En in nouns for me. Indeclinable nouns

Called the noun “bread of the tongue.” Indeed, without using this part of speech it is impossible to construct sentences. Objects, things, events and states, people and animals, feelings and emotions - we convey all this in speech using nouns.

When writing words of this part of speech, you should follow the rules. The greatest difficulties are caused by endings and suffixes. How to correctly write noun suffixes will be discussed in the article.

Suffixes with uniform spelling

The correct spelling of many morphemes in the Russian language is subject to the morphological principle, that is, they are written uniformly in all words and word forms. Nouns also have such suffixes. You just need to learn them.

These are suffixes such as IZN, OT, IN, OST, OTN, OVN and some others. Cheap, expensive, white; KINDNESS, REDNESS, SIMPLICITY; silence, depth; brevity, youth, pride; running, running; chatter and so on. Such suffixes are mainly characteristic of words formed from adjectives and verbal words.

It is recommended to remember the spelling of words formed from verbs using the suffixes IV and EB, for example “fuel”, “mesivo”, “brew”, “lace” and others. No rule can be applied to them; they must be remembered or checked in a dictionary.

Suffixes IK and EK

The suffixes of the nouns IK and EK serve to form a diminutive form and sound the same when pronounced. They need to be written in accordance with a very simple rule. If, when a word is declined, the vowel “runs away”, then this is the suffix EK, and if it remains, then this is the suffix IK. A classic example that schoolchildren love and easily remember is a lock and key. We bow the words and see:

zamochEK - zamochka (vowel “ran away”);
key - key (the vowel remained in place).

When applying this rule, you must first correctly find the suffix in the word. For example, in the word “ball” there is a root BALL and the familiar suffix IR, in the word “pilot” there is a knee LET and a suffix CHIC, and in the word “boy” there is no suffix at all, but only a root and a zero ending. It is important to remember: there are no nouns with the suffix CHECK in the Russian language!

Conclusion. To choose IK or EK, you need to see whether the vowel appears in the form of oblique cases.

Suffixes EC and IC

The spelling of the noun suffixes EC and IC is similar to the previous paragraph of the rule. Here, too, with declension, the vowel drops out of the EC morpheme, but is retained in the IC morpheme. But there is one more nuance. EC is written in masculine words: well done, handsome, foreigner. Accordingly, IC will belong only to feminine words: beauty, snowstorm, lazy.

Everything seems simple here. But what about neuter words, attentive readers will ask? Even their vowel does not fall out during declination. But here another principle works, and you need to pay attention to the emphasis. If the emphasis falls on the ending, we write EC: PALTETSO, letterTSO. If the base of the word is stressed, we write the suffix ITs: dressITse, nameITse, jamITse.

Conclusion. The EC and IC suffixes depend on the gender of the word. If you eat a neuter word, look at the stress.

Suffixes ICHK and ECHK

The noun suffixes ICHK and ECHK are also found in affectionate and diminutive names for both animate and inanimate objects. It is very easy to distinguish from. ICHK is written in those words that are formed from forms with the suffix ITs: staircase - ladder, sister - sister, mill - mill. ECHK is used in all other words, including affectionately diminutive forms of proper names: kroshka - kroshechka, cat - cat, Olya - Olechka.

Note. The use of the names TanICHKa, ManICHKa and other similar ones is found in works of fiction, but is not standardized.

You should also keep in mind that there is no suffix YACHK in Russian.

Conclusion. The spelling of the suffixes ECHK and ICHK depends on the presence of the suffix ITs at the base of the word from which the noun is derived

Suffixes ONK and ENK

Spelling the suffixes of nouns with the affectionate meaning ONK and ENK rarely causes difficulties, because they, as a rule, are clearly audible when pronounced. But let’s generalize: ONK should be written after a hard consonant, ENK - after a soft or hissing one. The braid is the braid, the birch is the birch, but the daughter is the daughter, the night is the night, Julia is Yulenka. Exceptions can be considered diminutive variants of the words “mom” and “dad”: only mamma and papa are permissible, despite the fact that the stem of these words ends in hard consonants. You also need to remember the spelling of words that do not obey the rule, “ZaINKA”, “PaINKa”, “BaINKi”. They are written in a special way and are dictionary.

Conclusion. The suffixes ONK and ENK depend on the softness/hardness of the preceding consonant.

Combinations IN-K and ENK-K and suffixes INK and ENK

Noun suffixes are also interesting because they can be difficult to identify correctly. Words have similar meanings but are formed using different suffixes. For example, the words “pea” and “snowflake” denote a diminutive form of an object, but the first is formed from the word “snow” using the morpheme INK, and the other is formed from the word pea-in-a by adding the suffix K.

The combination IN-K is written in words formed from feminine nouns with the suffix IN: ballerIN-Ka - from ballerIN, BusIN-Ka - from busIN.
The combination EH-K occurs in words formed from nouns ending in -NYA: cherry-Ka - from cherry, cherry-Ka - from cherry, and so on.

