Erofei Khabarov was born into a peasant family in the village of Dmitrievo, Votlozhensky camp, Ustyug district, on the banks of the Sukhona River. The exact date of birth is unknown, presumably between 1603 and 1610.
Since ancient times, Veliky Ustyug has occupied an advantageous geographical and economic position between Europe and Siberia. Many local peasants, influenced by stories about the untold riches of the Siberian land, went to Siberia, beyond the Stone, to fish in the “Siberian trades” or were contracted to accompany Moscow merchants.
The family of Pavel Khabarov also decided to try their luck. The eldest son Erofei already in 1623-1624 went to the lands on the Lena River and returned with success. In 1625, the brothers Erofey and Nikifor set off on their joint journey to the “gold-boiling fiefdom” of Mangazeya. The father, in his parting words, ordered the brothers to help each other, and Erofey and Nikifor fulfilled this covenant throughout their lives.
The brothers climbed the Ob from Tobolsk, went out into the ocean and reached the city of Mangazeya on the Taimyr Peninsula. In 1630, Khabarov returned from Mangazeya to Tobolsk. In the same year, he moved to the Lena River, where he bought furs, opened a salt pan, and built a mill. Here Khabarov had a conflict with the current governor, who really liked his property. Khabarov even ended up in prison, where he stayed until 1645.
In 1648, Dmitry Frantsbekov became the new governor. Erofei Khabarov turned to him with a request to help equip an expedition to Dauria (Transbaikalia). He received such support, and in 1649 an expedition set off from Yakutsk. Progress was slow, and by 1652 travelers were only able to reach the confluence of the Sungari and the Amur. During the expedition, the first Russian map of the Amur was compiled, and many tribes were subjugated. For almost four years (from 1649 to 1653), Khabarov’s detachment “traveled” along the Amur. During this time, many victories were won. The Russians crushed the Daur and Ducher princes, forcing them to pay tribute to the Russian Tsar. During the campaign, Khabarov drew up a drawing of the Amur River; it was a large, painstaking and fruitful work.
In addition to external factors hindering progress, such as the hostility of the Manchu rulers, a split also began within its own detachment. Having brutally dealt with the instigators of the riot, Khabarov himself came under investigation. In 1653, the nobleman Zinoviev arrived on the Amur with instructions from the tsar to conduct a campaign along the river. Many dissatisfied local Cossacks began to complain about Khabarov. It was reported that he was cruel to local residents and greatly embellished the wealth of the Amur region.
As a result, Erofey Pavlovich was removed from his position as a clerk, and he was forced to go with Zinoviev to Moscow. During the investigation, Khabarov was acquitted. In 1655, he sent a petition to Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, in which he described in detail his achievements in the conquest of the Daurian and Siberian expanses. The Tsar recognized his merits, and Khabarov was elevated to the rank of “son of a boyar.”
As a result, he was appointed manager of the Ust-Kut volost. The latest information about Khabarov's biography dates back to 1667, when he proposed a project for a new campaign along the Amur. He lived the remaining years in Ust-Kirenga, where, apparently, he died in 1671. The place of death and burial is unknown. There is an assumption that somewhere in the Irkutsk region, but no one knows where exactly.
The merits of Erofey Khabarov in the discovery and development of new lands will long be remembered by grateful descendants. In many Russian cities there are streets named after him. And there is the city of Khabarovsk - the capital of the region of the same name.
Khabarov Erofey Pavlovich (c. 1610 - after 1667)
Born into a peasant family in the village of Dmitrievo near Veliky Ustyug (now Nyuksensky district of the Vologda region). From a young age he went beyond the Urals to fisheries and visited the Taimyr Peninsula. In the 40s settled in Western Siberia near the mouth of the Kirenga River on “empty lands”, where he was engaged in agriculture, sable fishing, trading in salt and other goods. An extensive farm of 60 dessiatines brought in a good income, and he became involved in the grain trade. So, only in 1642 he sold 900 pounds of rye flour.
