Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich personal biography. Svyatoslav Fedorov - biography, personal life: The scientist who opened his eyes

(2000-06-02 ) (72 years old) A place of death
  • Moscow, Russia
A country Scientific field ophthalmology, eye microsurgery Place of work MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" Alma mater
  • Rostov State Medical University
Academic degree Doctor of Medical Sciences () Academic title Professor ,
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences ()
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences ()
Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences () Famous students Mikhail Egorovich Konovalov, Igor Erikovich Aznauryan, Almazbek Osmonalievich Ismankulov Awards and prizes Quotes on Wikiquote Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov at Wikimedia Commons

Biography

Father - Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov (1896 - 06/24/1971) - red commander, hero of the Civil War, started as a blacksmith at the Putilov plant, then participated in the First World War and the Civil War; in 1935 he graduated with honors from the M.V. Frunze Military Academy and at the same time was appointed commander of the 28th Cavalry Division; Knight of the Order of the Red Star (1936), member of the CPSU (b) (since 1920). N. F. Fedorov was arrested in 1938, and on June 21, 1939, by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for participation in a military conspiracy; he served his term in Kolyma. Released in 1953.

Mother - Alexandra Danilovna, by nationality - half Belarusian, half Polish.

After the father's arrest, the family moved to Novocherkassk. In October 1941, an urgent evacuation was announced, and Alexandra Danilovna and her son left for Yerevan. In 1944, Fedorov entered a special artillery school, but was soon transferred to a special Air Force school in Rostov-on-Don. I only had a chance to study for about a year. In March 1945, Fedorov was in a hurry to attend a festive evening at the school and, having unsuccessfully jumped off a tram, lost his left foot.

In 1945 he entered the Faculty of Medicine and graduated in 1952.

In 1958, at the Rostov State Medical Institute, he defended his dissertation for the academic degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences on the topic “The optic nerve nipple and the blind spot in diseases of the central nervous system.”

After defending his dissertation, he came to Cheboksary to head the clinical department of the Cheboksary branch. He became interested in the scientific problem of implanting artificial lenses.

In 1961-1967 he headed the department of eye diseases at the ASMI in Arkhangelsk. Then he was transferred to Moscow, where he headed the department of eye diseases and a problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. In the same year, Fedorov began implanting an artificial cornea.

In 1967 at the Kazan State Medical Institute named after. S. V. Kurashova defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences on the topic “Correction of unilateral aphakia with intraocular lenses.”

In the summer of 1967, at 43 km of the Leningradskoye Highway, he was involved in a car accident. After a head-on collision with a ZIL truck, one of the two companions died. In 1971, a second accident occurred - a head-on collision with a Volga, five days after which Fedorov was able to go to work.

In 1974, the laboratory was separated from the institute and became the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery (MRLEKKhG); in 1979, on its basis, the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery (MRII MG) was organized, headed by Fedorov. In 1986, the Moscow Research Institute of MG was reorganized into the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye Microsurgery”:

The rights of MNTK were unprecedented for that time. He had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign clients, independently set the number of employees and their salaries, and also engage in economic activities outside medicine (for example, agriculture). Fedorov actively led the construction of branches throughout the country - 11 of them were opened - and abroad (in Italy, Poland, Germany, Spain, Yemen, UAE). For the first time in the world, an ophthalmology clinic was equipped on the sea vessel “Peter the Great”, sailing in the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

In December 1987, he was elected corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the department of physiology.

In April 1995, he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

A chapel was built at the site of Fedorov’s death (Salomei Neris St., 14).

He was buried in the rural cemetery of the village of Rozhdestvenno, Mytishchi district, 60 km from Moscow.

Awards and titles

  • Hero of Socialist Labor (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 7, 1987, Order of Lenin and Hammer and Sickle Medal) - for great services in the development of Soviet science, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the sixtieth anniversary of his birth
  • Order of Friendship (September 15, 1997) - for his great contribution to strengthening the economy, development of the social sphere and in connection with the 850th anniversary of the founding of Moscow
  • Order of the October Revolution (June 26, 1981) - for the achievements in fulfilling the tasks of the tenth five-year plan for the development of public health and medical science
  • Order of the Red Banner of Labor (July 20, 1971) - for greater success in fulfilling the tasks of the five-year plan and increasing the efficiency of production in industry, construction and transport and high achievements in the field of science, art, medicine, consumer services
  • Order of the Badge of Honor (December 2, 1966) - for great services in the field of protecting the health of the Soviet people, the development of medical science and the medical industry
  • Large gold medal named after M.V. Lomonosov of the USSR Academy of Sciences ()
Ranks Awards

