Chemical Physics Journal. Journal "Chemical Physics"

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Editor-in-Chief: Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Anatoly Leonidovich Buchachenko (Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka (SC RAS))

Editorial team:

Corresponding member RAS V.V. Azatyan (Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Problems of Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMiPM RAS)), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S.M. Aldoshin (Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)), Academician of the RAS A.A. Berlin (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. A.A. Borisov (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS), deputy editor-in-chief), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. G.V. Golubkov (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. V.L. Ermolaev (State Optical Institute named after S.I. Vavilov (GOI)), Doctor of Chemistry. n. Yu.A. Kolbanovsky (Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis named after A.V. Topchiev of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INHS RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. Yu.F. Krupyansky (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), Doctor of Chemistry. n. I.N. Kurochkin (Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N.M. Emanuel (IBCP RAS)), Academician of the RAS V.I. Minkin (Southern Federal University (SFU)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. N.F. Stepanov (Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (MSU)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. L.I. Trakhtenberg (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. S.Ya. Umansky (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), Academician of the RAS V.E. Fortov (Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. CM. Frolov (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS)), resp. secretary), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu.D. Tsvetkov (Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion named after V.V. Voevodsky, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKKiG SB RAS)), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. n. B.R. Shub (N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS))

Head Edited by Mikhailova Irina Nikolaevna

phone: +7 495 9397495

local: 74-95

The magazine is published by Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. in English called Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Focus on Physics.

International abstract databases or citation systems, which include "Chemical Physics" and "Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Focus on Physics": SCOPUS, Web of Science, RSCI, Chemical Abstracts.

The journal publishes articles on the following topics / The topics of manuscripts published in the journal are as follows:

Elementary physicochemical processes
Structure of chemical compounds, spectroscopy
Effect of external factors on physicochemical conversions
Kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions, catalysis
Combustion, explosion, and shock waves
Dynamics of phase transitions
Electric and magnetic properties of chemical compounds
Physical methods for investigation of chemical processes
Chemical physics of biological processes
Chemical physics of ecological processes
Chemical physics of polymer materials
Chemical physics of nano-materials
Dynamics of transport processes
Reactions on surface
Chemical physics of atmospheric phenomena

The journal is intended for researchers, graduate students and students specializing in the study of the kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions, energy transfer processes, structure of matter, catalysis, combustion and detonation processes, transformations in shock waves.

Articles are published on the following topics: elementary physical and chemical processes; structure of chemical compounds, spectroscopy; influence of external factors on physical and chemical transformations; kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions, catalysis; combustion, explosion and shock waves; dynamics of phase transitions; electrical and magnetic properties of materials; physical methods for studying chemical reactions; chemical physics of biological processes; chemical physics of environmental processes; chemical physics of polymer materials; chemical physics of nanomaterials; dynamics of transport processes; surface reactions.

The journal is presented in domestic and foreign databases: SCOPUS, Web of science, RSCI.

The magazine was founded in 1982.

Chief Editor

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.L. Buchachenko

Deputy Chief Editor

D.F.M. n. G.V. Golubkov

Executive Secretary

D.F.M. n. M.G. Golubkov

Editorial team

Corresponding member RAS V.V. Azatyan, RAS academician S.M. Avdoshin, RAS academician A.A. Berlin, Ph.D. n. G.V. Golubkov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. Yu.F. Krupyansky, d.kh. n. I.N. Kurochkin, RAS academician V.I. Minkin, Doctor of Chemical Sciences V.A. Nadtochenko, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. A.I. Nikitin, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. N.F. Stepanov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. L.I. Trakhtenberg, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. S.Ya. Umansky, RAS academician V.E. Fortov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. CM. Frolov, RAS academician Yu.D. Tsvetkov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n. B.R. Shub

Prof. U. Aquilanti (Italy), Prof. G. Delgado-Barrio (Spain), Prof. L. Eppel"baum, Prof. S. Iijima (Japan), Prof. E. Nikitin (Israel), Prof. B. Norden (Sweden), Prof. B. Roos (Sweden), Prof. E. Shustorovich (USA) , Prof. V. Sundstrom (Sweden), Prof. J. Troe (Germany), Prof. R. N. Zare (USA)

Head by the editors

I.N. Mikhailova

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The journal publishes articles on the following topics:

elementary physical and chemical processes; structure of chemical compounds; reactivity, influence of external fields and environment on chemical transformation; molecular dynamics and molecular organization; dynamics and kinetics of photo- and radiation-induced processes; mechanism of chemical reactions in gas and condensed phases and at interphase boundaries; chain and thermal processes of ignition, combustion and detonation in gases, in two-phase and condensed systems; shock waves; physical methods for studying chemical reactions; biological processes in chemical physics.