But Khabarov was not only thinking about trade. Sailing along the rivers of the Lena Basin, I was interested in how people use the agricultural and forest lands of Siberia, what kind of game animals the rivers and forests are rich in. I was looking for deposits of precious stones and metal ores, and salt springs. Gradually, an inquisitive traveler awakened in him, from whose attention nothing that surrounds him would escape. In the meantime, he returned from the campaign against the Amur. Khabarov, having heard a lot from his companions about the riches with which the Amur land is abundant, decided to repeat his path and explore more extensive territories.
In the spring of 1649, Khabarov submitted a petition to the Yakut governor asking for permission to march on the Amur. Soon he gathered a detachment of 70 people and in the summer of 1649 he set out on a campaign. Having loaded equipment onto the plows, the explorers climbed up the Lena River to the mouth of the Olekma River.
The rapids of Olekma prevented the rapid progress of ships. At the mouth of the Tungir River, the travelers were caught in the cold and had to spend the winter. Having loaded the boats onto sledges, Khabarov’s detachment moved on and in early March 1650 reached the upper reaches of the Urka River, which flows into the Amur.
Erofei Khabarov was born into a peasant family in the village of Dmitrievo, Votlozhensky camp, Ustyug district, on the banks of the Sukhona River. The exact date of birth is unknown, presumably between 1603 and 1610.
Since ancient times, Veliky Ustyug has occupied an advantageous geographical and economic position between Europe and Siberia. Many local peasants, influenced by stories about the untold riches of the Siberian land, went to Siberia, beyond the Stone, to fish in the “Siberian trades” or were contracted to accompany Moscow merchants.
The family of Pavel Khabarov also decided to try their luck. The eldest son Erofei already in 1623-1624 went to the lands on the Lena River and returned with success. In 1625, the brothers Erofey and Nikifor set off on their joint journey to the “gold-boiling fiefdom” of Mangazeya. The father, in his parting words, ordered the brothers to help each other, and Erofey and Nikifor fulfilled this covenant throughout their lives.
The brothers climbed the Ob from Tobolsk, went out into the ocean and reached the city of Mangazeya on the Taimyr Peninsula. In 1630, Khabarov returned from Mangazeya to Tobolsk. In the same year, he moved to the Lena River, where he bought furs, opened a salt pan, and built a mill. Here Khabarov had a conflict with the current governor, who really liked his property. Khabarov even ended up in prison, where he stayed until 1645.
In 1648, Dmitry Frantsbekov became the new governor. Erofei Khabarov turned to him with a request to help equip an expedition to Dauria (Transbaikalia). He received such support, and in 1649 an expedition set off from Yakutsk. Progress was slow, and by 1652 travelers were only able to reach the confluence of the Sungari and the Amur. During the expedition, the first Russian map of the Amur was compiled, and many tribes were subjugated. For almost four years (from 1649 to 1653), Khabarov’s detachment “traveled” along the Amur. During this time, many victories were won. The Russians crushed the Daur and Ducher princes, forcing them to pay tribute to the Russian Tsar. During the campaign, Khabarov drew up a drawing of the Amur River; it was a large, painstaking and fruitful work.
In addition to external factors hindering progress, such as the hostility of the Manchu rulers, a split also began within its own detachment. Having brutally dealt with the instigators of the riot, Khabarov himself came under investigation. In 1653, the nobleman Zinoviev arrived on the Amur with instructions from the tsar to conduct a campaign along the river. Many dissatisfied local Cossacks began to complain about Khabarov. It was reported that he was cruel to local residents and greatly embellished the wealth of the Amur region.
As a result, Erofey Pavlovich was removed from his position as a clerk, and he was forced to go with Zinoviev to Moscow. During the investigation, Khabarov was acquitted. In 1655, he sent a petition to Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, in which he described in detail his achievements in the conquest of the Daurian and Siberian expanses. The Tsar recognized his merits, and Khabarov was elevated to the rank of “son of a boyar.”
As a result, he was appointed manager of the Ust-Kut volost. The latest information about Khabarov's biography dates back to 1667, when he proposed a project for a new campaign along the Amur. He lived the remaining years in Ust-Kirenga, where, apparently, he died in 1671. The place of death and burial is unknown. There is an assumption that somewhere in the Irkutsk region, but no one knows where exactly.
The merits of Erofey Khabarov in the discovery and development of new lands will long be remembered by grateful descendants. In many Russian cities there are streets named after him. And there is the city of Khabarovsk - the capital of the region of the same name.
