My interlocutor today is Director of WWF Russia, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Master of Pollution and Environmental Control (University of Manchester, 1991), Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Traveler.
About travel
I know that you travel a lot... Why do you need this?
For two reasons. Firstly, of course, at work. Our projects in Russia are located from Chukotka to the Barents Sea and from the Caucasus to Lake Khanka. There are foreign trips with WWF colleagues. Secondly, I'm going on vacation. Every year I try to visit the Western Caucasus. This is my favorite place. I did my dissertation there in the 80s.
For the last 5-7 years, my friends and I have been going on long trips to see the animal world. These are serious trips that involve some scientific research. In 2008, we traveled through South Africa, visiting South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. A little later we traveled around India. We saw 16 tigers in a week. This does not happen here in the Far East. Meeting one tiger in a week is already a great success.
Have you been to Australia?
Yes, in 1993. I was on a business trip and worked at the biological station of the University of Sydney. Participated in scientific research.
O animal world
Of my interlocutors, you are the first to place such emphasis on animals. Why are they interesting to you?
I am a biologist by training. Already from the age of 6-7 I knew that I would become a field biologist and go on expeditions.
What do you want to see and see in the animal world?
It gives me great pleasure to observe animals in their natural habitat. In much the same way as people go to a museum to look at paintings. So I don’t understand the paintings, but I understand the animal world.
What is your favorite animal?
Brown bear. I was studying it. I know how this animal lives. Unfortunately, I don’t know what it’s thinking about...
It gives me great pleasure to watch a bear fishing in Kamchatka or digging for roots in the Caucasus.
You mentioned that the animal thinks. Do Animals Really Think?
Certainly. Another question is how they think. It is believed that animals do not have abstract thinking. They think objectively. They have dreams. To verify this, just watch a sleeping dog or cat.
What can a person learn from animals?
Naturalness. Look at an animal in captivity. It often seems awkward. And when you look at an animal in its natural environment, you immediately understand how harmoniously this animal fits into its environment.
What to learn...? You can try to learn this harmony. Learn to consume correctly. What it is? For example, how to eat exactly as much as you need. Learn not to occupy an area that is larger than you need. Do not deplete the reserves of what your life and the life of your species depend on. Humanity has long upset this balance. We consume approximately 35% more than is reproduced. This is a road to nowhere.
It turns out that we are eating up the planet?
Yes. Animals don't do this.
But animals don’t produce anything...
It depends on how you look. For example, herbivores consume grass and produce manure, which is an excellent fertilizer. This is a sustainable system. The system built by humanity is not sustainable.
About happiness
You once said that you invented your own definition of happiness. What is happiness?
For me, happiness is the confidence that you live correctly. This is an internal state that does not depend in any way on material well-being, marital status or even health. This is for me. For other people, this state can be achieved in a variety of ways. Some people need money, others definitely need a loved one nearby.
What is a “correct life”?
You can replace the word “correct” with the word “own”. To be happy, you need to live your life. The feeling of happiness is an indicator of the correctness of your way of living. If you suddenly stop feeling this sensation, it means that you have lost your way somewhere.
How much can you trust your inner feeling?
I think you can trust it. This, by the way, is another point that can be learned from animals. They know how to rely on their feelings. I note that for a person this does not mean at all giving up logical thinking. I'm talking about being more attentive to your feelings, without sacrificing your thinking skills.
What is intuition?
This is one of the sensations, a way of finding a solution without going through a logical chain.
Is intuition trainable?
Of course, like any feeling. If you do not push your sensations into the background of consciousness, then intuition can be developed. By the way, this is classical biology: if you train, it develops; if you don’t train, it degrades.
They say that all animals live in a state of “here and now.” Do you think this is correct? Should a person live the same way?
Man is also an animal... There are a number of philosophical movements (I won’t call them religions!), whose followers live in the “here and now.” Taoism, for example. Or Chan Buddhism.
You need to rejoice every day. Take maximum sensations and fill yourself with them. This does not mean at all that you should not think about tomorrow. You just need to think. But at the same time, it is important to learn not to worry about tomorrow. If you live today, and your negative emotions come from tomorrow or yesterday, then this is wrong.
If you could go on a trip with any travel companion, who would you choose? This does not have to be a real character or our contemporary.
