Gdz collection of dictations in the Russian language. Spelling past tense verbs

Bogdanova G. A. Collection of dictations in the Russian language. 5-9 grades

5 CLASS

SYNTAX AND PUNCTUATION

Dash between subject and predicate in a simple sentence

I. 1) September is the time of boletus, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps and white mushrooms. 2) Cranberry is the last berry of September. 3) September is departure time. 4) In nature, September is the evening of the year. 5) Astra is the queen of daisies. 6) October is the month when birds say goodbye to their native nests. 7) Moscow is the northern border of the distribution of oak trees. 8) Spinning fishing is an interesting and exciting sport hunt. 9) The finch is a protector of gardens, parks, forests, steppe oak forests, a tireless singer.

(By D. Zuev)

II. 1) Magpie is the most talkative bird in the world. 2) The owl is a resident of the polar countries. 3) Lynx is a ferocious forest cat. 4) A horse is a herbivore animal. 5) The end of winter is the hungriest time in the forest. 6) Some people think that a mole is a rodent.

(By V. Bianchi)

III. 1) Frogs are cold-blooded animals. (S. Obraztsov) 2) Nettle is one of the most curious plants. (V. Soloukhin) 3) The first sign of a tsunami is the retreat of the ocean from the shore. (V. Burlak) 4) Bravery is the sister of victory. (Proverb) 5) Diligence is the mother of luck. (Proverb) 6) Our squirrel is a craftswoman. (L. Kulikov) 7) The ancient homeland of the blue bird is India. 8) Travel is a difficult business. (N. Sladkov) 9) Birds are protectors of the harvest. 10) The tit is a favorite of bird catchers. 11) Minks are predatory and voracious animals.

IV. 1) The Seven Wonders of the World - seven monuments created by ancient masters. 2) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are an amazing structure. 3) The most ancient Greek temples were simple wooden buildings with a hearth inside. 4) The pyramids of Egypt are the only one of the seven wonders that has come down to us.

(Based on the book )

Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members

Schematic dictations

I. 1) White fluffy snow swirls in the air and quietly falls to the ground and lies down. (I. Surikov) 2) The sun has cleared up during the day and is going down behind the curly forest. (I. Nikitin) 3) So the sun rises, it shines from behind the arable fields, and has left its overnight rest beyond the seas. (I. Nikitin) 4) The night is already falling, the lights are cutting across the sky. (I. Nikitin) 5) Fedor Fedorovich fired at the magpie, but missed. (E. Charushin)

II. 1) I saw a flock of rafts in the water near the shore and threw a small pebble at them. (K. Paustovsky) 2) Every day the sun rose earlier in the morning and disappeared more and more reluctantly in the evenings. (V. Bianchi) 3) Fallen leaves cover the ground and rustle loudly with every touch. (F. Zalten) 4) The robin chirped clearly, cheerfully, loudly. (D. Zuev) 5) The autumn wind rises in the forests and moves noisily through the thickets. (I. Bunin)

III. 1) After the summer separation, jackdaws and crows fly into the city and occupy winter apartments: eaves, attics, roofs. 2) Hordes of birds gather in flocks and circle over the fields: rooks, starlings, seagulls, swallows. 3) Other birds are flying towards us from the north: goldfinches, jays, crossbills. 4) The tit eats harmful insects: beetles, leaf beetles, leaf rollers. 5) In cold weather, the squirrel feeds on autumn supplies: nuts, acorns, mushrooms, pine cones.

(By D. Zuev)

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) We treated different birds: heron, tit, starling. (L. Uspensky) 2) The rain beat on the windows, on the tin roofs, on the wooden railings, and gurgled on the drainpipe. (V. Burlak) 3) Midges have stuck around the lamp, warming my thin legs. (V. Lunin) 4) The sun sets over the sea, waving its red head. (S. Kozlov) 5) At night, a blue darkness creeps into the forests and ravines. (V. Levin) 6) The moon rises like a ball of fire and bathes the forest in a red glow. (I. Nikitin) 7) The swollen purple branches of the poplars fluttered cheerfully and lively. (A. Tolstoy) 8) A bee sat on a flower and lowered its proboscis. (G. Ladonshchikov) 9) In spring, bare twigs on the shore will bloom and turn into wonderful willow bushes. (G. Snegirev) 10) Filka pulled his sheepskin coat around him, jumped out into the street and ran to the mill. (K. Paustovsky) 11) In this picture there are things: a box, a brush, a raincoat and pliers. (A. Barto) 12) The snow fell in white dust for a long time and powdered the windows. (K. Paustovsky) 13) The cat stole everything: fish, meat, sour cream. (K. Paustovsky) 14) A lot of birds sit scattered on the water: ducks of different breeds, swans, seagulls.

II. 1) In September, different fish are caught with a fishing rod: pike perch, catfish. 2) Flowers are lit with fires in the flower beds: asters, dahlias, phlox. 3) The finch destroys harmful insects: caterpillars, bugs, small butterflies. 4) The trees were washed by the rain: poplars, aspen, hazel. 5) In October, collecting the gifts of summer: viburnum, mountain ash, cranberries.

(By D. Zuev)

Punctuation marks
in simple and complex sentences with a conjunctionAnd

Schematic dictations

I. 1) In the morning snow fell and everything around turned white. 2) The wind will cover the bushes with snow and rush on. (G. Snegirev) 3) Quiet night falls on the tops of the mountains, and the moon looks into the mirror of the lakes. (I. Nikitin) 4) The taiga breathes warmth and smells of resin. 5) The rain has passed, and the grass seems to have come to life.

II. 1) The koala eats a lot of eucalyptus leaves, and their juice replaces his water. (A. Babeneshev) 2) The day turned out to be hot, and the animals flocked to the river. 3) A fresh wind blew through the window and reminded me of the sea. 4) The fire went out and the mosquitoes attacked us again. 5) The dog rushed forward, and the hunter let go of the leash.

III. 1) At that moment, the Snow Queen picked up Kai, and they soared onto a black cloud. (G. Andersen) 2) The old queen threw the mattresses off the bed and put a pea on the bare boards. (G. Andersen) 3) The jay craned its neck and shook its head restlessly. (V. Burlak) 4) Finally the boy took a fancy to the tree and climbed it. (V. Astafiev) 5) The curly canopy of the oak trees turns yellow, and the round leaf of the aspen is red. (E. Baratynsky)

IV. 1) The bushes began to move, and a huge elk came out into the clearing. 2) There was a thunderstorm with a strong wind, and at night the rotten tree collapsed. 3) The cat looked at us from above with wild eyes and howled menacingly. (K. Paustovsky) 4) The pelican hastily climbed out of the water and hobbled towards our rest stop. (K. Paustovsky) 5) The green flaps of the water lilies slowly disperse through the water, and the white leaves unfold into a lush flower. (E. Shim)

V. 1) There was a splash and the seal’s body disappeared into the water. 2) The moon appeared early and disturbed the owl’s peace. 3) The sea shimmered slightly in the distance, and individual islands stood out as dark silhouettes against the background of the water. (G. Skrebitsky) 4) The usual sound of the surf ceases, and the bottom is exposed for hundreds of meters. (V. Burlak) 5) We fished and made fires in the coastal thickets. (K. Paustovsky)

VI. 1) The blue sky looks cheerful, and the large village sleeps carefree. (I. Nikitin) 2) We fell asleep in the darkness of the plain, and only occasionally a cool breeze would stir the aspen leaves. (I. Nikitin) 3) The thunderstorm has passed, and a branch of white roses breathes its aroma into my window. (A. Blok) 4) We slept on the leaves and were thoroughly saturated with their smell. (K. Paustovsky) 5) The slanting light of the sun fell on the dark water and was reflected in it. (K. Paustovsky)

VII. 1) Suddenly a storm came with large hail, and it scattered all the foliage. 2) The April rain fell for the first time and refreshed everything around. 3) The sun shone through the rain, and it gilded the drops on the grass. 4) The water was now murmuring under a thick snowdrift and gaining strength for the victory of spring. 5) The learned stork opened a forest school, and he gathered the kids for their first lesson. (M. Plyatskovsky)

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) The corollas of herbs swayed above their heads and sprinkled their shoulders with yellow flower dust. 2) Stripes of light penetrated the thicket of grass and bushes, and for an instant the banks flashed with hundreds of colors. 3) The kites trembled slantingly in the blue and went buzzing into the shadow of the clouds. 4) The wind quickly gains strength, and after two or three hours a fierce hurricane is already lashing from the mountains to the bay and the city. 5) Snowstorms flew through the forest, and the frosts intensified. 6) Cold rain was falling over the meadows, and the wind was blowing obliquely. 7) In the light of the moon, the birch trees glowed faintly and cast light shadows on the snow. 8) We rested in the dense thickets of aspen and birch trees and breathed the moldy mushroom smell of grass. 9) He met my eyes and nodded his head to me. 10) The cat stole a piece of liverwurst from the table and climbed up a birch tree with it.

(From works K. Paustovsky)

II. 1) Autumn has come, the flowers have dried up, and the bare bushes look sad. (A. Pleshcheev) 2) The boys found a dry place, sat down on the shore and spread out their fishing rods. 3) Suddenly the sun appeared over the horizon and splashed its rays onto the ground. 4) The night passed under a large clear moon, and by morning the first snow fell. (M. Prishvin) 5) The sun has already warmed the earth, and its rays illuminated the surroundings. 6) The branches made a slight noise from the light breeze and seemed to be feeling each other. 7) In early spring, a hot ray of sun illuminated everything and touched even the cone on the top of the old spruce. (M. Prishvin)

III. 1) Ivanushka crept up to the horse and immediately threw a rope around his neck. 2) Ivan Tsarevich shot an arrow, and his arrow flew straight into a swampy swamp. 3) The carriage drove up to the porch, and Vasilisa the Wise got out of it.

(From Russian folk tales)

IV. 1) The helicopter climbed along an oblique line and soon disappeared behind a wooded slope. 2) The surf was noisy, and countless sunbeams sparkled in the ocean waves. 3) The darkness thinned, and the vague outlines of mountains appeared in the distance. 4) She crawled out of the snowdrift with difficulty and sat down in the snow. 5) Greenish waves rolled onto the rocks and crashed noisily against the stones. 6) The door opened and a girl appeared on the threshold. 7) Suddenly a bright light flashed, and we came out into a large clearing. 8) The wind blew away the clouds, and moonlight poured into the windows of the palace. 9) The sun disappeared behind the trees, and in the west the first star lit up in the clear sky.

(From works V. Gubareva)

Punctuation marks
in compound and complex sentences

Schematic dictations

I. 1) The snow was covered with a hard crust, along which hungry wolves approached the estate itself at night. (A. Tolstoy) 2) There is still snow in the forest, but in the clearing there are already black spots of earth. 3) I looked closer and saw that the titmouse was catching snowflakes in its mouth. (V. Belov) 4) And the frogs don’t sing if autumn comes. (S. Kozlov) 5) The moon shines under the scythe, and the star burns in the forehead. (A. Pushkin)

II. 1) A hare runs across the field, and the trail follows him. (V. Bianchi) 2) I saw that snow had fallen. 3) In the summer there will be a good harvest of herbs if there is water in the flooded meadows in April. 4) One day the Cat found out that the king was going for a walk along the river bank. (C. Perrault) 5) The sisters asked Cinderella for advice in everything, because she had good taste. (C. Perrault)

III. 1) A fresh breeze blew, and a white cloud soon clouded the horizon. 2) When we woke up, the sun had already risen high. 3) I noticed that my companions were tired. 4) The spring forest does not fall silent for a minute, and the ear involuntarily catches every sound. 5) The sun had already disappeared, and long shadows were quickly approaching from the direction of the forest.