Plan
Introduction
1 Biography
1.1 Place of birth
1.2 Early activity
1.3 Conquest of the Amur region
1.4 Riot. Pacification
1.5 Khabarov's suspension
1.6 Petition to the sovereign
1.7 Further fate
1.8 Place of death
2 Legacy
Bibliography
Introduction
Khabarov-Svyatitsky Erofey Pavlovich (around 1603, most likely the village of Svyatitsa, now the Kotlas district of the Arkhangelsk region - 1671, again presumably the Bratsk fort, now Bratsk, or Ust-Kirenga, now Kirensk, Irkutsk region) - Russian explorer, traveler and entrepreneur. Comes from the Cossacks, peasants of the Ustyug district of the Vologda province. Successor to the work of Vasily Poyarkov. He sailed across the entire Amur River, built a fortified fort, and was cruel to the indigenous population, which earned him a bad reputation.
1. Biography
1.1. Place of Birth
Disputes about the birthplace of Erofey Khabarov have been going on for a long time. The main options for place of birth: the village of Dmitrievo, the village of Kurtsevo and the village of Svyatitsa. The latter is the most suitable place.
The first option for Khabarov’s birthplace was the village of Dmitrievo. The founder of this theory was the Leningrad scientist M.I. Belov. He studied many documents and considered the birthplace of Khabarov and the now existing village of Dmitrievo, Nyuksensky district, and did not pay attention to an important fact: the village of Dmitrievo, according to the old administrative division, was not part of the Votlogzhemskaya volost.
This is what the Moscow scientist G.B. Krasnoshtanov latched on to. He studied in more detail the documents of those times, as well as documents stored in Moscow archives, which Belov did not pay attention to.
As a result of Krasnoshtanov’s work, it was established that Erofey Khabarov was born in the village of Dmitrievo, Kotlas district, Arkhangelsk region, which was washed away by one of the floods of the Northern Dvina. Khabarov's family moved to the village of Svyatitsa (hence the nickname - Svyatitsky), which eventually became part of the current village of Kurtsevo. Hence the second point of view.
1.2. Early activity
In 1625 he made his first Siberian trip on a koche from Tobolsk to the Taimyr Peninsula, to Mangazeya.
In 1628, at the head of an expedition along portages and rivers, he crossed to the Kheta River.
In 1630 he took part in a voyage from Mangazeya to Tobolsk.
From 1632 he lived in the area of the upper reaches of the Lena River, where he was engaged in buying furs.
In 1639 he discovered salt springs at the mouth of the river. Kuta, where he built a salt pan. Currently, the city of Ust-Kut, Irkutsk region, is located on this site.
1.3. Conquest of the Amur region
In 1641, near the mouth of the river. Kirengi Khabarov built a mill. After a short time, Khabarov began to experience pressure from the governor Pyotr Golovin, who demanded an increase in the volume of the harvest, which Khabarov gave him by agreement. Later, Golovin took all of Khabarov’s property and put him in the Yakut prison, from which he only left in 1645.
In 1648, Pyotr Golovin was replaced by governor Dmitry Andreevich Frantsbekov. Khabarov turned to him with a request to send a detachment to the Daurian lands, Frantsbekov agreed. He ordered to send a detachment of Cossacks under the command of Khabarov, in addition, to issue military equipment and weapons on credit, and also gave money to the participants of the campaign at interest.
In 1649-1653 Khabarov and his detachment set off from Yakutsk on a campaign along the Amur from the confluence of the Urka River into it to the lower reaches. Khabarov's detachment won numerous victories over the local Daur and Ducher princes, capturing many prisoners and livestock. The result of this campaign is the adoption of Russian citizenship by the indigenous Amur population. During this campaign, Khabarov compiled the “Drawing of the Amur River,” which was the first European schematic map of the Amur region. So, in August 1651, the Khabarov Cossacks approached the mouth of the Zeya River, then to the mouth of the Bureya, conquering new tribes. After wintering in the Achansky fort, which was attacked in the spring by a large Manchu detachment, Khabarov moved in the spring along the Amur, since with his small detachment it was impossible to further capture the Amur region. Above the mouth of the Sungari in June 1652, Khabarov met a Russian auxiliary party on the Amur, but, having learned that the Manchus had gathered an army of six thousand against him, he continued up the river.
