What are the personal pronouns in Russian? What case form does the reflexive pronoun self not have? Syntactic features in sentences

What is a Pronoun?

Pronoun- this is a part of speech that includes words that, unlike significant words, do not denote objects, their characteristics, quantity or order, but only indicate them.

Personal pronouns. They point to the person speaking, to the person to whom the speech is addressed. I, you, we, you. L i ch n o-y demonstratives. Point to the person or thing in question; Unlike personal pronouns, nouns can replace nouns. He, she, it, they.

The pronoun is reflexive. Indicates the attitude towards the character. Yourself.. In the dative form it can act as a particle.

And the forest stands there, smiling (Nikitin). Possessive pronouns. Indicate belonging to one of three persons. Personally possessive: my, yours, ours, yours. Reflexive-possessive: own. Personal possessive and reflexive possessive pronouns allow synonymous use; cf.: I thought of making my daughter happy with marriage (Pushki n). - I poisoned my sister, the queen (Pushkin). Personal possessive pronouns can lose the meaning of belonging and acquire other meanings. All evening, Cupid diligently helped my lancer (Lermontov) (my in the meaning of “the one who is currently the subject of speech”). Mine are moving to the city (Kuprin) one of these days (mine means “my family, relatives, friends”). Is mine here? This is how our cook Marfa once spoke about her policeman: mine (Chekhov) (colloquial usage). We will follow every step of our reviewer (Pushkin) (our in the sense of “dealing with us”).

Demonstrative pronouns. Indications of objects, their quality or quantity have a general meaning. This, that, such, such, so many, obsolete this, that, such, such.

Pronouns are interrogative-relative. In their original meaning they contain a question about a person or object, its attribute, affiliation, number of objects (interrogative pronouns). Who, what, which, which, which, whose, how many - They can attach subordinate clauses to the main clause as allied words (relative pronouns). In this function, the pronouns which and which are synonymous, but the conjunctive word which brings into the subordinate clause the general meaning of definition, and the word which - an additional shade of likening, comparison, qualitative or quantitative emphasis. Wed: It is impossible to list all the disasters that the destruction of loess brings. - It is impossible to list all the disasters that the destruction of forests brings (Paustovsky).

Determinative pronouns. Indicate a generalized attribute of an object. All, every, every, any, himself, most, different. The pronoun himself can have the meaning of an intensifying word with a noun or personal pronoun. It was Pugachev (Pushkin) himself. Here he is standing with a rifle (Tvardovsky); may mean “on your own, without anyone’s help”; He did the job himself.

Pronouns are indefinite e. They indicate unknown, indefinite persons, objects, and their characteristics. Someone, something, some, some, several, someone, something, some, whose, anyone, anything, some, whose, anyone, anything, any, someone's, something, some, some. Pronouns with particles (affixes) -to, -something, -or, are synonymous, but each of them has special shades of meaning.

Someone, something means “unknown who”, “unknown what” They told me that so-and-so (Pushkin) came to pick me up. Something suddenly flashed... rustling... quieter (Pushkin).

Someone, something mean “no matter who” (“anyone”), “no matter what” (“whatever”). If any of you, comrades, sees Zubov, please send him to me (3 a-krutkin). Take at least something and be from the products (Fadeev). Someone, something are close in meaning to the pronouns anyone, anything, but differ in their bookish character. It seemed to him that he already understood the essence of art better than any other friend. Now I have to rummage through whole piles of magazine articles in order to come across anything useful (Tendryakov).

Some people, some things mean “some, few people”, “some, few things You will still see, some people will not like my proposal (Azhaev). I still remember something from philosophy and rhetoric (Chekhov).

Pronouns are negative. Indicate the absence of a person, object or their sign.

Nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none, none, no one. The pronouns no one and nothing do not have the nominative case form.

Pronoun is an independent non-nominal part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun is a substitute for in the text.

Places of pronouns by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns according to their meaning:

1. Personal : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns indicate participants in the dialogue ( me, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects ( he, she, it, they).

2. Returnable : myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of the person or thing named by the subject with the person or thing named by the word itself ( He won't hurt himself. Hopes were not justified).

3. Possessives : . Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object ( This is my briefcase. Its size is very convenient).

4. Index fingers : this, that, such, such, so much, this(obsolete), this one(obsolete). These pronouns indicate the attribute or quantity of objects.

5. Definitive : himself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, everyone(obsolete), all kinds(obsolete). Determinative pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.

6. Interrogative : who, what, which, which, whose, how many. Interrogative pronouns serve as special question words and indicate persons, objects, characteristics and quantity.

7. Relative : the same as interrogatives, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence ( allied words).

8. Negative : no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.

9. Undefined : someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns with the prefix some- or suffixes - this, -either, -something.

Classifications of pronouns according to grammatical features

According to their grammatical characteristics, pronouns correlate with nouns, adjectives and numerals. Pronominal nouns indicate a person or object, pronominal adjectives indicate the attribute of an object, pronominal numerals indicate quantity.

TO pronouns-nouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive self, interrogative-relative who and what and negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, etc.).

TO pronouns-adjectives include all possessives, all attributives, demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relatives which, which, whose and the negative and indefinite derived from them (none, no one, some, some, some, etc.).

TO numeral pronouns pronouns refer to as many as those formed from them ( a few, some and etc.).

Grammatical features of pronouns-nouns

Pronominal nouns include the following pronouns: personal , you, he, she, it, we, you, they, returnable myself, interrogative-relative Who And What and the negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, something, someone, something, anything and etc.).

These pronouns have grammatical features similar to the grammatical features of nouns, but they also have certain differences from significant nouns. You can ask them questions: who? or what?, in a sentence these words act primarily as subjects or objects.