IV. 1) When we climbed the mountain, I saw a large village below. 2) Petya won’t go on a hike because he’s sick. 3) Suddenly I saw a fox jump out of the bushes. 4) Young leaves rustled on the trees, and birds chirped loudly in the bushes. 5) Zhilin knew that his letter would not arrive. (L. Tolstoy)

V. 1) The dew had already fallen, but Zhilin did not reach the edge of the forest. (L. Tolstoy) 2) In autumn, deer move to the south, where they find a lot of food. 3) When we went to bed, the hedgehog was running around the house. 4) The door opened quietly, and the princess found herself in a bright room. (A. Pushkin) 5) When the evening dawn flashed in the sky, the forest calmly fell asleep.

VI. 1) We crossed the forest ravine, and a large clearing opened in front of us. 2) When the sun came out from behind the treetops, a lantern lit up in every drop of dew. 3) I woke up my brother and we went fishing. 4) The storm subsided, and large ice floes floated on the water. 5) But then the reeds rustled, and circles from the first drops appeared on the water. (V. Astafiev)

Warning, explanatory dictation

1) It was night when the hunter came out of the forest to the seashore. (V. Bianchi) 2) Suddenly he saw kids ahead who were playing in the middle of the boulevard. (N. Nosov) 3) The rye had already emerged, and light shadows from the clouds floated across it. (G. Skrebitsky) 4) The snow in the forest has melted, and the ice on the forest paths has turned blue. (N. Sladkov) 5) The day came, and traveling circus performers appeared on the city street. 6) Snow fell, and soon a white blanket hid all traces. 7) I headed to the place where the hunters made a halt yesterday. (V. Peskov) 8) It was he who told me that yesterday a bear came to the apiary. (V. Peskov) 9) An inexperienced person will say that all nightingales sing the same way. (V. Peskov) 10) The first frosts struck, and soon the earth was drowned in a white veil of blizzards.

Punctuation marks
when addressing and when speaking directly

Schematic dictations

I. 1) The governor says: “The cockerel is crowing again.” (A. Pushkin) 2) “What are you in charge of here?” - Dunno intervened. (N. Nosov) 3) “Why doesn’t the bear sleep in winter?” - Katyusha asked her father.

II. 1) Petka greeted me with a grumble: “What took you so long?” 2) Grandma said: “Now we’ll cook fish soup.” 3) “Tell me,” my mother asked. 4) Mom reminded: “Don’t walk far from the road.” 5) “Something feels bad,” said the wounded man. 6) The wounded man asked: “Where does father work?” 7) “Now there’s no shame in making peace with Senka,” Petka announced. 8) Petka blurted out: “We heard your conversation.” 9) “What’s her name?” - the guys ask. 10) After this, the guys became completely angry with the blue snake: “Let’s not talk about it!” 11) The girl asked: “Take me to the mine with you tomorrow.” 12) She says: “I wish I had a flower like this.” 13) The girl then says: “She will warm you in the snow and take you home.” 14) “How can you spend the night in the forest in winter?” - asks Darenka.

(According to tales P. Bazhova)

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) “Alyosha, help me catch the chicken!” - the cook shouted. 2) The king answered: “I didn’t think you were such a sloth.” 3) “Do you know your lesson?” - asked the teacher. 4) The minister said through tears: “Alyosha, I forgive you.”

(A. Pogorelsky)

II. 1) “Turn to me, hut, in front,” says Ivan. 2) The frog says to the prince: “Go alone to the feast, and I will follow you.” 3) The king first took the carpet from the eldest prince, looked and said: “This carpet is only to cover the horses from the rain.”

(From a fairytale "Princess Frog")

III. 1) “Do you want me to give you your portrait, Pulka?” - Dunno suggested. 2) “Shame on you, kids!” - Blue Eyes exclaimed. 3) Guslya climbed onto the stage and shouted: “Come to me, brothers!” 4) “Look, brothers, someone is running after us!” - Donut shouted. (N. Nosov)

Punctuation marks in dialogue

Explanatory dictation

Sparrow and Tit

Guess, Titmouse, what is the most terrible weapon people have?
- A gun.
- Uh, I didn’t guess!
- A gun?
- I didn’t guess correctly again!
- What then, Sparrow?
- Slingshot...

(N. Sladkov)

Repetition on the topic “Syntax and punctuation”

Schematic dictations

I. 1) Groves of young pines crowd on the shore, and all the aspen leaves shine together in the sun. 2) Grandfather said that he met the devil on the channel near the lake. 3) We were afraid that the first match would set the forest on fire. 4) The tits hung upside down on the branches and looked out the window from under the maple leaves. 5) The clouds roll over the ridge and fall towards the sea.

(K. Paustovsky)

II. 1) The frog sat in the swamp, caught mosquitoes and midges, and croaked with her friends in the spring. 2) One day she was sitting on a branch of a driftwood sticking out of the water and enjoying the warm rain. 3) The ducks sat down in the same swamp where the frog lived. 4) When the ducks told her about the south, the frog was delighted. 5) “I came up with this!” - she screamed.

(By V. Garshin)

III. 1) When the sun set below the horizon, the wind died down. 2) They went to where the fire was burning. 3) The warm sun walks high and waits for the fragrant lily of the valley. (A. Fet) 4) The light fell on the porch and on a round flowerbed with bright flowers. (V. Gubarev) 5) The carriage drove up to the porch, and Vasilisa the Wise got out of it. (Fairy tale)

IV. 1) Ivanushka crept up to the horse and immediately threw a rope around his neck. (Fairy tale) 2) Ivan Tsarevich shot an arrow, and his arrow flew straight into a swampy swamp. (Fairy tale) 3) We barely made it to the road because the snow stuck to the ski runners. 4) When the frost hit, the ice hole froze. 5) The guys got to the place where the river turned south.

V. 1) They walked for a long time along a narrow corridor and finally saw a light ahead. (V. Gubarev) 2) She opened her eyes and immediately closed her eyes against the sun. (V. Gubarev) 3) I realized that Volodya would be late for the train. 4) The guys calmed down when they heard a rustling in the bushes. 5) They stayed in the village because it rained all night.

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) February is the month of foodlessness for birds. (D. Zuev) 2) The raindrops, which had ceased to make noise, flowed quietly along the leaves, the trees whispered quietly, the cuckoo screamed in the distance. (A. Tolstoy) 3) The frost crackles, and the blizzard howls, and snow flakes fall on top of each other, and a snowdrift grows. (I. Nikitin) 4) In winter, the windows often froze, but the children heated copper coins on the stove and applied them to the frozen glass. (G. Andersen) 5) There is a reason, Mighty Rus', to love you and call you mother. (I. Nikitin) 6) Sometimes the trees parted and revealed sunny meadows. 7) The sun stands motionless overhead and burns the grass. (I. Goncharov) 8) Grandfather realized that a forest fire had started. (K. Paustovsky) 9) When the rain passed, we walked out of the forest along the path. 10) I listened to the cranes rustling in the swamp. 11) Beavers feed on plant foods: algae, sedge, tree bark.

II. 1) When the flax blossomed like blue stars in the fields, we went fishing at night to a distant river. 2) Now a silver rim remains from the sun, and darkness descends on the forest. 3) Wood grouse are the oldest birds on earth. 4) I saw the lights of lanterns moving across the field. 5) A bird noisily flies out of the bush and flies between the tree trunks. 6) The grouse scatter and hide in the tall grass. 7) Dozens of narrow paths run away from the ant city, and ants busily run along them in a stream. 8) Beavers feed on the bark of trees: willows, aspens, birches. 9) When the hare ran very close, I shouted: “Run away, scythe, quickly!” 10) Animals roamed the reserve: bears, deer, white partridges. 11) The sun had already risen, there was soundless silence. 12) Dragonflies flew over the water lilies, swallows circled in the sky. 13) During the day, the hedgehog climbed into an old boot, and at night it went out to prey. 14) A mouse rustles underfoot, hungry wolves howl in the swamp. 15) Animals are still sleeping in their warm dens: bears, badgers. 16) April is the noisiest month of spring water.

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

III. The day had long gone out, and the evening quietly melted and turned into night. The sun was setting, its last rays scattered in wide crimson stripes.
The trees merged into large blackening masses, and the first stars timidly appeared in the blue sky.

(By I. Turgenev)

IV. A thunderstorm was approaching. Ahead, a huge purple cloud slowly rose from behind the forest, and above me and towards me, gray clouds rushed towards me. The willows moved and trembled anxiously. The sweltering heat suddenly gave way to damp cold, the shadows quickly growing thicker. Large drops of rain began to knock sharply, splashed on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out.

(By I. Turgenev)

V. Black Lake is named after the color of the water. This color is especially beautiful in the fall, when yellow and red leaves of birch and aspens fly to the black water. They cover the water so thickly that the boat rustles through the leaves and leaves behind a shiny black road.

(By K. Paustovsky)

Control dictations

Summer is ending. The fires of leaf fall are getting brighter and brighter. Autumn painted the birch and maple trees yellow, and the leaves of the aspen trees turned red. She went to the forests, to the fields, to the meadows, removed the golden grain from the fields, and in the meadows swept the fragrant haystacks into tall stacks.
Schools of birds rose into the sky: cranes, ducks, geese. Here, just under the clouds, large white birds fly and send farewell greetings to their native places. "Goodbye, birds!" - people see them off.
Autumn is in a hurry, in a hurry. The motley collection of leaves is washed away by the cold rain. The sun came out from behind a cloud, and under its gentle rays the gloomy picture of autumn changed. (92 words)

(By G. Skrebitsky)

The last smile of the sun fades and fades on the tender greenery of the birch tree. Its sticky leaves are blooming. Once a year there is such a fresh scent.
The first star is already entangled in the ligature of the branched top and looks at the ground with curiosity. Birds are pouring in: robins, finches. The most vocal singer at this time is the blackbird. You not only hear it, but also see it. He sits on the top of a spruce tree, spins and sings loudly.
The radiant colors of the sunset shimmer wonderfully. As dusk deepens, its purple fades. The ringing evening fades into the darkness of the night. The blackbird whistled one last time and flew away. Suddenly a rushing stream began to speak, and the voices of birds stopped echoing the singing of the water. A charming moment of forest silence! (101 words)

(By D. Zuev)

We wandered through the forest for a long time. The day was ending and twilight was approaching. The distant sun went beyond the horizon and cast its last rays onto the earth. The forest clearings filled with thick darkness, and it crawled from the ground to the tops of the trees: spruce, pine.
But the birds fell silent, only sometimes the lonely voice of a bird is heard. Soon we began to notice the outlines of the branches with great difficulty, because the rays of the evening sun barely illuminated the forest.
When the sun disappeared behind the treetops, the trace of the familiar path began to disappear.
The first star appeared above the Christmas tree. The night was coming into its own. “It’s time to go home,” we decided. (91 words)

MORPHEMICS

Cognate words and forms of the same word.
Ending, root word

Vocabulary dictations

I. Write down, highlight the root in the words.

1) Explain; far; Union; enjoy; shake; give; approach; whisper; shine (a lantern); get involved.
2) Shiver from the cold; be heard in silence; amazing phenomenon; blinds the eyes; appear in the sky; creaky floor; tremble with fear; crawl out of a hole; the braids were disheveled; divide into parts.