If we go back in time, I would like to go on a trip with David Livingston, look at old Africa. Przhevalsky's expeditions to Tibet are also very interesting. Sea travel doesn't particularly appeal to me.
What makes an interesting life for you? From what components?
An interesting life comes from variety. Everyone has their own. Traveling is also about diversity. And work too.
Are you characterized by curiosity? Curiosity?
Yes, they are typical, but in moderation. Sometimes, if there is a lot of new information, it ceases to be perceived.
If I asked you to describe yourself in one phrase, what would you say?
It’s difficult in one phrase... But I would probably say this: “ A little bit of everything". I will not name the area in which I reached the very top. But the number of areas of activity that are interesting to me is quite large. Therefore, a little bit of everything.
About the Foundation
I am constantly amazed by the work of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Tell me, in what way can you provide real assistance to your activity?
The simplest help is financial support. It is the support of individuals that allows our organization to remain independent from government and business. Worldwide, more than 60% of funds come to WWF from individual supporters. If this is difficult, then participation in our actions - signature collections, public events, etc.
The president
Born in 1962 in Moscow.
He began his higher education at Kalinin (now Tver) State University in 1979 at the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, then transferred to the Faculty of Biology of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. During his studies, he actively participated in the work of student environmental protection teams in Tver and then Moscow, in both of which he was elected commander.
In 1985, he graduated from Moscow State University with a degree in Zoology and Botany, defending a diploma on the topic “Use of territory by brown bears in the Western Caucasus” and remained to work at the Department of Zoology of Vertebrate Animals. In 1990-1991 he received a second higher education and a master's degree in pollution and environmental control at the University of Manchester. Queen Victoria (Great Britain). The topic of the master's thesis is “Possible use of economic methods in the Soviet system of environmental impact assessment.” Then he defended his PhD thesis at Moscow State University on the topic “Systematics and ecology of brown bears of the Caucasus.”
He worked at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University as a research assistant. He took part in expeditions, supervised the work of students, gave lectures, led scientific projects and student practices. Published more than 50 scientific papers, including 2 monographs, mainly devoted to large mammals.
In 1996, he headed the Russian representative office of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in the competition. At that time, it was a small organization in Moscow with a staff of just over 10 people and an annual budget of 500 thousand US dollars, fully received from other organizations in the WWF network. Over time, the representative office has grown into a leading Russian environmental organization, headed by a Russian Board, with 7 regional offices, a staff of more than 100 people and a budget of about 400 million rubles, a significant part of which comes from national sources.
Igor and his colleagues are members of the Public Council under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, the Federal Forestry Agency, the Ministry of Energy, Rosatom, etc. In 2006-2008 Igor was a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, and in 2017 he again became a member of it. Since 2012, he has been a member of the Expert Council of the Open Government of the Russian Federation.
Igor has been repeatedly awarded various prizes and badges, including the badge of the Komsomol Central Committee “For Nature Conservation” (1986), “Green Man of the Year” (2002), Honorary Worker of Nature Conservation (MPR of the Russian Federation, 2003), “Profession is Life” (2006). In 2002 he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. In 2004, Igor was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Ark, established by Prince Bernard of the Netherlands. In 2013, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the title “Honored Ecologist of the Russian Federation.”
Igor Chestin has been leading the Russian representative office of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) since 1996, while at the same time managing to spend several months a year on expeditions, writing articles and monographs, flying from continent to continent and sharing experiences with colleagues from other public and environmental organizations. He is extremely consistent in his interest in nature: in his early youth he worked as a shepherd and even has a military specialty with a rare biological bias - “zoologist-epidemiologist”. Loves spending time with children, traveling in the mountains and watching wild animals in their natural habitat. The latter is fundamental: Igor, among other things, measures his achievements by the number (about 500) of personally detained poachers. Member of the Snob project since May 2009.
The city where I live
Birthday
Where he was born
Moscow
Who was born to
Mom is an engineer, dad is a surgeon.
Where and what did you study?
He began studying at the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of Kalinin State University, transferred and graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University (specialty - zoology and botany). In 1990-1991 he studied at the University of Manchester. Queen Victoria (M. Sc., Pollution and Environmental Control).
Served?
No, a reserve senior lieutenant with the rare specialty of “zoologist-epidemiologist.”
Where and how did you work?
During his student years he worked as a shepherd, watchman, loader, and in England he worked as a laborer at a juice factory in Manchester. Since 1984 he worked at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University.