Let's consider the morphological features of pronouns-nouns.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces :

1st person: me, we;

2nd person: you you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

The morphological feature of the person of pronouns is expressed extra-verbally - by the personal endings of the verb in the present or future tense of the indicative mood and forms of the imperative mood of the verb, i.e. those verbal forms that have the morphological feature of the person:

1st person: I'm going, we're going;

2nd person: you go-eat, go-and-, you go-eat, go-and-those;

3rd person: he, she, it goes, let it go, they go, let it go.

For other pronouns-nouns, as well as for all significant nouns, it is not customary to determine the person.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers . There are only one personal pronoun ( me, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they) numbers.

Pronouns-nouns have a constant feature sort of . This question, like the question of number, is poorly covered in school textbooks. We will proceed from the following provisions. All personal pronouns have a constant gender marker, which, like significant nouns, is expressed non-verbally.

The pronouns I and you are of the general gender: I, you came - I, you came.

The pronoun he is masculine: he came.

The pronoun she is feminine: she came.

The pronoun is neuter: it came-o.

The plural pronouns we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their V. p. coincides with R. p. ( no you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change according to cases , i.e. they are inclined.

In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to pronouns of the 3rd person: him, to them, from her. Additions do not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, despite, etc.: thanks to her, according to him.

The reflexive pronoun-noun itself has no gender or number. It is inflected in the same way as the personal pronoun you, with the exception that the pronoun itself does not have the form I. p.

Interrogative relative pronouns who are masculine singular ( who came, but not who came or who came), and the pronoun that is neuter singular ( what happened).

Negative and indefinite pronouns formed from the pronouns who and what have the same characteristics as the pronouns who and what. The peculiarity of the indefinite pronouns someone and something is that someone has the form only I. p., and something- I. p. and V. p. A negative pronouns no one And nothing, on the contrary, do not have the form I. p.

Negative and indefinite pronouns with the prefixes not- and neither-, when used with prepositions, “miss” the preposition inside themselves: not with anyone, with anyone.

Grammatical features of pronouns-adjectives

Adjective pronouns include all possessives ( my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs), all determinatives ( himself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, every, every), demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite derived from them ( no, no one's, some, some, some and etc.).

Adjective pronouns have grammatical features similar to those of nominative adjectives: they have inconsistent signs of gender, number and case , in which they agree with the noun to which they refer, in a sentence they are a definition or (rarely) a nominal part of the predicate.

Possessive pronouns deserve special mention. his, her and theirs. Unlike the words my, yours, ours, yours, the pronouns his, her and theirs are unchangeable (cf.: his house, desk, window; his houses, desks, windows). Immutability is their constant feature.

Adjective pronouns such and such do not change by case and are used only as a predicate.

Grammatical features of numeral pronouns

Numeral pronouns are few in number. These are the words how many, so many and the pronouns formed from them several, how many, how many.

Like significant numerals, these words do not have morphological characteristics of gender and number, change according to cases and are combined with nouns in a special way: they control R. p. plural. the numbers of the noun in I. p. and V. p. and agree with the noun in indirect cases. These words are pronounced the same way:

I.p. how much

R. p. how many

D. p. how many

V.p. how much

etc. how many

P. p. how many.

The word at all is usually classified not as a pronoun, but as an adverb, since it is unchangeable.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

Pronouns are morphologically analyzed according to the following plan: I. Part of speech. General meaning. Initial form (i.p., singular). II. Morphological characteristics: 1. Constant features: a) rank by meaning, b) person (for personal pronouns), c) number (for pronounsme, you, you ) 2. Non-constant features: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role

SAMPLE PARAGRAPH OF PRONOUNS

In the gallery, some distraught citizen discovered in his pocket a bundle, tied in a banking manner and with the inscription on the cover “One thousand rubles”... A few seconds later, the rain of money, getting thicker, reached the chairs, and the audience began to catch the pieces of paper (M. A. Bulgakov).

I. Some (what?) - pronoun, initial form of some.

inconsistent signs: in husband. kind, units number, I. p.

III. Citizen (what kind?) of some kind (definition).

I. (At) yourself (at whom?) - pronoun, initial form of yourself (R. p.)

II. Constant signs: recurrent;

inconsistent signs: in R. p.

III. I discovered (where?) (circumstance).

I. Several (how many?) - pronoun, initial form several.

II. Permanent signs: indeterminate;

inconsistent signs: in V. p..

III. Reached (when?) in a few seconds (circumstance).

It's hard to say how we would manage without pronouns. Without them it is impossible to construct almost a single phrase. Here, for example, are the previous two. That is, of course, it is possible. But why bother?

If you put together all the pronouns in the Russian language, you will get an impressive document. But it doesn’t make sense to simply lump everything together. Therefore, we have prepared a special article for you. It contains all the basic information about the categories of pronouns, their grammatical features and spelling, as well as a sample of morphological analysis. Special tables will help you better master all the necessary knowledge about pronouns in the Russian language. And examples from literary works will help to more clearly imagine how the grammatical characteristics of pronouns are implemented in practice.

What are pronouns

Pronoun refers to an independent part of speech that is used instead of nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs (or their characteristics) to indicate these nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs (as well as their characteristics and quantity), without naming them.

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on which part of speech they refer to. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Pronouns are divided into two types of categories: by meaning and by grammatical features.

Digits by value:

personal;
returnable;
possessive;
interrogative;
relative;
index;
definitive;
negative;
undefined.

Sometimes reciprocal and general pronouns are also added to this classification.

Disorders based on grammatical features:

generalized subject;
generalized-qualitative;
generalized quantitative.

This classification examines how pronouns relate to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals. In some sources, a special group of pronouns that are correlated with adverbs is sometimes included here.

Now we will analyze all these categories in detail.