II. Highlight roots in verbs; Underline words ending in zero.

Bursting at the seams; grab the rope; dedicate a story; give an album; write down an example; do not offend the baby; feed your brother; leaves rustle; caress your sister; boil the mushrooms; sit on the porch; try on clothes; beg for help.

III. Select in words the morpheme that indicates the grammatical features of nouns, adjectives, and verbs.

Write; you will see; white; hunter; swan; yellowish; built; reed; whispers.

IV. Write down and underline different forms of the same word.

Svetelka; education; shine (with a candle); enlightenment; shine; illuminate; in the light.
Dedicate (poem); dedication; saint; dedicated (work); Holy places).

Selective dictations

I. Distribute the words in two columns depending on how you can say about the word: 1) ends in A; 2) has an ending A.

1) Right; nature is beautiful; valley; at the horizon; manifested; where.
2) Mire; glorified; from afar; disappeared; yesterday; The birch tree is sad.
3) Surprised; the girl is caring; slightly; Tomorrow; brought closer; the silence is amazing.

II. Write down the words, distributing them in columns:

1) tested vowels in roots; 2) unverified vowels in roots; 3) alternating vowels in roots.

transmit; be surprised; briefcase; overgrow; shake; will grow up; set forth; appear; offer; adjective; treat; director; muffler.

III. Write down words with an alternating vowel in the root.

set out; assume; spoon; age; camp; dash; settle down; overgrow; melt; hollow; false; solution; lost; kindling; dewy; luxurious; industry.

IV. Listen to an excerpt from K. Sergienko’s story “Days of Late Autumn.” Write down words with the same root and different forms of the same word in two columns.

This week is silver. Look, even the apples have a silvery light. The moonlight is especially silver, and the stars are made of silver. If you go out at night and say something into the depths of the garden, the echo will be flickering, silvery. There is silver in your voice, especially when you laugh. Silver shoes and a silver mother-of-pearl dress would suit you this week...

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. Indicate words without ending and with zero ending.

The starry sky froze over the black taiga. The trees seemed motionless, and this made their dull noise sound especially menacing. The icy moon hung overhead. Its light was pure and distant and did not seem to reach the earth.

(By E. Shimu)

II. Match 2-3 nouns with words of the same root and different forms of the same word. Analyze the composition of any verb with a prefix.

The guys left the village and scattered along the edge of the road. They look for mushrooms along the slopes of the ditch, under old lonely birch trees, where the growing moss breaks and crumbles under their feet.

(By E. Shimu)

III. Indicate words with the same root and different forms of one word.

A mushroom cannot live without a tree and a tree cannot live without mushrooms. Mushrooms can be planted in gardens and parks. White and black mushrooms should be planted under birch, oak, spruce and pine trees, saffron milk caps - under fir trees and near pine trees.

(By D. Zuev)

IV. Find words with the same root and different forms of one word. Indicate adjectives whose structure corresponds to the following diagrams:
.Highlight endings in words that belong to independent parts of speech in the first paragraph.

Gray boletus nests in damp forests. They have soft, waxy caps on tall, thin stems, and purple-brown flesh at the break.
Another, velvety boletus grows in dry copses. Touch his olive cap and it will turn black. In the same places you will find the most beautiful boletus with a black-brown cap. And in damp, mossy birch forests, obabok grows later than everyone else. It is on a thin stalk, with a delicate greenish cap.

(D. Zuev)

V. Indicate words with the same root and different forms of the word. Disassemble verbs with prefixes according to their composition. Find two words with zero endings.

Cold! Eyelashes and nostrils stick together. The snow squeals underfoot. The river is frozen, but at the very rapids under the ice hole of steam - the river is breathing. Her cold breath causes white corollas of flowers to grow on the edges of the ice.
The breath of winter will give birth to wonderful flowers. Only ice flowers are cold and dead.

(By N. Sladkov)

Spelling vowels and consonants in prefixes

Vocabulary dictation

Highlight prefixes in verbs.

Beg for help; caress your sister; illuminate with a lantern; write down the exercise; flutters in the wind; whisper; get sick; thin out crops; starlings arrive; withstand the onslaught; cut down a tree; repay; anticipate danger; sweeten tea; furnish with furniture; clarify the schedule; paint the walls; write a book.

Selective dictations

I. Write down the words with prefixes, highlight them.

Think; band; Hurricane; be surprised; to know; log; succeed; daring; pig; trust; kindness; home; negotiate; inconsistency; Job; painting; joy; wallpaper; describe; luxurious; pleasure; notify; reduce; treat; captivate.

II. Write down words with a prefix By-.

Briefcase; chin; boletus; wander; ceiling; talk; explain; poem; field; appear; higher; mail; drifting snow; shake.

III. Write down words with a prefix is-.

Search; story; distort; interpret; fighter; dry up; Iceland; get scared; spark; true.

IV. Write down words with a prefix With-.

Sour cream; funny; falls silent; get dark; blow off; fairy; swipe; burn; brave; sweetness; starling; argue; ask; draft.

V. Write down words with a prefix sub-.

Sole; duvet cover; milk; road; windowsill; boletus

VI. Distribute words into groups:

	Without prefix	With attachments

Demand; get closer; station; stand; flare up; blow off; erase; exclaim; sob; replenish; carol; burn.

	Without prefix	With attachments

High; intervene; abstain; contribute; to plead; near; around; wave; involve; platoon; delicious; in the distance; sigh; take a nap.

VII. Write down the verbs with prefixes.

The long-awaited day has arrived. The guys went into the forest. We approached the river and crossed by boat to the other side.
Here is the forest. Dense spruce trees and young birch trees grow at the edge of the forest. The sun's rays illuminate the treetops. A woodpecker is busy on a pine tree. There are a lot of May beetles on the birch tree. They eat young sticky leaves. The messengers of spring came in a line from the south. Green grass has already appeared under the trees.

VIII. Write down verbs with prefixes in two columns: 1) inflectable; 2) unchangeable.

I came to you with greetings,
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter;
Tell me that the forest has woken up,
All woke up, every branch,
Every bird was startled
And spring is full of thirst...
(A. Fet)

Warning dictations

I. Select prefixes in words. Find an adjective whose structure matches the diagram: .

We walked through two copses, rounded a clover field and entered a pine forest. Cool silence and darkness swallowed us. Only ahead were slanting pillars of sunlight shining.
We fell silent. It was scary to break this silence, this magnificent peace.

(By E. Shimu)

II. Highlight prefixes in verbs. Find an adjective whose structure matches the diagram: .

The kids suddenly screamed at once and ran. They saw something ahead. I also quickened my pace. It became clear behind the dark trunks and turned white. The pine forest suddenly ended, as if it had been cut off. And a lake opened up ahead.

(By E. Shimu)

III. Name verbs that indicate intensification of action. Select the prefixes in them.

The snow has melted. Water accumulated in the lowlands and flowed in streams along the slopes, shaking the yellow panicles of last year's grass, carrying away wood chips.

(By E. Shimu)

IV. Indicate the morphological features common to all verbs of the sentence. Which morpheme indicates this? Determine the meaning of prefixes in the first four verbs.

A strong wind began to roar overhead, the trees began to storm, large drops of rain began to knock, splash on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out.

Lettersh AndWith at the end of the consoles

Vocabulary dictations

I. Dusk is gathering; disappear without a trace in the darkness; snowless winter; laugh out loud; school building; squeezed his hand; did the right thing; local climate; knocked down the fire; beautiful painting; sign in the journal; countless questions; gloomy dawn.

II. Starless night; kiss grandma; blossomed under the window; consider the landscape; incoherent story; heartless person; ask your father; investigate to the end; calculate accurately; accurate calculation; indisputable answer.

Selective dictation

Distribute the words in two columns: 1) h at the end of the attachment; 2) With at the end of the attachment. Underline the first letter of the root in the words.

Scatter; flinch; crush; bend; priceless; silent; dropped; stories; ruthless; burned; stupid; to question; aimless; saw; tweeted; blow off; from afar; silent; to plow; move; useless.

Warning dictation

1) Scientists made many amazing discoveries on ancient Egyptian soil. 2) Excavations revealed the remains of stonework. 3) The scientist expected to find the remains of the pyramid. 4) It was difficult to unravel the mystery of the pyramid. 5) The limestone rock was cleared of sand and holes were cut into it. 6) From small holes above, light fell onto the marble floor of the temple. 7) The inscriptions of the pyramids praised the pharaohs. 8) Here you can see scenes of the life of ordinary people. 9) Stories about the life of the Egyptians have been preserved to this day on the stone pages of the walls. 10) The heavy trunks of the columns were thrown to the ground. 11) The building was destroyed. 12) For construction it was necessary to make accurate calculations. 13) Scientists have discovered countless marble fragments. 14) During an earthquake, the statue moved from its place and its upper part collapsed to the ground. 15) The work did not stop.

(From book A. Neihardt, I. Shishova “Seven Wonders of the World”)

Lettersa - o in the roots
-lag- - -lozh-, -rast - - - rasch - - - grew-

Vocabulary dictations

I. Graphically explain the choice of vowel in roots with alternation a - o.

1) State the content; well stated; know the signs of adjectives; write a statement; addend numbers; settle down for the night; have free time.
2) Luxurious plants; the hum increases; thickets of bushes; young sprout; overgrown with grass; flowers grew; green algae; bone fusion; city ​​of Rostov.
3) The assumptions did not come true; drops of dew; the path is overgrown; vegetable oil; assign responsibilities; change position; compose poetry; plant petals; the acorns have sprouted; save plants; the clearing is overgrown; grow hair; lay a ski track; apply a suture; offer help.

II. Underline words with an alternating vowel in the root.

Plant; grows up; bungler; dissolve; luxurious; melt; solution; increased; irrigated

III. Underline those phrases that contain words with an alternating vowel in the root.

Simple sentence; overgrown with grass; mountain vegetation; wither without water; shake the air; to have hopes; flutter in the wind; sit by the fire.

Selective dictations

Distribute the words in two columns, explaining graphically the choice of vowel a - o fundamentally.

1) Offer; settle down; to expound; presentation; term; position; offer; assign; attach.
2) Vegetation; have grown; grew up; seaweed; grow up; grown; overgrow; sprout; overgrown; germinate; shoot; grow; growing; industry.
3) Addition; shift; stated; position; grow; age; assume; location; grow; increased; extension; overgrown; Rostislav.

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) Fog lay over the fields. (A. Pushkin) 2) Because of the winds, mountain trees often grow one-sided. 3) Flowers grew right next to the bushes. 4) The thickets of reeds darkened like a dense wall. 5) The puppy managed to grow into an intelligent dog. 6) They haven’t gone to bed yet in the house. 7) The ducks chilled in the thickets and quacked all night. (K. Paustovsky) 8) I reached the fir thicket and settled down in a tiny clearing. (V. Burlak) 9) The snow flakes grew and turned into huge white chickens. (G. Andersen) 10) Only a few plants grow in the dense shade of the spruce forest. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov) 11) There were cabinets with books along the walls. 12) We expected to leave in the morning. 13) Dense bushes grew along the slopes of the ravine. 14) Briefly outline the contents of the paragraph. 15) The house was located on the edge of the village. 16) The song grew and spread. (I. Turgenev) 17) The waves threw a lot of algae ashore. 18) A mighty tree grows from a linden seed.

II. Write out words from the text whose structure corresponds to the diagrams:

- adjective,
- verb,
- noun.