Memory

Main works

  • Fedorov S. N. Implantation of an artificial lens. - M.: Medicine, 1977. - 207 p.
  • Fedorov S. N., Yartseva N. S. A manual for students. Syndromes and symptoms with simultaneous damage to the eyes, oral cavity and dental system. - M.: MMSI im. N. A. Semashko, 1980. - 51 p.
  • Fedorov S. N., Moroz Z. I., Zuev V. K. Keratoprosthetics. - M.: Medicine, 1982. - 142 p.
  • Fedorov S. N. (recorded by E. M. Albats). Eyes to eyes. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1984. - 17 p. - (The art of being healthy).
  • Fedorov S. N., Egorova E. V. Surgical treatment of traumatic cataracts with intraocular correction. - M.: Medicine, 1985. - 328 p. - (The art of being healthy).
  • Fedorov S. N. Line of sight. - M.: “Book”, 1990. - 144 p. - (Mirror. A look at topical problems). - 30,000 copies. - ISBN 5-212-00371-9.
  • Slavin B.F., comp. Collections of articles and interviews with S. N. Fedorov and materials about him. - M.: IC "Fedorov", 1997. - 480 p.
  • Fedorov S. N., Yartseva N. S., Ismankulov A. O. Eye diseases (textbook for medical students). - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M., 2005. - 431 p. - (Educational literature for medical students). - ISBN 5-94289-017-X.
  • Fedorov S. N. Good vision at any age (Home Encyclopedia). - St. Petersburg: “Vector”, 2006. - 221 p. - (The best book about health). - ISBN 5-9684-0353-5.
  • Fedorov S. N. All about good vision. - St. Petersburg: Vector, 2010. - 221 p. - (The best methods of recovery and improvement). - ISBN 978-5-9684-1433-5.
  • Fedorov S. N. In the third millennium - without glasses (translation). - M.: From APN. - (Authoritative opinion). Published in English, German, French, Spanish and Chinese.
  • Fedorov S. N., Kishkina V. Ya., Semenov A. D. Per. in English. E. Koltsova. Fluorescein angiography of the eye and its role in ophthalmic surgery (translation). - Boca Raton (USA): World, CRC Press, 1991. - 294 p.
  • Fedorov S. N., Egorova E. V. Per. N. A. Lyubimova. Errors and complications during artificial lens implantation (translation). - M.: MNTK "MG", 1994. - 168 p.(published in Russian in 1992, 243 pp.).

Notes

  1. Emelyanova N.A. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich / Chairman Yu.S. Osipov and others. - Great Russian Encyclopedia (35 volumes). - Moscow: Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2017. - T. 33. Uland - Khvattsev. - P. 234. - 798 p. - 35,000 copies. -
9

Positive psychology 07.10.2018

We receive the lion's share of information about the world through vision. And when it gets worse, we experience a lot of inconvenience, and even real suffering. It’s good if we are lucky enough to meet a competent specialist who will help improve the situation.

Today, dear readers, I would like to tell you about the fate of such an amazing professional and very charming person who radiated the energy of light. This is ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov, a legend of Russian medicine.

He became the author of a number of unique developments that are recognized throughout the world as revolutionary in this branch of medicine. Together with like-minded people, he put his discoveries into practice, which helped restore and improve vision for thousands of Russians. These technologies still work successfully today.

The innovative doctor had to work in difficult, turning-point years for the country. His destiny is a constant overcoming of difficulties, resistance to an inert environment, and the desire to develop. He was always in a hurry, as if he had a presentiment that his life would end early. And he managed to do an incredible amount, making a real revolution in the methods of treating eye diseases and restoring vision.

As Wikipedia tells us, Svyatoslav Fedorov was a true representative of the 20th century, the personification of its best features. And the problems, troubles, and bad weather of this turbulent century also did not pass him by. But they didn’t break me, they only made me stronger and wiser. Let's get acquainted a little with the biography of Svyatoslav Fedorov.

Family and first life lessons

Svyatoslav Fedorov comes from the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, now called Khmelnitsky. His date of birth: August 8, 1927, and this alone speaks volumes. His family did not escape the main tragedy of the pre-war years; his father became a victim of political repression in the 1930s.

Svyatoslav's father made a brilliant military career, rising to the rank of general, although he was from a simple working family by origin. In the notorious year of 1938, when his son was 11 years old, Nikolai Fedorov was sentenced to 17 years for slanderous denunciation. Relatives had to live with the stigma of the family being an “enemy of the people.” They moved to Rostov-on-Don, where the future luminary of medicine continued his studies at school. He graduated with a silver medal.

Like most of his young peers, Svyatoslav dreamed of the sky, of becoming a pilot. When the war began, of course, his interests shifted towards military aviation. He didn’t just dream of the sky, but did everything to make this dream come true. In 1943, the young man entered the Yerevan Preparatory Flight School, where he studied for two years.

But... Plans to conquer the sky were dashed by completely earthly obstacles. A simple fall and injury to the left leg resulted in the amputation of the entire foot and part of the lower leg. Having received a disability, Svyatoslav Fedorov managed to overcome depressive thoughts and built an algorithm for further movement forward. For him, the stories of some of his neighbors in the ward became a difficult lesson. The guy spent several months in the hospital, and saw how others, feeling crippled, simply gave up, “deflated,” and gave up.

Svyatoslav decided that he would never allow himself to be pitied. He will become strong! And the young man begins grueling training, through pain, through “I can’t.” As a result, he became a very successful swimmer, winner of a number of respectable competitions. And then he endured many hours of operations, and the people who worked and lived next to him, most often did not suspect his injury.