Archive of scientific articles from the journal "Chemical Physics"

ADSORPTION STUDY OF CR(III), NI(II) AND ZN(II) IONS ONTO THE MULTI-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES
AGHAIE M., HADADI V., TAGHDIR E. - 2015

Nowadays our environment has faced soil and air pollution that they are life-threatening for us. One of the effective ways for cleaning up contaminants is adsorption by nano structure particles. Particularly carbon nanotubes with high adsorption capacity are under observation. In this investigation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used for removal of Cr(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution. The contributions of adsorption parameters, such as the contact time, pH, MWCNT dosage and initial metal ion concentration were studied and optimized. Subsequently, Langmuir, Freudlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used to explain the experimental data. Freudlich model is more appropriate to describe the adsorption characteristics of chrome and zinc ions while, Temkin model shows the best agreement for nickel ions.
LUX-BIOSENSORS FOR ANTIBIOTICS DETECTION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES TO THE BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS
ZAVILGELSKY G.B., KOTOVA V.YU., MIRONOV A.S. - 2015

Highly sensitive specific lux biosensors have been constructed based on Escherichia coli bacteria for the detection of tetracycline and β-lactam antibiotics, as well as quinolones. The bacteria contain hybrid plasmids pTetA::lux, pAmpC::lux, pColD::lux, in which transcription of the Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE reporter genes is carried out from the inducible promoters of the tetA, ampC, cda genes, respectively. The main characteristics (threshold sensitivity, amplitude and response time) of lux biosensors were measured. The contribution of reactive oxygen species to the bactericidal effect of antibiotics and quinolones was determined.
SURFACE PASSIVATION EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC CDS QUANTUM DOTS BY USING 10 MEV ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION OF A CD2+-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID AQUEOUS SOLUTION
HA S.Y., KIM H.J., LIM C. - 2015

We synthesized CdS Quantum dots (QDs) via the irradiation of a CdCl2+ mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) aqueous solution with a 10 MeV electron beam. Radiolytic synthesis using electron beam irradiation processes occurs in water that results in the formation of CdS QDs through the reactions mediated by hydrated electrons, e. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed that in the case of the MPA-rich condition (with an excess of MPA ions), we can reduce the emission intensity from surface defects at over 1/5 of the / molar concentration. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy revealed small particle sizes (2.14.7 nm) with good monodispersity.
THE COMPARISON OF NMR TENSORS AND NQR FREQUENCIES OF HALLUCINOGENIC HARMINE COMPOUND IN THE GAS PHASE
AREZOO TAHAN, NEDA AHMADINEJAD - 2015

Density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to analyze the effect of molecular structure and ring currents on the NMR chemical shielding tensors and NQR frequencies of hallucinogenic Harmine in the gas phase. The interpretation of NBO data is represented that in Harmine structure, the lone pair participation of N9 in -system electron clouds cause to development of aromaticity nature in pyrrole ring. However, the chemical shielding around N9 atom of pyrrole ring has more value of chemical shielding (iso) than N2 atom of pyridine former. It can be deduced that by increasing lone pair electrons contribution of nitrogen atoms in ring resonance interactions and aromaticity development, the values of NMR chemical shielding around them increase while and qzz values of these nuclei decrease.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF ENSURING CHEMICAL SAFETY (TO THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE RAS A.D. KUNTSEVICH)
ANOMALIC MIGRATION OF POLARONS IN DISORDERED ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS AND ITS MANIFESTATION IN MAGNETIC EFFECTS
SAKUN V.P., SHUSHIN A.I. - 2015

The features of the anomalous (dispersive) migration of polarons P (i.e., electrons and holes) in disordered organic semiconductors and the manifestation of these features in magnetic effects in the conductivity of semiconductors are theoretically analyzed. According to research results, the most important reason for the effect of weak magnetic fields on photoconductivity is their effect on PP recombination (recombination of electrons and holes), which is a spin-selective process. Within the framework of an approach based on a continuous time random walk model (CTRW model), it is shown that anomalous (dispersive) migration, which in the CTRW model is described by a slowly decreasing distribution of jump waiting times t-(1 +), is significantly manifested in the magnetic dependence the yield of PP recombination and thus conductivity. The features of this influence are explained using the example of the dependence of the recombination yield on the magnetic field, predicted within the framework of the g-mechanism of magnetosensitivity.
PROBABILITY OF GENERATION OF FRANKEL DEFECTS DURING THE DECOMPOSITION OF SILVER AZIDE
ANANYEVA M.V., BOROVIKOVA A.P., ZVEKOV A.A., KALENSKY A.V. - 2015