Classes of pronouns in Russian

By value:

Personal pronouns. In speech, they indicate its object - the person in question. Pronouns 1 ( I/we) and 2 ( you you) faces indicate participants in speech. 3rd person pronouns ( he, she, it/they) indicate persons who do not participate in the speech.

Obsolete personal pronoun one used to denote feminine (plural) objects of speech.

Personal pronouns in the Russian language change according to persons and numbers, pronouns of the 3rd person singular - also according to gender, as well as to cases.

In a sentence they play the role of subject or object.

I couldn't shake the feeling that they could see us. (Ch.T. Aitmatov)
Life is always accompanied by effort, hardship and hard work, because it is not a garden with beautiful flowers. (I.A. Goncharov)
Why don't I want to be smarter if I understand how stupid everyone around me is? If you wait for everyone to wise up, it will take too long... and then I realized that this is completely impossible. (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Reflexive pronouns. In speech, they indicate the direction of action to the subject. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative case form, but is declined in all other cases: yourself, yourself, yourself/yourself, (about) yourself. Does not change according to persons, numbers, genders.

In a sentence it acts as a complement.

If you happen to be angry with someone else, be angry with yourself at the same time, at least for the fact that you managed to get angry with someone else. (N.V. Gogol)
There is nothing more pleasant than being obliged to do everything to yourself. (N.V. Gogol)
To live for oneself is not to live, but to exist passively: you need to fight. (I.A. Goncharov)
We often allow ourselves to think that ancient people are like inexperienced children. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Possessive pronouns. In speech, they indicate that a certain object (objects) belongs to a subject (or subjects).

Possessive pronouns:

1 person – my, my, my/my And our, ours, ours / ours;
2 persons – yours, yours, yours / yours And yours, yours, yours/yours;
3 persons – him, her/them.

Possessive pronouns in the Russian language change, as you already understood, by person, gender and number, and also in combination with a noun that is being explained - by case. Third person pronouns are not inflected.

Our choices, more than our abilities, reveal our true selves. (J.K. Rowling)
In our office, out of thirty-two employees on staff, twenty-eight called themselves: “Golden Pen of the Republic.” The three of us, in order of originality, were called silver. (S.D. Dovlatov)
There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky)

Interrogative pronouns. Pronouns who?, what?, which?, which?, whose?, which?, how many?, where?, when?, where?, from where?, why? serve as interrogative words (indicate persons, objects, signs, quantity) when making interrogative sentences.

They change according to numbers, genders, cases, but not all.

Do you know what is given to man, and only to him? Laugh and cry. (E.M. Remarque)
Dear, dear, funny fool, / Well, where are you, where are you going? (S. A. Yesenin)
What is law? / The law is a tightrope on the street, / To stop passersby in the middle of the road<...>(V.A. Zhukovsky)

Relative pronouns. Pronouns who, what, which, what, whose, which, how many, where, where, when, from, why They also act as allied words in complex sentences and serve to connect the subordinate and main parts of a complex sentence.

Like interrogatives, relative pronouns who what And How many declined according to cases. The rest are based on numbers, genders and cases. Besides pronouns where, where, when, where, why, which are immutable.

In a sentence, depending on the part of speech they replace, they can act in different syntactic roles.

There are such low characters who love, as if they hate! (F.M. Dostoevsky)
People will always have something to find, discover, invent, because the very source of this knowledge is inexhaustible. (I.A. Goncharov)
Outright anger is much less repulsive than pretense of kindness. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Joy can be compared to oil in a lamp: when there is not enough oil in the lamp, the wick quickly burns out and the light from the lamp is replaced by black smoke. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Demonstrative pronouns. Indicate the signs or number of speech objects. The following pronouns fall into this category: so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then, obsolete pronouns this one.

Demonstrative pronouns in the Russian language change according to cases, gender and numbers.

I've been planning to buy myself a castle for two years. Happy are those who have nothing to lock up. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
Sometimes a person reaches such a line that if he doesn’t step over it, he will be unhappy, and if he steps over it, he will become even more unhappy. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
The truth should be served like a coat, not thrown in your face like a wet towel. (M. Twain)
Anyone who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Determinative pronouns. They are used to indicate a sign of the object of speech. These include: .

Determinative pronouns are declined according to cases and change according to gender and number.

Everyone who stops learning grows old, whether at 20 or 80, and anyone else who continues to study remains young. The most important thing in life is to keep your brain young. (G. Ford)
One good friend is worth more than all the blessings in this world. (Voltaire)
Even the most frank thought, the purest and clearly conveyed fantasy, be it truth or fiction, cannot evoke sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
We don't need magic to change this world - within us we already have everything we need for this: we can mentally imagine the best... (J. K. Rowling)

Negative pronouns. In speech they act as an indicator of the absence of the object of speech or its signs. Pronouns no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere and the like, as you can see, are formed from interrogative/relative pronouns by attaching prefixes Not-(under emphasis) and neither-(no emphasis).

In Russian, negative pronouns vary by case, gender and number.

The old truth will never be embarrassed by the new - it will put this burden on its shoulders. Only the sick, the obsolete are afraid to take a step forward. (I.A. Goncharov)
I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every little step matters for the present and future life. (A.P. Chekhov)
Never make any complex moves when the same can be achieved in much simpler ways. This is one of the wisest rules of life. It is very difficult to apply it in practice. Especially intellectuals and romantics. (E.M. Remarque)
Philosophers and children have one noble trait - they do not attach importance to any differences between people - neither social, nor mental, nor external. (A.T. Averchenko)

Indefinite pronouns. Speech expresses indefinite characteristics and the number of objects of speech, as well as their uncertainty.

Pronouns of this category are also formed from interrogative/relative pronouns by adding prefixes to them: not-, some- - something, someone, some, some, several, somehow, something and so on. And also postfixes: - then, -either, - anyone – anyone, somewhere, how much and so on.