1.4. Riot. Pacification
In April 1652, at the entrance to the Khingan Gorge, Khabarov met a detachment of Cossacks led by the Yakut serviceman Tretyak Chechigin, who were returning from Yakutsk with gunpowder, lead and an auxiliary detachment.
It turned out that Chechigin sent ahead of his main detachment a small reconnaissance detachment led by Ivan Nagiba, which was supposed to detect Khabarov’s detachment, but Nagiba did not meet with Khabarov. The Cossacks wanted to sail down to search for their missing comrades, but Khabarov resisted their desire and continued his journey up the Amur. This circumstance aroused displeasure among the Cossacks and on August 1, 1652, a split occurred in Khabarov’s regiment: 136 people led by Stenka Polyakov and others sailed back. They came to the land of Gilyak, in which they began to act very successfully. Khabarov did not accept the riot and swam after the rebels, appearing on September 30 of the same year at the prison built by the rebels. Khabarov ordered the construction of a winter quarters in the immediate vicinity of the Polyakov Cossack fort, and then ordered the construction of cannon launchers and start firing at the fort. Poyakov’s Cossacks, holed up in the prison, did not dare to respond to the fire, and Khabarov began preparations for its assault. However, when Polyakov’s Cossacks saw that 12 of their comrades, caught outside the prison, were beaten to death with sticks, they decided to surrender themselves. Not taking Khabarov’s word for it, the Poles entered into a written agreement with him, in which he pledged not to kill or rob them, and also “ do not lose the sovereign's yasak amanats" However, four leaders of the rebellious Cossacks, including Polyakov, Khabarov " put in iron", and ordered the rest to be beaten with batogs " and many people died from beatings and torment from them, the Yarofeevs" On February 7, 1653, the captured fort was broken down by order of Khabarov and burned “for blacksmiths for coal and firewood.”
1.5. Khabarov's suspension
In August 1653, the Moscow nobleman Dmitry Ivanovich Zinoviev arrived on the Amur with a royal decree to prepare everything necessary for the army, which was supposed to be sent to Dauria under the command of Prince I. Lobanov-Rostovsky, and “ to inspect the entire Daurian land and to know him, Khabarov" Cossacks and servicemen dissatisfied with Khabarov submitted a petition to Zinoviev against Erofei Khabarov, accusing him of sending false reports to Yakutsk and embellishing a lot in his stories about Dauria and Manchuria in order to induce the government to conquer these lands. In addition, it turned out that Khabarov was very unfriendly towards the local tribes and nationalities that fled from him, as a result of which the fertile land was not cultivated and the tribute from the tribes could not be withdrawn. Zinoviev was also informed about Khabarov’s harsh attitude towards the Cossacks of his own detachment. The final clarity into the essence of the events that took place on the Amur through the fault of Khabarov was brought by “ The famous petition Stenka Polyakova and her comrades", submitted to the royal envoy on September 6. The result of Zinoviev’s hastily conducted investigation was Khabarov’s removal from control of the Cossack detachment, his arrest and further transfer to Moscow. All his property was confiscated and described. Instead of Khabarov, Zinoviev appointed Onufriy Stepanov Kuznets as a man of command on the Amur.
In December 1654, Zinoviev and Khabarov arrived in Moscow, where a detailed investigation into Khabarov’s actions began. As a result of this trial, the leaders of the “rebellion” against Khabarov were completely acquitted. Khabarov filed a complaint against Zinoviev, and a new trial began, which ended in the fall of 1655 in favor of Khabarov.
1.6. Petition to the sovereign
In 1655, Khabarov submitted a petition to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, in which he detailed his merits in the development of Siberian and Daurian lands. The tsar respected Khabarov's request only partially: no monetary salary was given, but for many years of service he was promoted to rank - he received the title of son of a boyar, and was sent to Siberia to manage the Ust-Kut volost.
1.7. Further fate
In 1667, Khabarov came to Tobolsk on business and on November 15 submitted a petition to the governor P.I. Godunov, in which he again asked to be allowed to equip 100 people at his own expense and go with them to the Amur in the Daurian land “ establish cities and forts and start grain plowing, from which the sovereign will profit from yasak collection and grain plowing" What answer Khabarov received is unknown, just as his future fate is unknown.