The choice is made!

Looking at the photo of Svyatoslav Fedorov, many note his assertive gaze, strong-willed chin, powerful forehead of a sage and stubborn man, who more than once in his life had, as the classic said, “butt heads with oak.”

But first it was necessary to decide on the choice of profession. The young man entered the Rostov Medical Institute, which he successfully graduated in 1952. Why ophthalmology? Because it is very interesting, very difficult, and therefore promising. After university there were residency and postgraduate studies, but in addition to theory, Svyatoslav had the opportunity to prove himself in medical practice.

While still a student, he performed his first brilliant operation. The patient received a serious work injury; an iron fragment flew into his eyeball. Even for an experienced physician, such a problem is not always solvable, but student Fedorov was not at a loss and coped brilliantly with the problem. As a result, the man managed to save his sight.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov began his ophthalmological practice in the village of Veshenskaya. He considered himself lucky, because the writer Mikhail Sholokhov, who glorified these places, had long been Svyatoslav’s idol.

After the Don start, he began eye surgery in the Urals. He promptly defended his Ph.D. dissertation, but was soon fired, and even with the damning wording: “for charlatanism.” The essence of the matter is simple: an innovative doctor risked using a technique that had already been used abroad, but was not welcomed “in our Palestines.” He replaced the patient's failed lens with an artificial one. The angry medical community did not appreciate such creativity. Although the operation was absolutely successful. “Charlatan” went to continue his research to the North, to Arkhangelsk.

It is unknown whether the “troublemaker” would have managed to remain in the profession at all if he had not been supported by the famous publicist Agranovsky. In the spring of 1965, he published a voluminous material in Izvestia about a talented doctor, whose bold experiments were not only not recognized, but became the cause of persecution. You can read about this in detail in the article “Discovery of Doctor Fedorov”. And here I will give only one short excerpt from that newspaper article, which caused a lot of noise at that time.

Where does this assertiveness, willpower, and strength to achieve his goal come from? Perhaps he has not lost anything from the strengths of the old Russian intelligentsia; he has softness towards people, a desire for good, internal honesty, independence or, as Leo Tolstoy said, pride of thought. His kindness is full of strength, and he is at ease with the people, and there is no feeling of insecurity in him before the people, because he himself is the people. The grandson of a peasant, the son of a cavalryman, an intellectual.

After such all-Union publicity, ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov was able to do what he loved without much fear, and even his “dubious” experiments were given the green light.

Northern "link"

60s. The period of the “thaw”, our Russian political “Renaissance”. Fedorov moved to Arkhangelsk, where in 1961-67 he headed the department of eye diseases at the Medical Institute.

He again performs operations using an artificial lens. It is impossible to buy the material; it is very expensive, and in scarce currency. The miracle doctor is helped by northern craftsmen, turning lenses in local workshops. And this is a double success: the production of such medical “diamonds” requires truly jeweler’s precision and remarkable skill, working ingenuity.

Patients from all over the vast country come to Fedorov, he teaches his methods to his colleagues, unique operations are practically put on stream. But he feels cramped within the institute’s laboratory. We need scale, we need to move from handicrafts to working with modern scientific equipment, but Arkhangelsk does not have it and will not have it for a long time.

Fedorov decides to escape to the capital. It was a real detective story: the local authorities did not want to let go of a popular specialist who had already received worldwide recognition. Real fame came to him after speaking in 1966 at a symposium of the International Society for Implantation in London.

The party leadership of Arkhangelsk prevented his departure to Moscow; Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was accused of almost desertion, seeking “cheap glory.” The regional party committee simply forbade the institute authorities to issue work books to the assertive doctor and his associates. But he knew what he wanted, and gossip and “spikes in the wheels” could not stop him. With several of his closest assistants, he confused his tracks in order to outwit his pursuers.

They learned about the impending escape “where necessary”; the fugitives were waited at the railway station. They quickly handed over their tickets and rushed to the airport, where they purchased tickets for the next flight under other people's names. This was still possible then. Yes, regarding work records: in the capital they had to make a prosecutor’s request so that Arkhangelsk officials would return them to their owners...

Science and practice

In 1967, a sharp turn occurred in the biography of Svyatoslav Fedorov and his family. He becomes the head of the department at the Third Medical Institute, creates a laboratory within the university, where he experiments with artificial lenses and corneas of the eye. A few years later, the laboratory became an independent institution, receiving the status of a research institute, and then an STC (scientific and technical complex) of eye microsurgery.

It was a productive symbiosis of breakthrough scientific research and advanced technological innovations. Stories about many operations carried out at NTK began with the words “for the first time in the country,” or even “for the first time in the world.” I will not delve into the details of that truly titanic work here.

You can get acquainted with the details of the capital period of his activity by watching the documentary film “Svyatoslav Fedorov. See the light."