Indefinite pronouns in the Russian language change according to gender and number, and are declined according to cases.

You can say a lot of stupid things, following only the desire to say something. (Voltaire)
Some are accustomed to living on everything ready-made, walking on someone’s feet, eating chewed food... (F.M. Dostoevsky)
In hardly anything else is human frivolity more often seen to such a terrifying extent than in the structure of marital unions. (N.S. Leskov)

Mentioned above reciprocal pronouns serve to express attitudes towards two or more persons and objects.

Their number in the Russian language is very large due to the many prepositions, thanks to which for each reciprocal pronoun there is a large number of variable forms. For example, to each other, about each other, in each other, for each other, one from the other, one for the other, one from under the other, after each other, in the end, from end to beginning, from first to second, from case to case case, time after time, from this to that– and this is not a complete list.

In a sentence they play the role of complements.

People are pressed together like rats in a cage, their anger at each other is natural for lonely kings. (A.V. Korolev)
In bad weather or just when we feel like it, we have fun looking at the contents of tin boxes. We carefully unwrap the wax paper bags and show each other what makes us who we are. (G. Petrovich)

General pronouns serve in speech to indicate objects that are combined according to any characteristics that do not express quality. For example, speech objects combined in pairs ( both; both), or identical ( the same, the same), or an integer set ( everyone, everyone, all) and so on.

Table of categories of pronouns in the Russian language

Rank by value	Examples of pronouns
1. Personal	1st person – me, we 2nd person – you, you 3rd person – he, she, it, they (+ one)
2. Returnable	myself
3. Possessives	1st person – mine, mine, my, mine, our, ours, ours, ours 2nd person – yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours 3rd person – his, her, theirs
4. Questions	Who? What? Which? what? whose? which? How many? Where? When? Where? where? For what?
5. Relative	who, what, which, which, whose, which, how many, where, when, where, why
6. Index fingers	so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then (+ this, that)
7. Definitive	all, every, all, himself, most, every, any, other, different, every, everywhere, everywhere, always
8. Negative	no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's
9. Uncertain	someone, something, some, some, several, some, some where, something, somewhere, some, any, some, somewhere, for some reason, someone

“Non-classical” categories are not included in this table intentionally so as not to create confusion.

Correlating pronouns with other parts of speech

In other words, categories based on grammatical features:

Pronouns-nouns indicate a person or thing. They are similar to nouns due to their syntactic and morphological characteristics. For example, in a sentence you can also ask them questions: who? So what? and they act as subject or object. As well as the categories of person (in personal ones, through verbs associated with them), number, gender (expressed in words associated with the pronoun) and case. By the way, the pronoun Who is masculine, and What- average.

Pronouns-nouns in the Russian language include: all personal and reflexive pronouns, some interrogative/relative, negative, indefinite. In particular: he, she, it, they, who, what, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, something etc.

Pronouns-adjectives in speech they indicate the attribute of an object, and this allows them to be correlated with adjectives. In addition, they show inconsistent signs of gender, number and can be declined according to cases. Although, for example, pronouns what And that's how it is They do not decline and in a sentence, unlike others, they can only be predicates. All other adjective pronouns act either as modifiers or as an integral part of the predicate.

Third person possessive pronouns are also unchangeable: his, her, their.

Adjective pronouns include all possessive pronouns and all attributives, some demonstrative and interrogative/relative, negative and indefinite. Namely: my, yours, yours, ours, yours, which, which, whose, that, this, most, every, every and so on.

Numeral pronouns, as you might guess, indicate the number of objects without indicating it exactly. These include pronouns as much as and their indefinite derivatives a few, some, some.

Pronouns of this category are capable of inflection according to cases (everything is the same). But they do not change by gender and number. They agree with nouns according to the same principle as cardinal numbers.

Pronouns-adverbs, already mentioned above, are a special group that is not always identified. Often they are not classified as pronouns at all. Like adjective pronouns, they indicate a characteristic, but are unchangeable and characterize an action. And this allows us to correlate them with adverbs.

Pronouns of this category do not show signs of gender and number, and are not declined according to cases. They agree with verbs according to the same principle as adverbs. And circumstances play a role in a sentence.

Pronoun-adverbs include: there, where, where, when, so.

Pronouns in Russian - table of categories in relation to parts of speech

Grammar classification	Examples of pronouns
1. Pronouns - nouns	he, she, it, they, who, what, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, something and others
2. Adjective pronouns	my, yours, yours, ours, yours, which, which, whose, that, this, most, every, each and others
3. Numeral pronouns	as much as, several, how much, how much
4. Pronouns-adverbs	there, where, where, when, so

Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns of different categories have their own peculiarities of changing according to cases. Now we will look at some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, not only the endings of these pronouns change, but also the stem:

I.p. I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

D.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

V.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P.p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The 1st and 2nd person singular pronouns do not have clearly defined gender categories: they are used in both masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Third person pronouns, when inflected, may lose their initial consonant: she- But her and so on.

2. For a reflexive pronoun myself There are only forms of oblique cases. It is also declined as a personal pronoun You:

etc. by myself (by myself)

P.p. (About Me

possessive pronouns ( my, yours, ours, yours);
index ( that, this, this);
interrogative/relative ( which, which, whose);
determinatives ( most, himself, all, every, different).

I.p. our, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

R.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

D.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; so, so, so, so

V.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; like this, like this, like this

P.p. (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours; (about) such, (about) such, (about) such, (about) such

Determinative pronouns myself And most, although similar, incline differently. The difference is indicated mainly by emphasis:

I.p. the most, the most

R.p. most, most

D.p. myself, myself

V.p. most, most

etc. by myself, by myself

P.p. (about) myself, (about) myself

* A capital letter indicates a stressed syllable.