Since 1996 - Director of WWF Russia.
Academic degrees and titles
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Master of Pollution and Environmental Control (University of Manchester, 1991), Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
What did you do?
I worked on expeditions for 10 years, 3-5 months a year, visited all continents, wrote a bunch of articles, several books, and brought several public organizations to a new level of work.
Achievements
Children (3 daughters); WWF Russia is the largest Russian environmental organization with great authority; Nature conservation is back on the country's agenda.
Public affairs
He was the chairman of the council of the pioneer detachment, commander of the Nature Conservation Team of Kalinin State University, commander of the Nature Conservation Team of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University, confidant of candidates for membership in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M.Ya. Lemeshev and A.V. Yablokov (1989), member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation (2005-2008), etc.
Public acceptance
Badge “For Nature Conservation” of the Komsomol Central Committee, badge “Honorary Worker of Nature Conservation” of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Knight of the Order of the Golden Ark (Netherlands), “Profession is Life” award.
Important life events
Joining the Circle of Young Zoo Biologists (KYUBZ, 1976), entering Moscow State University, having children, joining WWF.
First created and invented
own definition of happiness
The unique nature of Yakutia is one of the most environmentally friendly parts of the country and the world. Our republic has already established itself as one of the greenest regions of Russia. World Wildlife Fund Director Igor Chestin notes thatThe Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) occupies a leading position in the field of conservation of natural diversity and environmental protection.
A particularly outstanding achievement is the system of specially protected natural areas, which occupy about a third of the territory of the Republic, which, both in absolute (more than 100 million hectares) and in relative terms, exceeds similar indicators for other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The system of protected areas created in the Republic, which is a source of legitimate pride and a model for other regions, enjoys the constant support and attention of the leadership. Its improvement continues - new ones are being created, the environmental status is gradually increasing and the areas of existing protected areas are expanding, and the most advanced methods of managing protected natural areas are being introduced. In addition to the development of the system of regional protected areas of republican significance, much attention is paid to the development of the system of protected areas of federal significance - the Republic supports the creation of federal protected areas and itself comes up with similar initiatives.
A lot of work is being done in the republic to preserve certain rare and especially important species. For a number of years, with the active participation of employees of republican departments, the Bear Patrol program has been successfully implemented, aimed at preventing and mitigating conflicts between humans and polar bears, as well as preventing poaching, including in key breeding areas of the species.
The Republic’s contribution to the conservation of the Yakut population of the Siberian crane (Siberian crane), achieved in close cooperation with colleagues from the People’s Republic of China, is extremely significant. The state of wild reindeer populations is also of great concern in the Republic. Recently, the Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic supported the initiative of colleagues from the Krasnoyarsk Territory to introduce special measures to preserve the Taimyr population of this species, the range of migrations of which also covers vast territories in the west of the Republic.
The Republic pays great attention to the restoration and enrichment of fauna. The reintroduction of the musk ox was successfully carried out, free populations of which currently exist in several uluses. Currently, the Republic itself has become a “donor” of this species for introduction into other regions of the Russian Federation. The program for the introduction of the wood bison is no less successfully implemented, which is still in the early stages, but has already carried out the first release of a small group of bison into the wild.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF Russia) and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have had more than two decades of fruitful cooperation, with mutual support for environmental initiatives of both sides. Joint activities mainly include the expansion of the system of specially protected natural areas (including federal ones) and the implementation of programs related to the conservation of the polar bear. In the spring of 2017, an Agreement on cooperation in the field of environmental protection was signed between the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the World Wide Fund for Nature, providing for further development of cooperation, including the continuation of joint activities to create specially protected natural areas, giving them international status, protecting the polar bear, Siberian crane and wild reindeer.