1.8. A place of death
The place of death is also unknown for certain. He spent the last years of his life in Ust-Kirenga, a fort on the Lena River (now the city of Kirensk, Irkutsk region), as a result of which it is widely believed in Kirensk that the grave of Erofey Khabarov is located in this city.
However, according to the Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, Khabarov’s grave was located in the Bratsk prison (now the city of Bratsk, Irkutsk region).
2. Legacy
Named after Khabarov:
· Khabarovka military post founded in 1858 (since 1880 - Khabarovsk);
· village and railway station Erofey Pavlovich on the Trans-Siberian Railway (1909).
· in many cities of Russia and the former USSR there are streets named after him: in Yakutsk, Kharkov, Bratsk, Ust-Kut and others.
Literature
· Bakhrushin S.V. Cossacks on the Amur. Leningrad, 1925
· Magidovich I. P., Magidovich V. I. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries, vol. 2., Moscow, 1983. pp. 300-303
· Safonov F.G. Erofey Khabarov: A story about the fate of a Russian explorer. - Khabarovsk: 1983.
· Leontyeva G. A. Explorer Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov. - Moscow: 1991.
Bibliography:
1. Bratsk prison // Small encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron
2. Cossack hundred. Brief biographies of one hundred Cossack figures in the field of military and civil service, science, literature and art in the 16th - 20th centuries. Issue 1. - Moscow: Voenizdat, 1996. - T. 1. - P. 14-15. - 280 s. - ISBN 5-203-01820-0
3. Vadim Turaev, “ON THE CHARACTER OF BILLS IN PUBLICATIONS OF DOCUMENTS OF RUSSIAN EXPLORERS XVII”
4. Ostrog.ucoz.ru - Stepan Vasilyev son of Polyakov
5. Biografija.ru - Khabarov Erofey Pavlovich
6. Kmslib.ru - Khabarovsk region. Travelers and explorers of the Far East
7. Khabarov Erofey Pav. // Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov is one of the most famous explorers of Russian territories. Thanks to his work, a large number of new lands were discovered, which began to be used for agricultural purposes. Discoverer of a number of salt deposits. Today we will talk about what an amazing life Erofei Khabarov lived. What did this man discover and what trace did he leave in the history of our country?
Birth
Today it is not known for certain where exactly the explorer was born. The only thing we managed to find out for sure was that it happened in the Votlozhemsky volost.
According to the opinions of some ethnographers of the last century, there are three options for the villages where Khabarov was born:
- village of Kurtsevo;
- village of Dmitrievo;
- Svyatitsa village.
But the theory of the Leningrad scientist Belov that Khabarov’s birthplace is the village of Dmitrievo was refuted at the beginning of the 21st century. This is due to the fact that the modern territory of the settlement at that time was not part of the Votlogzhemsky volost.
Brief biographical information
Explorer Erofey Khabarov (lived 1603-1671) died at the age of 68. During this time, he managed to leave a huge mark on history.
Khabarov was a peasant, but, despite all the difficulties that fell on the shoulders of this category of the population, he never stopped dreaming of travel.
At the age of 25, his dream finally came true. Having left a fairly large farm, he, along with other wealthy villagers, fishermen, hunters, Cossacks and simply adventure lovers, set off beyond the territory of the Stone Belt.
In 1628 he had already arrived at the Yenisei. In this territory, the young man quickly got used to it and began to engage in his usual arable farming; trade became his circle of interests. After some time, Erofey entered military service in Yeniseisk.
After completing his military service, Erofei Khabarov, whose brief biography is presented to your attention in the article, together with his brother Nikifor wanted to return to their homeland, but due to the persecution of Vologda and Ustyug settlers, the brothers decided to go to Siberia. At his new place of residence, the future researcher again took up trade, and within a short period of time became a fairly wealthy entrepreneur.
When rumors appeared on the territory of Siberia about natural resources near the banks of the Lena River, Khabarov, together with a small detachment, set off to explore the new territory.