Dusk was approaching, but we continued to wander through the forest. It seemed that the forest clearings were filled with thick darkness. She crawled from somewhere out of the ground, lay down at our feet, on the plants. The birds gradually fell silent. Soon it became difficult to distinguish the outlines of the branches. The trace of the familiar path began to disappear, but the rays of the sun were still visible through the dense thickets of bushes.

(By K. Paustovsky)

III. We drove through picturesque places. Suddenly the mountains seemed to move apart. The sun took advantage of this and brightly illuminated the gorge, which stretched to the very horizon. At this point a bridge spanned the gorge. On the right side of the bridge, the continuous murmur of a stream could be heard, which suddenly disappeared into the thickets of bushes. On the left side the mountains were covered with dense vegetation. We planned to stop here.

IV. Find (using one example) words whose structure corresponds to the following diagrams:

- noun, - verb,
- adjective.

Is the morphemic composition of the words the same? pink And white? Prove. Find synonyms for words I was sad, amazing.

One of the seven wonders of the world

By order of the king of Babylon, hanging gardens were erected in honor of his wife. This is an amazing building. The gardens were located on a wide four-tiered tower. The tiers rose in ledges and were lined with pink and white slabs.
The queen longed for the coolness and shade of the mountain forests among which she grew up in her homeland. By order of the king, her favorite plants were brought to Babylon. They reminded the queen of her homeland. Luxurious flowers and magnificent palm trees grew in the gardens. The aroma of gardens, shade and coolness in treeless Babylon seemed like a miracle to people.

(From book A. Neihardt, I. Shishova “Seven Wonders of the World”)

Letterse - o after sizzling at the root.

Lettersand - s afterts

Vocabulary dictations

I. Clicked in the thickets of bushes; ripe gooseberries; get out of the thicket; stale bread; black pencil; heavy backpack; thin perch; uneven seam; clear drawing; narrow gutter; yellow sand; loud whisper; tight shorts.

II. Delicious chocolate; wooden ratchet; remote slum; mysterious rustling; a skilled driver; wide highway; severe burn; burned my hand.

III. Chicken fluff; city ​​streets; yellow acacia; pale-faced boy; distant station; black currant; curly gypsy; brown acorn; gypsy song; clock dial; warm tsigeyka; new brush; Schooling; clear step; soft fur; new situation; quote from the book; fox trace; short bangs; long compass; good diction; sister's scarf; interesting tradition.

Selective dictations

Write down the words in two columns And And s after c. Indicate the conditions for choosing a spelling.

I. Circus, compass, shell, cygeyka, figure, zinc, citrus, demonstration, acacia, station, discipline, medicine, cylinder, collection, rehearsal, circus performer, circus, circular, cyclops, operation, gypsy, chicks, tut, chicken, chicken, gypsy, products, police, expedition, editorial, alarm, reproduction, specialty, illustration; fathers, cucumbers, streets, well done, fighters, daredevils, girls, beauties, students, dancing, sisters, stairs, capitals, caterpillars, martens, birds, tits, sheep, scissors, mittens, tongs, ends, pale-faced, chubby, sisters, Lisitsyn, Ptitsyn, Kunitsyn, Pshenitsyn, on tiptoe, Tsaritsyno, diction, starlings, dark-skinned, knitting needles, grace, police, windows, fingers, villages, craftsmen, mills.

II. Circus miracle

There were many attractions in the circus show. All the birds: starlings, tits, and even clumsy hens - were well done and incredibly smart. They stood on tiptoe, cheerfully pecked cucumbers and flew from knitting needle to knitting needle. The largest chicken sat on the shell of a huge turtle. Then she started pecking at citrus fruits.
The starlings, these tireless fighters, pushed each other as if a real revolution was taking place in the circus arena.
Suddenly, completely unexpectedly, an amazingly handsome gypsy in a top hat appeared with a chicken in his hands. Following the gypsy on tiptoe was his charming assistant. The little yellow chicken received thunderous applause from the audience when he correctly squeaked into the microphone as many times as the numbers shown to him indicated.
At the end of the performance, the gypsy, to everyone's amazement, took flowers from a small cylinder: daffodils, nasturtiums - and presented them to the audience to stormy applause.

(From the newspaper "Russian language")

Explanatory, warning dictation

1) A rustle behind him made him look back. 2) The hedgehog came out with a shoe brush and started cleaning. (N. Kozlovsky) 3) The sleepy birch trees smiled and disheveled their silk braids. (S. Yesenin) 4) The wind whispers something to the birch trees. 5) Frost bites your nose and cheeks. 6) A heavy truck is crawling along the highway. 7) A light wind rustled grains of snow across the ice. (A. Kazantsev) 8) Just the thought of this thicket fills me with fear. 9) Suddenly, without a rustle or sound, a shadow flashed across the ice. (A. Kazantsev) 10) A round flowerbed with fuzzy yellow flowers looks like a basket with chickens. 11) Nightingales and starlings are already singing in the cozy foliage. 12) The chicks soon grew up, and one day the cheerful family flew away to the wide river shallows. (N. Sladkov) 13) Bees are buzzing over the yellow golden puffs of a flowering willow. And in the bushes on the river bank the first nightingale began to click and sing loudly. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov) 14) The round-faced sunflower in the window starts a conversation with me. ( Yu. Mogutin) 15) Evil martens are running through the trees, chasing squirrels. 16) Birds fly over wide rivers and blue lakes. 17) The circus was born in Ancient Rome. 18) The Christmas tree began to grow, and the birch tree covered it from the burns of the sun and frost. (M. Prishvin)

Schematic dictations

I. Without writing down the words, make their structural diagrams.

1) Hillocks; mushroom picker; she-wolf; giggle; straw.
2) Lesnaya; silver; rain; goose; swampy
3) It will light up; I'll fly; run across; threw; will creak.
4) Mosquito; tail; will crack; spreading; save it.

II. Without writing down texts, choose by drawing up structural diagrams,

(O. Konstantinova)

III. Write the words in columns according to their structure:

1) ; 2) ; 3) .
They rustle, clarify, lay, to the right, clean, offer, thin out, connect, left, grows, alley, I look, tremble.

IV. "Make a word."
1) Compose words according to these patterns, indicate whether these words belong to parts of speech.

2) Compose three words with these morphemes. Identify the parts of speech of the written words.

3) Make up word combinations based on these patterns.

4) Compose a word by taking the indicated morphemes from different words.

Control dictations

As an adult, I watched the sun rise many times. I met him in the forest, when before dawn the wind passes over the tops of the heads, when the black tops of the trees are clearly visible against the sky. There is dew on the grass. A spider's web stretched out in the forest sparkles with many sparkles. It smells like resin on a dewy morning. You try to make a path through the thicket of the forest to the river.
I saw the sun rise over my native fields, over the dense thickets of bushes near the river. The transparent mirror of the water reflects the pale stars, the thin crescent of the month. The sun rises to the singing of countless birds and the whisper of reeds. The cool dew in the meadows shines like diamonds. You sit on the shore and wait for the birth of a new day. (100 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

In the Pamir mountains

We are in the Pamirs. Rocky ridges rise above the pinkish clouds. There are villages in the valleys where gardens grow and people sow barley and wheat.
Along the banks of the rivers there are ruins of ancient fortresses. Now their walls and loopholes are overgrown with dense vegetation. Black jackdaws make nests in deep cracks, and snakes nest in the crevices of rocks. One of them sparkled in the sun and disappeared among the stones.
We approach the foot and settle down here to rest. With pleasure we inhale the aroma of flowering plants. Suddenly we notice drawings on the rocks. This artist many centuries ago painted animals, people, and wrote numbers. Rock art tells about the ancient Pamirs. We looked at these amazing drawings for a long time. (102 words)

Protect the forests!

Our forests often die from ruthless treatment. People unknowingly throw a match, and large areas of the forest die from its fire. A lot of forests are being cut down. It's easy to cut down a tree, but it takes decades to grow it. 1
A forester monitors the planting of young trees. He identifies places that were damaged by fire, outlines where it is necessary to clear the forest of windfall, allocates areas for loggers to work, and participates in the fight against forest pests. Caterpillars sometimes eat growing shoots and eat leaves. Hares and mice gnaw the roots of young trees. But the forest also has friends - birds. 2 They are excellent assistants to foresters.
Take care of the forest, guys! This is our wealth. (98 words)

MORPHOLOGY. SPELLING

NOUN

Selective dictations

(A. Dementyev)

II. Arrange the nouns in three columns according to declensions.

Steppe; demonstration; bed; bed; deer; game; brochure; Gypsy; compass; terrain; bad weather; whisper; feeling; Ray; reed; station; clock face; jury; the seam; offer; poplar; police; decoration; chocolate; building.

III. Distribute the words into two columns: 1) is written b; 2) not written b at the end of nouns after sibilants. Indicate the declension of nouns.

Dry; bream; borsch; rye; shiver; floor; brick; match; a lot of clouds; no tasks; few puddles; wasteland; from gears; after meetings; from groves; because of the clouds; hoop; game; speech; scenery; ivy; ladle; daughter; silence; reed; wilderness; from pastures.

IV. Distribute the words into two columns: 1) is written O; 2) is written e at the end of nouns after sibilants.

Beam; roll; landscape; comrade; puddles; clouds; noodles; wheat; circus performer; ball; shoulder; by land; lilies of the valley; cooler.

Vocabulary dictations

I. Swim in an ice hole; grow by the river; visit the circus; near the acacia; apples on an apple tree; on the dial; walk along the path to the river; on a lilac branch; be at an anniversary, in a building, at a lecture in a planetarium, on an expedition, in Africa, in a valley; trees covered in frost; about an amazing incident; in soft needles; turn off the alley; take care of health; about the Russian landscape; position vertically.

II. Grades in history, geography, mathematics, botany, geometry; think about Russia, about the homeland; in this territory; participate in a demonstration or competition; return from an expedition; acacia leaves; talk about a work; grow in a greenhouse.

III. Place on a square, on a station, on a line, on a line; head to the grove, to the pier, to the river; on a trip to Australia, Africa; visit India, Spain, America, northern Siberia, Yakutia; wrote in a notebook, in a notebook; grows by the road; was treated in hospital; served in the army; was at a meeting in the building.

IV. We parted in the square; walked from the platform to the square; lay in bed, in bed; hanging on a spruce, on a fir tree, on a poplar, on a birch, on a thread, on a thread; sat on the bed, on the crib; rode a horse, on a horse; be heard in silence, in silence; dedicate to Mary, Marya; Natalia, Natalia; Dasha, Daria; Ksenia, Ksyusha.

V. On the road, to the hut, in Germany, in history, at school, in Astrakhan, in Yaroslavl; apple blossoms; on a bird cherry tree, in a bathhouse, in a printing house, in a village, in a village; near the road, from the lily; in the army, to the edge of the forest, in a play, in the theater, in the area, in the azure; addressed to Maria Andreevna, in the sanatorium, along the alley, along the shallows, in the building, from straw, in the frost, on the stairs, about the discovery, in the content, in antiquity, in the decision, from village to village, in Europe, in Asia, in America ; stood in thought, on the seaside, in conscience, in danger, in radiance, in wisdom, from the top, to the road, near the tent.