His clinic becomes truly world famous, and its director becomes a corresponding member of the Union Academy of Sciences and a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

In the 90s, it was also necessary to deal with purely economic issues, and those around him noted with surprise and respect Svyatoslav Fedorov’s entrepreneurial talent. “Eye Microsurgery” and a number of related related enterprises became successful business units, earning a lot of foreign currency, which made it possible to seriously increase staff salaries. The clinic was even able to acquire its own aircraft fleet.

Family matters

Photos of Svyatoslav Fedorov, rare video footage easily convey his incredible energy. Women felt this magnetism of a strong personality, many fell in love with the talented and charming doctor.

He married three times. He lived with his first wife Lilia for 13 years. Their daughter Irina has decided on her choice of profession since her school years: of course, it is ophthalmology! She continues her father’s work and works in his clinic.

The second marital union also culminated in the birth of a daughter. The heiress Olga works in her father’s scientific and technical complex, although she is not engaged in medical practice. She nurtures a memorial cabinet, the exhibits of which tell about the history of Eye Microsurgery and the fate of the first director of the clinic.

In the personal life of Svyatoslav Fedorov, there was a third marriage. In this union he had twin daughters, although not his own: these were the children of his last wife from a previous marriage. They are now employees of the Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Foundation for the Popularization of Surgical Techniques.

With such a busy work and personal life, Fedorov found time and energy for sports and other hobbies. Remember, at the beginning of the story I told you that in his early youth he dreamed of sitting at the helm of an airliner. Despite health problems, he made this dream come true! Became a pilot of his own plane when he was 62 years old. He also mastered the helicopter, because sometimes he had to fly to hard-to-reach regions to perform operations or consult the staff of local clinic departments.

Despite all this, he somehow incomprehensibly managed to remain a romantic and a slightly naive dreamer. Or maybe he just hoped that the maximum number of colleagues would follow his example?..

I realized that goodness needs to be done in large doses. I am sure that by the end of this century our medicine will be a fantastic industry of humanism: small hospitals will turn into powerful medical centers for early surgical prevention.

An active life position led him into politics; Fedorov was a people's deputy of the USSR and a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. He even took part in the presidential elections in 1996, although with minimal results. But I soon realized that I shouldn’t waste my time, that I needed to concentrate my energy on the main task of my life. As it turned out, this was the right choice, because at the turn of the century he had very little time.

Tragic flight and grateful memory

Premature death is always tragic. It looks especially unnatural when people, bursting with energy and full of ambitious plans, “go into a tailspin” in the prime of their lives. This is what happened with the death of Svyatoslav Fedorov. On June 2, 2000, he crashed while performing another routine helicopter flight. The car turned out to be faulty, the technical staff did not pay attention. True, there were other versions of the tragedy; many said that the incident in the air did not occur by accident. But it was not possible to prove this.

The streets of several cities and hospitals are named after him, and there are 6 monuments to the great doctor in the country. His followers study the works of the academician, published during his lifetime and posthumously. In the practice of ophthalmology and other medical specialties, about 180 different inventions of the master of ophthalmology are used.

He was awarded many medals and orders, received a number of prestigious international awards, had the title of Hero of Labor and many other regalia. Two years after his death, Fedorov was awarded the title “The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19th-20th Centuries.” This is how the merits of a gifted colleague were appreciated by the international professional community.

Dear readers, there were so many bright pages in the life of Svyatoslav Fedorov that it is impossible to even list them, it’s easy to touch on them in a review article. But I will be sincerely glad if this fate interests you and gives you food for thought and further discoveries.

He was so different: a revolutionary, a rebel, a pioneer and thinker, a hard worker, an organizer. Author of breakthrough technologies and successful businessman. A strict team leader and a gentle, caring head of the family. Always inspired, although they so often tried to “clip his wings”...

A lot has been done, there is a lot left for all of us to do. He gave people light, the opportunity to see this world, to live fully. All we have to do is be worthy of this great gift...

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, who glorified the name of Russian medicine throughout the world, is a talented surgeon, the author of many inventions in ophthalmology, including a method of implanting an artificial lens, which he called “Sputnik”, methods of treating myopia, glaucoma, astigmatism, the creator of a huge interdisciplinary scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery” was born on August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of Alexandra Danilovna and Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. The father, commander of a cavalry division, was repressed in 1938, sentenced to 17 years in the camps and released in 1954 “due to the lack of evidence of a crime.”

Parents A.D. and N.F. Fedorov. Slavochka Fedorov is 1 year old (1928)

After graduating from school, Slava entered the flight school, but was unable to complete it because... As a result of an accident, his foot was amputated.


In his youth, Fedorov had one incident that largely determined his attitude towards life and himself. While still a student, he took up swimming. The coach offered to compete for the team - they were missing one person: “You just swim to the finish line, nothing else is required of you - we just need to get the test.” When the start was given, he was the last to jump. I thought: just to swim! He raised his head and there were three people ahead. I overtook one, the other, there was one more left. “And then,” recalled Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, such anger came over me! Suddenly I wanted to overtake and win. Three hundred meters before the finish I passed the leader and, to my surprise, became the winner.

At that moment, for the first time, I understood, deeply felt, that I could do anything. I realized that if a person can overcome himself, then he can overcome any difficulties.