Pay attention to the declension of attributive pronouns all, all, everything:

I.p. all, all, everything

R.p. everything, all, everyone

D.p. everything, everything, everyone

V.p. everything, all, everyone

etc. everyone, all (everyone), everyone

P.p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) everyone

When declension of feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. In interrogative/relative ( who what) and the negative ones formed from them ( nobody, nothing) of pronouns, when changing by case, the bases change:

I.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R.p. who, what, no one, nothing

D.p. to whom, what, no one, nothing

V.p. who, what, no one, nothing

etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P.p. (about) whom, (about) what, about no one, about nothing.

At the same time, in the prepositional case, the preposition breaks negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative case form:

R.p. no one

D.p. no one

V.p. no one

etc. no one

P.p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are declined in the same way as the interrogative/relative pronouns from which they are formed:

I.p. any, something

R.p. any, something

D.p. to any, something

V.p. any, something

etc. somehow, something

P.p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun some:

I.p. some

R.p. some

D.p. to a certain

V.p. no one

etc. some (some)

P.p. (about) someone

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun in other gender/number as well.

8. Some index fingers ( that's how it is), relative ( what), undefined ( someone, something) pronouns do not change by case. Pronouns and adverbs are not inflected either. there, where, where, when, so.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

We offer you a diagram of morphological analysis of pronouns and an example of such analysis.

Parsing scheme:

Indicate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put it in the nominative case (if any), singular).
Describe the morphological features:
- constants (category by meaning, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1st and 2nd persons);
- inconsistent (case, number, gender).
Indicate what role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological analysis of pronouns

Don't waste your energy trying to change people... They will not change. U them Who decided to take a strong action, That and rights (F.M. Dostoevsky).

Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – nominative case, plural.

(at) them

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without directly naming it, n.f. - They.
Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – genitive case, plural.
Role in a sentence: addition.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - Who.
Morphological features: constants – relative, pronoun-noun; inconstant – nominative case.
It plays the role of subject in a sentence.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - That.
Morphological features: constants – demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; inconstant – nominative case, singular, masculine.
Role in a sentence: subject.

Spelling pronouns

Personal pronouns

When declension of personal pronouns in Russian in indirect cases, the letter appears at the base of 3rd person pronouns n, if they have a pretext in front of them. For example, about him, to them, about her, among them and so on.

N does not join:

in the dative case, if the pronoun is preceded by a derivative preposition thanks, like, contrary, according to, towards, in spite of: contrary to to her, towards them, according to to him;
if the pronoun is used in a phrase where it is preceded by an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree: took more his, bought cheaper their.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are always written with a hyphen and a prefix some and postfixes -something, -either, -something: someone, somehow, something, somewhere and so on.

When declension of indefinite pronouns in the prepositional case between the prefix some and the pronoun places a preposition. In this case, they are written in three words: about something, about something, about something and so on.

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative/relative pronouns using prefixes not-/nor-. Not- written under stress, in an unstressed syllable - neither-: no one to trust - no one to see, no place to leave - nowhere to be found; no one, nothing, not at all, none, nobody.

When declension of negative pronouns in Russian, prepositions can be used in the forms of indirect cases. They break the word into three, which are written separately, and the prefixes become particles: no - not from anyone, nothing - from nothing, no one - not about anyone and so on.

note

1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of prefixes not-/nor- and homonymous particles not/nor:

Remember the spelling: How neither what Not it happened. Confusion in the spelling of particles not/nor leads not only to spelling errors, but also to a distortion of the meaning of the statement. Compare: not with anything(particle neither has an intensifying meaning) – nothing(particle Not has a negative value).
The choice of particle can completely change the meaning of a statement to the opposite: not one (= no one at all) – not one (= many), not once (= never at all) – more than once (= many times).
Don't confuse negative pronouns with prefixes neither- (nowhere, no one, no one) and pronouns with a particle neither (no one, no where, no one). Compare: Neither where not a trace of a person was found. - I have no idea neither who are you, neither where do you live, neither who do you serve.
Pay attention to the difference between phrases none other than - no one else; nothing more than nothing else. Particle Not expresses negation, and the entire phrase is used to contrast parts of the statement with each other. Opposition is expressed by conjunction How(= union A). If the sentence is affirmative and if it is impossible to add a second negation without violating the meaning, use the particle Not and write it separately. For example: Everything that happened was Not nothing more than a stupid prank. He stood uncertainly on the threshold Not who else but the long-awaited guest.
If a pronoun with a particle can be meaningfully replaced by particles exactly, just, then the particle is used Not and the phrase is written separately: none other than; nothing more than. Example: A registered letter arrived - nothing more than invitation to a competition that has been awaited for a long time. - A registered letter has arrived - just that invitation to the competition that has been awaited for a long time.
If the sentence is negative, i.e. the predicate has its own negative particle Not, That neither- acts as a prefix and is written combined with a negative pronoun: Neither no one else could have said it better. This is donkey stubbornness neither there was no other way to win.
If the sentence is affirmative, phrases no one else, nothing else are used for joining. A negation not expressed in a sentence exists potentially and can be restored from the context: I only want this and neither anything else (I don’t want).
If the phrase contains a conjunction How, write all words separately and with a particle Not: This package Not nothing more than a gift. If the union How no, write a prefix neither-: Neither who else does not understand me so well.
If a conjunction is used in a sentence A, write the particle Not(apart): I want to say everything Not to someone A only for him alone. If a conjunction is used And, write neither(separately if it is a particle, together if it is a prefix): Much has gone forever and neither that it won't be the same anymore.

2.Do not confuse homonyms: pronoun + preposition and conjunctions/adverbs. Pay attention to how they agree with other members of the sentence, what syntactic role they themselves play, what question can be asked of them, etc.

