Subject : Nominative and accusative cases

Target:Familiarize yourself with the ways of distinguishing I.p. and V.p., determine the case of nouns (Im.p. and Vin.p.) in the text.

Pedagogical tasks:

Create conditions for familiarization with ways to distinguish the accusative case from the nominative case; - improve the ability to distinguish between the nominative and accusative cases;

Promote the development of spelling vigilance;

To promote interest in the Russian language.

Planned subject results:

They will become familiar with the way to distinguish the accusative case from the nominative case through the identification of the main and minor members of the sentence;

They will learn to distinguish between the nominative and accusative cases, change nouns by case;

Parse the proposal by members,

Determine the case of nouns.

Metasubject UUD:

educational : navigate the textbook: determine the skills that will be developed based on studying this section;

regulatory : accept and maintain the goal and learning task corresponding to a certain stage of the lesson, with the help of the teacher; understand the highlighted action guidelines (in textbook assignments, cards);

communicative : defend your point of view, observing the rules of speech etiquette; argue your point of view with the help of facts and additional information; be critical of your opinions.

Personal results:

Recognize language as the main means of human communication;

Understand that correct oral and written speech is an indicator of a person’s individual culture; -possess the skills of cooperation with the teacher and peers in the process of performing joint activities in the lesson.

Org. moment

Ι. Updating knowledge.

- It's an unusual day for us

And the class is full of guests

What should we tell our guests?

- We are very glad to see you!

- Guys, I’m always very happy

Enter our friendly class

For me this is already a reward -

The shine of your smart eyes

I know everyone in our class is a genius

But without labor, the mind is of no use

Let's work together

And together we’ll write a lesson

- Now let’s smile at each other and start our lesson

-The lesson begins

It will be useful for the guys.

Try to understand everything

Learn to reveal secrets,

Give complete answers,

To get paid for work,

Just the “Five” mark!

- First, let's remember the rules. Complete each rule

Working in pairs

-If you know, put +

If you find it difficult -?

If you don't know -

1.Noun-

2. Constant signs of nouns –

3. Inflection of nouns –

4. Inconstant signs of nouns -

5. In Russian... cases.

6.Names of cases, auxiliary words, questions:

7. A noun in the nominative case in a sentence is always –

8. A noun in the accusative case in a sentence is always –

- Which rules did not seem very familiar to you?

– Open your notebook.

– What should you write down? (Date.)

Commented number entry.

– Write “Cool work.”

On the board are the words: on the mark, at the mark, mark, mark, about the mark, about the mark.

Read it. What can you say about this recording?

What kind of task can you create?

Write these nouns. in order of cases.

Mark, at the mark, by the mark, about the mark, by the mark, about the mark – 6b.

What needs to be done to determine the case of nouns?

Today, in a minute of penmanship, we will write three letters, the first is a suffix in the word mark. What letter is this? (TO)

The second is the ending in noun. mark used in I.p. What letter is this? (A)

The third letter is the ending in the noun. mark used in V.p. What letter is this? (U)

Determine the order of letters in this row:wow

kaauuu kaauuu kaauuu

Formulation of the problem.

- Write this series of letters in the specified sequence.Remember in what cases the noun was used, the mark in which we highlighted the letters for a minute of penmanship? Make any guesses about what will be discussed in the lesson? (I.p. and V.p)

II . Formulating the problem.

Amazing twist of fate:

We are studying the nominative case,

And you need to know the accusative case,

Distinguish from nominative.

(T. Rick)

You and I know that there are six cases in the Russian language. But a new question arises: are they all used in the same way in speech? It turns out that the cases are used extremely unevenly: some cases are used often, others rarely. The most common case in writing is the nominative case, followed by the genitive and then the accusative. These three cases account for 77% of all case forms, and the other three only 23%. In colloquial speech, the nominative case also leads, the accusative case is in second place in terms of frequency of use, and the genitive case takes an honorable third place.

– State in your own words the main problem of the lesson. (How to distinguish the nominative from the accusative?)

Problem situation .

Ex. 132 – two points of view on determining the case of a word are presentedstory .

– Which guy is right?

– Do you agree with the guys' explanations? Suggest your own option, if necessary.