The mechanism of deactivation of electronically excited nitrogen molecules was studied and an estimate was made of the rate constant for the formation of a pair of defects according to Frenkel (108 s-1). The probability of generation of Frenkel defects in the act of branching a solid-phase chain reaction of silver azide decomposition was estimated to be 0.15. A kinetic analysis of the reaction model for the explosive decomposition of silver azide in the presence of Frenkel generation of defects in the branching event was carried out. The critical parameter of the system that determines the transition from slow to explosive decomposition is the total concentration of cation vacancies in various charge states. It is concluded that the processes underlying the model can lead to both the initiation of a sample under stationary exposure and the spontaneous explosion of silver azide crystals.
EXPLOSION IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR INITIATED BY ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE AND DUE TO GROWTH IN THE CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED PARTICLES AND FREE CHARGES
FEDOTOV V.G., FEDOTOVA E.YA. - 2015

In the discharge plasma in air, under certain conditions, an avalanche-like increase in current and radiation of NO (B2) molecules is observed. The kinetics of radiation is characterized by two stages. In the first of them (“pre-explosion stage”), the gas in the discharge gap emits violet and UV radiation. After 0.030.04 s the “explosion stage” begins. Now most of the radiation belongs to the blue-green region of the spectrum, and its brightness is significantly higher than at the previous stage. A mechanism for the development of the explosion has been proposed; it involves the formation of N(2P) atoms in a chain reaction of atmospheric nitrogen oxidation. These atoms contribute to an increase in plasma conductivity by entering into the associative ionization reaction N(2P + O NO+ + e-. An increase in electron concentration, in turn, contributes to an increase in the rate of formation of nitrogen metastables N2(A 3), which initiate a chain oxidation reaction.
INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF A BODY ON CRITICAL CONDITIONS OF THERMAL EXPLOSION AT A CONSTANT SURFACE TEMPERATURE
KRUPKIN V.G., MOKHIN G.N. - 2015

The problem of the influence of the geometric parameters of a sample on the critical conditions of a thermal explosion in a substance of arbitrary shape, on the surface of which a constant temperature is maintained, is considered. Geometric factors influencing the location of the ignition source and critical conditions are analyzed. It is shown that the location of the source is mainly related to the dimension of the problem and can be determined with good accuracy for any body shape. The concepts of an equivalent ellipse or ellipsoid are introduced, which have greater accuracy compared to the concept of an equivalent sphere used in engineering calculations. As an example of the application of this approach, expressions are given for the critical conditions for a thermal explosion of two- and three-dimensional bodies of ellipsoidal shape and some other configurations.
INFLUENCE OF ALUMINUM AND BORON ADDITIVES ON THE HEAT OF EXPLOSION AND PROPELLANTABILITY OF EXPLOSIVES
MAKHOV M.N. - 2015

Research results have shown that the addition of boron and aluminum powders to explosives leads to an increase in the heat of explosion and propellant ability. At the same time, aluminized compositions are superior to boron-containing compositions in these parameters. The greatest increase in throwing ability can be obtained by using nano-sized aluminum particles coated with a protective layer of active material.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN ADDITIVES ON THE KINETICS OF FORMATION AND DEATH OF ACETYLENE DURING IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF MIXTURES OF METHANE WITH OXYGEN
BILERA I.V., BORISOV A.A., BORUNOVA A.B., KOLBANOVSKY Y.A., TROSHIN K.YA. - 2015

A numerical analysis of the kinetics of the formation and death of acetylene during the self-ignition of methane-oxygen mixtures with and without hydrogen additives in a closed volume was carried out. The dependence of acetylene concentration on time has the form of a sharp peak with a maximum concentration that slightly decreases with increasing initial temperature and hydrogen concentration in the studied range. The ignition delays and the time of concentration decline after the maximum decrease significantly with increasing initial temperature, hydrogen concentration and pressure. It has been suggested that the experimentally detected decrease in soot yield and the size of its particles by adding hydrogen to the hydrocarbon-oxygen mixture is associated with a strong reduction in the time of existence of noticeable concentrations of acetylene in the reaction zone caused by these additives.
INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN ISOTOPES ON NMR PARAMETERS OF PERTECHNETATE ANION TCO
GERMAN K.E., KIRAKOSYAN G.A., TARASOV V.P. - 2015