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) At the end of the street you can see an old house under an iron roof. (E. Shim) 2) The horse remained at the mill and patiently carried clay, manure, and poles. (K. Paustovsky) 3) The rye was just beginning to ear. 4) The nut blossoms, but its earrings do not glow with yellow pollen. (M. Prishvin) 5) The birds will catch a twig in flight, and yellow smoke will fly from the twig. (M. Prishvin) 6) On the outskirts of the village there is an old oak tree. 7) There are no rich mushroom places near our village. (E. Shim) 8) The trees are all covered in frost. 9) The bear is sleeping soundly in the den. 10) A fox ran along the edge of the forest, and a wood mouse squeaked thinly. 11) Birds set off from distant Africa. 12) Squirrel tracks stretch in the snow from spruce to spruce. 13) Fragrant strawberries are ripening in the clearing. 14) Thin threads of silvery web are stretched from birch to birch. 15) Lush clusters of flowers turn white on the bird cherry tree. 16) We walked to the village along our path. 17) The light was on in the building. 18) We visited the gallery twice. 19) Father had a good rest in the sanatorium. 20) At a lecture at the planetarium, we learned a lot of interesting things about the movement of planets in the sky, about a lunar eclipse. 21) A wide highway was built from the station to the village. 22) Birds recognize danger by this cry. 23) Resinous buds swelled on the birch tree. 24) The nightingale usually sits on a low bird cherry branch. 25) Swallows winter in distant Africa. 26) The acacia branches are covered with chicken down.

II. 1) When I approached, the dog howled and shook with small tremors. 2) We approached the pier in the evening. 3) In Kamchatka, potatoes grow best where there is volcanic ash. 4) There are twenty geysers in the valley. 5) I met these people during an expedition to the volcano. 6) Until late at night in the editorial office we listened to a story about an amazing journey on a motorcycle from Magadan to Moscow. 7) Young people are dancing at the pier. 8) He lived in Germany, Italy, Africa, Australia. 9) A letter arrived from Ryazan. 10) Then Tobolsk became the main city of Siberia. 11) Tobolsk raised the chemist Mendeleev for Russia. 12) The storyteller Ershov was taught by Mendeleev’s father at the gymnasium. 13) The museum contains many interesting things. 14) Every day, visiting people gather in the square. 15) There are many ancient wooden buildings in Karelia.

(By V. Peskov)

Control dictations

My mother and I decided to relax in the summer in the village with my grandfather. He lives in the Bryansk region.
From the station to the village you need to go through a grove. It smells of mushrooms and fragrant strawberries.
It's good to wander around the grove! The wind moves the leaves of the trees. A ray of sun breaks through the thick foliage and illuminates the forest. A silvery web stretched from branch to branch. The spider uses it to catch insects: mosquitoes, midges, flies.
Light clouds float above the treetops in the blue sky. In an open clearing, the heads of ripe strawberries are hidden in the dense greenery, and raspberries turn red in the thickets of bushes.
We follow the path to the edge, leave the forest and go straight to the village. (97 words)

This summer my friend and I spent with my grandmother in the village. The village is located far from the station, on the bank of a narrow but deep river.
In the mornings we ran to the river to swim. You take a running start and dive from the shore straight into the water. Circles spread out in all directions and splashes fly. The ducks swim away into the reeds in fright. Here they are waiting for us to stop splashing and fiddling in the water.
If there are no clouds in the sky, we lie down on the sand and bask in the sun with pleasure. After swimming we climb into the dense raspberry thickets. They grow at the very edge of the water.
In the fall we will tell the guys about our carefree vacation. (96 words)

Ants are amazing insects. Did you guys know that they even have their own “dairy cattle”? This is an aphid. She secretes sweet juice, and the ants pick it up right from her abdomen.
If the aphids become too prolific, the ants place them on a new branch or on another plant. They will also take care of protection that will protect the aphids from enemies: ticks, ladybugs. In caring for the nurse, ants even build “cowsheds” 3 . They can be seen on many plants: on plantain, on pine and spruce, in thickets of bushes. If someone destroys the “cowsheds,” the ants do not flee, but rush to the aid of the aphids. They pick them up and run away with them. (100 words)

(By I. Akimushkina)

In the west of Libya 4 The desert in Egypt has amazing mountains. They seem to grow out of the sand and amaze with their size and severity of outline. These mountains of stone are the tombs of the kings of Egypt. It’s hard to imagine that people put them together with their own hands.
The largest tomb is the Pyramid of Cheops 4 . It took more than twenty years to build.
Excavations speak of the unheard-of value of the treasures that were hidden in the royal graves. They were kept in a special room. The Egyptians believed that they accompanied the king in his afterlife.
False galleries and passages were built in the pyramid so that robbers could not find treasures. A person could wander around the gallery for hours, but never reach the hall where the sarcophagus was located 4 lords. But even in ancient times, almost all the pyramids were plundered. (108 words)

(From book A. Neihardt, I. Shishova “Seven Wonders of the World”)

ADJECTIVE

Vocabulary dictations

I. With good advice; hot sand; in a dense forest; from a good friend; in clear air; on a gloomy sky; on a steep bank; about fresh wind; early morning; in the evening air; about the mighty oak; behind the mighty oak tree; fizzy drink; on the creaking snow; fragrant lily of the valley; a prickly hedgehog.

II. To my best friend; with a good song; winter cold; on a summer night; on a long hike; into the blue distance; through the autumn forest; about thorny bushes; in the fresh air; fresh hay; on the hot sand; in the winter night; quiet evening.

III. The hut is good; gas is volatile; lily of the valley is fragrant; hot pepper; fizzy drink; the snow is creaky; the oak is mighty; the baby is handsome; the act is defiant; the wind is fresh; the beam is hot.

Selective dictation

Write down the adjectives in two columns: 1) is written O; 2) is written e in endings after sibilants.

1) We stopped at a small lake. 2) It smelled of fresh greenery and rotten leaves. 3) Golden beetles were circling above the scarlet flowers of the fragrant rosehip. (A. Tolstoy) 4) The boy climbed up the shaky, creaky stairs to the attic. (Yu. Nagibin) 5) The sky was surrounded by flying lightning. (F. Tyutchev) 6) The fence was painted with fresh paint.

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) Soft light spreads over the village. This happens before the summer rains. 2) The morning air is damp and cool. 3) The wind blew from the left bank and barely raised light ripples. 4) The town is located on the shore of a warm sea. 5) In the silence, the rustling sounds of the old house began to be heard. 6) A deep path winds through the spruce forest, and stunted pines grow along its edges.

(By E. Shimu)

II. 1) A school was built in a neighboring village. 2) She stretched out her hands to him, and the sparrow in flight threw a small crystal bouquet into her palms. (K. Paustovsky) 3) On that stormy autumn day, a bear attacked a shepherd. 4) Cool transparent dew in the meadows shines like a diamond scattering. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov) 5) In the morning he drove the sheep into a narrow valley.

III. Good, clean Russian snowy winters! Deep snowdrifts sparkle in the sun. Quiet and bright winter nights. Showering the snow with moonlight, the moon shines. Fields and treetops twinkle in the moonlight. Dark clearings in the forest. The winter night frost is strong...

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

IV. The days came cloudy, but quiet, without wind, real days of late autumn...
Nature is waiting for soft flakes of snow to cover the entire earth and dress the bare, frozen forest in a fluffy coat.

(G. Skrebitsky)

V. Suddenly an owl flew out from the next room. What a wonderful bird it was: it looked all soft and fluffy, like a lump of gray cotton wool. And the eyes are huge, like two yellow flowers. The owl flew across the room silently, only a slight vibration from his soft owl wings was felt in the air.

(By G. Skrebitsky)

VI. It is all dark, almost black, the head is small, the beak is sharp and short, and the paws are huge, green, and the fingers are long, like those of a heron.
This is a marsh hen - a warbler.

(G. Skrebitsky)

Control dictations

On a moonlit night it is light in a birch forest. The light of the moon is reflected on the snowdrifts, and the forest looks like a huge hall with white columns. The silence of a clear winter night is full of secrets.
A bear is dozing in a den, but he is sensitively listening to the life of the winter forest. Snowflakes rustle barely audibly on the bark of old aspens, slide along the slender peaks, and cling to the pine needles.
The night is coming. Complete silence. And suddenly the snow crust crunched and the dry wood crackled. The bear ruffled its feathers, pricked up its ears, and flashed its eyes. Yes, these are moose! The couch potato calmed down, put his head on his front paws, and closed his eyes.
The bad weather will clear up, snow will fall in flakes, and the wind will howl in the peaks. The bear will be lulled to sleep by the lullaby of the blizzard. He is sweetly dozing in his den.
March is the last month of hibernation for the forest owner. (108 words)

(By D. Zuev)

In April, the last snow melts in the fields, cheerful streams ring through the ravines, and rivers break the winter ice. The earth awakening from its winter sleep smells like spring. Resinous, fragrant buds are inflated from the trees in the forest.
The white-nosed rooks have already arrived. Starlings bask in the sun. With songs, vocal larks rise into the blue heavenly distance.
A special hour is coming in Russian nature. Invisible blue gates will open up to the sky, and schools of migratory birds will appear. From the warm south to the cold seas their cheerful voices will be heard.
Forest sounds are also varied. A transparent drop fell from a slender birch tree, and a thin, crystal ringing was heard. The hunter’s sensitive ear can already sense the whisper of the awakened earth. (101 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Real spring comes from mid-March. The roofs are leaking and long icicles are hanging down. Sparrows chirp joyfully under the rays of the bright sun. On forest paths, prickly snow falls under your feet.
Gardens are already blooming in the south. An army of migratory birds is preparing to travel. From distant Africa they set off on a long journey. The first close guests are rooks. In old parks, they build their nests on tall trees and fill the surrounding area with noise and din. Soon the first larks will appear on the spring thawed patches.
The sun is getting hotter every day. Spring streams run under the snow. April will come soon. April is the noisiest month of spring water, the awakening of the earth, the rapid movement of juices. (98 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

VERB

Not with verbs

Vocabulary dictation

You don't feel tired; was not at the lecture; the hurricane raged; my father was unwell; did not participate in the competition; you won't reach the station; you won’t see it in a museum; disliked her stepdaughter; hate lies.

Spelling-tsya And-tsya in verbs

Selective dictation

Write in two columns according to the example:

1) Water flows down, but a person strives upward. 2) To be considered brave is to not be afraid of anyone. 3) To become lazy means to lose bread. 4) It’s easy to be called a man, but it’s more difficult to be a man. 5) If you don’t work, the bread won’t be born. 6) To come together - to become a river, to disperse apart - to become streams. 7) In an intelligent conversation, you gain intelligence, in a stupid conversation, you lose yourself. 8) It's easy to make friends - hard to separate.

(Proverbs)

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) Suddenly a bird’s cry is heard in the silence. 2) It began to get dark. 3) You could go fishing. 4) Everything falls out of hand. 5) Will the ants be able to penetrate the hive? (V. Arsenyev) 6) Haze descends from the mountains and falls on the forest, on the river. 7) Forest mice are fiddling around under the snow. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov) 8) The snow sparkles and sparkles in the sun. 9) Only daredevils are not afraid to go after a bear alone. (V. Arsenyev) 10) This cry made people shake themselves again. (V. Arsenyev)

II. 1) The stars are reflected in the transparent mirror of water. 2) Wood grouse feed on hard pine needles all winter. 3) The sun is rising higher and higher. 4) In winter, burbots hunt dozing fish. 5) Residents of big cities rarely admire the sunrise. 6) Everything around suddenly changes. 7) A new day is born. 8) The heart is filled with joy. 9) In nature, everything awakens. 10) The ringing larks soar from the fields into the sky. 11) My friends, I highly advise you to admire the sunrise. You will feel your heart fill with fresh joy.

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

III. It's getting dark. A shadow sweeps across the snow. She moves towards the pine tree. This is an owl. Hunters know how she hunts hares. It will perch on branches or on a stump and wait for prey.

