Physics teacher: Shchepilina T.I.
establish a relationship between two macroscopic parameters of a gas while keeping the third constant.
- Updating knowledge.
- Explanation of new material.
- Consolidation.
- Homework.
Isoprocess -
a process in which one of the macroscopic parameters of the state of a given mass of gas remains constant.
V, p, T
Izos – (equal)
Isobaric
ISOPROCESSES
Isochoric
Isothermal
- Definition and conditions for the implementation of the process.
- Equation and formulation of the law.
- Historical reference.
- An experimental study of the fairness of the law.
- Graphic representation of the process.
- Limits of applicability of the law .
Isothermal process -
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING THE STATE OF THE SYSTEM OF MACROSCOPIC BODIES (THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM) AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE (FROM THE GREEK WORD “THERMOS” - WARM, HOT).
Boyle-Mariotte law
T - const
The law was experimentally obtained in:
1662 R. Boylem;
1676 E. Marriott.
Robert Boyle
Edma Marriott
Boyle-Mariotte law
pV=const at T=const
For a gas of a given mass at a constant temperature, the product of the gas pressure and its volume is constant.
Boyle-Mariotte law
Isotherm -
graph of changes in macroscopic gas parameters during an isothermal process.
Solve the problem
The air under the pump piston has a pressure of 10 5 Pa and a volume of 260 cm 3. At what pressure will this air occupy a volume of 130 cm 3 if its temperature does not change?
1) 0.5·10 5 Pa; 3) 2·10 4 Pa; 5) 3·10 5 Pa;
2) 5·10 4 Pa; 4) 2·10 5 Pa; 6) 3.9 10 5 Pa
Isobaric process -
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING THE STATE OF THE THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM AT CONSTANT PRESSURE (FROM THE GREEK WORD “BAROS” – WEIGHT).
Gay-Lussac's Law
p - const
Law experimentally
received in 1802
Gay Lussac
Joseph Louis
Gay-Lussac's Law
V/T=const at р=const
For a gas of a given mass at constant pressure, the ratio of volume to temperature is constant.
Gay-Lussac's Law
Isobar -
graph of changes in macroscopic gas parameters during an isobaric process.
Solve the problem
The gas occupies a volume of 2 m 3 at a temperature of 273 0 C. What will its volume be at a temperature of 546 0 C and the same pressure?
1) 3.5m 3; 3) 2.5m 3; 5) 3m 3;
2) 1m 3; 4) 4m 3; 6) 1.5m 3
Isochoric process -
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING THE STATE OF THE THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM AT CONSTANT VOLUME (FROM THE GREEK WORD “CHOREMA” - CAPACITY).
Charles's Law
V - const
Law experimentally
received in 1787
Charles Jacques Alexandre Cesar
Charles's Law
P /Т=const at V=const
For a gas of a given mass, the ratio of pressure to temperature is constant if the volume does not change.
Charles's Law
Isochora -
graph of changes in macroscopic gas parameters during an isochoric process.
Solve the problem
The gas is in the cylinder at a temperature of 288 K and a pressure of 1.8 MPa. At what temperature will the gas pressure become 1.55 MPa? The volume of the cylinder is considered unchanged.
1) 100K; 3) 248K; 5) 456K;
2) 284K; 4) 123K; 6) 789K
Task No. 1
Which of the macroscopic parameters remains constant when...
II-option
I-option
ISOTHERMAL
ISOBARIC
PROCESS?
PROCESS?
A) T; B) p; B) V; D) m
Determine your knowledge and test your skills
Task No. 2
Which formula describes the law...
I-option
II-option
GAY LUSSAKA?
BOYLA MARIOTTA?
A) ; B) ; IN) ; G)
Determine your knowledge and test your skills
Task No. 3
Which scientists own the law describing...
II-option
I-option
ISOBARIC
ISOTHERMAL
A) Mendeleev, Clapeyron; B) Charles; B) Boyle, Marriott; D) Gay-Lussac
Determine your knowledge and test your skills
Task No. 4
Which graph matches...
I-option
II-option
ISOCHORIC
ISOTHERMAL
PROCESS?
PROCESS?
Determine your knowledge and test your skills
Task No. 5
Which of the figures A, B, C, D shows the process corresponding to this graph?
II-option
I-option
Check your answers
Job No.