Going to jail
After moving to the banks of the Lena River, Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (a brief summary of his life is known to everyone interested in the history of our country) decided to engage in fur farming and therefore traveled along all the tributaries of the river.
In 1639, he became seriously interested in the salt springs, which were located near the mouth of the Kuta. Here he decided to stop. Since he became acquainted with the technology of making salt in his homeland, the only thing left for him was to buy a plot of land and build wells and brewhouses on it. Soon Khabarov established trade in bread, salt and other necessary products.
But since the man did not like to stay in place for a long time, after 2 years he decided to move to the mouth of Kirenga. On this territory, he also created a small salt production enterprise, which developed very quickly.
Khabarov Erofey never spared money and food for the poor and needy. One day, the then famous military leader Ivan Golovin (voivode of the settlement where the researcher lived) asked Khabarov for three thousand pounds of bread as a loan for his detachment. But as time passed, he not only did not return what he had taken, but also, with the help of force, took away his saltworks and land with sown grain from Khabarov, and sent the researcher himself to prison. The man was released only in 1645, but all his enterprises had already been confiscated.
Daurian expedition
In 1648, Erofey Khabarov, whose photo, as the reader himself understands, has not survived from those times, heard that on the territory of Dauria there was a huge amount of natural wealth and there was an opportunity to build significant capital. Since the man had neither the means nor the desire to go to the new territory on his own, he decided to take advantage of the support of the new governor of the settlement, Dmitry Frantsbekov.
Having described to the governor all the advantages of this expedition, Khabarov Erofei received on loan government-issued weapons (it even included several cannons), equipment for military operations and a number of agricultural supplies. From his own financial resources, Franzbekov allocated a small amount to each participant in the expedition. In order for Erofei and his assistants to be able to swim across the river, the governor provided them with a ship taken from industrialists from Yakutia. Bread was taken from these same merchants in such quantities that it was enough to feed 70 people (this is the number of people who were part of Khabarov’s detachment).
River crossing
Khabarov Erofey, having learned how Franzbekov found all the necessary equipment for his expedition, decided not to delay sailing, because he feared discontent from the Yakut traders.
In 1649, the explorer’s detachment was already heading towards the mouth of the Tungir along the Lena and Olekma rivers. On the way, they were caught by frost, so the expedition members were forced to stop.
At the beginning of January 1650, the expedition members got into sledges and sailed along the Tungir in a southerly direction.
Having crossed the spurs of Olemkinsky Stanovik, the detachment reached Urka (after a period of time a railway and a settlement named after Khabarov were built there).
Exploring the lands
The residents of Daura learned about the approach of Khabarov’s detachment ahead of schedule, so they packed their things and left their habitat. Thus, the participants of the campaign arrived in an empty city.
Having explored the city, Khabarov and his assistants discovered about a hundred large houses with wide windows. According to calculations, at least 50 people could live in one such house. Also on the territory of the settlement there were deep pits in which reserves of bread were hidden.
Then the men decided to go to the bank of the Amur. On their way they encountered several settlements that were also empty. In one of these dwellings, the squad members found a woman who said that on the other side of the river there was a large city, the ruler of which had a strong army and untold wealth. She was describing Manchuria.
Another expedition
Having received information from the woman, Khabarov decided to leave 50 people from his detachment in the developed territory, and he, along with the remaining people, went back to Yakutia. In the late spring of 1650, he achieved his goal.
On the way back to Yakutia, the researcher was busy drawing up a detailed drawing of the territory of Dauria, which was then sent to Moscow.
It was this drawing that was the basis for the creation of maps of Siberia in the 17th century.
In Yakutia, Khabarov began to assemble a new detachment, tempting people with the untold riches of the lands of Dauria. As a result of this propaganda, he managed to gather 110 people. Moreover, 27 of them were Frantsbekov’s assistants. The detachment was equipped with three cannons.
At the beginning of the autumn of the same year, Erofei returned to the banks of the Amur again.
Acquisitive actions
Arriving at the territory of Dauria, the researcher found the people remaining here near the walls of the Albazin fortress, where they fought with the local residents. Seeing help from Khabarov, the indigenous residents decided to retreat. But Erofei’s people caught up with them and took them prisoner.
