SPACE, noun. World, universe
SPACE, noun. World space beyond the earth's atmosphere
SPACE, noun. City in USA
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
SPACE, space, m. (Greek kosmos) (book). Peace, Universe. Is there anything? outside of our space? || The Universe as an organized whole (scientific, philosophical). Greek philosophy opposed chaos to the cosmos.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
SPACE, m. Greek. world, universe and creation. Cosmic, related to the universe. Cosmogony w. the doctrine of the formation of the universe. Cosmography w. description of the universe, all worlds. Cosmographer, scientist involved in cosmography. Cosmology g. the science of the laws of the material world, the earth. A cosmologist is a scientist who deals with this science. Cosmopolitan m. -tka f. global citizen; a person who does not recognize the special relations of his homeland; invader, universe. Cosmorama w. a picture of a large space, volume of terrain, written and staged in such a way that it seems alive.
Modern explanatory dictionary
"COSMOS",..1) a series of artificial Earth satellites launched in the USSR from March 16, 1962 to study outer space, solve technical problems, test spacecraft systems...2) 2-stage launch vehicles developed in the USSR for launching artificial Earth satellites "Cosmos".
SPACE (Greek kosmos), synonymous with the astronomical definition of the Universe; often distinguished as so-called near space, explored with the help of artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft and interplanetary stations, and deep space - the world of stars and galaxies.
SPACE, noun. World, universe
SPACE, noun. World space beyond the earth's atmosphere
SPACE, noun. City in USA
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
SPACE, space, m. (Greek kosmos) (book). Peace, Universe. Is there anything? outside of our space? || The Universe as an organized whole (scientific, philosophical). Greek philosophy opposed chaos to the cosmos.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
SPACE, m. Greek. world, universe and creation. Cosmic, related to the universe. Cosmogony w. the doctrine of the formation of the universe. Cosmography w. description of the universe, all worlds. Cosmographer, scientist involved in cosmography. Cosmology g. the science of the laws of the material world, the earth. A cosmologist is a scientist who deals with this science. Cosmopolitan m. -tka f. global citizen; a person who does not recognize the special relations of his homeland; invader, universe. Cosmorama w. a picture of a large space, volume of terrain, written and staged in such a way that it seems alive.
Modern explanatory dictionary
"COSMOS",..1) a series of artificial Earth satellites launched in the USSR from March 16, 1962 to study outer space, solve technical problems, test spacecraft systems...2) 2-stage launch vehicles developed in the USSR for launching artificial Earth satellites "Cosmos".
SPACE (Greek kosmos), synonymous with the astronomical definition of the Universe; often distinguished as so-called near space, explored with the help of artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft and interplanetary stations, and deep space - the world of stars and galaxies.
Wise words
If something can be proven by deeds, then there is no need to waste words on it.
This dictionary (glossary) will include astronomical terms, which will appear in the articles of this blog in the section. New terms will be constantly added and the article updated. Therefore, if you notice a word that you don’t understand, write it in a comment or email, I will definitely add its definition.
On the Internet you can find a lot of interpretations and definitions of this or that astronomical term, many are given in the form of formulas or entire articles are devoted to them. Anyone who wants to delve deeper into this or that concept will have to look for it themselves in other sources (or ask me). There will also be the most basic theses and an accessible explanation of each of the terms, so that when reading new articles, you can always quickly find and find out what a word you don’t understand means in an accessible language.
A
Aberration- image distortion. Visually, distortions and coloration appear along the edges of the observed object, which create unclear boundaries. Often aberration occurs due to the movement of stars and the Earth relative to each other.
Absolute magnitude (M)- the magnitude that a star would have if it were 10 pc (parsec) distant from the Sun. The range ranges from +18 m to -10 m. The absolute magnitude of the Sun is 4.7 m.
Absorption- absorption of gaseous substances by others (liquid or solid).
Adsorption- an increase in the concentration of a dissolved substance or gas molecules on the surface of a liquid or solid.
Accretion- the fall of matter onto a celestial object under the influence of gravitational attraction.
Albedo- part of the incident radiation that was reflected.