(By D. Zuev)

IV. The shiny ribbon of the road bends on rocky slopes, which are overgrown with cedar and gray sea buckthorn. It rolls into valleys and winds along river banks.

(E. Shim)

V. At dusk, a red animal sneaks along the forest edge. This gossip goes hunting. So she ran across the aspen tree, attacked the fresh tracks of a hare and rushes after him. And the scythe makes circles, confuses the trail and rushes towards the thicket. Here is salvation.

(By D. Zuev)

Writingb afterh in an indefinite form

Vocabulary dictation

Guard the house; help a friend; bake pies; burn dry wood; get there; light a fire; protect yourself from fire; save time.

Letterse - i in the roots with alternation

Selective dictations

Write down the words in two columns: 1) is written e; 2) is written And fundamentally.

I. Gather; shine; gather; take away; freeze; freeze; spread out; spread out; burn out; brilliant; incendiary; erase; shine; wipe; wipe; choose; cover; froze; froze; die; die; rub; to shine; washed; I tear out; pick up; wipe; collecting; subtract; subtract; lock up; lock; tidy up; voters; combine; combination; brilliant; will flash; will tidy up; lean.
II. I'll sort it out; freeze; tears; rub out; I will collect; elect; will pick up; rub; lock; wade; get; spread out; shine; sparkled; spread out; going to; cover; grind; grind; to shine; resist; froze; I will tear it apart; brilliant.

Vocabulary dictations

I. Spread across the meadow; freeze with fear; choose a road; shine in the sun; a beam flashed; excerpt; choose a route; lay a tablecloth; make your way through the thickets; unlock the door.

II. Pack your backpack; choose a delegation; to pack; shine with cleanliness; wiped his feet; select magazines; elect a deputy; you die of boredom; shine silver; to find fault with little things; you lock it with a key; spread out with a carpet; you climb a tree.

Warning, explanatory dictations

I. 1) A useful activity is collecting books. 2) Long-term wanderings in the taiga taught me to understand tracks. (V. Arsenyev) 3) The fogs spread like tablecloths across the meadows. 4) The squirrel looks around helplessly, and the blackbirds scatter in different directions. 5) The pines froze under the deep sky. 6) Under the snow coat, the earth is gaining strength. 7) The pre-dawn wind freezes in the tops of the trees.

II. A blue sky appeared ahead. It spread wider and wider over our heads. And now the fields opened up, and the Vorya River flashed behind the nearby hill.

(By E. Shimu)

Verb endings
present and future tense

Vocabulary dictations

I. You breathe; breathe; you will see; cut; do you hear; you jump; warming up; listening; sow; melting; repent; you smell; decide; building; wear; you lay; glue; inject; chop; dozing; you praise.

II. He (she, it) rinses; soars; listens; chasing; will miss; will blow; will stick up; fights; cherishes; answers; enters; will refuel; will correct; shaves; treats; chases; depends; will start; flight.

III. We are building; drive; fight; we decide; see; let's repent; smell; depend; melt; glue; creep; straighten; they grumble; endure; will endure; breathe; spread; blow; manage; you are traveling; manage; praise; straighten out; build; lay down; dancing; look; breathe; treat; dozing; scatter; dozing; crying; bark; bubbling; hesitate; fly; tremble; sting; mean; glue; driven; see; we see; sawing; hesitate.

IV. We are building a house; glue toys; it blows cold; kick the ball; the wind is driving; you don’t hear any rustling; don't listen to radio broadcasts; you will meet your father; you meet guests; the snow doesn't melt; stabbing in the side; pest control; the flag flies; we are driving through the field; streams mutter; you won’t find it in the grass; rumbles in the sky; you will see from the steep; make the bed; you breathe in the aroma; looking for a dog; won't watch the movie; will rush out of the house.

V. We take it out of the forest; ask your father; seal the envelope; fluttering in the wind; struggles with sleep; plows in the field; mumbles in his sleep; you endure pain; don’t moan in pain; mow the grass; wasps sting; look at the sky; the sun obscures; depends on bad weather; let's go on a hike; sow rye; we hate lies; the waves splash; the stream foams; the dog doesn't bark.

VI. Enjoying the beauty of the mountains; enjoys tennis; approaching the station; unite in groups; worry in vain; sense danger; searches and finds in the thickets; We are located on the alley; hovering on a building; asking for help; we head to the edge; you will find yourself in a greenhouse; you will go down by parachute; visit Greece, Turkey; participates in a demonstration; lie in bed; you will find it in the sentence; we will see the sunrise; position yourself along the road; make a guess; count on a friend.

Explanatory dictation

1) Thin reeds sway over the water. 2) It smells like oak leaves and flowers. 3) Delicate fragrant flowers are hidden in the thick grass. 4) If you put a large bouquet of violets on the table, you will certainly wake up at midnight. 5) On a winter day you go out into the forest on skis, breathe and not get inhaled. 6) Winter snow is melting. 7) Hungry wolves howl in the swamps. 8) Light waves splash quietly. 9) The spring voices of birds are heard over the whole earth. 10) A purple bell sways in the wind. 11) It smells like the damp dampness of old leaves, the wet bark of aspen trees. 12) Under the tall spruce trees you see white oxalis flowers. 13) In winter, burbots spawn. 14) The green branch sways for a long time. 15) Sometimes sounds and voices are heard in the night forest. 16) Real spring comes in mid-March. 17) Crystal ringing is heard. 18) Wild ducks rest and feed on rivers and lakes. 19) An attentive hunter will hear various sounds and voices in the forest in the spring.

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Spelling past tense verbs

Vocabulary dictations

I. Icicles melted; sensed danger; the rains fell; hoped for luck; the winds blew; cherished a dream; the dogs barked; completely desperate; banners fluttered; sincerely repented.

II. Heard the news; saw a gypsy; built the station building; melted in the sun; pumped out the water; offended the baby; sealed the book; traveled to Moscow; filled the vessel; stung a puppy; hated lies; started a fuss; cleaned the beak; dispelled the clouds; depended on the schedule.

III. Hears - heard; sees - saw; endures - endured; hates - hated; glues - glued; melts - melted; smells - smelled; builds - built; sows - sowed; hopes - hoped; depends - depended; blows - blows; barks - barked; check - checked.

Control dictations

The sky is still frowning, but a ray of sun breaks through the gaps in the clouds like a sparkling sword. Spring is picking up speed. The distances are becoming clearer. The fields are still turning white with winter color, and the pine forests are already turning green in islands.
Winter and spring meet in the forest. In the darkness of the spruce forest, the aspen trees glisten silver. From their gnarled branches, twisting blue shadows appear on the March snow. Round holes melted around the trees and stumps. Alder catkins turn red against a green background of pine needles. Talkative redpolls scurry about in its branches. The pipe sighs of the bullfinches are heard.
The snow line retreats to the north, and at its heels the birds return to their homeland. Soon the murmuring song of the lark and the hubbub of the rooks will announce the arrival of spring.
Farewell winter! Hello Spring! (105 words)

(By D. Zuev)

Spiraea

Meadowsweet is a subshrub with large carved leaves. You cross a stream or ravine in the forest and immediately see its thickets. They sometimes reach the height of human height.
Meadowsweet chooses the quietest and most comfortable corners of the forest. The wind rustles the tops of the pines, babbles the leaves of the aspens, and in the ravines, 5 where does it grow 5 there is silence.
You wander through the hot forest and descend into a shady ravine. There are many bushes here: hazel, viburnum, bird cherry. Tenacious hops wrap around the trunks and form an impenetrable green web. The bottom of the ravine is densely covered with meadowsweet and nettles. Smells like wet earth. A small stream makes its way along the ravine and flows through the washed roots. Drink cold water. Green twilight stands in dense thickets. Such secluded corners are loved by forest birds: nightingales and warblers. (108 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Evening quickly comes in the deep forest. Dark shadows lie under the trees. Old pines rise motionless, thick spruce trees turn black. The forest smells of resin, pine needles, and fallen leaves.
The evening sun has disappeared behind the distant trees, but the birds in the forest are not yet sleeping. You hear the hasty knock of a woodpecker. Nimble titmice hover around the woodpecker, picking up bugs and worms. A dark, impenetrable night will soon fall in the forest. Only at midnight will the daytime birds fall silent and fall asleep.
A dull, soundless night covers the earth. But then a mouse rustled underfoot. And again it’s quiet.
The fire crackles, and shaggy spruce branches sway over the fire. And by the fire, on a resinous bed, a hunter snores carefree. (99 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

The sun rises and the entire surrounding area is illuminated with a joyful light. It's time to hit the road. We collect our backpacks and choose a route using the map. We should reach the station by evening.
The path winds like a narrow ribbon. Young birch trees grow on its sides. From a distance we see a huge oak tree, which has spread its mighty branches wide. We approach it and settle down in its shade to rest. Grasshoppers chirp and birds sing. The wind quietly sways the oak leaves and induces sleep. Sleeps sweetly to the whisper of leaves.
But we didn’t have time to enjoy our vacation when we heard thunder. They are getting closer and closer. It is dangerous to be under tall trees during a thunderstorm. We need to quickly get to the nearest village and hide there from the rain. (108 words)

Nature was generous and gave us warm days. But autumn has already settled in the forest. The trees have shed their luxurious attire, and the forest has noticeably thinned out.
Countless leaves cover the ground. They are of different colors: yellow, orange, red. The sun will dry them, and the wind will drive them along forest paths. Only their rustle disturbs the peace of the forest kingdom.
But the forest is scary in bad weather. Under the pressure of the wind, the trees groan pitifully and bend to the ground. They no longer fight him. The rain hits the leaves and they look like miserable rags. Under the pressure of autumn rains and the first cold weather, all plants give up: flowers, herbs, bushes. Only the clusters of rowan trees turn red, and the rose hips hang like shiny Christmas balls. (102 words)

The hare lived near the village in winter. When night came, he raised one ear, listened, moved his whiskers, sniffed, and sat down in the deep snow on his hind legs. Then he jumped and looked around.
The snow lay in waves and glistened. There was frosty steam above the head of the oblique one, and bright stars could be seen through it. The hare played with his friend, dug snow with him, ate winter food and moved on.
It got lighter in the east. There were fewer stars, and the frosty steam rose above the ground even thicker.
The hare ran across the road, went to his old hole, dug up the snow, made a new hole, lay down in it, laid his ears on his back and fell asleep. (94 words)

(By L. Tolstoy)

Final control dictations

October. The colors of the falling leaves play, and the autumn forest shines through. The birds fell silent. Only the rustle and rustle of heaps of leaves underfoot emphasize the silence of the forest.
The wind is the constant janitor of the forest. He scattered colorful leaves across the clearings and covered the paths of the thickets with noisy carpets. A golden leaf broke away from the branch and flew to the ground. He spins for a long time, as if he wants to perch on a mushroom cap. There was stagnant rainwater in it. A squirrel drinks greedily from a mushroom hole. All summer the busy girl collected supplies for the winter: nuts, acorns, mushrooms.
Mosquitoes and flies no longer get caught in the web, but only leaves hang on it. A red blizzard is blowing. (95 words)

(Based on the book D. Zueva “Seasons”)

Oak is an amazing tree. It blooms later than other trees. The forest is green, one oak is turning black. But it does not shed its leaves in the fall longer than any other tree.
When frost sets in, the leaves on the oak tree curl into tubes. Sometimes they last all winter.
Lightning will strike it, and green leaves will still bloom on it in the spring.
In the oak grove, wild boars feed on acorns at night, an owl lives in the hollow, and a bat hibernates.
Sometimes you see young oak trees growing far from the forest. The wind could not carry heavy acorns there. It was the jay who picked them up in the fall and forgot about them, but they sprouted. (94 words)