Transcript
1 Igor Chestin, Director of WWF Russia
2 Analysis of the implementation of state policy tasks in the field of environmental development and corresponding instructions of the President of the Russian Federation 13 tasks 67 subtasks 12 (18%) 19 (28%) 36 (54%) fulfilled partially fulfilled not fulfilled, implementation is lagging behind plans
3 2 3 The greatest gap in tasks is Improving the regulatory and legal support for environmental protection and environmental safety. Ensuring environmentally oriented economic growth and introducing environmentally effective innovative technologies Preventing and reducing current negative impacts on the environment Restoring damaged natural ecological systems Ensuring environmentally safe waste management 5 Preserving the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, flora and fauna Forming an ecological culture, development of environmental education and upbringing. 5 2
4 1 Formation of an effective management system in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, providing for interaction and coordination of the activities of government bodies. Number of meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the Fundamentals of Environmental Policy and State Programs There is a decrease in the attention of the Russian Government to policy issues in the field of environmental development and environmental protection Quantitative assessments of the state of the environment and environmental safety are not used when assessing the activities of government bodies 22 May
5 1 Formation of an effective management system in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, providing for interaction and coordination of the activities of government bodies. The effectiveness of environmental supervision remains at the same level 22 May
6 2 Improving the legal framework for environmental protection and environmental safety 56 laws were adopted in the years. in the field of environmental protection The development of the legal system is active, but a number of laws, incl. in the field of protected areas, weaken the requirements for environmental protection The process of agreeing and adopting bills on EIA, SEE and the introduction of SES, as well as on protective forests, is progressing with a significant delay. The task of strengthening responsibility for violations of environmental legislation is being successfully implemented 22 May
7 3 Ensuring environmentally oriented economic growth and the introduction of environmentally efficient innovative technologies. Formation of an environmentally oriented economy: the level of investment in the modernization of traditional industries remains extremely low. There is a significant lag in taking into account indicators of the efficiency of use of natural resources and energy under government regulation 22 May
8 4 Prevention and reduction of current negative impacts on the environment. Environmental regulation based on technological standards is proceeding in accordance with the schedule. The reduction in emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment and waste generation is slower than planned. Dynamics of wastewater discharge into natural objects in% by 2000. 22 May
9 4 Prevention and reduction of current negative impacts on the environment. Despite the introduction of mandatory SEE of design documentation for category I facilities, a draft federal law has been agreed upon for more than two years and has not been adopted, which: - improves the procedure for conducting SEE; - brings the EIA procedure into conformity with international legal acts; - creates a legal framework for SEA. The implementation of measures provided for by the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation is progressing with a significant lag 22 May
10 5 Restoration of disturbed natural ecological systems Inventory and identification of areas with an unfavorable situation is progressing with a significant lag. The organization of work to gradually eliminate the environmental consequences of past economic activities is proceeding slowly. The main factor is insufficient financial support. The adoption of the draft federal law on compensation for harm and elimination of accumulated environmental damage is delayed 22 May
11 5 Restoration of disturbed natural ecological systems preservation and restoration of protective and environment-forming functions of natural ecological systems outside specially protected natural areas 22 May
12 6 Ensuring environmentally safe waste management The task of preventing and reducing waste generation is being solved with good reason. Significant reduction only for class I-II waste. The tasks of using low-waste and resource-saving technologies, creating and developing infrastructure for waste removal and processing are being implemented with a significant lag 22 May
13 6 Ensuring environmentally safe waste management The Decree of the Russian Government approving the list of wastes whose disposal is prohibited has not been approved. Despite the creation of a legal framework for the implementation of safe waste management and recycling, the created system of taxation, accounting and reporting in the field of waste management, the lack of mechanisms for the use of environmental payments hinder the development of the waste recycling business. A legal framework has been created to ensure environmental safety during the storage and disposal of waste and to carry out work on the environmental restoration of the territories of waste disposal sites after completion of their operation 22 May
14 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, objects of flora and fauna Russia’s obligations in preparation for the Olympic Games 2014 have not been fulfilled. A law strengthening the legal regime of nature reserves and national parks has not been adopted. Strengthening the protection and development of the system of specially protected natural areas is underway with a significant lag, especially in marine areas (2.5%) 22 May
15 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, flora and fauna. Success has been achieved in restoring the numbers of a number of species (Amur tiger, Far Eastern leopard, bison), saiga antelope is on the verge of extinction. Problems with the system of recording, monitoring, and storing information about rare species. 22 May
16 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, flora and fauna The problem of invasive species has worsened significantly over the years; the measures taken are not effective 22 May
17 8 Development of economic regulation and market instruments for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The following tasks have not been fulfilled or are being implemented with a significant lag: replacing fees for above-limit environmental pollution with compensation for damage; stimulating enterprises implementing environmental rehabilitation programs for territories; ensuring advantages in government procurement for goods that meet environmental requirements; promoting environmentally responsible investment and increasing environmental and social responsibility of business 22 May