Angstrom- a unit of measurement of length and is equal to 0.1 nanometer or 10 -10 meters.
Annihilation- the collision of a particle and an antiparticle and their transformation into another particle.
Aperture- the diameter of the lens (telescope), more precisely, this is the diameter of the main mirror of the telescope. The larger it is, the greater the magnification, as a rule. Measured in millimeters.
Apogee- the most distant point from the Earth in the orbit of a natural satellite of the Moon or any artificial satellite of the Earth.
Asterism- a group of stars identified separately in a constellation and has an independent name.
Asteroid- a small celestial body of the Solar System that moves in orbit around the Sun. They have an irregular shape and do not exceed 1000 km in diameter.
Astronomical unit (AU)- the average distance from the Earth to the Sun and is approximately 150 million km. To be exact - 149,597,870 km.
Atmosphere- a layer of gas around a planet or its satellite that is held together by gravitational forces.
Aphelion- the most distant point from the Sun in the elliptical orbit of a planet, asteroid or comet.
B
Bulge- the central element of spiral galaxies, the inner and brightest part of the galaxies, mainly consisting of old stars.
Galaxy Bar- a “bar” or elongated condensation of stars and gas that looks like the “branches” of a spiral galaxy.
White dwarf- a star with a mass approximately equal to the mass of the Sun, but two orders of magnitude (i.e. 100 times) smaller in radius.
Blazar- celestial objects with powerful electromagnetic radiation, which are observed around supermassive black holes in the cores of radio and some other galaxies.
Bolide- a bright meteor that leaves behind a trail in the form of smoke and is often accompanied by sound phenomena.
IN
Age of the Universe- the time that has passed since the Big Bang and is approximately equal to 14.7 billion years.
G
Gas giant- a planet that is almost 100% hydrogen and helium. For example, in the solar system it is Saturn or Jupiter.
Galaxy- a stellar system consisting of billions of stars contains large amounts of dust and interstellar gases.
Gamma radiation- electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of up to 0.01 nm.
Giant- a star of enormous size, hundreds of times greater in both mass and diameter than our Sun or stars of the same spectral class.
Globule- a small dark cloud of dust and gas that is the birthplace of new stars.
D
Double star- two nearby stars at a small angular distance from each other.
Jet- a jet of plasma escaping from the center of galaxies, quasars and directed in a perpendicular direction from the object itself. Two jets are observed that are directed in opposite directions.
Galaxy disk- the plane in which most of all the stars and interstellar gas in the galaxy are concentrated.
Diffraction- deviation of a light wave from linear motion.
Z
Illumination of the starry sky- interference from artificial illumination of earthly objects when observing the starry sky at night.
Eclipse- an astronomical phenomenon in which three celestial objects line up in one line: one of the objects covers the other and its shadow is observed on the observed object.
Star is a spherically symmetrical gaseous hot celestial body that is in a state of thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium.
Magnitude(m) is a quantity that determines the brightness of the observed object. The lower the value, the brighter the object. With an increase in stellar magnitude by one unit, the brightness of the observed celestial object decreases by 2.5 times. Under ideal observing conditions (without illumination), the human eye is able to see a star up to 6 m. The zero value is approximately determined by the star Vega. The magnitude can be negative if the object's brightness exceeds that of the star Vega, for example, the Moon at full moon is -12.7 m, and the Sun is -26.7 m bright. Additionally, the concept of absolute magnitude was introduced.
Star system- several stars interconnected by gravitational forces, rotating in closed orbits and having a common center of mass.
star cluster- a large number of stars interconnected by gravitational and other forces. In one cluster, stars can differ both in composition and appearance.
Zenith- a point in the sky located above the observer’s head, spaced 90 degrees from the horizon.
Zenith hour number- a dimensionless quantity characterizing the intensity of the meteor shower and showing the number of falling meteors per hour that an observer could see.
AND
Infrared radiation- electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 1 mm to 0.8 microns. Not visible to the human eye.
TO
Quazag- the most distant space objects, very similar to quasars, but do not have any observable radio emission.