– Why there were disagreements in determining the case of a nounstory ? (The noun answers the same question in different casesWhat? )

– What does a noun have in common?story with nounscity , island ? (They are inanimate, m.p., singular)

– Formulate a problematic question.

– Specify the problematic problem to be solved in class.( How to distinguish I.p. from V.p., if the forms match and answer the question What? )

III . Discovery of new knowledge.

Performing work according to options. (Suggestions on slides).

Material is proposed for deriving the rule for distinguishing I.p. and V.p., having similar forms (with a zero ending).

– Read the highlighted words.

– Is it possible to immediately determine their case? Why? (Zero ending, no prepositions, questionWhat? can be set to both I.p. and V.p.)

Encouraging dialogue .

– What else needs to be done to correctly determine the case of these nouns? (Determine which member of the sentence they are.)

– Do it.

Leading dialogue .

– Underline the main parts of the sentence.

– Which part of the sentence are the highlighted words in each example?

Make an intermediate conclusion: how to distinguish the subject from the secondary member of a sentence? (The subject denotes the one who performs the action, this person (object) is the producer of the action, it is closely related to the predicate.)

– Who is the producer of the action in the first two examples, and in examples numbered 2, 3? Underline the subject.

– What is the case of a noun if it is the subject? (I.p.)

– What if this is a minor part of the sentence? (V.p.) Prove it. (Ask a double question to nounsisland , city , story .)

– Draw a conclusion: how to distinguish I.p. in a sentence. from similar to

him V.p.(Determine which member of the sentence the word is; if the subject is I.p., if the minor member is V.p.)

2) Testing assumptions based on inference within the framework of the textbook.

Reading the 1st paragraph of the rule (p. 120).

3) Continue the search.

Material is proposed for distinguishing cases with and without preposition .(Suggestions on slide)

– Do nouns have prepositions in the nominative case?

– Draw a conclusion.

4) Testing assumptions.

Reading the 2nd paragraph of the rule (p. 120).

– What new did you learn? Write down the prepositions of the accusative case.

– Convey the content of each part of the rule using diagrams, including keywords.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MINUTE “CASES”:

The nominative jumped up,
And the Parent was flying.
The dative climbed up the hill,
And Accusative is tired.
Our Creative One swam,
And Predlozhny ran away.
We all need cases -
And yet everyone is important.

IV . Skill development

Work in groups.

Performing differentiated tasks.

Level 1.

Determine the case of nouns

Drive into a village, chop with an ax, turn blue from the frost, work in a factory, help a friend, snow falls.

Level 2.

Enter prepositions and determine the case of nouns

Run ______river, drove up ______ factory, met ______forest,

flew _______ field, read ______animals.

Level 3.

Make up sentences, determine the case of nouns

On, the animal, sat, red, stump

U, had, a fluffy, animal, tail

Squirrel, spruce tree, teeth, pine cone, gnawing

Working with proposals.

1st group. Write down those sentences in which the word “station” is in the nominative case.

2nd group. Write down those sentences in which the word “station” is in the accusative case.

The station is located on the outskirts of the city.

The station received a message about the arrival of the train.

Passengers approaching the city see the station .

This station was built before the war.

3rd group. – Write down those sentences in which nouns in the accusative case appear first. (work with cards)

4th group - Write down those sentences in which nouns in the nominative case come first. (work with cards)

The sea is washing away the shore.

A deer ran out to the edge of the forest.

Birds make nests.

A bird flew up a tree.

Now guys, check yourself. (slide with correct answers)

2.Now listen to what the Nominative and Accusative cases say about themselves.

I - Nominative case,
And I don’t have other people’s clothes on me.
Everyone recognizes me easily
And the subject is called.
I don’t like prepositions since childhood,
I can't stand being around you.
My questions are WHO? So what?
No one will confuse you with anyone.

And I am the accusative case,

And I blame it all on the ignorant.

But I love excellent students,

I catch “fives” for them.

Who to call, what to play,

I'm ready to give the guys some advice.

4.Game with signal cards

Signed a postcard, heavy cloud, forest path, walked through a clearing, sang a song, shore is eroding, migratory birds, smart girl, freshened the air, funny song, dropped a pencil, new album, caught in a net, forest edge, behind a high fence.

(Children's answers)

Executing the test. (Slide)

Questions for the student who did the work (the beginning of the formation of a self-assessment algorithm):

– What did you need to do?