It was then, on the banks of the Don, that an invincible confidence in myself and in my capabilities was born in me and remained for the rest of my life. Maybe this quality is the most important thing in my character. Standing on the embankment, not yet dry, I discovered a simple but incredibly important truth: you have to work hard, as they say. Work until you sweat. Only under this condition can something be achieved in life. For me, that victory, albeit modest and insignificant, became the starting point of my whole life. So, paradoxically, no matter how blasphemous it sounds, I consider myself lucky to have lost my leg. If this had not happened, I probably would not have been able to develop such will in myself, the ability not to change my goal under any circumstances.”


In Arkhangelsk, a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences was completed and in 1967 it was defended at the Academic Council in Kazan. The scientific consultant of the work was Tikhon Ivanovich Eroshevsky - Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Eye Diseases at Kuibyshev Medical Institute.

Implantation of an IOL (artificial lens) was not recognized by leading ophthalmologists - contemporaries of S. N. Fedorov, with the exception of T. I. Eroshevsky, who constantly supported this idea as vital.

In 1965, the Izvestia newspaper published an article by journalist A. Agranovsky, “The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov.” The publication helped create a problem laboratory and attracted public attention to S. N. Fedorov’s research.

Since 1972, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich has been working on the correction of myopia - the operation “radial keratotomy” is being developed, which has allowed many millions of patients to remove glasses. To implement this, keratotomy knives with a diamond blade and dosing the depth of the incision were developed, as well as a computer program for calculating the number and depth of incisions on the cornea. In total, more than 3,000 people have improved their vision using this method.

In 1973, S. N. Fedorov developed and performed the world's first operation to treat glaucoma in the early stages. Fedorov's method of deep sclerectomy has received international recognition and has entered the world practice of treating glaucoma. The revolutionary technique was subsequently widely used in the clinic of Svyatoslav Fedorov and its branches, as well as abroad.

In 1974, the laboratory of Svyatoslav Fedorov was separated from the institute.

Dreams of a new institute.

In 1978, thanks to the scientific achievements of S. N. Fedorov, the problem laboratory was transformed into the world's first Institute of Eye Microsurgery, and in 1979 Svyatoslav Nikolaevich became its director.

He began to implement those new organizational management technologies that glorified him no less than scientific discoveries.

Among the innovations are a medical surgical conveyor (the operation is carried out by several surgeons, each doing a strictly defined part of it, and the main stage of the operation is performed by the most experienced surgeon), mobile operating rooms based on buses, and more.

S. N. Fedorov and his students and colleagues developed many other operations. Among them are such as non-penetrating deep sclerectomy, keratoprosthesis, treatment of retinal diseases. This made it possible to bring Russian ophthalmology into an advanced, rapidly developing science. In the 70s of the last century, despite the achievements of ophthalmological science, there was a progressive increase in blindness and low vision in the country. The low level of ophthalmological care in the regions of Russia and the Soviet Union explained the huge flow of patients to the capital and, in particular, to the eye clinic led by S.N. Fedorov. The small areas of first the 50th hospital, and then the 81st city hospital, could not cope with the flow of people wishing to see better.

Fedorov with his first patient. "Everything is fine!"

In 1986, on the initiative of S. N. Fedorov, the organization of the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye Microsurgery” - “country MNTKovia” - began on the basis of the institute. The rights of MNTK were unprecedented for that time. He had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign clients, independently set the number of employees and their salaries, and also engage in economic activities outside medicine (for example, agriculture). According to the plan of S. N. Fedorov

“the place of treatment for patients had to be brought closer to their place of residence”

for which he proposed to build 11 identical ophthalmological clinics in Russia, equipped with modern diagnostic and surgical equipment, staffed with highly qualified personnel who have completed advanced training courses at the Institute of Eye Microsurgery.

The wildest dreams were first embodied in plans and models of the future institute, and then on the construction sites of the main building, clinic, after-care building and Moscow module. Without exaggeration, the construction of the century began, led by Evsey Iosifovich Lifshits. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich visited the construction site every day and was happy to show it to the guests.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov and his students developed the first intraocular lens. Our Sputnik flew around not only the territory of the USSR, but the whole world. Foreign ophthalmologists accepted Sputnik unconditionally, coming to study with us.

But... domestic scientists were firmly convinced that a foreign body can only be removed from the eye, but not implanted into it. At that difficult time, commission after commission came to the institute.

And many years later, after the report of the next commission, Minister of Health Nikolai Timofeevich Trubilin said fateful words:

“I am ashamed of these walls, which witnessed our shameful past, when at the next board we almost deprived Dr. Fedorov of his medical diploma.”

Having received the long-awaited approval of the minister, the team of the Eye Microsurgery Research Institute has developed more than a dozen new IOL models.

Having retained the dream of flying throughout his life, Fedorov chose the profession of medicine. In 1952, he graduated from the Medical Institute in Rostov-on-Don, worked as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya (Rostov region), then in the city of Lysva (Perm region), after which he completed graduate school at his institute and defended his Ph.D. thesis.