Quasar- the brightest and most distant objects in the Universe. They are used to study the structure of our Universe. Their nature, structure and composition are still not precisely known. However, having superluminosity, they can shine brighter than several nearby galaxies at the same time.
Comet- a small, fast-moving celestial body in a highly elongated elliptical orbit. There are meteorite and asteroid comets. They have a pronounced gas tail.
Convection- the process of heat transfer in which hotter substances rise and cooler substances sink to the lower layers.
Brown dwarf- very small stars, much smaller in mass and diameter compared to the Sun. The mass does not exceed 8% of the mass of the Sun. The temperature ranges from 300 to 3000 K.
Spacecraft- a device launched from Earth into space to study the planets, their composition, structure. There are near-Earth and interplanetary ones.
escape velocity— a certain speed value. Distinguish first space mission- this is the speed required for satellites to orbit around a space object (for Earth it is - 7.9 km/s). Second space— the speed required to overcome the gravitational field of a space object and leave it forever (also called “escape speed”). For the Earth it is equal to 11.2 km/s. Thus, in order to get to the Moon, it is necessary to develop a speed of at least the second cosmic speed.
Red dwarf- a small and cold star, the diameter of which should not exceed a third of the Sun. Temperatures can reach 3500 K.
Multiple stars- a system of stars that can consist of 3 to 6 stars connected by gravitational attraction.
M
Magnetar- a neutron star that has a pronounced strong magnetic field. Observed in the form of bursts of X-ray and gamma radiation.
Magnetosphere- a region of space around a celestial cosmic body that is occupied by the body’s own or induced magnetic field.
Interstellar gas- a gaseous environment, mostly rarefied, which fills all the space between the stars.
Interstellar dust- a large number of small, microscopic particles that are found in interstellar gas.
Interstellar medium- fields and matter that fills the space between stars within one galaxy.
Flicker- changes in the intensity of radiation from space objects due to the heterogeneity of the environment, as well as refraction and diffraction of light in the layers of the earth’s atmosphere.
Meteor- a phenomenon that occurs when a small celestial body enters and burns up in the Earth's atmosphere.
Meteorite- a celestial body that fell onto the surface of a large celestial object from space. Mostly they have an irregular shape and very small sizes (most of them burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere).
Meteor shower- a set of meteors or a collection of meteorites falling and burning in the Earth's atmosphere.
Mount- a device designed to mount a telescope tube. It is also used to point the telescope to the desired point in the starry sky.
N
Celestial sphere- an imaginary sphere of any (arbitrary radius) on which all stars, nebulae, planets, galaxies and other space objects are “located”.
Neutron star- a star made of neutrons. It has a very high density: with a mass of approximately 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, its dimensions are 10 - 20 km. They are the final stage of the evolution of a high-mass star.
New star- a white dwarf in a binary or multiple system, the brightness of which increased several times (by several magnitudes) as a result of a thermonuclear explosion of gas falling from a neighboring star.
ABOUT
Oort cloud- a spherical cloud that extends 1.5 light years from the outer edge of the Kuiper Belt. It contains trillions of cometary nuclei.
Orbit- the path along which a celestial body moves around another. Example: the planets of the solar system move in orbits around the sun.
P
Parade of planets- a situation in the sky when several planets of the solar system are in close proximity to each other and can be observed in the same celestial sector.
Parsec (pc)- distance equal to 206,265 AU. or 3.26 light years.
Variable star- a star that changes its brightness over time.
Perigee- the point of the orbit of an artificial or natural satellite closest to Earth.
Perihelion- the shaved point of an asteroid, planet or comet closest to the Sun.
Kuiper Belt- the area of the solar system behind the last planet that has small objects such as meteors or comets.
Precession- anticipation of the equinoxes. Gradual displacement of the points of the autumn and spring equinoxes towards the apparent annual movement of the Sun. To paraphrase, in other words, each year the spring equinox occurs earlier than the previous year.
Protostar- a star at the final stage of formation, after which it stops shrinking and becomes constant in its physical size.
Pulsar- a space object that emits periodic powerful electromagnetic pulses. These are usually very fast-spinning neutron stars.
