Learning any language begins with mastering letters, sounds and pronunciation features. Without this, learning to read and write becomes impossible.
The modern English alphabet consists of 26 letters: 6 vowels and 20 consonants.
If you are an adult, then memorizing the alphabet will not be as difficult for you as it is for a child. If you are studying with a child, start learning the alphabet with the sounds that each letter makes, and only then enter the designation of the sound - the letter!
Learn vowels. There are only 6 of them, so this task will not be difficult.
|
Letter |
English transcription | Russian transcription | Sound
(English transcription) |
Sound (Russian transcription) |
| [Hey] | [æ] | [e] | ||
| Ee | [and:] (long) | , [e] | ||
| [ouch] | , [i] | [ay], [and] | ||
| Oo | [əu] | [OU] | [o] | |
| [yu:] (long) | , [ʌ] | [yu], [a] | ||
| Yy | [wy] | , [i] |
In English transcription the sign [:] - colon, indicates the longitude of the sound, i.e. it must be pronounced in a drawn-out manner.
Consonants are easier to remember if you break them down into logical groups:
Consonants similar in appearance to Russian letters and in pronunciation:
|
Letter |
English transcription | Russian transcription | Sound
(English transcription) |
Sound (Russian transcription) |
| [si:] | [k], [s] | [k], [s] | ||
| Kk | [kay] | [k] | ||
| [um] | [m] | |||
| [ti:] | [t] |
Consonants that are similar to Russian, but are pronounced or written differently:
|
Letter |
English transcription | Russian transcription | Sound
(English transcription) |
Sound (Russian transcription) |
| [bi:] | [b] | [b] | ||
| Dd | [di:] | [d] | ||
| [el] | [l] | [l] | ||
| Nn | [en] | [en] | [n] | |
| [pi:] | [p] | [P] | ||
| Ss | [es] | [s] | ||
| Xx | [the ex] |
Consonants that do not exist in Russian:
|
Letter |
English transcription | Russian transcription | Sound
(English transcription) |
Sound (Russian transcription) |
| [ef] | [f] | [f] | ||
| Gg | [ji] | , [g] | ||
| [H] | [h] | [X] | ||
| Jj | [jay] | |||
| [cue] | [kv] | |||
| Rr | [ɑː] | [A:] | [r], [ɑ : ] | |
| [in and] | [v] | [V] | ||
| Ww | [‘dʌblju:] | [double] | [w] | |
| [zed] | [z] |
It is better to learn the English alphabet in blocks, writing and naming each letter as much as you need. This way you simultaneously use three types of memory: auditory, visual and motor (motor). After memorizing the letters, you can perform exercises to consolidate the material covered and self-test.
Exercises
Write the letters on a piece of paper from memory, saying each letter out loud. If you don’t remember the name or have difficulty “reproducing” the next letter, you can use the hint. Select a “difficult” letter for yourself and continue working on the exercise. After writing the entire English alphabet, write out all the underlined letters separately in one row. Repeat them. Write a few more rows of these letters randomly, calling them out loud. If you are sure that the “difficult” letters no longer cause difficulties, do the exercises again.
Write the letters of the alphabet (26) on small squares. Place the squares face down. Take each square in turn, saying the letter out loud. Put the letters you named incorrectly or the letters you forgot aside. After working on all the squares, take all the letters you set aside and do the same exercise with just those letters. Repeat the exercise several times, putting aside only those letters that are not remembered.
Ask someone to point to a letter in the text and you name it. Or ask to name any letter, and you name its neighbors, etc.
Memorization work can be structured as follows:
Learn the material and put it aside.
Repeat after 15 minutes.
Repeat again after an hour.
Repeat the next day.
Repeat in a week.
In this case, the memorized material will be stored in memory forever!
Games for memorizing the English alphabet
If it is possible to involve 2-3 people, then you can diversify the study of the alphabet with games:
“Spell the word”
Any English text is accepted. Players take turns calling out the letters in order, starting with the first word in the text. The one who named incorrectly is eliminated from the game. The last one left in the game wins.
"What is missing?"
The presenter chooses from 26 cards with five to ten letters, depending on the age of the participants. Players remember letters. After everyone has turned away, the presenter removes one or two letters. Players must remember which letters are missing.
"Who is faster?"
Each player is dealt the same number of cards. The players' task is to arrange the cards in alphabetical order as quickly as possible.
“Find a match”
Participants in the game are given cards with capital letters. On the back of each card is a lowercase letter. The task of each player is to remember and write down a lowercase letter in 3 minutes. The one who writes the most letters wins.
“Continue”
One of the players begins to say the alphabet from the beginning, the leader stops at any letter. Players must pick up where the previous player left off as quickly as possible.
“Remember Five”
Each player is given a letter face down. On command, players turn over the card. Players need to write the next 5 letters of the alphabet as quickly as possible. The one who completed the task raises his hand.
Songs
Songs are a great way to memorize the letters of the alphabet. The melody for them can be found on the Internet.
Lyrics
ABCDEFG HIJKLMNOP QRST UVW QRST UVW XYZ
Oh, well you see,
Now I know the ABC!