Using the 17O and 99Tc NMR method, the effect of the substitution of oxygen isotopes 16O 17O 18O in the coordination sphere of the pertechnetate anion TcO on the chemical shift of nuclei 99 and the spin-spin interaction of 99Tc 17O and 17 99 was studied. The isotope shifts 16/17, 16/18 99Tc NMR and constants were determined spin-spin interaction (SSIC) of isotopomers Tc 16O2 17O, Tc 16O3 18O-, Tc 16O3 17O-, Tc 16O2 17O 18O-, Tc 16O2 18O. In a solution of ammonium pertechnetate for the Tc 16O3 18O- and Tc 16O3 17O- anions in the temperature range 278333 K, the isotope shift (in ppm) is described by the linear relations 16/18 = 0.616+6.45.10-4T and 16/17 = 0.302+2.67.10-4T respectively. In a sodium pertechnetate solution for the Tc 16O3 17O- isotopomer, the absolute value of the isotope shift 1 16/17O) decreases nonlinearly with increasing temperature. The nonlinearity of the temperature dependence of the J(99Tc 17O) coupling constant and the extremum in the temperature dependence of the isotope shift 1 16/18O) NMR 99Tc NaTcO4 solution are apparently associated with the equilibrium between contact and hydrate-separated ion pairs.
INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON OXIDATIVE CRACKING OF PROPANE
ARSENTYEV S.D., ARUTYUNOV V.S., POGOSYAN M.J., POGOSYAN N.M., STRECOVA L.N., TAVADYAN L.A. - 2015

The influence of the initial oxygen concentration and temperature on the oxidative cracking of propane in a two-section flow reactor at constant pressure and contact time was studied. It has been shown that increasing the initial oxygen concentration not only increases propane conversion, but also affects the ratio of reaction products. The dependence of the yield of ethylene and propylene on the initial propane/oxygen ratio and process temperature was established.
INFLUENCE OF METHANE AND ETHYLENE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCTS OF THEIR JOINT OXIDATION
ARUTYUNOV V.S., POGOSYAN M.J., POGOSYAN N.M., STRECOVA L.N., TAVADYAN L.A. - 2015

The influence of the ratio of reagents during the joint oxidation of ethylene and methane in a two-section flow reactor was studied. It has been shown that the radical oxidation of ethylene involves methane in the oxidation process. The interaction of the resulting methyl radicals with ethylene leads to a significant increase in the yield of propylene, which makes it possible to consider the joint oxidation of ethylene and methane as a promising method for producing propylene. It has been proposed to use a rich methane flame stabilized by the surface of a flat permeable matrix as a more effective source of methyl radicals for the conversion of ethylene to propylene.
INFLUENCE OF THE SCALE FACTOR ON THE REGULARITIES OF SYNTHESIS OF CAST DOUBLE SILICIDES MO, W, NB AND TI
GORSHKOV V.A., MILOSERDOV P.A. - 2015

Cast double silicides were obtained by SHS metallurgy: (MoW)Si2, (MoNb)Si2 and (MoTi)Si2 using thermite-type mixtures: MoO3/WO3/Al/Si, MoO3/Nb2O5/Al/Si and MoO3/TiO2/Al /Si. Syntheses were carried out in a CBC reactor at an initial argon pressure Рн = 5 MPa. The strong influence of the scale factor (the mass of the initial mixture) on the combustion process, the completeness of the chemical reaction and the yield of the target product in the ingot, as well as on the formation of the microstructure and composition of the target products has been shown.
INFLUENCE OF SCALE FACTORS ON THE KINETICS OF DRUG RELEASE FROM FILM SYSTEMS BASED ON POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE
GOLDSTRAKH M.A., IORDANSKY A.L., KOSENKO R.YU., MARKIN V.S., OLKHOV A.A. - 2015

In this work, the kinetics of drug release from film systems based on polyhydroxybutyrate was studied depending on scale factors: molecular weight of the polymer and film thickness, and changes in the structure of films during the process of hydrolytic destruction in biological media were identified. It has been established that with increasing molecular weight and thickness of film matrices, the release of the drug substance slows down.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPORT MATERIAL ON THE CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIA BY ORGANOBORON NANOPARTICLES
GATIN A.K., GRISHIN M.V., SLUTSKY V.G., KHARITONOV V.A., SHUB B.R. - 2015