The suffixes of the nouns INK and ENK are difficult to explain by any clear rule. ENK is found in words denoting female persons: beggar, nun, Frenchwoman and others. Accordingly, in words that do not have such a meaning, the suffix INK is written: gorlinka, smeshinka, zadorinka. If the suffix that causes doubt is in an unstressed position, it is better to check the dictionary.

Conclusion. The spelling of suffixes and combinations ENK (EN-K) and INK (IN-K) depends on the morphemic composition of the word or is regulated by the dictionary.

The letters O-E in the suffixes of nouns in the position after sibilants sound the same, which is why this particular spelling causes the most difficulties, and it is with it that the most errors are associated. In fact, the rule is very simple.

In the suffixes of nouns OK-EK, ONK-ENK, ONOK-ENOK and similar ones, O is written under stress, E is written without stress. Examples of stressed positions: riverONKa, MezhvezhONOK, circle. Unstressed suffixes: daughter, river and others.

As you can see, O-E after hissing nouns in suffixes is very easy to distinguish!

But there is one nuance (after all, the Russian language does not recognize rules without exceptions). This rule does not apply to words formed from verbs. In them, regardless of the place of stress, you should always write E (most often such suffixes are in the stressed position, which is why they are misleading). NochEVka - we write E, because from the verb "to spend the night", condensed - we write E, because from the verb "to thicken", stew - is explained in a similar way.

Conclusion. Suffixes of nouns after sibilants depend on the place of stress (with the exception of verbal words).

Suffixes CHIC and SCHIK

Noun suffixes cause difficulty in writing not only vowels, but also consonants. A striking example is the sibilants in the suffixes of the nouns CHIC and SHCHIK, which often sound the same in oral speech. Most often, these suffixes form words with the meaning of profession or occupation: “roofer”, “scout”, “layer”, etc. How to distinguish them?

The suffix CHIK is written only after the letters D, T, Z, S, ZH: Breadwinner, Clerk, Defector. The SHCHIK morpheme is written after all other sounds: mason, recruiter, etc.

It is noteworthy that the soft sign is never written before the suffix CHIC, and before SHCHIK is preserved only in one case - after L: sawyer, roofer, layout worker.

Conclusion. The choice of the suffix CHIC or SCHIK depends on the preceding consonant sound.

N and NN in noun suffixes

Double vowels occur in words of any part of speech, including nouns. How to determine how many N to write in the suffixes of this part of speech?

One N is written if the noun is formed without adding the suffix N from a word whose stem ended in one N: Yunost - from yuNy, gingerbread - from spicy, and so on.
Two N are written at the junction of morphemes, that is, if a noun is formed from a word with a base in N by adding another H: treason - from treason with the addition of NIK, tsennik - from tseN with the addition of NIK.
NN is also written if the noun is formed from an adjective or participle that already contains a double N. CONFIDENCE - from confident, restraint - restrained.
Conclusion. The spelling of one or two Hs in a noun depends on the morphemic composition of the word, as well as on the number of Hs in the word from which it is formed.

Let's sum it up

The suffixal method is the main way of word formation of nouns. This probably explains the richness and variety of suffixes in this part of speech. Here are such common morphemes as OST, EK, ONK, but there are also rare or obsolete suffixes, for example, YAD in the word “mokryad”, YSH in the word “foundling” or UN in the word “runner”.

The difficulty is that all suffixes that form nouns require the use of a special rule, as well as knowledge of the morphemic composition of the word and the method of word formation. Therefore, when studying the spelling of nouns, you will have to turn to dictionaries very often.

“Spelling of adjective suffixes N NN” - Spelling n and nn in adjective suffixes. II Post. - nav., inanimate., 1st class., w.r.; non-constant - units, in V.p. IIILove (what?) poetry. Balko..y, oko..y, constitutional..y, y..y. Bulletin board. When solving a crossword puzzle, we repeat the rule of writing –Н and –НН in adjective suffixes. I Love (what?) poetry - noun, n.f. - poetry.

“Adjective suffixes” - -ful. What else you need to know: For example: -able (-ible). -ic. -al. -ate, -y. -less. -ful, -less, -ive, -ic, -al -able (-ible), -ent, -ant, -ate, -y, -ed. -ent, -ant. -ive. -ed. Part 4. Suffixes of adjectives.

“Spelling verb suffixes” - Cheerful birds whistled and flew in the bushes. Dasha looked at the patterns on the frost-covered window. Rule in the table (highlight the suffixes in all words). Vocabulary dictation. Task: highlight the suffixes of the verbs. Consolidation of the studied material (text under dictation followed by self-test). Control section (testing of acquired knowledge).