In the period 1958 – 1960. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich lived in Cheboksary and worked as the head of the clinical department at a branch of the Moscow Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz. Here he created an artificial eye lens made of organic glass and, after numerous experiments on rabbits, for the first time implanted a lens into a patient with congenital cataracts, but the directorate of the institute declared his research unscientific and S. N. Fedorov was fired.

In 1961 – 1967 S. N. Fedorov worked as the head of the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute, and continued active research on the creation of an artificial lens and its implantation.

In 1967, S. N. Fedorov was transferred to Moscow, where he headed the department of eye diseases of the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute and organized a problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation.

During 1987 – 1989 clinics were built in St. Petersburg, Cheboksary, Kaluga, Krasnodar, Volgograd, Orenburg, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk and Tambov, the organization of branches was led by Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov’s associate Alexander Dmitrievich Semenov - honorary citizen of Inzhavino, MD ., professor, full member of the Laser Academy of Sciences of Russia.

S. N. Fedorov became the first general director of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK.

The unique microsurgical technologies of Svyatoslav Fedorov attracted patients from all over the world to the branches of the MNTK.

Freedom of management made it possible to equip clinics with the most advanced technology and equipment. Computers, ophthalmic lasers, unique instruments, many of which were developed by MNTK specialists in collaboration with the best scientific institutions of the country - all these resources have become available to domestic patients of the Eye Microsurgery clinic system. Svyatoslav Fedorov proved that high-quality medicine can be cost-effective and, at the same time, serve the health of millions of people. He also demonstrated that in Russia it is possible to implement scientific discoveries, achieve economic success, and honestly earn large sums of money “with your own mind.” In all post-reform years, new equipment was purchased at Eye Microsurgery, scientific work was carried out, and employee salaries were increased.

S. N. Fedorov was engaged in active social and political activities, was a member of the CPSU from 1957 to 1999, was elected as a people's deputy of the USSR and a deputy of the State Duma, and ran for the presidency in 1996. In 1995, he created the workers' self-government party. The activities of S. N. Fedorov received well-deserved recognition from the state and society: he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, as well as a number of foreign academies. He had the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and Honored Inventor of the USSR, and was a laureate of many awards in our country and abroad. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, and the October Revolution. For scientific merits he was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Gold Medal. Lomonosov and the Paleolog and Oscar awards (USA). S. N. Fedorov is the author of more than 500 scientific works, 7 monographs, 200 inventions, books and brochures on problems of self-government. More than 100 candidate and doctoral dissertations were defended under his leadership.

Tambov branch. 2000

In 2000, June 1–2, S. N. Fedorov took part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Tambov branch, gave a keynote speech at the conference, was full of plans and hopes, said:

“I’m happy because I’m among like-minded people.”

And then, obeying the call of the sky, he got into his helicopter, waved his hand goodbye from above and flew away towards immortality, flew away forever.

On August 8, eye microsurgeon Svyatoslav Federov turned 90 years old. During his life, Dr. Svyatoslav Fedorov did many good deeds. Thanks to his talent, tens of thousands of people regained their sight. And he would have done even more if the helicopter he was flying in had not suddenly lost control 16 years ago.

Biography of Svyatoslav Fedorov

Svyatoslav wanted to become a pilot since childhood. If this had happened, medicine would not have had a talented ophthalmologist. Everything was decided by an accident that closed Fedorov’s path to aviation...

Svyatoslav Fedorov was born in Ukraine in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in 1927. He belonged to a generation of guys who were literally obsessed with aviation. In those years, she experienced an unprecedented rise: the heroic flights of Chkalov, Baidukov, the rescue of the Chelyuskinites... The pilots were idols, idols, they were admired, films were made about them, songs were composed.

Svyatoslav’s father, brigade commander Nikolai Fedorov, supported his son’s aspirations. He himself was once a worker at the Putilov plant. Then, having gone through the fronts of the First World War and the Civil War, he became a professional military man. Slava admired his father, but at the end of 1938 disaster struck: the brigade commander was arrested and sentenced to 17 years in the camps as an enemy of the people. This was a heavy blow for the boy. The radio thundered with victory marches, optimistic songs, stories about the glorious victories of the Soviet people, and Slava was isolated: friendship with the son of an enemy of the people was not welcomed. Nevertheless, the boy continued to dream of heaven, like thousands of his peers.

Fatal tram

When the war began, the dreams of 14-year-old boys changed: to the front, to beat the Nazis! The boys were afraid that the war would end before they could take up arms. We managed... And to fight and lay down our heads. According to statistics, military pilots died after making only 5-7 sorties.

Svyatoslav was studying at a special Air Force school in Rostov when fate dealt him this blow. Having unsuccessfully jumped off the tram's steps, he fell and his leg got under the wheel. The teenager lost his foot. And how to live on now? There will be no flights, no feeling of conquering the sky, no beautiful shape, no admiration from girls...

Having come to terms with the fact that his dream of becoming a pilot would never come true, he submitted documents to the Rostov Medical Institute. Of course, a doctor is not a heroic profession like a pilot, there is no romance in it, but a doctor saves lives, and this is the main thing. In 1952, Fedorov graduated from the institute and went to work in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region, and then to the Urals, to Lysva, where he became a surgeon in a local hospital.