The catalytic decomposition of ammonia on organoboron nanoparticles of the composition (C2B10H4)n deposited on SiO2, Al2O3 and graphite substrates was studied at 750 K and 10-6 Torr. The influence of the substrate material on the rate of decomposition of NH3 has been established: when replacing SiO2 with Al2O3 or graphite, the rate of decomposition increases by 1.9 and 2.3 times, respectively. It has been shown that the catalytic activity of particles increases with increasing contact potential difference between the particles and the substrate. The potential differences between particles and SiO2, Al2O3, and graphite substrates measured at room temperature are 0.5, 0.2, and 0.0 V, respectively.
EXCITATION OF EXPLOSIVE TRANSFORMATIONS IN ENERGY-SATURED MATERIALS WITH NANO-SIZED INERT ADDITIVES BY HIGH-CURRENT ELECTRON BEAM. SIZE OF HOT SPOTS
LUKIN A.A., MOROZOV V.A., RASHKOVSKY S.A., SAVENKOV G.G. - 2015

The results of experimental studies on the initiation of a number of energy-saturated materials with nano-sized inert additives of copper oxide by a high-current electron beam with low energy parameters are presented. It has been shown that at a certain concentration of inert additives, the resistance of the “energy-saturated material + additive” composition to the effects of a pulsed electron beam of the composition drops sharply.
DISTURBANCES OF QUASI-STATIC IONOSPHERIC ELECTRIC FIELDS OVER SEISMICALLY ACTIVE AREAS ACCORDING TO SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS (REVIEW)
ZOLOTOV O.V. - 2015

The article presents an overview of studies of quasi-electrostatic disturbances in the ionosphere over seismically active regions, and shows its relevance. The main characteristics of disturbances according to data from the INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 and DEMETER satellites are presented. Disturbances are observed in all components (Ex, Ey, Ez) of the quasi-electrostatic field, in the near-epicentral and magnetically conjugate regions from several minutes to tens of hours before and after a seismic event. They are 1-26 mV/m in magnitude and >1-20° in space. The nighttime dominance of disturbances and the dependence of their amplitude on the magnitude of the earthquake and the depth of its hypocenter were discovered.
IGNITION OF PROPANE IN SHOCK WAVES
AGAFONOV G.L., TERESA A.M. - 2015

The ignition delays of C3H8/O2/Ar mixtures of various compositions behind reflected shock waves at 1220–1750 K and (0.65 ± 0.05) MPa were measured. A kinetic scheme for propane ignition has been developed, based on the known rate constants of key elementary reactions. The scheme well describes both our own and the experimental data available in the literature on the ignition of propane in shock waves in wide ranges of relatively high temperatures (1100-1750 K), pressures (0.12-0.65 MPa), as well as volumetric concentrations of propane (0.05-11% ) and oxygen (0.2521%). At T< 1100 K ни предложенной кинетической схемой, ни представленными в литературе различными кинетическими механизмами удовлетворительно описать экспериментально наблюдаемые задержки воспламенения пропана в ударных волнах не удалось. В настоящей работе выдвинуто предположение, что при T < 1100 K лимитирующим является процесс дефлаграционного распространения пламени от отдельных точечных очагов воспламенение С3Н8. Проведенный численный расчет одномерного распространения пламени с использованием предложенной кинетической схемы качественно подтвердил данное предположение.

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4.4. For Users who are legal entities, payment is available only by non-cash bank transfer from the User's bank account to the Publisher's bank account.

4.5. The price for providing the User - an individual with the opportunity to view, read and download Works is indicated on the Publishing House Website in the relevant sections. For users who are legal entities, prices are sent by the Publishing House upon request through agreed communication channels. The “Publishing House” has the right to unilaterally change current prices by posting relevant information on the “Publishing House” Website or informing Users in any other accessible way. Any price change does not affect already paid access.

5. Responsibility of the parties. Limitation of liability of the Publisher.

5.1. The User assumes full responsibility and risks associated with the use of the Catalog.

5.2. The User is fully responsible for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

5.3. The User is fully responsible for the use by third parties of information transmitted to the Publishing House to the email address specified by the User during registration.

5.4. The Publishing House is not responsible for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Catalog.

5.5. The Publishing House is not responsible for the quality of access to the Catalog via the Internet.

5.6. Under no circumstances is the Publishing House liable for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

5.7. “Publishing House” is not responsible for direct or indirect damage incurred by the User as a result of data transmission errors, failures/defects in the operation of software and/or equipment, data loss and damage, data processing or display errors, delays in data transmission and other failures , which happened not through the fault of the Publishing House.

5.8. The Publishing House website and all related services are provided on an “as is” basis, without any express or implied warranties that the specified Website and (or) services may or may not be suitable for a particular purpose of use.

5.9. "Publishing House" is not responsible for the inability to use the Site and (or) related services by the User for any reason, including, but not limited to: errors, omissions, interruptions, deletion, defects, delays in processing or transmission of data, disruption of lines. communications, equipment malfunction, any technical failures or other problems of any telephone networks or services, computer systems, servers or providers, computer or telephone equipment, software, failure to fulfill obligations of providers of certain services, theft, destruction or unauthorized access to User materials, posted on the Website or in any other place, etc.