1 option
Option 2
Evaluate your results
Number of correct answers
Homework:
§69, No. 522, No. 524
Presentation background design:
- Picture 1: http://labbox.ru/webasyst_setup/index.php?productID=1561
- Figure 2: http://900igr.net/datai/fizika/Zakony-gazov/0007-002-Gazovye-zakony.png
- Figure 3: http://900igr.net/datai/fizika/Zakony-gazov/0008-003-Gazovye-zakony.png
- Figure 4: http://900igr.net/fotografii/fizika/Zakony-gazov/004-Gazovye-zakony.html
- Drawing “Test yourself”: http://schoolsector.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/klass_2.gif
- Drawing "Answers": http://uchim-vmeste.ru/novosti/nachalo/prover-svoi-znaniya.html
- Drawing "Evaluation": http://sch9.org/-roditelyam/neuspevaemost.html
Illustrations in the presentation:
- Isoprocess graphs: http://fizika.ayp.ru/3/3_3.html
- R. Boyle: http://www.physchem.chimfak.rsu.ru/Source/History/Persones/Boyle.html
- E. Marriott: http://mysopromat.ru/uchebnye_kursy/istoriya_soprotivleniya_materialov/biografii/mariott_edme/
- Isobar, isotherm, isochore: 1C: School. Physics, 7-11 grades. Library of visual aids.
- Gay-Lussac: File: Gay-Lussac_Joseph_Louis.jpg
- J. Charles: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File: Jacques_Charles_-_Julien_Léopold_Boilly.jpg
- Emoticons: Think http://forumsmile.ru/pic20677.html
Well done http://forumsmile.ru/pic20672.html
Do not rush http://forumsmile.ru/pic20695.html
Homework http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/arduvan/post129184144/
The best way to learn something is to discover it yourself. D. Polya Function y = k / x. Her schedule. Properties. Lesson plan: 1. Each student constructs a graph of a function using a computer program (independent work) 2. Discussion of graphs (front work) 3. Properties of graphs (work in small groups) 4. Consolidation of what has been learned (individual test on the computer) The results of all stages will be be entered into the final table
Table of results Full name Plotting a graph (2 b) Function properties (5 b) Test (5 b) Bonus Total back
Y = k / x, k>0 Properties of the function: 1. Domain of definition of the function x (-;0) (0;+) 2. y >0 for x>0; y 0 Properties of the function: 1. Domain of definition of the function x (-;0) (0;+) 2. y >0 for x>0; y 0 Properties of the function: 1. Domain of definition of the function x (-;0) (0;+) 2. y >0 for x>0; y 0 Properties of the function: 1. Domain of definition of the function x (-;0) (0;+) 2. y >0 for x>0; y 0 Properties of the function: 1. Domain of definition of the function x (-;0) (0;+) 2. y >0 for x>0; y 
y = k / x, k 0 for x 0 3. Increasing function 5. The function has a discontinuity point x = 0 6. The range of the function y (-;0) (0;+) 4. y - does not exist y - does not exist largest smallest
Homework Notes, §18, a) b)
Boyle-Marriott law. Robert Boyle's scientific work was based on the experimental method in both physics and chemistry, and developed the atomic theory. In 1660, Robert Boyle discovered the law of change in the volume of gases (in particular, air) with changes in pressure. Later, it received the name Boyle-Mariotte law: independently of Boyle, this law was formulated by the French physicist Robert Mariotte. In addition, Boyle proved that when pressure changes, even those substances with which this does not happen under normal conditions, such as ice, can evaporate. Boyle was the first to describe the expansion of bodies when heated and cooled. Boyle doubted the universal analytical ability of fire and looked for other means of analysis. His many years of research have shown that when substances are exposed to certain reagents, they can decompose into simpler compounds. Boyle invented the original air pump design. The pump managed to remove the air almost completely. He decided to call empty space vacuum, which means “empty” in Latin. Boyle did a lot of studying chemical processes - for example, those occurring during the roasting of metals, dry distillation of wood, transformations of salts, acids and alkalis. In 1654, he introduced into science the concept of analyzing the composition of bodies. One of Boyle's books was called "The Skeptical Chemist." It defined the elements as “primary and simple, completely unmixed bodies, which are not composed of each other, but represent those constituent parts from which all so-called mixed bodies are composed and into which the latter can ultimately be decomposed.” . And in 1661, Boyle formulated the concept of “primary corpuscles” as elements and “secondary corpuscles” as complex bodies. He was also the first to explain differences in the physical state of bodies. In 1660, Boyle obtained acetone by distilling potassium acetate, and in 1663 he discovered and used in research the acid-base indicator litmus in litmus lichen growing in the mountains of Scotland. In 1680, he developed a new method for obtaining phosphorus from bones, obtained orthophosphoric acid and phosphine. At Oxford, Boyle took an active part in the founding of a scientific society, which in 1662 was transformed into the Royal Society of London (in fact, this is the English Academy of Sciences). Boyle wrote many books, some of them were published after the death of the scientist. For a gas of a given mass at a constant temperature, the product of gas pressure and its volume is constant: p1V=p2V2.
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