R
Radiant- a point or small area on the celestial sphere from which meteors appear, visible to an observer from Earth during a meteor shower.
Radio galaxy- a galaxy with very strong radio emission, which is emitted from the central part of large and massive nuclei.
Telescope resolution- the minimum distance between point objects that can be distinguished separately through a telescope.
X-ray radiation- electromagnetic radiation in the range between ultraviolet and gamma radiation and has wavelengths from several tens to 0.1 angstroms.
Reflector- a telescope whose lens is a concave mirror. The image in it is upside down.
Refractor- a telescope whose objective is a lens.
WITH
Supergiant- the largest and brightest star. There are blue (young and hot) and red (old with a relatively low temperature).
Supernova- a star whose brightness increases many times over a very short period of time (millions, billions) and then gradually decreases over a long period of time. As a rule, the cause of a flare is the explosion of a star at the last stage of its development.
Luminosity - the amount of energy that a space object emits per unit time. Simply put, this is the radiation power.
Light year- the distance that light travels in 1 year and is equal to 9.46 * 10 15 meters.
Seyfert galaxy- a galaxy with an active nucleus. The spectrum contains many broad bands, indicating powerful gas emissions at high speeds. The number of such galaxies does not exceed 1% of the total number of studied spiral galaxies.
Cluster- a collection of stars or galaxies interacting with each other by gravitational attraction.
Speed of light (c)- the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is approximately equal to 300 thousand km/s.
Constellation- conditional division of a section of the starry sky. Some stars resemble mythical creatures or objects that people used to navigate in ancient times.
Spectral class of stars- temperature sequence of star classes. Depending on the class, the temperature on the surface of the star ranges from 50,000 to 2000 K. The classes are designated by a capital English letter: O, B, A, F, G, K, M (from hot to cold). This sequence is very easy to remember using this hint: Oh, Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me. (The sun is class G and the temperature of the sphere is almost 6000 K).
T
Dark matter- a hidden mass of matter that does not emit electromagnetic radiation. This substance cannot be observed, however, based on many astronomical theories, this substance exceeds the mass of all stars combined, and the bulk of it is located in intergalactic space.
Dark energy- a hypothetical type of energy. It is not observed and impossible to measure, but it plays a very large role in the expansion of the Universe. Scientists suggest that 68% of the total mass of the Universe belongs to dark energy.
The Big Bang Theory- the theory of the origin of the Universe, as a result of which at the moment of its birth the Universe was at one singular point with infinite density.
Terminator- an elliptical line that separates the illuminated part of a celestial body from the unilluminated. A good example is the Moon phases.
Nebula- a cloud of dust and interstellar gas, which is observed due to their own radiation, reflection and absorption. There are light and dark.
U
Ultraviolet radiation- electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 10 to 400 nm.
F
Photographic magnitude- the brilliance of a star that an observer would notice if the spectral sensitivity of his eye coincided with the spectral sensitivity of a photographic plate. The difference between photographic magnitude and visual magnitude is called color indicator.
H
Black hole- such a cosmic object, the second cosmic speed of which exceeds the speed of light, which contradicts the postulates of the theory of relativity. In other words, this is a region in space that emits absolutely nothing and yet has an incredible gravitational pull. Massive stars can turn into a black hole at the end of their evolution.
SCH
Cassini gap- the region between the outer rings of the planet Saturn, which can already be observed in amateur telescopes.
E
exoplanet- a planet belonging to another star other than the Sun.
Eccentricity- a measure of the elongation of the orbit of a planet or other cosmic body.
I
Galaxy Core- the central region of spiral and elliptical galaxies. Has high luminosity. The core typically contains a large number of stars, and it is believed that supermassive black holes are located in the very center.
“Vocabulary words on the topic “Space”
Space.
Etymology of the word cosmos. Word to osmosis came to the ancient Russian era from the Greek language. This word meant peace, universe, order.
From V. Dahl's dictionary: Space is the world, the universe and the universe.
Near space is explored by man. Deep space is the world of stars and galaxies.
Space is the universe. And modern world science believes that space is infinite...