– Did you manage to complete the task?

– Did you do everything right or were there any mistakes?

– Did you compose everything yourself or with someone's help?

– What was the task level?

– What skills were developed during this task?

– What mark would you give yourself?

– Now we are together with...(student's name) learned to evaluate their work.

– What did we do in class? What skills did you develop?

V . Lesson summary.

– What did you do best today?

– What difficulties did you have?

– Who got a note in the diary today?

– For what?

VI . Homework.

1. Ex. 3, p. 118.

2. Be able to convey the content of the rule based on the diagram (p. 120).

Instructions

In order to determine case names, it is necessary, first of all, to pose a question to. Words related to nominative case y, to the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative form case A.

Determine what the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the nominative form case a.Accusative case om denotes a word that is a minor member in a sentence, a direct object. For example, ask the guys to define case in this sentence.
The girl writes. Ask them to pose questions, determine which member of the sentence they are. They should come to the following result. The word “girl” answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and therefore is used in the accusative case e.

Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that the noun is used with or without it. Words in the nominative case They are not used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

It is also worthwhile when determining case and compare the endings in . So, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case A. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. For example, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word "wall" U. This means it has an accusative case.

Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case to her.

“Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl and Ordered to Drag a Diaper” - the first letters of this literary nonsense orderly read out the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Each of them speaks about the temporary state of a particular noun, which can change in case form. Determining the type of case of a noun is not difficult; you just need to figure out what question each case answers.

Instructions

Case nominative– initial, real sound of the word. Answers the questions “who?” or “what?” If it is inanimate, for example: a window, a house, a book, a bus, then it answers the question “what?”, and if it is animate, for example, a girl, an elephant, a mother, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?” This distribution according to the liveliness of the subject will concern everyone, which is why each case has two questions. Example 1. Man (who?) is an animate noun in the nominative case, machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

Genitive case, from the word “to give birth to whom?” or “what?” No matter how funny it may sound, this is exactly how the question should be asked. A number of questions are the same, so some words will sound the same, the main thing is to put the case question correctly. Example 2. A person (whom?) is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

The accusative case answers the question: “whom to blame?” or “what?” In the above example, an inanimate noun coincides, so the case is determined logically, according to meaning. Example 4. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if it makes sense: I bought a car (genitive case), but crashed the car (accusative case).

The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or “what?” Example 5. By a person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, by a machine (by what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

Prepositional case - posing a question that is not consonant with its name: “to talk about whom?” or “about what?” It is easy to determine a word in this case, since a noun in this case always has . Example 6. About a person (about whom?) is an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) is an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

Even if a case question does not match the meaning in a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Related article

Sources:

• School experience
• cases example words

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from the accusative case

Cases of the Russian language is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when you need to distinguish the genitive case from the accusative case.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language according to the school curriculum, nouns in the accusative and genitive cases,

Instructions

There are six: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. To determine case, auxiliary words and questions are used. The spelling of the ending of the word depends on this. Very often they confuse the genitive (no: whom? what?) and the accusative (blame: whom? what?), since the questions to animate objects are asked the same: “who?”

Ask a question. If in doubt, ask the noun a qualifying question: “no what?” (for genitive) and "I see what?" (for accusative). If a word takes the form of the nominative case, it means that in this case it is accusative. For example: small fish (accusative: I see what? a fish, you can’t say: there’s nothing? a fish).

If you need to determine the case in order to place endings, substitute the word “cat” or any other word instead of the noun, but be sure to use the first one. Depending on the ending, determine the case. For example: pride in the teacher is the accusative case, because, substituting the word “cat” in place of the noun, we get: pride in the cat. The ending "u" indicates the accusative case. The ending "and" is in the genitive.

Analyze the relationship of words in. Genitive, as a rule, the relationship between a part and the whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (a sister’s jacket), it is used in comparison (more beautiful than a queen). The accusative is used to convey spatio-temporal relations (work for a week), the transition from an action to an object (drive a car).

Use the same methods for the inflexible. For example: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

note

The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, a certain amount (drink milk), and the genitive case denotes the extension of the action to part of the object (drink milk).

Helpful advice

An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

Sources:

• Page dedicated to the grammatical characteristics of a noun

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases may be the same, so to determine the case, you need to ask the correct question about the word being checked.