There is another version of this song, the last two lines of which are as follows:
Now I know the ABC
Next time won’t you sing with me!
Currently, textbooks on the English language give two options for pronunciation of the letter Rr: [ɑː] and [ɑːr]. In the second option, the second sound is an oversound, that is, it is not pronounced in its pure form, but muffled. Both options are correct.
In English transcription you can find several ways of writing the same sound. This is due to a gradual change in the spelling of certain sounds, often for the purpose of simplification, for example: [ɛ] - [e] Both sounds are pronounced [e] with the overtone [е].
Further actions
After learning the English alphabet, it is advisable to learn the sounds that each letter can convey. In English, one letter can convey several sounds, depending on the type of syllable and combination with other letters (see tables).
Then you should move on to mastering the rules of reading (from simple to complex) and practice reading individual words, and then texts. Feel free to read texts from elementary school textbooks, because they are compiled in such a way as to illustrate the basic rules of reading using specific vocabulary.
install a widget on Yandex for learning the English alphabet
Dear reader, if before studying English you became familiar with the names of Latin letters in chemistry or physics ( H 2 O - "ASH-Two-O", mv 2 /2 - "EM-VE Square in Half") or at least when playing chess ( e2-e4 - "E Two - E Four"), then the transcription of English letters may have become an unpleasant surprise for you.
Out of habit, such names of English letters as A - "hey", E - "and", I - "ay" And R - "a"(in the latter case the sound " R"although it is implied, it is very often not pronounced or pronounced very quietly). And the Latin letter W, which in Russian is traditionally called " double-ve", called in English " double", that is " double U", although its bottom edge in the printed image has two sharp, rather than rounded protrusions. This happened because in the old days U And V did not differ. There are also differences between American, British and Scottish English, between formal and colloquial English.
And you also need to not get confused with G - "ji", J - "jay" And H - "H", and explain to particularly gifted telephone interlocutors that "pi"- This P, not a Greek letter π (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter ( ≈3,14 ), while herself π pronounced in English "share".
Impeccable automatic knowledge of the names of English letters is a very important skill that should not be neglected when learning English. Why is this necessary? Isn’t it better to practice your grammar or expand your vocabulary? But the pronunciation of letters is not theoretical phonetics divorced from life. The fact is that English abbreviations are almost always spelled out, and you may also be asked to spell out your name or some alphabetic code ( "Could you spell your name, please?" ).
And if you don’t know the names of the letters, you’ll have to blush and mumble something unintelligible. And some English abbreviations entered the Russian language with incorrect pronunciation, for example VIP should be pronounced like "wee-ay-pee", but has already taken root in the Russian language as "vip". When abbreviations contain several identical letters in a row, they are often pronounced using the words "double-" and triple- ("triple"), for example, when you need to name an Internet address, www pronounced "triple double".
What should you do if you need to pronounce some alphabetic code in a radio exchange in the air or at sea? You can't allow misunderstandings and hiccups in negotiations between pilots and air traffic controllers, or in negotiations between English-speaking military personnel and their non-English-speaking allies, so that the gunner does not mix up the code for the square "i" How "e".
To prevent ambiguity or misunderstanding, a code is used to represent letters in words, known as "NATO code"(phonetic alphabet of the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO). Surprisingly, even this code has shortcomings in certain situations, which is why in some cases the letter names in it had to be replaced.
And if you want the English alphabet with transcription to unobtrusively scroll through before your eyes every time you go to Yandex, then you can install a Yandex widget that will scroll through the letters of the alphabet forward, backward, or separately.
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To start learning English, you first need to master the letters, their sounds and correct pronunciation.
Without this, it is impossible to learn reading and writing, which are basic when learning a foreign language. The modern English alphabet consists of 26 letters, of which 6 are vowels and 20 are consonants.
How to quickly memorize the alphabet?
First of all, you need to learn the vowels. There are few of them, so they are easier to remember.
In English transcription, the colon sign indicates the longitude of the sound, i.e. it must be pronounced in a drawn-out manner.
Particular attention should be paid to the letter Yy. This letter is often mistaken for a consonant. In fact, it is very easy to remember if you associate it with the letter Ii. In words, these two letters are read the same.
Consonants are easier to remember if you break them into logical groups:
- Consonant letters that are similar in appearance to Russian ones and are pronounced the same as them:
| Cc | si | |
| Kk | kay | |
| mm | Em | |
| Tt | you |
- Consonants that are similar to Russian, but are pronounced or written differently:
- Consonants that do not exist in Russian:
| Ff | ef | |
| Gg | ji | |
| Hh | HH | |
| Jj | Jay | |
| Cue | ||
| Rr | [ɑː] | A |
| Vv | in and | |
| Ww | [‘dʌblju:] | double |
| Zz | zed |
It is better to learn the English alphabet in blocks, writing and naming each letter in several lines. This is how three types of memory work at once: auditory, visual and motor.
After you have done this, then perform a series of exercises to consolidate the results.