Planet.
The word planet comes from the Greek "planetes", which means "Wandering".
From the explanatory dictionary. A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a star, receiving light and heat from it.
Planet Earth is the common home of all humanity. Like all other planets in the solar system, it moves around the sun and at the same time rotates around its axis. The Earth's axis is an imaginary line around which rotation occurs. The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes the changes of day and night. The earth rotates smoothly from west to east, exposing first one side or the other to the sun's rays. Everything on the surface rotates together with it, so we don’t notice this rotation. The Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis in 24 hours, that is, in a day.
The path along which the Earth moves around the sun is called the Earth's orbit.
Orbit.
ORBIT (from Latin orbita - track, path) is a circle, sphere of action, distribution.
The Earth's orbit is a circle, an ellipse. As a result of the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the cycle of day and night occurs.
Orbital station.
ORBITAL STATION is a manned or automatic spacecraft operating for a long time in orbit around the Earth, another planet or the Moon. Orbital stations can be delivered into orbit assembled or mounted in space. At orbital stations, research of the Earth and outer space, medical-biological, technical experiments and other work are carried out. At the beginning of 1995, manned orbital stations Salyut (7 orbital stations), Mir, USSR, and the Skylab orbital station, USA, were launched.
Apparatus.
From the explanatory dictionary: Apparatus is masculine. Has several meanings.
1.Device, mechanical device. (Telephone)
2. A set of organs that perform some special function of the body. (Digestive apparatus).
3. A set of institutions serving any branch of economic management (State apparatus)
4.Medical. (Medical device)
5.Space (Research vehicle)
Spacecraft.
From the history of spacecraft:
In 1986, the American spacecraft explored the planet Uranus, and in 1989 the planet Neptune. Previously, practically nothing was known about these planets. They are too far from Earth, so you can’t really see them with the most powerful telescope. And photographs taken by the spacecraft made it possible to establish that Neptune has as many as eight moons, but only two moons are visible through a telescope from Earth.
Rocket.
Mystery.
Wonder bird - scarlet tail
Flew into a flock of stars.
This bird has no wings
But one cannot help but marvel:
As soon as the bird spreads its tail,
And will rise to the stars.
To the origins of the word.
From the explanatory dictionary . Rocket is feminine. Has several meanings.
Exercise. Choose words with similar roots for the word rocket
Similar words.
Astronaut.
Mystery.
He is not a pilot, not a pilot,
He's not flying a plane,
And a huge rocket
Children, who can you tell me this is?
From the explanatory dictionary
To the origins of the word space astronaut
Exercise. Choose words with the same root for the word astronaut.
Similar words.
Astronaut. There was no such word
Among many, many thousands of words.
They brought him to Earth from the sky
From the history of astronauts.
The first astronaut in history:. He went to on ..
First astronaut: . 1961
The first woman astronaut:, , flew on the ship "Vostok-6"
Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya - twice Hero of the Soviet Union. She participated in two space flights. Savitskaya is the first female cosmonaut to go into outer space.
First: went into space.
What are astronauts called in different countries?
Astronaut(V ), astronaut(V ), rescue naut(in), taikonaut(V ) , gaganaut(V ) - a person who committed(or who has undergone special training as an astronaut and is enrolled in a group of astronauts).
Pilot-cosmonaut of the Russian Federation- . Established According to the Regulations on the honorary title, it is awarded to those who have performed outstanding flights in space. Persons awarded this title are awarded a certificate of conferment of the honorary title and a badge worn on the right side of the chest
Write the words correctly:
Space
Astronaut
Planet
Orbit
Orbital station
Spacecraft
Rocket
Rocket.
To the origins of the word. The word rocket came to us from the Italian language “rocco”, that is, “spindle”. Then rockets were used only for fireworks and looked like a spindle. After firing, the rocket glows brightly.
From the explanatory dictionary . Rocket is feminine. Has several meanings.
1. A projectile used for fireworks and signaling, consisting of a cartridge case filled with a powder composition, which, after being fired, glows brightly while flying in the air. (flare)
2. Aircraft with a jet engine. (Spacecraft)
Similar words. Rocket, rocket, rocket launcher, rocket launcher, rocket launcher.