For what We're going to the store, what are we going to look for there? – For what do you follow me and whine all the time?
For that that you helped me, I will thank you. – But I have a wide soul and a kind heart!
What does it have to do with are all these people here? – They trained a lot and prepared for the competition, and some even abandoned their studies.
Moreover What we were able to unearth from the ancient tomb was a sword and shield. – Moreover, if you think sensibly, he has power on his side.

3.Remember that never mind– this is not a pronoun, but an adverb.

Of course, this is a very extensive material and it is difficult to master it in one go. Therefore, we suggest that you bookmark this article in your browser so that it is always at hand at the right time. Contact her whenever you need any information about pronouns.

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What are pronouns

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on which part of speech they refer to. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Pronouns are divided into two types of categories: by meaning and by grammatical features.

Digits by value:

personal;
returnable;
possessive;
interrogative;
relative;
index;
definitive;
negative;
undefined.

Sometimes reciprocal and general pronouns are also added to this classification.

Disorders based on grammatical features:

generalized subject;
generalized-qualitative;
generalized quantitative.

Now we will analyze all these categories in detail.

Classes of pronouns in Russian

By value:

Obsolete personal pronoun one used to denote feminine (plural) objects of speech.

Personal pronouns in the Russian language change according to persons and numbers, pronouns of the 3rd person singular - also according to gender, as well as to cases.

In a sentence they play the role of subject or object.

I couldn't shake the feeling that they could see us. (Ch.T. Aitmatov)
Life is always accompanied by effort, hardship and hard work, because it is not a garden with beautiful flowers. (I.A. Goncharov)
Why don't I want to be smarter if I understand how stupid everyone around me is? If you wait for everyone to wise up, it will take too long... and then I realized that this is completely impossible. (F.M. Dostoevsky)

In a sentence it acts as a complement.

If you happen to be angry with someone else, be angry with yourself at the same time, at least for the fact that you managed to get angry with someone else. (N.V. Gogol)
There is nothing more pleasant than being obliged to do everything to yourself. (N.V. Gogol)
To live for oneself is not to live, but to exist passively: you need to fight. (I.A. Goncharov)
We often allow ourselves to think that ancient people are like inexperienced children. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Possessive pronouns. In speech, they indicate that a certain object (objects) belongs to a subject (or subjects).

Possessive pronouns:

1 person – my, my, my/my And our, ours, ours / ours;
2 persons – yours, yours, yours / yours And yours, yours, yours/yours;
3 persons – him, her/them.

Our choices, more than our abilities, reveal our true selves. (J.K. Rowling)
In our office, out of thirty-two employees on staff, twenty-eight called themselves: “Golden Pen of the Republic.” The three of us, in order of originality, were called silver. (S.D. Dovlatov)
There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky)

They change according to numbers, genders, cases, but not all.

Do you know what is given to man, and only to him? Laugh and cry. (E.M. Remarque)
Dear, dear, funny fool, / Well, where are you, where are you going? (S. A. Yesenin)
What is law? / The law is a tightrope on the street, / To stop passersby in the middle of the road<...>(V.A. Zhukovsky)

In a sentence, depending on the part of speech they replace, they can act in different syntactic roles.

There are such low characters who love, as if they hate! (F.M. Dostoevsky)
People will always have something to find, discover, invent, because the very source of this knowledge is inexhaustible. (I.A. Goncharov)
Outright anger is much less repulsive than pretense of kindness. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Joy can be compared to oil in a lamp: when there is not enough oil in the lamp, the wick quickly burns out and the light from the lamp is replaced by black smoke. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Demonstrative pronouns in the Russian language change according to cases, gender and numbers.

I've been planning to buy myself a castle for two years. Happy are those who have nothing to lock up. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
Sometimes a person reaches such a line that if he doesn’t step over it, he will be unhappy, and if he steps over it, he will become even more unhappy. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
The truth should be served like a coat, not thrown in your face like a wet towel. (M. Twain)
Anyone who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Determinative pronouns. They are used to indicate a sign of the object of speech. These include: .

Determinative pronouns are declined according to cases and change according to gender and number.

Everyone who stops learning grows old, whether at 20 or 80, and anyone else who continues to study remains young. The most important thing in life is to keep your brain young. (G. Ford)
One good friend is worth more than all the blessings in this world. (Voltaire)
Even the most frank thought, the purest and clearly conveyed fantasy, be it truth or fiction, cannot evoke sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
We don't need magic to change this world - within us we already have everything we need for this: we can mentally imagine the best... (J. K. Rowling)

In Russian, negative pronouns vary by case, gender and number.

The old truth will never be embarrassed by the new - it will put this burden on its shoulders. Only the sick, the obsolete are afraid to take a step forward. (I.A. Goncharov)
I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every little step matters for the present and future life. (A.P. Chekhov)
Never make any complex moves when the same can be achieved in much simpler ways. This is one of the wisest rules of life. It is very difficult to apply it in practice. Especially intellectuals and romantics. (E.M. Remarque)
Philosophers and children have one noble trait - they do not attach importance to any differences between people - neither social, nor mental, nor external. (A.T. Averchenko)

Indefinite pronouns. Speech expresses indefinite characteristics and the number of objects of speech, as well as their uncertainty.

Indefinite pronouns in the Russian language change according to gender and number, and are declined according to cases.

You can say a lot of stupid things, following only the desire to say something. (Voltaire)
Some are accustomed to living on everything ready-made, walking on someone’s feet, eating chewed food... (F.M. Dostoevsky)
In hardly anything else is human frivolity more often seen to such a terrifying extent than in the structure of marital unions. (N.S. Leskov)

Mentioned above reciprocal pronouns serve to express attitudes towards two or more persons and objects.