5.10. Under no circumstances is the Publishing House liable for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage, including lost profits or lost data, damage to honor, dignity or business reputation that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Site and (or) related services.

5.11. If it is impossible for the Publishing House to provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work for reasons beyond the control of the Publishing House, the Publishing House, at the request of the User, will return the advance payment received. In this case, the amount of responsibility of the “Publisher” is limited to the amount of the advance payment received from the User for the opportunity to view, read and download the Work, which was not provided.

6. Duration of the Agreement

6.1. The Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of the Agreement (each Appendix to the Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of this Appendix) and is valid until the Parties fully fulfill their obligations.

7. Force majeure circumstances

7.1. The parties are released from liability for partial or complete failure to fulfill obligations under this Agreement if such failure was a direct consequence of force majeure circumstances (force majeure circumstances) that arose after the conclusion of the Agreement, as a result of extraordinary events, namely: fire, flood, hurricane and earthquake or restrictions imposed by government authorities on the activities of any of the Parties, and if these circumstances could not be foreseen or prevented by the Parties by reasonable measures.

8. Other conditions

8.1. If any provision or any part of a provision of the Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions and parts of the provisions of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect.

8.2. All Appendices to this Agreement are an integral part of it.

8.3. In all other respects, the Parties agreed to be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

8.4. The Publishing House has the right to make changes to the Agreement with the obligatory posting of the relevant information on the Publishing House website no later than 30 (thirty) calendar days before the relevant changes come into force.

8.5. For any questions that arise, the User has the right to contact the Publishing House Support Service at the following email address:

9. Dispute resolution

9.1. Disputes and disagreements that may arise under this Agreement are resolved by following the pre-trial (claims) procedure. The period for consideration by the Publishing House of a claim is 10 (Ten) calendar days from the date of its receipt from the User.

9.2. If the Parties do not come to an agreement, these disputes and disagreements are resolved in court in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the court at the location of the Publishing House in accordance with the rules of jurisdiction and jurisdiction.

10. Privacy Notice

10.1 The User’s consent to provide personal information is determined by agreement with this public offer, which occurs automatically when the User goes through the registration procedure on the Publishing House website.

10.2 “Publishing House” collects and stores only the necessary personal data of the User. The Publishing House may use the User’s personal data to identify him, clarify payment details, provide personalized services, provide feedback to the User, process applications and requests, perform impersonal statistical calculations and improve the quality of services provided to the User.

10.3. The Publishing House has the right to transfer the User’s personal information to third parties only in cases where the User has expressed his consent to such actions, the transfer is necessary to provide services to the User, the transfer is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

"Publishing house": Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Publishing House "Nauka"

TERMS OF USE

1. General Provisions

1.1. This User Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) applies to the website of the Electronic Library System - www. (hereinafter referred to as “Electronic Library System”).

1.2. Website of the Electronic Library System www. (hereinafter referred to as the Site) is the property of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Academic Scientific Publishing, Production, Printing and Book Distribution Center “Nauka” (FSUE “Publishing House “Nauka”).

1.3. This Agreement governs the relationship between the Administration of the “Electronic Library System” website www. (hereinafter referred to as the Site Administration) and the User (Users) of this Site.

1.4. This agreement, in accordance with Article 435 and paragraph 2 of Article 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, is a public offer to an unlimited number of persons, Internet users.

1.5. In accordance with Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, full and unconditional acceptance (acceptance) of the Agreement is:

confirmation by the User of his consent to the terms of the Agreement;
making an advance payment;
commencement of use of any Work;
beginning to use any services of the Site under the terms of the Agreement.

1.6. The site administration reserves the right to change, add or delete clauses of this Agreement at any time without notifying the User.

1.7. Continued use of the Site by the User means acceptance of the Agreement and the changes made to this Agreement.

1.8. The User is personally responsible for checking this Agreement for changes to it.

2. Terms used in the Agreement

2.1. User – an Internet user, any individual or legal entity (representative of a legal entity) who voluntarily completed Registration and/or began using any services of the Site.

2.2. Works (Content) – electronic versions of scientific publications, including periodicals, as well as non-periodical publications, presented electronically on the Internet in various formats, posted on the Website of the Electronic Library System, accessible to Users through the Website of the Electronic Library System.

2.3. Catalog – a collection of Works.

2.4. Login and Password are two unique sets of characters that identify the User.

2.5. The website “Electronic Library System” is an information resource on the Internet owned by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House “Nauka”, located on the domain www. .