Erofey Pavlovich decided to make a base camp on the territory of the Albazin fortress. It was from there that he oversaw attacks on local residents. It is worth noting that the members of the detachment captured Daurian women and divided them among themselves.
Research of the banks of the Amur
In the early summer of 1651, Khabarov and his people began to explore the expanses of the Amur. Initially, the squad members saw only abandoned settlements, but after a few days, they reached a well-fortified city. Outside its walls, a whole detachment of Daurian warriors prepared for the fight. But, using cannons, Khabarov’s detachment overcame the obstacle and captured the city.
After this, the researcher began sending messengers to various settlements of Dauria so that the local residents would come under the control of the Russian Tsar and begin paying tribute to him. But most local residents rejected the offer, since they were subjects of Manchuria and did not want to pay tribute to another ruler.
Having obtained the horses, Khabarov’s detachment moved on. On the territory near the Zeya River, another settlement was captured by the explorer’s people. Erofey Pavlovich expected to receive a huge tribute from the prisoners, but the local residents provided him with only a few sables, promising that they would give the rest by the fall. It would seem that relations between Khabarov’s detachment and the local residents had improved, but literally after a few nights the indigenous settlers fled. This angered the researcher and, having burned the captured fortress, he moved on.
Starting from the mouth of the Bureya, there were territories inhabited by the Goguls - a people similar to the Manchus. They were also captured and robbed by Khabarov's people.
Nanai territories
In September, Khabarov's people reached new territories and stopped in one of the large villages. He sent one part of his detachment of men to catch fish. The locals took advantage of this and attacked them. But they failed to gain victory, having lost more than 100 people, they decided to retreat.
In response to such an encroachment, Khabarov began to strengthen the settlement and remained there for the winter. It was from there that the explorer's people went to the local residents, robbing them or taking tribute.
In the spring of 1652, Khabarov and its people were attacked by a huge detachment of Manchu warriors, about 1000 people. But the attackers were defeated.
Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov understood that the number of his people was not enough to capture Manchuria, so immediately after the ice on the river melted, he left his wintering place and went against the flow.
Discord in the squad
Having crossed the mouth of the Songhua River, Khabarov and his men met a Russian auxiliary detachment. But even this did not force him to return to conquer the territory of Manchuria, since he discovered that the ruler of this territory had gathered an army of six thousand against him.
At the beginning of August, near the mouth of the Zeya River, part of Khabarov’s detachment rebelled; people did not want to just retreat from the goal, so they stole 3 ships and fled. Moving across the expanses of the Amur, they plundered nearby territories. Having reached the Gilyak land, they decided to create their own fort there and remove the duty from the Daurs.
But Khabarov did not like this turn of the situation, therefore, having reached this prison, he destroyed it. The traitors promised to surrender on the condition that they were left with life and loot, but Erofey Petrovich did not agree to the agreement and not only took the loot, but also beat the traitors almost to death.
Another wintering
Having eradicated the traitors, Khabarov remained on the territory of the Gilyatsk land for the winter. In the spring of 1653, he returned to Dauria, to the mouth of the Zeya River, where he remained throughout the summer. During this period, his people traveled around the territories adjacent to the Amur and collected tribute.
A little later, the ambassador of the Russian Tsar arrived to Khabarov and other participants in the campaign, who brought them awards. He informed Erofei Petrovich that he no longer had the right to manage the detachment and was removed from business. After the researcher objected, he was beaten and sent to Moscow.
Zinoviev deprived the man of everything.
Meeting with the king
In Moscow, Erofei Khabarov, whose biography is interesting to his contemporaries, appeared before the Tsar. He gave him a fairly good reception and gave the order to Zinoviev to return all the property of Erofey Petrovich.
The researcher received the title of “boyar son”. The Tsar gave Khabarov the opportunity to manage several settlements located on the territory near the Lena River, and donated several villages in Eastern Siberia. He duly appreciated the researcher's contribution.
Over time, a large region was created on the territory of the Far East, the center of which was named Khabarovsk.
The explorer spent his last years in the territory of the modern city of Kirensk (Irkutsk region), according to modern researchers, it is there that the grave of this great man is located.
Erofey Khabarov (you learned briefly about this man from the article) really deserves respect, because, despite all the hardships of life, he was able to reach great heights and leave his name in history.