Exercises:
- Write the letters on a piece of paper from memory, saying each letter out loud. If you don’t remember the name or are at a loss as to which letter is next, you can look at the hint. When you have written a “difficult” letter, underline or circle it and continue further. After writing the entire English alphabet, write out all the underlined letters separately in one row. Repeat them. Write a few more rows of these letters randomly, calling them out loud. When you are sure that you have memorized, start the exercise over again.
- Cut 26 small squares and write letters on them. Place face down on the table. Take each square in turn, saying the letter out loud. Check yourself using the table. Put those letters that you named incorrectly or forgot aside. After working with all the squares, take all the letters set aside and do the same exercise only with them. Repeat several times, each time putting aside only those that are not remembered.
Remember that any work on memorizing something should be structured as follows:
- Learn and set aside.
- Repeat after 15 minutes
- Repeat in an hour
- Repeat the next day
- Repeat in a week.
In this case, the memorized material will be stored in memory forever!
Games for memorizing the English alphabet
If it is possible to involve 2-3 people, then you can diversify the study of the alphabet with games:
- “Spell the word”
Any English text is accepted. Players take turns calling out the letters in order, starting with the first word in the text. The one who named incorrectly is eliminated from the game. The last one left in the game wins.
- "What is missing?"
The presenter chooses from 26 cards with letters 5-10, depending on the age of the group. Players remember letters. After everyone has turned away, the presenter removes one or two letters. Players must guess which letters are missing.
- "Who is faster?"
Each player is dealt the same number of cards; they need to be sorted in alphabetical order as quickly as possible.
- “Find a match”
Participants in the game are given cards with capital letters. On the back of each card is a lowercase letter. 3 minutes are given. During this time, each player must remember and write down a lowercase letter. The one who writes the most letters wins.
- “Continue”
One of the players begins to say the alphabet from the beginning, the leader stops at any letter. Players must pick up where they left off as quickly as possible.
- “Remember Five”
The leader gives each player a letter face down. On command, players turn over the card. You need to write the next 5 letters of the alphabet as quickly as possible. The one who completed the task raises his hand.
Songs
To quickly memorize the alphabet, you can use songs. The melody for them can be found on the Internet.
Oh, well you see,
Now I know the ABC!
There is another version of this song, the last two lines of which go like this:
Now I know the ABC
Next time won’t you sing with me!
Currently, textbooks on the English language give two options for pronunciation of the letter Rr: [ɑː] and [ɑːr]. In the second option, the second sound is an oversound, that is, it is not pronounced in its pure form, but muffled. Both options are correct.
In English transcription you can find several ways of writing the same sound. This is due to the fact that the rules for writing certain sounds are gradually changing, often towards simplification, for example:
Both sounds are pronounced [e] with the sound [e].
I learned the alphabet, what should I learn next?
After learning the English alphabet, it is advisable to learn the sounds that each letter can convey.
In English, many letters have multiple sounds, depending on the type of syllable and combination with other letters:
| Aa | [æ] | her, a (long), e (with a sound I) |
| Bb | [b] | b |
| Cc | [s][k] | s,k |
| Dd | [d] | d |
| Ee | [e] | uh, and (long) |
| Ff | f | |
| Gg | [g][s] | g, s |
| Hh | [h] | X |
| II | [i] [ə:] | ay, i, e (similar sound) |
| Jj | [j] | y, j |
| Kk | [k] | To |
| Ll | [l] | l |
| mm | [m] | m |
| Nn | [n] | n |
| Oo | [əu][ɔ:][ɔ] | uh, oh (long), oh |
| Pp | [p] | P |
| que | ||
| Rr | [r] | a (long), p (similar) |
| Ss | [s] | With |
| Tt | [t] | T |
| Uu | [ə:][ʌ] | yu (long), yo (similar), and |
| Vv | [v] | V |
| Ww | [w] | ue (there is no equivalent in Russian) |
| Xx | ks | |
| Yy | [i] | ah, and |
| Zz | [z] | h |
Then you should move on to mastering the rules of reading. You need to start with the simplest, namely the first and second types of syllables. Having studied the basic rules, you can move on to mastering basic language topics.
You should start with the simplest:
- “A story about myself”
- “A story about a friend”
- "Appearance. Character"
- "My family"
- "My schedule"
- "My hobbies"
- "Weather"
- "My house"
- “My city (country)”
The sequence of such work is as follows:
- Working with thematic text: reading, translation, memorizing words
- Memorizing text
- Translation of written sentences from English into Russian and vice versa.
- Answers on questions
- Compose your story by analogy
At first, these topics can be very basic. After studying and practicing them, you can complicate them. Each text should be worked out “inside and out”.
If the text contains grammatical tasks, then be sure to work them out by studying the topic in detail.
Good results can only be obtained with systematic training. You should exercise every day for at least 30 minutes. In order not to relax, you need to make yourself a schedule of classes and hang it in a visible place.
And, of course, strictly adhere to the schedule, without citing any circumstances. You can study less often, 2-3 times a week. In this case, the lesson should last at least an hour.
If these rules are strictly followed, learning the alphabet will take a maximum of 3 lessons.