2.6. Site Administration - employees authorized to manage the Site, acting on behalf of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Publishing House "Nauka"

2.7. Downloading – recording by the User of Works into the computer memory.

2.8. Billing is a payment accounting system.

2.9. User Account – Authentication and personal data of the User stored on the servers of the Electronic Library System Site. An account is created as a result of the User's registration procedure and may be required in order to take advantage of certain features or certain functions of the Site.

3. Subject of the Agreement

3.1. The “Electronic Library System” provides the User with the opportunity to view, read and download Works presented in the Catalog on a paid basis.

3.2. The user can register and pay for a preliminary annual (partial annual) subscription for the ability to view, read and download electronic versions of Works, as well as a preliminary subscription for the opportunity to receive a collection of Works that are not posted in the Catalog at the time of registration and payment.

4. Responsibilities of the parties

4.1. Responsibilities of the “Site Administration”:

4.1.1. Provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work on the Site no later than 24 hours from the moment Billing confirms the payment made and identifies the User as the payer of the payment made. If the User registers and pays for a preliminary subscription in accordance with clause 3.2. Agreement, to provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work no later than 24 hours from the moment of their placement in the Catalog, subject to confirmation by Billing of the previously made payment and identification of the User as the payer of the payment made.

4.1.2. Do not disclose to third parties the Login and Password, the User’s email address, as well as other information received from the User during registration.

4.1.3. Notify the User of changes to the terms of the Agreement and its Appendices by posting relevant information on the Electronic Library System Website at least 30 (thirty) calendar days before the changes come into force.

4.2. User Responsibilities:

4.2.1. Register on the “Electronic Library System” website. Set a Login and Password, the uniqueness of which is confirmed by the “Site Administration”. At the same time, strictly and strictly follow the instructions of the Site Administration on the registration procedure posted on the “Electronic Library System” Site.

4.2.2. Pay for the opportunity to view, read and download Works in accordance with clause 4 of the Agreement.

4.2.3. Ensure the confidentiality of the Login and Password provided during registration.

4.2.4. Use the downloaded Works exclusively for personal purposes. In this case, the User is granted the following rights to use the Works:

provide remote access on the Internet through the Website of the Electronic Library System to Works, which means the ability to search, view, download and read Works.
print out individual parts of the Works for archival purposes only.
record and store individual parts of the Works in the memory of a computer owned by the User for archival, educational and research purposes;
quote in the original and in translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical, informational and educational purposes, excerpts of Works to the extent justified by the purpose of quoting,
reproduce in newspapers, broadcast or broadcast by cable for public information certain parts of the Works to the extent justified by the informational purpose.
the use of the Works (their component parts) under this Agreement is carried out with the obligatory indication of the name of the authors (co-authors) of the Works (their component parts), the name of the copyright holder of the Works indicated in the Work.

4.2.5. The user does not have the right:

transfer or distribute downloaded Works to third parties, either in whole or in part, except for the cases provided for in clause 4.2.4. Agreements;
communicate publicly the Works in full, through well-known broadcast channels, such as radio, television, etc., except for the cases provided for in clause 4.2.4. Agreements;
reproduce the Works, that is, make copies of the Works or parts thereof in any material form if this reproduction is for the purpose of further distribution;
make the Works available to the public using the Internet and other digital networks, either in whole or in part;
change or otherwise process the texts of the Works.
print the entire Work, which is a magazine issue, magazine or book;
post links to the Works available for use by the User on any resources in such a way that a third party has access to these Works. In particular, the User is prohibited from providing third parties with information necessary to gain access to personal pages of the Site that require User authorization.
use other software for automatic searching and downloading, except those implemented on the Electronic Library System website
Failure by the User to comply with the requirements of clause 4.2.5. The Agreement is a violation of copyright law and entails the consequences specified in clause 10.1 and clause 10.2 of the Agreement.

4.2.6. All information posted on the Electronic Library System Website about the procedure for using the Catalog, the payment procedure and other features of the execution of the Agreement is an integral part of the Agreement and is binding on the User.

5. Payment terms

5.1. The user makes an advance payment in Russian rubles on the terms specified on the Website of the Electronic Library System.

5.2. Payment methods are indicated on the Site in the Payment Methods section. The agreed payment method is the method selected by the User from the available payment methods on the Electronic Library System Website.

5.3. The procedure for payment using bank cards is indicated on the Website in the Payment Methods section. Transactions using bank cards can only be performed by the card holder. Authorization of transactions on bank cards is carried out by the bank. Acceptance and processing of payments using bank cards is carried out by the electronic payment provider Yandex.Kassa or another electronic payment provider. The “site administration” does not process, including collecting and storing Users’ bank card data.