Millions of doctors, having received a diploma, are eager to help people and dream of future achievements. But most of them gradually lose their former passion: no aspirations, the same thing from year to year. Fedorov’s enthusiasm and interest in the profession only grew. Just six years after graduation, he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and in 1960, in Cheboksary, where he then worked, he performed a revolutionary operation to replace the lens of the eye with an artificial one. Similar operations were carried out in the West, but in the USSR they were considered quackery, and Fedorov was fired from his job.

Having moved to Arkhangelsk, he became the head of the department of eye diseases at the medical institute. It was here that the “Fedorov empire” began in his biography: like-minded people gathered around the irrepressible surgeon, ready for revolutionary changes in eye microsurgery. People from all over the country flocked to Arkhangelsk in the hope of regaining their lost sight - and they actually began to see.

The surgeon was assessed “officially” - together with his team he moved to Moscow. And he began to do absolutely fantastic things: correct vision using keratotomy (incisions on the cornea), transplant a donor cornea, developed a new method for operating on glaucoma, and became a pioneer of laser eye microsurgery.

The scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery”, which he led, had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign clients, independently set the number of employees and their salaries, and also engage in economic activities outside medicine. Fedorov actively led the construction of branches throughout the country and abroad.

Moreover, there was a sea vessel - the Peter the Great ophthalmological clinic, on board of which operations were carried out that brought in 14 million dollars a year. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich wrote dozens of articles, monographs, patented a huge number of inventions, received many awards, prizes, titles, and earned worldwide fame.

Personal life

Of course, such a bright man could not help but attract women, and he reciprocated their feelings.

My father was a real Don Juan. He had a damn, invincible charm that was impossible to resist. He could make any woman fall in love with him if he wanted,” said his daughter from his first marriage, Irina.

It was for this reason that Fedorov’s personal life began to crack: he broke up with his first wife Liliya Fedorovna, with whom he lived for 12 years.

Mom was raised in very strict rules; every physical betrayal of her father was also spiritual for her,” Irina admits. -She couldn’t turn a blind eye to his hobbies and filed for divorce. Her father wrote letters to her, asking her to forget everything, but she did not forgive.

However, Dr. Fedorov remained on good terms with his daughter. Irina followed in her father’s footsteps and became an ophthalmologist - like his daughter from his second marriage, Olga.

He also “bewitched” his third wife, Irene, with his specialization. A gynecologist by training, after meeting him she became an ophthalmological nurse and assisted him in operations. They met in a medical office. Irene came to Fedorov for an appointment to sign up her aunt for surgery.

I fell in love with it as soon as I walked in. I saw it and almost fainted. After our acquaintance with Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, I lost peace and sleep, I lived from one meeting to another,” she later recalled.

Fedorov was married at that time, but could not resist such feelings: he left his family. And he created a new one - with Irene and her twin daughters from her first marriage, Elina and Yulia.

Buried dreams

And yet the main thing in his life always remained work.

In addition to the clinic, Dr. Fedorov directed the huge Protasovo-MG complex near Moscow, which included a dairy plant, a drinking water production plant, two factories producing eyeglass frames, lenses, surgical instruments and electronic devices.

A helicopter, a hangar, a radio station, a gas tanker, and an Aviatika-890U aircraft were purchased for the complex, and a runway was built.

At the age of 62, Fedorov finally sat at the controls of the plane and began flying to branches of the complex, even to remote regions. He was happy: his old dream of heaven had finally come true. But she also destroyed him.

On June 2, 2000, Dr. Fedorov took to the skies for the last time. The helicopter in which Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was returning from a conference from Tambov crashed onto a vacant lot near the Moscow Ring Road. The cause of the plane crash was said to be a technical malfunction.


Name: Svyatoslav Fedorov

Age: 72 years old

Place of Birth: Proskurov, Ukraine

A place of death: Moscow

Activity: Russian ophthalmologist, eye microsurgeon

Family status: was married

Svyatoslav Fedorov - biography

During his life, Dr. Svyatoslav Fedorov did many good deeds. Thanks to his talent, tens of thousands of people regained their sight. And he would have done even more if the helicopter he was flying in had not suddenly lost control 16 years ago.

Svyatoslav wanted to become a pilot since childhood. If this had happened, medicine would not have had a talented ophthalmologist. Everything was decided by an accident that closed Fedorov’s path to aviation...

Svyatoslav Fedorov was born in Ukraine in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in 1927. He belonged to a generation of guys who were literally obsessed with aviation. In those years, she experienced an unprecedented rise: the heroic flights of Chkalov, Baidukov, the rescue of the Chelyuskinites... The pilots were idols, idols, they were admired, films were made about them, songs were composed.