Instructions

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it appears. Find the word that the noun you are checking refers to - that’s why words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase “I love dogs,” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs.” The word “dogs” in this sentence is subordinate to the word “love”. Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case they answer the question “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “is” can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?). The question of the genitive case is “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “no” can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question “to whom?/what?” and is combined with the auxiliary word “to give”. The question of the accusative case is “who?” or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame.” Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom?/what?” and are combined with the words “created” and “pleased.” Finally, with the following questions: “about whom?/about what?”, “in whom?/in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word “I think”.

To determine case, you first need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, since they always agree in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear,” the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, therefore the case of the adjective “big” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that designates a person or thing and answers the questions “who?” So what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in the Russian language. To prevent cases from being confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. To be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions and what it is used for.

Instructions

To never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions specific to it, by asking which you will receive the corresponding one. Accusative case questions are the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or, more precisely, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relations (week, walk a kilometer); transition of the action entirely to the object (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely the accusative case as a dependence on (offended for a friend).

However, even using rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine case, so always use special questions. In terms of its questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, which coincides with, substitute it instead

The accusative case answers the questions "who? what?" and is used in sentences and phrases only with verbs and its forms (participle and gerund). The most common function of this case in the Russian language is the expression of the direct object of the action: I read a book, draw a picture and so on. What else can the accusative case mean, and how to distinguish it from the genitive? Read the article below!

What does case mean?

The case discussed in the article can have completely different meanings.

For example:

• The accusative tense will indicate the time of an already completed action - “meet every Tuesday.”
• The accusative quantity should be used to denote cost when there is a reference to the quantitative side of the verbal action - “cost one hundred rubles.”
• A noun in the accusative case of measure will indicate a measure of time or space - “to run three kilometers.”
• The accusative of the object will name the object to which the action is directed - “throw the ball.”
• The accusative of the result will designate an object that will be the result of some action - “sew a T-shirt.”

In order to correctly determine the case in front of you, you need to know the questions of the accusative case (who? what?). Substitute “blame” or “see” with the word, and you will immediately understand everything. For example, I blame (who?) my grandmother, I see (what?) a cutlet.

Case meanings

This form of the word has two main meanings: objective and subjective.

1. The objective meaning may appear next to a transitive verb ( buy a cat), next to the predicate ( sorry, visible, necessary, painful, sorry for the dog) and in one-part sentences expressing the required object ( reward for the brave).
2. Subjective meaning can only be expressed in a sentence (not in a phrase). The accusative case, located at the beginning of a sentence, which tells us about the state of the person ( The boys were inspired by the award). The subject meaning is expressed by the case in sentences like “The child is shivering.” This meaning is also expressed by sentences that do not have a clear subject of action ( a person was killed).

Case endings

Questions in the accusative case also determine its ending.

So, what should be the endings for these forms of words?

• Singular nouns: horse, land, mother, pig, field, mouse, path, banner.
• Accusative case of plural (the number plays a big role in setting the correct ending) number: horses, land, mothers, pigs, fields, mice, paths, banners.
• Adjectives and participles in the singular have the following endings: oval and oval, oval, oval; soft and soft, soft, soft; hare and hare, hare, hare.

Accusative prepositions

This case can be combined with a large number of prepositions, both simple and derivative. If a word is combined with simple prepositions (in, for, under, on, with), then it has a definitive meaning. Moreover, this definition can be different - by place, time, property, reason, purpose, and so on. Paired with a simple preposition, a word in the case we are analyzing can also have an objective meaning ( vote for a deputy, go mushroom picking). The word can also perform the function of replenishing the necessary information ( got a reputation for being a talker).

In the whole sentence, the form of the word in the accusative case paired with a simple preposition performs other functions. For example, case can indicate a predicative feature ( medal for bravery). The accusative case can even extend the sentence ( a kilometer from the village there is a lake; Miracles happen on New Year's Day). Paired with the prepositions “for” and “under,” the word can express the meaning of approximate ( he is over forty, she is under fifty).

Also, words in the accusative case form can be combined with derived prepositions ( despite, despite, a day later).

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive: method one

In order not to confuse the cases of the Russian language, you need to remember that each of them has its own question, depending on the meaning of the case. By asking a universal question and finding a match for it, you will easily understand which case the word is in front of your eyes. The genitive case often denotes belonging, the whole-part relationship, a sign of an object in relation to some other object, an object of influence, and so on.