In a sentence they play the role of complements.

People are pressed together like rats in a cage, their anger at each other is natural for lonely kings. (A.V. Korolev)
In bad weather or just when we feel like it, we have fun looking at the contents of tin boxes. We carefully unwrap the wax paper bags and show each other what makes us who we are. (G. Petrovich)

Table of categories of pronouns in the Russian language

Rank by value	Examples of pronouns
1. Personal	1st person – me, we 2nd person – you, you 3rd person – he, she, it, they (+ one)
2. Returnable	myself
3. Possessives	1st person – mine, mine, my, mine, our, ours, ours, ours 2nd person – yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours 3rd person – his, her, theirs
4. Questions	Who? What? Which? what? whose? which? How many? Where? When? Where? where? For what?
5. Relative	who, what, which, which, whose, which, how many, where, when, where, why
6. Index fingers	so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then (+ this, that)
7. Definitive	all, every, all, himself, most, every, any, other, different, every, everywhere, everywhere, always
8. Negative	no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's
9. Uncertain	someone, something, some, some, several, some, some where, something, somewhere, some, any, some, somewhere, for some reason, someone

“Non-classical” categories are not included in this table intentionally so as not to create confusion.

Correlating pronouns with other parts of speech

In other words, categories based on grammatical features:

Third person possessive pronouns are also unchangeable: his, her, their.

Numeral pronouns, as you might guess, indicate the number of objects without indicating it exactly. These include pronouns as much as and their indefinite derivatives a few, some, some.

Pronoun-adverbs include: there, where, where, when, so.

Pronouns in Russian - table of categories in relation to parts of speech

Grammar classification	Examples of pronouns
1. Pronouns - nouns	he, she, it, they, who, what, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, something and others
2. Adjective pronouns	my, yours, yours, ours, yours, which, which, whose, that, this, most, every, each and others
3. Numeral pronouns	as much as, several, how much, how much
4. Pronouns-adverbs	there, where, where, when, so

Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns of different categories have their own peculiarities of changing according to cases. Now we will look at some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, not only the endings of these pronouns change, but also the stem:

I.p. I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

D.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

V.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P.p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The 1st and 2nd person singular pronouns do not have clearly defined gender categories: they are used in both masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Third person pronouns, when inflected, may lose their initial consonant: she- But her and so on.

2. For a reflexive pronoun myself There are only forms of oblique cases. It is also declined as a personal pronoun You:

etc. by myself (by myself)

P.p. (About Me

possessive pronouns ( my, yours, ours, yours);
index ( that, this, this);
interrogative/relative ( which, which, whose);
determinatives ( most, himself, all, every, different).

I.p. our, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

R.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

D.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; so, so, so, so

V.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; like this, like this, like this

P.p. (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours; (about) such, (about) such, (about) such, (about) such

Determinative pronouns myself And most, although similar, incline differently. The difference is indicated mainly by emphasis:

I.p. the most, the most

R.p. most, most

D.p. myself, myself

V.p. most, most

etc. by myself, by myself

P.p. (about) myself, (about) myself

* A capital letter indicates a stressed syllable.

Pay attention to the declension of attributive pronouns all, all, everything:

I.p. all, all, everything

R.p. everything, all, everyone

D.p. everything, everything, everyone

V.p. everything, all, everyone

etc. everyone, all (everyone), everyone

P.p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) everyone

When declension of feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. In interrogative/relative ( who what) and the negative ones formed from them ( nobody, nothing) of pronouns, when changing by case, the bases change:

I.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R.p. who, what, no one, nothing

D.p. to whom, what, no one, nothing

V.p. who, what, no one, nothing

etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P.p. (about) whom, (about) what, about no one, about nothing.

At the same time, in the prepositional case, the preposition breaks negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative case form:

R.p. no one

D.p. no one

V.p. no one

etc. no one

P.p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are declined in the same way as the interrogative/relative pronouns from which they are formed:

I.p. any, something

R.p. any, something

D.p. to any, something

V.p. any, something

etc. somehow, something

P.p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun some:

I.p. some

R.p. some

D.p. to a certain

V.p. no one

etc. some (some)

P.p. (about) someone

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun in other gender/number as well.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

We offer you a diagram of morphological analysis of pronouns and an example of such analysis.

Parsing scheme:

Indicate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put it in the nominative case (if any), singular).
Describe the morphological features:
- constants (category by meaning, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1st and 2nd persons);
- inconsistent (case, number, gender).
Indicate what role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological analysis of pronouns

Don't waste your energy trying to change people... They will not change. U them Who decided to take a strong action, That and rights (F.M. Dostoevsky).

Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – nominative case, plural.

(at) them

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without directly naming it, n.f. - They.
Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – genitive case, plural.
Role in a sentence: addition.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - Who.
Morphological features: constants – relative, pronoun-noun; inconstant – nominative case.
It plays the role of subject in a sentence.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - That.
Morphological features: constants – demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; inconstant – nominative case, singular, masculine.
Role in a sentence: subject.

Spelling pronouns

Personal pronouns

N does not join:

in the dative case, if the pronoun is preceded by a derivative preposition thanks, like, contrary, according to, towards, in spite of: contrary to to her, towards them, according to to him;
if the pronoun is used in a phrase where it is preceded by an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree: took more his, bought cheaper their.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are always written with a hyphen and a prefix some and postfixes -something, -either, -something: someone, somehow, something, somewhere and so on.