Svyatoslav’s father, brigade commander Nikolai Fedorov, supported his son’s aspirations. He himself was once a worker at the Putilov plant. Then, having gone through the fronts of the First World War and the Civil War, he became a professional military man. Slava admired his father, but at the end of 1938 disaster struck: the brigade commander was arrested and sentenced to 17 years in the camps as an enemy of the people. This was a heavy blow for the boy. The radio thundered with victory marches, optimistic songs, stories about the glorious victories of the Soviet people, and Slava was isolated: friendship with the son of an enemy of the people was not welcomed. Nevertheless, the boy continued to dream of heaven, like thousands of his peers.

Fedorov's fatal tram

When the war began, the dreams of 14-year-old boys changed: to the front, to beat the Nazis! The boys were afraid that the war would end before they could take up arms. We managed... And to fight and lay down our heads. According to statistics, military pilots died after making only 5-7 sorties.

Svyatoslav was studying at a special Air Force school in Rostov when fate dealt him this blow. Having unsuccessfully jumped off the tram's steps, he fell and his leg got under the wheel. The teenager lost his foot. And how to live on now? There will be no flights, no feeling of conquering the sky, no beautiful shape, no admiration from girls...

Having come to terms with the fact that his dream of becoming a pilot would never come true, he submitted documents to the Rostov Medical Institute. Of course, a doctor is not a heroic profession like a pilot, there is no romance in it, but a doctor saves lives, and this is the main thing. In 1952, Fedorov graduated from the institute and went to work in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region, and then to the Urals, to Lysva, where he became a surgeon in a local hospital.

Millions of doctors, having received a diploma, are eager to help people and dream of future achievements. But most of them gradually lose their former passion: no aspirations, the same thing from year to year. Fedorov’s enthusiasm and interest in the profession only grew. Just six years after graduation, he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and in 1960, in Cheboksary, where he then worked, he performed a revolutionary operation to replace the lens of the eye with an artificial one. Similar operations were carried out in the West, but in the USSR they were considered quackery, and Fedorov was fired from his job.

Having moved to Arkhangelsk, he became the head of the department of eye diseases at the medical institute. It was here that the “Fedorov empire” began in his biography: like-minded people gathered around the irrepressible surgeon, ready for revolutionary changes in eye microsurgery. People from all over the country flocked to Arkhangelsk in the hope of regaining their lost sight - and they actually began to see.

The surgeon was assessed “officially” - together with his team he moved to Moscow. And he began to do absolutely fantastic things: correct vision using keratotomy (incisions on the cornea), transplant a donor cornea, developed a new method for operating on glaucoma, and became a pioneer of laser eye microsurgery.

The scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery”, which he led, had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign clients, independently set the number of employees and their salaries, and also engage in economic activities outside medicine. Fedorov actively led the construction of branches throughout the country and abroad.

Moreover, there was a sea vessel - the Peter the Great ophthalmological clinic, on board of which operations were carried out that brought in 14 million dollars a year. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich wrote dozens of articles, monographs, patented a huge number of inventions, received many awards, prizes, titles, and earned worldwide fame.

Svyatoslav Fedorov - personal life: favorite of women

Of course, such a bright man could not help but attract women, and he reciprocated their feelings.

My father was a real Don Juan. He had a damn, invincible charm that was impossible to resist. He could make any woman fall in love with him if he wanted,” said his daughter from his first marriage, Irina.

It was for this reason that Fedorov’s personal life began to crack: he broke up with his first wife Liliya Fedorovna, with whom he lived for 12 years.

Mom was raised in very strict rules; every physical betrayal of her father was also spiritual for her,” Irina admits. -She couldn’t turn a blind eye to his hobbies and filed for divorce. Her father wrote letters to her, asking her to forget everything, but she did not forgive.

However, Dr. Fedorov remained on good terms with his daughter. Irina followed in her father’s footsteps and became an ophthalmologist - like his daughter from his second marriage, Olga.

He also “bewitched” his third wife, Irene, with his specialization. A gynecologist by training, after meeting him she became an ophthalmological nurse and assisted him in operations. They met in a medical office. Irene came to Fedorov for an appointment to sign up her aunt for surgery.

I fell in love with it as soon as I walked in. I saw it and almost fainted. After our acquaintance with Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, I lost peace and sleep, I lived from one meeting to another, she later recalled.

Fedorov was married at that time, but could not resist such feelings: he left his family. And he created a new one - with Irene and her twin daughters from her first marriage, Elina and Yulia.

Svyatoslav Fedorova - death: Buried dreams

And yet the main thing in his life always remained work.

In addition to the clinic, Dr. Fedorov directed the huge Protasovo-MG complex near Moscow, which included a dairy plant, a drinking water plant, two factories producing eyeglass frames, lenses, surgical instruments and electronic devices.

A helicopter, a hangar, a radio station, a gas tanker, and an Aviatika-890U aircraft were purchased for the complex, and a runway was built.

At the age of 62, Fedorov finally sat at the controls of the plane and began flying to the branches of the complex, even to remote regions. He was happy: his old dream of heaven had finally come true. But she also destroyed him.

On June 2, 2000, Dr. Fedorov took to the skies for the last time. The helicopter in which Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was returning from a conference from Tambov crashed onto a vacant lot near the Moscow Ring Road. The cause of the plane crash was said to be a technical malfunction.



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