This form of the word is associated with the questions “no who?”, “no what?”. The accusative case will answer the questions “I see who?”, “I see what?” It is very difficult to determine the form of a word only by its meaning or ending. It is too difficult to remember all the meanings of the genitive and accusative case; they have many nuances. And the endings of nouns in these forms may even coincide!

Difficulties can especially often arise in determining the case of an animate noun. If the question is “who?” does not help you cope with the task, then imagine an inanimate noun in place of the animate noun. Ask a question for the genitive “no what?” and for the accusative “I see what?” If the word being defined has the same form as in the nominative case, then it is in the accusative case.

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive: method two

• If the noun in front of you is inanimate, just ask the right question ( I buy (what?) flowerpots; I don’t see (what?) pots). In the second case, the word is in the genitive case.
• If you see an animate noun of the 2nd declension masculine, put any word of the 1st declension in its place and watch the ending ( I see a boar - I see a fox: ending y - genitive); ( no boar - no fox: ending ы - accusative).
• If you see an animate noun in the plural, then simply replace it with an inanimate noun ( I love people - I love (that) letters- accusative; I love the kindness of people - I love the kindness of letters- genitive).

Remember that in Russian there are many indeclinable nouns ( coffee, flower pots and so on), looking the same in any case. In this case, all higher-level advice may not be suitable. Always check the correctness of the case definition with a key question, and there will be no mistakes.

Students very often face the need to determine the case of nouns. This must be done, for example, when you need to check the spelling of an unstressed vowel at the end. Difficulty arises when distinguishing the nominative and accusative cases, because auxiliary questions for words used in these cases are almost the same.

Instructions

• In order to determine the case of nouns, it is necessary, first of all, to pose a question to the word. Words related to the nominative case answer the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative case.
• Determine which part of the sentence the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the form of the nominative case. The accusative case denotes a word that is a secondary member in the sentence, a direct object. For example, ask the children to determine the case of the nouns in this sentence.
  The girl writes a letter. Ask them to put questions to the words, to determine which part of the sentence they are. They should come to the following result. The word “girl” answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and, therefore, is used in the accusative case.
• Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that a noun is used with or without a preposition. Words in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.
• When determining case, it is also worth comparing the endings in words. Thus, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative case. Accordingly, in the accusative case - U, Yu. For example, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case. The word "wall" has the ending U. This means it has the accusative case.
• Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between the nominative and accusative cases.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive and nominative?

Perhaps the most interesting of all cases in the Russian language is the accusative. Because everyone else answers their questions calmly and does not cause difficulties. With the accusative case everything is different. It can very easily be confused with a nominative or genitive. After all the accusative case answers the questions “Whom?” What?" The accusative case denotes the object of the action. A noun, being in the accusative case, experiences the action of another noun, which in this sentence is a predicate. Everything becomes clear with the example: “I love my brother.” The noun "brother" will be in the accusative case. And he will experience a feeling of love from the pronoun “I”. What you should pay attention to when determining the case, so as not to confuse it with the nominative, is the ending. Below is the table:

To distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case, we will use auxiliary words and questions. For the genitive - no (who, what), for the accusative - I see (who, what). As you can see, the questions are different for animate and inanimate objects. Let's play on this.

Let's look at an example:

“Grandma is not at home.” Let's substitute an inanimate object - “there are no keys in the house.” No one, what? Grandmothers, keys. Genitive.

“I don’t see a plate on the table.” Let's substitute an animate object - “I don’t see my brother on the table.” I don’t see who – my brother, I don’t see what – a plate. Whom, what – accusative case.

Features of the accusative case.

The accusative case is used with prepositions such as “In, for, about, on, through.” Difficulties may still arise with the accusative case when tense concepts are indicated in sentences. Let's give an example: “Rewrite an essay all night.” The nouns “night” and “abstract” are in the accusative case in this sentence. You need to be extremely careful with such offers. Along with the confusion between the accusative and the nominative, it can also be confused with the genitive. Let's give an example: “Wait for mother” and “Wait for message.” In the first case the case will be genitive, and in the second case it will be accusative. The difference here is due to the declination of animate and inanimate objects, as we already wrote above.