main sentence and introduce additional information, comments, clarifications, explanations, amendments, etc. into it;

Widespread use of emotional and imperative interjections;

Lexical repetitions: - Yes Yes Yes.

- various kinds of inversions in order to emphasize the semantic role of the word highlighted in the message: I like the white shoes better;

- special forms of the predicate.

In colloquial speech there are complex sentences, parts of which are connected by lexical-syntactic means: in the first part there are evaluative words - well done, smart, stupid etc., and the second part serves as a rationale for this assessment: Well done for standing up.

Test questions and assignments

Exercise 1.

Determine what styles these texts belong to.

A thunderstorm is an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of electrical discharges between clouds (lightning and thunder), accompanied by rain, hail and violent gusts of wind.

- What a thunderstorm! It's scary to go to the window.

Yes, there hasn't been a storm like this for a long time.

Can you imagine finding yourself in a field during such a thunderstorm...

3. A strong wind suddenly began to roar in the heights, the trees began to storm, large drops of rain suddenly hit, splashed on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out. (I. Turgenev).

Task2.

Determine your speaking style. Indicate the linguistic features of conversational style.

Hey, good man! - the coachman shouted to him. - Tell me, do you know where the road is?

The road is here; I'm standing on solid ground. - answered the roadie, - what's the point?

Listen, little man,” I told him, “do you know this side? Will you undertake to take me to my lodging for the night? (A. Pushkin).

Task 3.

What linguistic means make the text emotional?

It was about the Christmas tree. The mother asked the watchman for an ax, but he did not answer her, but got on his skis and went into the forest. Half an hour later he returned.

OK! Even though the toys weren’t very elegant, even though the hares made from rags looked like cats, even though all the dolls looked alike - straight-nosed and pop-eyed - and, finally, there were fir cones wrapped in silver paper, but such a Christmas tree in Moscow, of course, no one had it. It was a real taiga beauty - tall, thick, straight, with branches that diverged at the ends like stars.

(A. Gaidar).

Task 4.

Determine the stylistic and semantic originality of the highlighted words.

1. With this diploma of his, he’s completely arrived. 2. What are you here for? bazaar arranged? 3. I'll come to you in the evening I'll take a look. 4. I will not go in front of anyone bow! 5. The child also needs his own corner have. 6. By the way, he is a figure at work.

Exercise 5.

Uncover the meanings of colloquial metaphors.

1. Why are you sitting? inflated? What are you not happy with?

2. It is necessary that the foreman be toothy a guy so that he could talk to his superiors and suppliers, and make a reassurance to his own comrades.

3. Everything in a family almost never happens smooth. Nadya is offended by her Peter, but she herself has the same character - not sugar.

4. If you don’t develop the will in yourself from childhood, then you will grow up not as a man, but as a rag.

5. He is now so obsessed with this problem that forcing him to do something else is completely useless.

Task 6.

Match the meanings of the highlighted words. Determine which ones are stylistically neutral and which ones are conversational.

1. Nikolai in childhood was very stuttered. About fishing you tell me don't stutter.

2. Under cotton wool a blanket will make you sleep hot. What are you doing today cotton some kind.

3. He was in love with me, even matched They're wooing me a foreman in our workshop.

Task 7. Determine which of the two synonyms is neutral and which is colloquial.

1. The controller, my dears, also has a difficult job: firstly, stowaway to find the passenger, and secondly, to force him to pay a fine. I didn’t put on my jacket today, but the money was still there. Well, I had to go to work hare to go - there was no time to return.

2. - How did you spend your vacation? - I went to the Oka River, we lived in the village. All day long went through the forest. Oh, how lovely! Today is noon was dangling shopping for gifts. People before the holiday - God forbid!

3. - Well, tell me honestly: you are got cold feet Then? Tell me honestly. Well, of course, I was a little scared. And if you were me didn't you get cold feet?

4. Distribution of books disposes of Valentina Vasilyevna, you should contact her. - Who's doing your tests here? commands?

Task 8. Determine the meanings of the highlighted words.

I wake up in the morning, someone bale-bale on glass. 2. There were cakes in the refrigerator here. And the cakes bye bye. 3. Well, I think I’ll sit down now and study. And here - ding. - Vovka comes. 4. - Irina at home? - What you! I came, ate, changed clothes and whoops! - And Zhenya swims - oh-oh-oh! At least sign him up for the rescue team.

Task 9 . Explain the meaning of the highlighted expressions.

You and I, Artem, no stake, no yard. At the nearby large station, workers made porridge. Grishutka to these smugglers stood across my throat. He disappeared as if he had sunk into water. I was looking for until the seventh sweat. “It fell out of the blue,” - Rita said laughing. By night he completely exhausted. Case not worth a damn. I'm in these things shot bird. Tell me, Tsvetaev, why are you do you have a tooth on me?