5.4. The price for providing the User - an individual with the opportunity to view, read and download Works is indicated on the Website of the Electronic Library System in the relevant sections. For users who are legal entities, prices are sent by the “Site Administration” upon request through agreed communication channels. The “Site Administration” has the right to unilaterally change current prices by posting relevant information on the Website of the “Electronic Library System” or informing Users in any other accessible way. Any price change does not affect already paid access.

6. Responsibility of the parties. Limitation of liability of the Electronic Library System.

6.1. The User assumes full responsibility and risks associated with the use of the Catalog.

6.2. The User is fully responsible for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.3. The User is fully responsible for the use by third parties of information transmitted by the “Site Administration” to the email address specified by the User during registration.

6.4. The “Site Administration” is not responsible for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Catalog.

6.5. The “site administration” is not responsible for the quality of access to the Catalog via the Internet.

6.6. Under no circumstances is the “Site Administration” liable for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.7. The “site administration” is not responsible for direct or indirect damage incurred by the User as a result of data transmission errors, failures/defects in the operation of software and/or equipment, data loss and damage, errors in processing or displaying data, delays in data transmission and others failures that occurred through no fault of the Site Administration.

6.8. The Electronic Library System website and all related services are provided on an “as is” basis, without any express or implied warranties that the said Website and/or services may or may not be suitable for a particular purpose of use.

6.9. The “Site Administration” is not responsible for the inability to use the Site and (or) related services by the User for any reason, including, but not limited to: errors, omissions, interruptions, deletion, defects, delay in processing or transmission of data, disruption of work communication lines, equipment malfunction, any technical failures or other problems of any telephone networks or services, computer systems, servers or providers, computer or telephone equipment, software, failure of providers of certain services, theft, destruction or unauthorized access to User materials , posted on the Site or in any other place, etc.

6.10. Under no circumstances is the “Site Administration” liable for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage, including lost profits or lost data, damage to honor, dignity or business reputation that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Site and (or) related services .

6.11. If it is impossible for the “Electronic Library System” to provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work for reasons beyond the control of the “Site Administration”, the “Site Administration”, at the request of the User, returns the received advance payment. In this case, the amount of responsibility of the “Site Administration” is limited to the amount of the advance payment received from the User for the opportunity to view, read and download the Work, which was not provided.

7. Duration of the Agreement

7.1. The Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of the Agreement (each Appendix to the Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of this Appendix) and is valid until the Parties fully fulfill their obligations.

8. Force majeure circumstances

8.1. The parties are released from liability for partial or complete failure to fulfill obligations under this Agreement if such failure was a direct consequence of force majeure circumstances (force majeure circumstances) that arose after the conclusion of the Agreement, as a result of extraordinary events, namely: fire, flood, hurricane and earthquake or restrictions imposed by government authorities on the activities of any of the Parties, and if these circumstances could not be foreseen or prevented by the Parties by reasonable measures.

9. Other conditions

9.1. In the event that any provision or any part of the Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions and portions of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect.

9.2. In all other respects, the Parties to the Agreement agreed to be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

9.3. The “Site Administration” has the right to make changes to the Agreement with the obligatory posting of the relevant information on the Website of the “Electronic Library System” no later than 30 (thirty) calendar days before the relevant changes come into force.

9.4. Relations between the “Site Administration” and the User, who are legal entities, are regulated on the basis of separately concluded Agreements, which specify the specific terms of the relationship between the Parties.

9.5. For any questions that arise, the User has the right to contact the Site Support Service at the following email address:

10. Dispute resolution

10.1. Disputes and disagreements that may arise under this Agreement are resolved by following the pre-trial (claim) procedure. The period for consideration by the Site Administration of a claim is 10 (Ten) calendar days from the date of its receipt from the User.

10.2. If the Parties do not come to an agreement, these disputes and disagreements are resolved in court in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the court at the location of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House “Nauka”” in accordance with the rules of jurisdiction and jurisdiction.

11. Privacy Notice

11.1. The User's consent to provide personal information is determined by agreement with this public offer, which occurs automatically when the User goes through the registration procedure on the Site.

11.2. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Personal Data” No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006 and this privacy policy, the Site Administration does not use, process or store the User’s personal data.

11.3. The “Site Administration” collects and stores only the User data necessary for the operation of the Site. The “site administration” can use the User’s data to identify him, clarify payment data, provide personalized services, provide feedback to the User, process applications and requests, perform impersonal statistical calculations and improve the quality of services provided to the User.