Combination of words. Huge, three-stage, cosmic.
Mystery.
Wonder bird - scarlet tail
Flew into a flock of stars.
This bird has no wings
But one cannot help but marvel:
As soon as the bird spreads its tail,
And will rise to the stars.
Sentences and texts..
2.The rocket men took their places. They aimed a missile at an invisible target. Explosion.! The rocket went high into the sky, leaving a tail of smoke behind it. A minute, then another, and the rocket had already found its target. (S. Baruzdin)
3. The officer took out a flare gun from his bosom and fired into the sky. The red rocket soared high above him. (To Korzhikov) The origins of rockets. According to the certificate writer ( Aulus Gellius) one of the first jet devices was used more than 2000 years ago, back in , philosopher- , who forced a wooden dove to move along a wire with the help of steam, before the eyes of the amazed residents of his city. Archytas Tarensky used the “action-reaction” principle, which was scientifically described only in century. However, most historians date the origins of rockets to the times ( - n. e.), to the opening and start using it for and entertainment. The force generated by gunpowder was sufficient to move various objects. Later, this principle found application in the creation of the first And . gunpowder could fly long distances, but were not rockets, since they did not have their own reserves . However, it was the invention of gunpowder that became the main prerequisite for the emergence of real rockets.
In general, in a wordrocket denote a wide range of flying devices from holiday to space .
In military terminology the wordrocket usually denotes a class , used to defeat remote and using the principle of jet propulsion for flight. Due to the diverse use of missiles by various a wide class of different types has formed .
Most modern missiles are equipped . Such an engine can use solid, liquid or hybrid . between fuel and starts at , the resulting hot gases form an outflowing jet stream, accelerate in the jet (or nozzles) and are ejected from the rocket. The acceleration of these gases in the engine creates - a pushing force that makes the rocket move. Principle described .
Astronaut.
Mystery.
He is not a pilot, not a pilot,
He's not flying a plane,
And a huge rocket
Children, who can you tell me this is?
From the explanatory dictionary . An astronaut is a person who flies into space for the purpose of testing space technology and conducting scientific observations.
To the origins of the word The word cosmonaut consists of very ancient components. The first part is the Greek word space, one of the meanings of which is “universe”, “world”. The second part of the word astronaut makes up the Greek word nautes - “sailor”, “navigator”
Similar words. Space, cosmonaut, cosmodrome, cosmic.
Combination of words. The first, courageous, brave... cosmonaut. Pilot-cosmonaut. Flight of an astronaut; group of astronauts; meeting with astronauts, becoming an astronaut.
Sentences and texts.
1. The world's first cosmonaut was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
2.Cosmonaut. There was no such word
Among many many thousands of words.
They brought him to Earth from the sky
Pilots Gagarin and Titov (Ya. Akim)
Astronaut(V ), astronaut(V ), rescue naut(in), taikonaut(in) or gaganaut(c) - a person who has completed (or has undergone special training as an astronaut and was enrolled in a group of astronauts)
Historical facts
There were; who have completed a space flight along a ballistic trajectory with an altitude of more than 100 km (classification); who have completed a space flight along a ballistic trajectory with an altitude of more than 50 miles, but below 100 km (classification)
Among the astronauts.
According to data, the planet's astronauts spent more than 29,000 man-days, including more than 100 man-days. Representatives of 36 countries visited the Earth's orbit
Cosmonaut training in the USSR began in 1960, in the USA - in 1959.
The first woman cosmonaut was V.V. Tereshkova. In 1963 flew on the ship "Vostok-6"
The first cosmonaut in history: . He went to on.
The first astronaut to set foot on the Moon was N. Armstrong in 1969.
First astronaut: . 1961, .
The first woman astronaut: , , .
The first cosmonaut from: . It took place on board the ship.
Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya is a twice Hero of the Soviet Union. She participated in two space flights. Savitskaya is the first female cosmonaut to go into outer space.
The first cosmonaut from: (), who flew as a space tourist on a ship,