“Spelling of suffixes” - Passives. Valid. N and NN in participles and verbal adjectives. All verbs are in -ova. The letters O and E in suffixes after sibilants. In other cases, the suffix –SHCHIK- is used. Present participles (from the present tense stem). Cold - coldly, true - truly, external - externally, sincere - sincerely.

"Suffix in a word" - Doesn't matter. Steamboat... After the root. Before the root. Circle... To connect words in a sentence. Suffix. Rain... Ticket... Choose the correct expression. Ship... Godoch... Komoch... The suffix is. Part of a word. To form new words. Screw... The suffix serves. Has the meaning. Son... Darling... Bell... Package... Little word.

“Suffixes exercises” - Exception: also the vowel e after sibilants in suffixes. Exercise 4. Suffixes –ova-, -eva-, -ыва-, -iva- in verbs. For example: handkerchief - handkerchief, son - son. Fill in the missing letters where necessary. In adjectives formed with the suffix -an- (-yan-): leather - leather, silver - silver.

210 . Write it off. Indicate the conditions for choosing the spelling “Letter e in the suffix -en- nouns on -me"(see sample in box). Indicate the phraseological unit. What does it mean?

Distribute by subscription.., tongue of flame.. or fire, touch.. touch the stirrups.., meet on the platform.., line up on the square.., leader of the tribes.., for the time being.., before time. .ne, foot in the stirrup..nor, university named after..nor M.V. Lomonosov, street named after..nor Yuri Gagarin, under the burden..of* years, fresh seeds..on, don’t let the flame go out ..no, pain in the dark..nor, bones dark..nor, to..touch the key, touch..touch the typewriter.., new times..on, high significance.. .

211 . Write down words with the type of spelling being studied in the singular genitive case. Indicate the part of the word that contains the spelling being studied.

Banner, flame, time, name, tribe, stirrup, seed.

212 . Copy by inserting the missing spellings and graphically indicating the conditions for their selection. Make up a simple common sentence using any of these phrases.

From a small seed..to the flame..nor to..stra, to the banner..nor the regiment, go..to the holy..time..nor, touch the stir..nor, take..towards them..neither, from a neighboring tribe..nor.

213 . Write down using the word name in the required form and placing commas between homogeneous members and parts of a complex sentence. Graphically explain the conditions for choosing spellings.

Many people are interested in questions related to Russian personalities (name). I would like(?) to know where (name) came from and what they mean.

The answers can be found in special dictionaries of Russian personal (name). The dictionary entry of such a dictionary is headed by the full official name. After (name) gives (?) an etymological certificate about the origin.. and original meaning.. (name). Then come (?) patronymics that are formed (?) from (name), followed by diminutive derivatives for the name of a person in everyday life in the circle of family and friends.

214 . Make and write down a plan for the dictionary entry in the dictionary of Russian personal names according to the text of ex. 213. Using this plan, compose a dictionary entry about the name of one of your loved ones.

215 . Prepare an oral public presentation in front of the class about the origin of names. Use the following working materials as you choose. Will your presentation be informational only or will you try to convince your classmates how interesting it is to study the origins of names?

Working materials: Alexey, m. [Greek. “protect”, “protector”, “helper”]; Natalia, woman [lat. "native"]; Alekseevich, Alekseevna; Alekseich, Aleksevna (colloquial).

Derivatives: Alekseyka, Alyosha, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Lyosha, Lyokha, Alyonya, Lenya, etc. A total of 76 derivatives.

Derivatives: Natalka, Natasha, Natashenka, Natashechka, Natashka, Nata, Natulya, Natusya, Tusya, Tasha, etc. A total of 95 derivatives.

216 . Read it. Title the text. Write down words with missing letters in groups according to the types of inserted spellings, at the same time graphically indicating the conditions for their selection.

Sasha is six years old. His father leads him by the hand across the plowed field. Sasha often stumbles, it’s difficult for him to walk along the dumps. The last of the swallows, walking noisily up and down, cross the red sunset, sinking behind the forests.

A tractor crawls across the field, knocks steadily with its engine, coughs, and throws out cloudy purple smoke from the chimney. From time to time you can hear the grinding of a cobblestone tucked under the ploughshare. From under the r..studded iron thorns of the plow, the earth flows in thick streams(?)s. Its dumps dimly appear in the sunset.

The father stopped, bent down and took a full pot of earth and brought it to his face. The tractor, with the agility of a worker drawn into work, puffed away, puffing away.

Can you smell it? - said the father.

Sasha also grabbed a handful and brought it to his nose. But the earth smelled like earth.

Through his growing voice, through his father’s unusually soft face, six-year-old Sasha then felt a vague gratitude to the earth. He held it like a jewel, a handful of wet crumbs, like a father. B..carefully crumpled and sniffed. The earth smelled like earth.

(V. Tendryakov.)

217 . Dictation(free). Compare your text with the text in exercise. 216 (any paragraphs of your choice). What nouns and verbs did you replace with your own words?