(By G. Snegirev)

Transport is a great invention. He helps us in life. Train drivers and bus drivers do everything to make us feel comfortable in the carriage and on the bus. And we?
Evening. The cold wind drives the drifting snow. There is a kindergarten next to the stop. There are women with children standing at the bus stop. A bus pulls up and people get off. The middle of the bus brightens and we see empty seats. Women pick up the babies and rush to the doors. In vain they try to squeeze into the car, because schoolchildren are standing at the doors of the bus. They have tightly packed the front and back areas and are not allowing entry. Mothers see the bus off with sad eyes, and the kids cry pitifully.
Who is guilty? (100 words)

(By B. Busheleva)

A few years ago, a beautiful building went up in the center of the capital. There is an interesting clock on its façade. Every hour, black doors open on the dial, and behind them appear heroes of folk tales.
You enter the theater expecting to meet an amazing world. In the theater museum you will get acquainted with dolls from different countries. In the winter garden you will see a tree with wonderful birds. Fish are splashing in the pond.
“It’s so beautiful here!” - the guys say.
On the floor above there is an auditorium with colorful chairs: red, blue, yellow, green. This was done so that the guys would not confuse the places.
The bell rings and spectators gather in the hall. The doors close silently. The whispers die down and the performance begins. (99 words)

Russian forest is good at all times of the year: winter, summer, autumn and spring.
On a quiet winter day you go out into the forest on skis, breathe and not get inhaled. White snowdrifts spread under the trees, and above the forest paths, young birch trees bend in lacy arches under the weight of frost.
The forest is good in early and late spring, when vibrant life awakens in it. Snow is melting. The voices of birds are heard more and more in the forest. Thawed patches appear in forest clearings, and snowdrops grow like a carpet. On the hummocks you see strong lingonberry leaves.
You will hear a lot in the spring forest. At the top of a tall spruce a thrush sings. Hazel grouse squeak subtly, cranes play in the swamp. Bees buzz above the yellow willow puffs. (101 words)

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

The main objectives of teaching the Russian language are to give schoolchildren deep knowledge, instill in them strong skills and abilities, and develop their creative abilities. The integrated solution of these problems is facilitated by the work of the teacher, and in particular, by the work of consolidating knowledge, skills and abilities, using tests and examinations of various types and exercises. In this way, the main task of the modern school is solved - the transition from an educated person to a cultural person.

The selection of materials for dictation texts is one of the serious problems in the methodology of teaching the Russian language. Teachers are forced to spend quite a lot of time finding the necessary material for their lessons, since many previously published texts are either morally outdated or do not look entirely correct in modern conditions.

When selecting texts, the compiler relied on the following principles:

– cultural principle: the collection includes texts focused on the national culture of the people and introducing students to the treasury of culture through the medium of language;

– the principle of taking into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren who like to work with both serious texts and joke texts; carry out tasks that require intellectual effort and a creative approach with interest;

– the principle of stylistic and genre diversity: the collection contains texts of various genres and styles;

– the principle of a variety of types of dictations, which stimulates interest in learning, student interest in the lesson, less fatigue and greater activity when completing tasks.

When preparing the collection, the compiler solved the following problems:

1) select examples illustrating the main theoretical topics of the course in the study of Russian language and literature;

2) in accordance with the programs, reflect on examples the main difficult cases of spelling;

3) update the content of the collection, avoiding, if possible, repetition of previously used texts;

When compiling this collection, texts from works of Russian fiction were used - classical (19th century) and modern (20th century).

The collection consists of three sections:

1. Section I. “Grades 5–7. Spelling. Vocabulary. Word formation. Morphology" - contains texts aimed at testing knowledge of spelling rules, word formation rules, vocabulary and morphology.

2. Section II. “Grades 8–11. Syntax and Punctuation" - includes dictation texts selected on the most important topics of syntax and punctuation.

3. Section III. “Complex dictations” - contains the most difficult texts in terms of spelling and punctuation, which are of a generalizing nature. The texts were selected taking into account the presence of orthograms and punctograms in them according to many rules.

Some dictations have a touch of entertainment and encourage independent work with dictionaries and reference guides.

The collection of dictations is intended for those who teach the Russian language at all levels (at school, college, lyceum, university), for everyone who is interested in the originality of the Russian language and is concerned about its fate; the selected texts serve to consolidate spelling skills, check the degree of their formation and assimilation.

The collection can be used by teachers in the classroom, for independent work, at all levels of studying the Russian language - in high school, college, lyceum, students of preparatory departments of universities, etc.

Section I 5–7 grades
Spelling. Vocabulary. Word formation. Morphology

1
Bunnies

Snowshoe hares live in warm climates; They give birth to two to five hares four to five times a year. In March, the hare gives birth to “nastovichki” (at this time there is still snow covered with a hard crust - nast).

There are different opinions about the parental care of the hare. Some scientists believe that the hare is a good mother, she stays close to the children, does not let them go far from her, teaches them, and in case of danger, pretends to be sick or injured and takes the predator away from the rabbits.

There is another opinion: the hare leaves the newborns somewhere under a bush or in the grass and runs away. The bunnies are still provided with food: their mother fed them, and each bunny has a supply of very fatty milk in its stomach. After some time, the mother will return and feed the bunnies again, or another hare will feed them, running past.

The rabbits are born fully developed, mature, sighted, they grow well and after a few days begin to feed on their own.

2
Badgers

In the spring, before leaving the hole, the badger listens and sniffs for a long time - is there any danger? But, having left the hole, he soon forgets about caution - he makes noise, sniffles and stomps.

Soon the measured life of the badger is disrupted by the appearance of badger cubs. There are from two to six. They weigh fifteen grams, and each is a little more than ten centimeters long. The babies are demanding and capricious: the mother cannot leave the hole for three or four days. Then he leaves her, but very briefly.

On clear days, the badger daily carries the blind badger cubs (their eyes open only five weeks after birth) into the sun. At about two months of age, the badger cubs themselves come out of the hole and soon begin to make small excursions with their mother. Gradually, the walks become longer and longer, and at the end of summer, young badgers go as far from the hole as adults.

Badgers are very useful animals. They destroy large numbers of slugs, caterpillars, larvae, harmful insects, and mouse-like rodents.

Badger hunting is prohibited. But, unfortunately, many of them die at the hands of poachers. And there are fewer and fewer badgers.

3

Morning found us near the sea. The fact that a force nine storm was raging at night was only reminiscent of floating algae thrown onto the coastal crystalline rocks. There are so many of them that it seems as if the ocean deliberately laid this green carpet here. Near the ground, fine cold frost still shimmers damply, but above the sky is already crystal clear. Suddenly the first rays of the sun splashed, and millions of diamonds sparkled everywhere: on the juniper bushes, in the thickets of reeds growing near the nearest river, and on an abandoned mother-of-pearl shell that burst into flames. It seems that no human has ever set foot here, but there is a fresh trace of a three-ton truck driving along the sandy shore, and there is someone’s dilapidated boardwalk. However, look: is this not the footprint of a bear cub?

We need to hurry, and so we, having quickly refreshed ourselves with pork stew and chocolate, hit the road. Our shoes were not dry and, contrary to assurances, they got very wet. Everything is shining after the recent rain: blue chicory flowers, and some bushes with red berries. My friend climbs into the thicket after them, despite the fact that the bushes prick and sting. Look: the chicks are opening their beaks wide. How low the nests are! There is probably no one here to ruin them.

So we continue to move forward, collecting this unexpected tribute from nature. But since our rearguard is stretched too thin, the head of the expedition gives the order to catch up. And we continue to walk, forgetting about all the sorrows and shortcomings of our expedition.

There is no need to downplay the difficulty of such hikes, but I also don’t want to downplay the pleasure they bring. We walk through the forest, sprinkled with myriads of drops that hang even on the needleless branches of old fir trees. No matter how heavy our backpacks were, we all later recalled our trip with pleasure.

4
Northern guests

With the onset of cold weather, expect northern guests - bullfinches, tap dancers, and waxwings. Last year, waxwings showed up late, in January, during which time the rowan berries managed to freeze several times, become icy and thaw again. Many were already turning black. But they still didn’t arrive: there were plenty of rowan trees on their way to us. And they stayed in our area for a long time, until all the rowan trees were gone.

And last year they came in November. The handsome men flew and flew along our snow-covered streets, looked at the bare rowan trees - empty: the rowan tree was not born. And not only in our area. Otherwise they wouldn’t have showed up so early.

I saw waxwings on the street in the morning, and in the evening, during a snowstorm, I accidentally scared them away into the field. They took shelter on the leeward side of a pile of oat straw that had fallen from someone’s sled. And the next day there was no trace of them, they flew away further.

But the tap dancers remain. Birch trees scatter between the pine groves. And below, right down to the stream, all along the slope there is only snow and dry bushes of wormwood, tansy, and chicory. The wind is scorchingly prickly. I wanted to move this place quickly. And then suddenly a large flock of tap dancers, about two hundred, no less, descends not far away. Apparently, they just got off the road, they didn’t even have time to break up into flocks. I stopped and watched what would happen next. And they will either sit on one side, or flutter up easily to land on the other. And how small they are: even smaller than warblers and robins. And also sensitive. As soon as I rustle a piece of notebook, turning it over, they rise. And soon they again descend on the chicory bushes, either in bulk or in clusters all over the slope, even if you go and collect them. Otherwise, tiny northern sparrows will sit on the birch trees nearby, decorate them and cry fussily and loudly: che-chet, che-chet. But you can’t sit too long on the frost-covered branches, and they fly up and sit on the blades of grass again, leaving dry husks on the snow. Only dark red spots on the crown and crimson breasts of males flash. I look at them and wonder where they came from: from the cold tundra, from Novaya Zemlya or from the White Sea? Who knows, they don't say. But one thing is clear: their path is long, because their permanent residence is northern open forests, tundra, and the coast of the Arctic Ocean.

And they have forgotten their long journey, you know, they flutter through the chicory bushes and gossip loudly. When they flew away, I asked what they were feeding on. I picked three chicory bushes and rubbed the spikelets on my palm. Almost all of them were empty, I only found two skinny yellow seeds.

The winter will seem difficult for them. How far is it until the days of March, when, before flying to their native lands, they will merrily swing on long birch braids, refreshed by young buds.

And now it’s very difficult for tap dancers. Because they are hungry, it is easy to deceive them, lure them into a cage to catch them, and then sell them. But they did not fly such a distance to us to become slaves. Let's not forget about this, let's take pity on these tiny northern beauties.

5

There was fog over the ground. The high voltage wires that lined the highway reflected the glare of car headlights.

There was no rain, but the ground became wet at dawn and, when the prohibitory traffic light flashed, a reddish blurry spot appeared on the wet asphalt. The breath of the camp could be felt many kilometers away; wires, highways and railways stretched towards it, ever condensing. It was a space filled with straight lines, a space of rectangles and parallelograms that cut through the earth, the autumn sky, and fog.

Distant sirens howled long and softly.

The highway pressed against the railway, and a column of cars loaded with paper bags of cement walked for some time almost at the same speed as an endlessly long freight train. The drivers in military greatcoats did not look back at the carriages passing nearby, at the pale spots of human faces.

The camp fence emerged from the fog - rows of wire stretched between reinforced concrete pillars. The barracks stretched to form wide, straight streets. Their monotony expressed the inhumanity of the huge camp.