Negative pronouns

note

1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of prefixes not-/nor- and homonymous particles not/nor:

Remember the spelling: How neither what Not it happened. Confusion in the spelling of particles not/nor leads not only to spelling errors, but also to a distortion of the meaning of the statement. Compare: not with anything(particle neither has an intensifying meaning) – nothing(particle Not has a negative value).
The choice of particle can completely change the meaning of a statement to the opposite: not one (= no one at all) – not one (= many), not once (= never at all) – more than once (= many times).
Don't confuse negative pronouns with prefixes neither- (nowhere, no one, no one) and pronouns with a particle neither (no one, no where, no one). Compare: Neither where not a trace of a person was found. - I have no idea neither who are you, neither where do you live, neither who do you serve.
Pay attention to the difference between phrases none other than - no one else; nothing more than nothing else. Particle Not expresses negation, and the entire phrase is used to contrast parts of the statement with each other. Opposition is expressed by conjunction How(= union A). If the sentence is affirmative and if it is impossible to add a second negation without violating the meaning, use the particle Not and write it separately. For example: Everything that happened was Not nothing more than a stupid prank. He stood uncertainly on the threshold Not who else but the long-awaited guest.
If a pronoun with a particle can be meaningfully replaced by particles exactly, just, then the particle is used Not and the phrase is written separately: none other than; nothing more than. Example: A registered letter arrived - nothing more than invitation to a competition that has been awaited for a long time. - A registered letter has arrived - just that invitation to the competition that has been awaited for a long time.
If the sentence is negative, i.e. the predicate has its own negative particle Not, That neither- acts as a prefix and is written combined with a negative pronoun: Neither no one else could have said it better. This is donkey stubbornness neither there was no other way to win.
If the sentence is affirmative, phrases no one else, nothing else are used for joining. A negation not expressed in a sentence exists potentially and can be restored from the context: I only want this and neither anything else (I don’t want).
If the phrase contains a conjunction How, write all words separately and with a particle Not: This package Not nothing more than a gift. If the union How no, write a prefix neither-: Neither who else does not understand me so well.
If a conjunction is used in a sentence A, write the particle Not(apart): I want to say everything Not to someone A only for him alone. If a conjunction is used And, write neither(separately if it is a particle, together if it is a prefix): Much has gone forever and neither that it won't be the same anymore.

For what We're going to the store, what are we going to look for there? – For what do you follow me and whine all the time?
For that that you helped me, I will thank you. – But I have a wide soul and a kind heart!
What does it have to do with are all these people here? – They trained a lot and prepared for the competition, and some even abandoned their studies.
Moreover What we were able to unearth from the ancient tomb was a sword and shield. – Moreover, if you think sensibly, he has power on his side.

3.Remember that never mind– this is not a pronoun, but an adverb.

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Instructions

Pronouns are associated with nominal parts of speech: they indicate a person, objects, characteristics and quantity, but do not name them. The presence of common grammatical features allows us to distinguish certain groups: nouns or numerals. In , like the words they replace, pronouns of different members. A correctly asked question will indicate whether the main (subject, predicate) or secondary (object, attribute, adverbial) member of the sentence is the pronoun.

Noun pronouns belonging to different categories can be the subject. Consider: “We (personal) solved a difficult problem”, “Who (interrogative) watched?”, “The teacher guessed who (relative) watched the film”, “Something (uncertain) happened”, “No one (negative) found correct answer”, “This (indicative) is becoming a habit”, “Everyone (indicative) went home.”

Rarely in a complex sentence are pronominal correlative constructions found (which - such, which - such). In such cases, these pronouns perform the function of a predicate: “As is the priest, so is the parish.”

Pronouns of different ranks (with the exception of possessives) in a sentence are quite often an object. For example: “Guests have come to see me,” “Look at yourself carefully,” “Not at all.”

Possessive, attributive, interrogative-relative, indefinite, negative, demonstrative pronouns-adjectives act as definitions. Examples of sentences with a pronoun-attribute: “I invite my friends to my birthday”, “Every sound was clearly heard”, “What day of the week is it today?”, “Some birch trees lost their leaves early”, “No obstacles are scary for brave climbers”, “ My sister has never read a book like this before.”

The circumstance answers semantic questions (“where?”, “from where?”, etc.), they are used less often than indirect ones when determining the syntactic meaning of a pronoun. Pronouns can be adverbial. But usually they are considered from the position of ambiguity and talk about two syntactic characteristics at the same time: additions and circumstances (“to whom?”, “where?” - to him; “from whom?”, “from where?” - from you).

Numeral pronouns “how many, so many” represent a single member of a sentence together with the word with which they are used. As a rule, this word occurs in the nominative or indirect case. Such phrases will be subject or object.

Indefinite pronouns: “someone”, “something”, “some”, “several”, “once”, “someone”, “something”, “anyone”, “something”, “something” then", "somewhere", "someone", "sometime" and others. They indicate unknown, uncertain objects, properties, quantity. Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding the particle “not” to interrogative pronouns.

Negative pronouns: “nobody”, “nobody”, “nothing”, “none”, “nothing”, “nobody’s”, “nowhere”, “nowhere”, “never” and so on. Used to indicate the absence of objects, features or quantity. They change in the same way as interrogative pronouns.

Determinative pronouns are: “himself”, “all”, “everyone”, “everyone”, “any”, “other”, “other”, “everywhere”, “everywhere”, “always”, etc. They change according to numbers , genders and cases, perform the function of definition in a sentence.

Sources:

what is this pronoun

Personal pronouns include the following - “I”, “you”, “we”, “you”, “he”, “she”, “they” and “it”, which in speech and in a sentence indicate a specific person or thing . Such words have their own morphological and syntactic features.

Instructions

The pronouns “I” and “we” indicate the speaker or a group of people that the speaker may be a member of. “You” and “you,” in turn, signal a specific interlocutor being addressed, or a group of which this interlocutor is part. “He”, “she” and “it” indicate a specific person who is not directly involved in the speech, but who may be spoken about. The pronoun “they,” in turn, denotes a group of persons who do not participate in speech, but are mentioned.