18 8 Development of economic regulation and market instruments for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The task of taking into account the costs of environmental protection measures when establishing fees for the impact on the environment is being successfully implemented. Market instruments for environmental protection of the system of voluntary environmental certifications are being successfully developed 22 May
19 9 Improving the system of state environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) and forecasting emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature, as well as climate change. The creation and development of a unified automated state system of environmental monitoring is being actively implemented, the use of automated systems for recording the negative impact on the environment. Development of a network of observation posts and stations is progressing successfully, timely delivery of information on the state of the environment is lagging behind. A basis has been created for the possibility of using the results of environmental monitoring when making decisions on socio-economic development 22 May
20 9 Improving the system of state environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) and forecasting emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature, as well as climate change. The creation and development of a unified automated state system of environmental monitoring, the use of automated systems for recording negative impacts on the environment are being actively implemented. Development of a network of observation posts and stations is progressing successfully, timely delivery of information on the state of the environment is lagging behind. A basis has been created for the possibility of using the results of environmental monitoring when making decisions on socio-economic development 22 May
21 10 Scientific and information-analytical support for environmental protection and environmental safety The task of expanding comprehensive fundamental and applied research in the field of forecasting environmental threats, as well as negative consequences associated with climate change is being implemented. In accordance with the plan, the development and use of scientifically sound and objective indicators of technogenic impact on the environment and indicators of environmental efficiency of environmental activities 22 May
22 11 Formation of environmental culture, development of environmental education and upbringing Public opinion polls record negative trends in the population’s awareness and interest in environmental protection and climate change issues The task of state support for the dissemination of environmental and resource-saving information through the media has not been fulfilled The task of including environmental protection issues has not been achieved Wednesday to new educational standards 22 May
23 11 Formation of environmental culture, development of environmental education and upbringing The state support of educational institutions providing education in the field of environmental protection is not fully provided. The task of environmental education of workers and management of enterprises is being fulfilled, but with insufficient scientific and methodological support and intensity 22 May
24 12 Ensuring the effective participation of citizens, public associations, non-profit organizations and the business community in resolving issues related to environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The federal law on ensuring the participation of stakeholders in EIA and SEA has not been adopted for several years. The task of publicity of information has not been fulfilled. contained in declarations and permits for environmental impact Mechanisms have been created for the publication of draft regulations in the field of the environment, but their effectiveness is insufficient There are no requirements for the openness of environmental information of enterprises in the legislation, but voluntary mechanisms of information transparency are in place 22 May
25 13 Development of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The task of harmonizing Russian legislation with international environmental law has not been completed. The Espoo Convention, the Aarhus Convention, etc. have not been ratified. The level of cooperation with the countries of Europe and North America has decreased, but cooperation with Asian countries has increased. International information exchange in the field of wildlife conservation is developing, which has suffered less from the deterioration of political relations. The task of introducing international environmental standards is being successfully implemented , voluntary environmental certification systems 22 May
26 Main conclusions: In general, the implementation of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of environmental development is progressing with a significant lag. The implementation period of the Fundamentals until 2030 makes it possible to implement them, subject to increased activity. Main unfulfilled tasks: - The federal law on SEE, EIA and SEA has not been adopted; -The federal law on strengthening the regime of nature reserves and national parks has not been adopted; -A number of measures have not been taken to develop the system of protected areas and wildlife protection; -Weak implementation of tasks in the field of economic incentives for environmental protection and investment in “green” technologies; -The main international environmental conventions have not been ratified 22 May
27 Main conclusions: The tasks associated with the development of voluntary environmental protection mechanisms are being successfully implemented: voluntary environmental certification, voluntary environmental reporting of enterprises. In accordance with the plan, the tasks of scientific support for environmental protection activities and environmental monitoring are being implemented. The progress of a number of tasks cannot be assessed, either due to the lack of necessary information in the public domain, or due to the vagueness of their wording 22 May
28 Analysis of the implementation of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and natural resources in the years. Instructions on the conservation of Amur tigers and Far Eastern leopards Pr-2624 from 50% completed Instructions on the safe development of the Arctic Pr-1530 from 22% completed May
29 Analysis of the implementation of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and natural resources in the years. Instructions on the development of a federal law on specially protected natural areas Pr-210 from 50% completed 1 1 Instructions on the creation and development of the Bikin National Park Pr-729 from 50% completed May
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