Task 10 . Explain the meanings of the following phraseological units. If you have any difficulties, consult a phraseological dictionary.

Be in seventh heaven; not to believe your own eyes; walk on hind legs; open your mouth; freeze in place; both ours and yours; be silent like a fish; walk around to about; from small to large; play cat and mouse; come out dry from water; lead a cat and dog life; written in black and white; the house is a full cup; chickens don't eat money; only bird's milk is not enough.

Task 11 . Write down phraseological units with the word eye. Select similar phraseological units from your native language.

Don't take your eyes off; eat with your eyes; blink your eyes; can't close my eyes; pull the wool over someone's eyes; close (to what), open your eyes (to whom, what); speak to your eyes; speak behind your back; talk face to face; you need an eye and an eye; do by eye; blurred vision; spin before the eyes; sparks fell from the eyes; hide your eyes; go wherever your eyes take you; don't believe your eyes; fear has big eyes.

Task 12 . Replace the highlighted combinations with phraseological units with the word eye.

These apples were sent to me yesterday from Georgia - extraordinary beauty! 2. My friend and I are doing wood inlay. But in different ways. He calculates everything, copies the drawing, and then selects the tree exactly. And I - without any precise calculations. As a result: I envy him, he envy me. 3. Sergei should come to me now. Will you be offended if we go straight to my room? We really need to talk alone. 4. Something Ivan to us hasn't come for a long time. Maybe he went somewhere? 5. That closet is the whole room. spoils - I somehow feel sorry for him: we’re used to it, it’s like he’s a member of the family. 6. I think: what is Frolov trying to do? don't date me. And if he meets, he tries not to look on me. Well, then he himself came and honestly told everything.

Task 13.

Name colloquial phraseological units with words that you know head, hands, tongue etc. Select similar phraseological units from your native language.

Task 14.

Using the suffixes -UN/UN-ya, -UH-a, -USH-a, -USHK-a, -L-a (-LK-a), -K-a, -G-a, -IK, form colloquial nouns with the meaning “name of a person based on an excessively manifested characteristic.”

Boast, grumble, walk, work, yawn, whine, whine, chat.

Task 15.

Using the suffixes (-я) Г-а, -УЛ-я, (-я) K (-yak), -YSH, - CHAK, -ACH, ON-ya, -IK, -ITs-a, form from the following adjectives colloquial nouns with the general meaning of “the name of a person based on a strongly manifested characteristic.”

Modest, dirty, fat, healthy, strong, kind, cheerful, dexterous, naked, quiet, clean, stupid, smart.

Task 16.

Explain from what words these colloquial verbs are formed.

To be idle, to be frank, to be cautious, to be liberal, to be fashionable, to be modest, to be capricious, to be delicate, to be lazy.

Task 17.

Determine from the context what semantic and stylistic shades each of the highlighted nouns has.

1. Alexander! You are already an adult and I intend to talk to you like man to man. 2. Sasha, you listen to what your father tells you, he worries about you, and he knows life better than you. 3. Sasha! Don't bother me - you don't have any urgent matters right now. So come with us. 4. Ahh, Sashok! Come on, brother, come in, they were just talking about you. Just in time for tea. 5. Sashenka, You should rest a little. Go son, take a walk in the fresh air.

Task 18.

Try to reconstruct the full form of the following colloquial phrases. Sample: Not seen with a baby stroller? - Did not see woman with baby stroller?

1. Do you have cough medicine?

2. With green balconies - is this yours?

3. I'm two thirty and one bagel?

4. Behind me is a woman with glasses and a child.

5. Didn’t you come here in a gray fur coat?

6. In a blue robe, she always flirts with him.

Task 19.

Write down these combinations in two columns: in the left - stylistically neutral, in the right - stylistically marked (that is, colloquial)

Steep descent, steep temperament; household, domestic child; wave a handkerchief, wave out of town; slide down the slope, slide down the deuces; battle glory, battle girl; hold on to, city, hold on to a chair; climb a tree, get into a stupid story.

Task 20.

Replace phraseological units with synonymous words or free combinations.

She and her mother-in-law live in perfect harmony, she’s just lucky with her mother-in-law. 2. I’m not boom-boom in these tables. 3. Don't worry! We will accept them honorably. 4. Didn’t they know that they were coming here to work, and not for a picnic? If they don’t want to work properly, good riddance! 5. Don’t explain it to me, it’s been like two and two to me for a long time now. 6. – Isn’t Kostya bored there? - What you! He and Petka are like water, he has no time to think about us.

The colloquial style finds its expression both in written and oral form.