In the large million Russian village huts there are not and cannot be two indistinguishably similar. All living things are unique. The identity of two people, two rosehip bushes is unthinkable... Life rumbles where violence seeks to erase its originality and characteristics.

The attentive and careless eye of the gray-haired driver followed the flickering of concrete pillars, high masts with rotating spotlights, concrete towers, where a guard with a machine gun could be seen in the glass lantern. The driver blinked at the assistant, and the locomotive gave a warning signal. There was a glimpse of an electrically lit booth, a line of cars at a lowered striped barrier, and the bullish red eye of a traffic light.

(According to V. Grossman)

6
Rowan Valley

The rowan valley was lost in the copses. They say that a long time ago, here in this valley, a wretched wanderer was killed by lightning. And Bogdanov’s shepherd took and planted two rowan trees in that place as a souvenir. And now there are so many of them, you can’t count them: the whole valley is in them, on both slopes. The rowan trees are not alike, and neither are the berries: sometimes they are pink, sometimes scarlet, sometimes dark red.

I like to come here in August, when the mountain ash is full, its berries gradually turn red and hang down in heavy clusters. In September you will admire the carved leaves, crimson and red from the scarlet dawns and rowan fire. And in October, when there are bare trees all around, this valley pleases the eye for a long time. From a distance, it seems that the scarlet brushes are hanging not on thin branches, but right in the air.

This valley is good in winter, even better on a white field. That’s why its slopes are so elegant and festive that they dazzle the eyes with red and white, rowan and snow. And you won’t understand what’s more here. The dol at the end makes a semicircle, and rowans make a semicircle. So it seems that this snowy valley was decorated by a generous wizard with a ruby ​​necklace. And this necklace will either be covered with snow, or again remain naked, chilled, tapping frozen berries in the wind.

When wet snow falls, it covers the rowan tassels on top. The snow hardens, turns stale, so that it doesn’t fall in the wind, but sways along with the tassels: for sure, small inverted parachutes get caught on the branches. If there is a thaw, the grapes cry, washing themselves with tears. In cold weather, they will become icy and covered with a thin icy skin. I pick it off and put small red ice cubes in my mouth. They melt into delicious, cool berries. No bitterness: the first frost took it away.

They are also beautiful in a fringe of frost: each berry is in a tiny silver crown. And one day I saw a miracle: dry snow fell in the morning, its crystals sprinkled all the rowan bushes, and they sparkled with magic lights in the sun.

The rowan valley was lost in the copses. But the waxwings found him anyway. They arrived on Saturday and spent the whole Sunday amusing themselves here noisily, fussily, joyfully. Even magpies came here from the gardens and sat on the sidelines, envying someone else’s feast. And there were so many waxwings that when they rose, the whole sky was filled with these beautiful northern birds, which were called beauties in Rus'.

The rowan valley has waited its time. It was not in vain that he kept his beauty and wealth.

7

At the end of April, in the still bare, seedy forest, on elevated warm places, sleep grass breaks through the hard leathery litter. On the tender, pubescent stems, as if not yet strong from their first birth, large blue-violet flowers sleep droopingly. At this time, the plant still does not have a single leaf: just a stem and a flower on it. The dream-grass hibernated under the snow, under fallen tree leaves with a ready-made bud, so that, while there was not a single blade of grass around, it would be the first to break through to the sun, quickly unfurl the bud and soak up, doze in the gentle spring rays. There is nothing like this bright, festive blue in the entire yet untidy, brown and withered forest, and that is why you will be so joyfully amazed when, from afar, many steps away, you see this wonder of spring.

You can't pick a flower. He himself is tremulously tender, untouchable, and even under the invigorating April sun he is not able to lift his drowsily lowered head. If you pick it, it will immediately droop limply and fall asleep forever... That’s why it’s called so: dream-grass.

But still, numerous visitors to the spring forest are tearing up! They tear it up and soon throw it away. The plant is abandoned because of this gentle untouchability, and therefore because of its uselessness and uselessness. It happens that on Sunday all the forest paths leading to the train are strewn with wilted and trampled flowers.

(According to E. Nosov)

8
Hazel Dormouse

My friend and I were cleaning the birdhouses in our garden from old litter that starlings had dragged into their nests. And suddenly a red mouse jumped out of one of them.

She wanted to hide in the thick grass, but we caught her. They took a good look and found that it was not a mouse, but a dormouse. We understood that this was a nursing mother and, therefore, her babies were there in the birdhouse. And so it turned out. There were six of them small, naked, blind.

We decided to move the whole family home. And so that the animals could feel the smell of their home, they also took old bedding from the birdhouse. Everyone was placed in a terrarium. Mother Dormouse at first buried herself in the dry grass, but soon came out, found her babies and began to lick them and make them more comfortable. We gave Sonya apple pieces and crackers. In the morning we discovered that the apple had been eaten, but the crackers had not been touched.

After two weeks, the little dormouse began to leave the nest. They sniffed everything around and settled in. And soon they began to take food directly from their hands.

9

No matter how much they feared the drought, it still came. The sky was extremely hot, and the piercing rays of the sun fell from it almost vertically, and a smoke-breathing breeze was already beginning to blow in the air. The oats, which had not yet risen half an arshin from the ground, had already faded. The millet fields, barely swayed by the hot breath of the wind infused on withered field grasses, tirelessly shone with their dull pale green tassels. The fallow fields, which were almost completely free of grass this year, sadly diversified the picture. The sandy land, which, apparently, had once been particularly spoiled by rain, was finally suffocating from the heat.

Here and there the herds that came our way further intensified the melancholy ugliness of the fields. And only once did we notice a shepherd near them, slowly walking behind the flock and dragging his stick with visible effort. He looked at us blankly and explained confusingly where we should go to get to the mill. Despite the early hour, the village through which we passed was striking in its desertion. Only here and there an old woman was sitting on a rubble and children were milling around, almost not interested in us. Even the dogs barked somehow reluctantly and as if out of habit. But in the distance we saw a small house with plastered walls. This was nothing more than a mill, where we expected to stop for the night. The tiled and reed roofs of the buildings peek cheerfully out of the bright green foliage, the mossy wheel hung with oily drops rotates tirelessly, the millstones knock furiously in the barn, and a small river splashes with a muffled whisper, running somewhere deep into the steppes. Have we imagined all this?

10
My pet

One spring I brought home caviar that I found in a puddle and placed it in a jar of water. After just a few days, the eggs changed noticeably - an embryo was rapidly developing in each one. The conditions for hatching larvae were favorable, and I witnessed this sacrament. The dark creatures looked like fish fry. At first they hardly moved, sitting on the seaweed.

The calm, however, was deceptive - a little later, stormy life began to boil in the vessels.

Around the fifth or sixth week after hatching, the tadpoles began to grow their hind legs. The anterior ones developed imperceptibly, under the gills. At the last larval stage of development, the tadpoles seemed to stretch out their small front legs. Their tails gradually shortened, and they pushed off more and more often with their hind legs. At this time, they began to look like baby frogs, or rather, like toads, as it later turned out.

About sixty days have passed since hatching. I placed them in the pool of the aquaterrarium, where the newts lived, and waited for the moment when my “babies” came to land. And he waited - the creatures climbed out onto the wet sandy bank. They moved in small leaps, not forgetting to visit their native element - water.

My pets refused the food offered for a very long time. Two of them died of starvation, although there were many moving worms around. I was already despairing when the last survivor suddenly began to pay attention to the pipe maker, and then eat it. Soon my pet began to grab pieces of meat from the tweezers. He began to grow noticeably, which made me very happy. I was worried, fearing that newts would swallow him: my pet was so small. However, he soon became very nimble and even took food from his neighbors.

After a few months, the toad was already grabbing everything indiscriminately, be it a worm or a newt. It has become dangerous for the inhabitants of the aquaterrarium. I had to equip him with a separate room. By this time, it had already become quite large and beautiful - on the gray-light green background of the back there were dark green spots of various sizes, bordered by black stripes. The abdomen is lighter - light green spots on a gray-white background. And what magnificent emerald eyes! Of course, this is a green toad.

SYNTAX AND PUNCTUATION.
Dash between subject and predicate in a simple sentence
Warning, explanatory dictations
I. 1) September is the time of boletus, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps and white mushrooms. 2) Cranberry is the last berry of September. 3) September is departure time. 4) In nature, September is the evening of the year. 5) Astra is the queen of daisies. 6) October is the month when birds say goodbye to their native nests. 7) Moscow is the northern border of the distribution of oak trees. 8) Spinning fishing is an interesting and exciting sport hunt. 9) The finch is a protector of gardens, parks, forests, steppe oak forests, a tireless singer.
(According to D. Zuev)
II. 1) Magpie is the most talkative bird in the world. 2) The owl is a resident of the polar countries. 3) Lynx is a ferocious forest cat. 4) A horse is a herbivore animal. 5) The end of winter is the hungriest time in the forest. 6) Some people think that a mole is a rodent.
(According to V. Bianchi)
III. 1) Frogs are cold-blooded animals. (S. Obraztsov) 2) Nettle is one of the most curious plants. (V. Soloukhin) 3) The first sign of a tsunami is the retreat of the ocean from the shore. (V. Burlak) 4) Courage is the sister of victory. (Proverb) 5) Diligence is the mother of luck. (Proverb) 6) Our squirrel is a craftswoman. (L. Kulikov) 7) The ancient homeland of the blue bird is India. 8) Travel is a difficult business. (N. Sladkov) 9) Birds are protectors of the harvest. 10) The tit is a favorite of bird catchers. 11) Minks are predatory and voracious animals.

Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members.
Schematic dictations
I. 1) White fluffy snow swirls in the air and quietly falls to the ground and lies down. (I. Surikov) 2) The sun has warmed up during the day and is descending behind the curly forest. (I. Nikitin) 3) So the sun rises, it shines from behind the arable fields, it has left its overnight rest beyond the seas. (I. Nikitin) 4) The night is already falling, the lights are cutting across the sky. (I. Nikitin) 5) Fedor Fedorovich fired at the magpie, but missed. (E. Charushin)
II. 1) I saw a flock of rafts in the water near the shore and threw a small pebble at them. (K. Paustovsky) 2) Every day the sun rose earlier in the morning and disappeared more and more reluctantly in the evenings. (V. Bianchi) 3) Fallen leaves cover the ground and rustle loudly with every touch. (F. Zalten)4) The robin chirped clearly, cheerfully, loudly. (D. Zuev) 5) The autumn wind rises in the forests and moves noisily through the thickets. (I. Bunin)
III. 1) After the summer separation, jackdaws and crows fly into the city and occupy winter apartments: eaves, attics, roofs. 2) Hordes of birds gather in flocks and circle over the fields: rooks, starlings, seagulls, swallows. 3) Other birds are flying towards us from the north: goldfinches, jays, crossbills. 4) The tit eats harmful insects: beetles, leaf beetles, leaf rollers. 5) In cold weather, the squirrel feeds on autumn supplies: nuts, acorns, mushrooms, pine cones.
(According to D. Zuev)

Download the e-book for free in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Collection of dictations in the Russian language, grades 5-9, Bogdanova G. A., 2010 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Tests and tests in the Russian language, grade 9, To the textbook of M.M. Razumovskaya et al. “Russian language”, Kulaeva L.M., 2010

The following textbooks and books:

• Russian language, practice, grade 8, textbook for educational institutions, Pichugov Yu.S., Eremeeva A.P., Kupalova A.Yu., 2012