Exam in Russian task analysis. between parts of a complex sentence

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

16 (increased level, time – 2 min)

Training objectives:

Unpointing for tasks

Part 1

Example of a task:

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The Unified State Examination in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.

First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test-type, with a choice of one or more answers, open-ended (fill in the blank yourself).

The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Part 1 tasks test graduates’ mastery of educational material at both basic and high levels of complexity (tasks 7, 23–24).

Second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.

Part 2 task (task 25 - essay) can be completed by the examinee at any level of difficulty (basic, advanced, high).

The work is given 210 minutes - 3.5 hours.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of the work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Type of tasks
1 part	24	33	Short answer
part 2	1	24	Detailed response
Total	25	57

Below I will give the “cost” of each task performed.

For the correct completion of each task first part (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points.

The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one error was made; 3 points: two errors were made; 2 points: two digits were indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof.

For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he or she completes the task correctly second part , is 24 points.

For correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can receive the maximum 57 primary points .

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the subjects required for passing final exams. Unified State Examination results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each field of study (specialty). Today we will look in detail at one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

Minimum number of points in Russian language:

to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
for admission to a university - 36 points.

Structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. The examination paper offers the following types of short-answer tasks:

open-type tasks to record a self-formulated correct answer;
selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of labor, Winner of the competition for the best teachers of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project “Education”. Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that rapid social changes on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that , which is found in large quantities on Earth “passionaries” are born - people of increased activity , promoting social change and guiding the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text concisely:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.

2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, the meaning of the gap cannot be replaced MEANWHILE );

Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );

Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the given sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.

Boyhood

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, poured, burst in, took, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, started, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combined with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Examples of use: accused of theft, accused of lying, accused of embezzling funds, accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	ACCUSATIVE- containing an accusation. Examples of use: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, accusatory party.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to the plant or animal world, relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, radical. 4. (trans.) Intrinsic to someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone or something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; whole, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Secretive: a person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~s people; ~ character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not revealed explicitly. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: meaning, hint; ~ enmity, irony, pain; ~ excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~ opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting of recording dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTATE- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party. Examples: Roman dictate;
ORIGINAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING- document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZVONCHE

V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

Not DROPING not a word

Answer: having spoken

Algorithm for completing the task:

To complete this task you need a good knowledge of theory.

1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive plural cases of nouns (For most masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlative adjective

Suffixes: *-EE, -E, -SHE* STRONG *HER* LOUD E JUNIOR E	*MORE* *LESS* *MORE* PERSISTENT *LESS* DIFFICULT	Suffixes: *-AYSH-, -EYSH-* DEEP *AISH* II NICE N *EIS* II	*MOST* *MOST* LEAST *MOST* KIND *MOST* DANGEROUS
Comparative adverb degree		Superlative adverb

Suffixes *-EE, -E, -SHE* ACCURATE *HER* VYSH E THINSH E	*MORE* AND *LESS* *MORE* EXACTLY *MORE* HIGH *MORE* THIN		Pronoun *ALL* + simple comparative form MORE PRECISELY *ALL* HIGHER *ALL* THINner ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in their syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal clause, a determiner and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.

There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from a perfective verb. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.

We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade you can already start working work program for teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

OFFERS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) Nekrasov’s poem “The Railway” presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.

8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.

A sentence in which the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund are performed by different persons is grammatically incorrect.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject CTO the predicate verb is placed in the singular, and with the subjects TE (ALL) the predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) lies in the fact that different syntactic constructions are included in the series of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Noteworthy

near..native (station)

hug..mother

Sat..regulate

analog..gical

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Things to remember:

1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in the unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)

pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bending, ..give

about..chalk, between..grove

under..yachy, over..eat

Answer: unbending, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you must know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in a given word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case - “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).

The prefix is missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

nomadic

suede

outshine

thoughtful...

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .

· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.

5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And nn depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;

· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) are offended...

(patients) recovered..t

sealed

(they) visit..t

Answer: They will be offended

It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation

I conjugation

Heterogeneous conjugates

1) All verbs end in –it,

except shave And lay .

2) and 11 more verbs:

Drive, hold,

breathe, offend.

Hear, see, hate.

And depend and endure.

And also look, twirl .

You will remember, friends,

them on -E- cannot be conjugated.

1) all other verbs, except for differently conjugated ones;

2) plus verbs shave And lay

want,

run,

honor

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.

Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.

My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).

Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),

2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),

3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

		Apart
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fable	If there is a contrast with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace it with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all beautiful
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn’t know, not knowing
		With attachments *not + until* not fully done can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home She didn’t finish and fell silent.
		With short participles: not_ closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition No one, no one
Exceptions: not in moderation, not as an example, not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often).

13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Examining evidence (BECAUSE OF preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: Superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because

The first part of a compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.

The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberries)

2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: homeless woman

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker

3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve

3. No ¬: sifted flour

4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, done, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. (high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."

9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered.

Short Communion

The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Exist. ? cr. ???

The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.

15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds his equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In the excerpt from Bunin’s Antonov Apples, one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) Constant movement and striving towards other limits is the essence of creative life, and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.

5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.

Answer:2,3

2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.

3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" A punctuation mark is placed between parts of a sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;

· if it is a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;

· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;

· a comma is always placed before adversative conjunctions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.

16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participial phrase, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;

The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?

*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( BEFORE- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	Stands out participial phrase meaning reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset about his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of reason).	Do not stand out single gerunds, standing after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the manner of action, as well as those close in function to adverbs: He walked with a limp. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participial phrases connected by a single connecting or disjunctive conjunction: The selflessness of Pletnev, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin’s phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and without saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING WITH, BASED ON(they can be omitted without compromising the meaning): We begin work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include participial phrases are not highlighted: They listened to his story WITH BEATHING BREATH.

17. Place all missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright boy

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore

Hugging a nearby bush.

Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Chekhov seemed unable to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-end of subordinate clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;

· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but

· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."

(10) Judah took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

(15) He took out his left hand and sadly ran it over his face.

(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages. (19) The torchbearers step out importantly with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms dangle from the horses: they are burying an important person, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?

- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.

3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

· Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

· Choose the correct answers

Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)

Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need the money for a funeral

So answer number 5 too incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested fragments carefully;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narrative tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”

The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.

So this one the answer is correct

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. It contains an introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the words “wave” and “stone,” “poetry” and “prose,” “ice” and “fire” are antonyms.

3. Define the specified lexical item

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people

23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating conjunction

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence contains both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also

Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same

Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit h./pl. h.


	he, she, it/they

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

For the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.

Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.

Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.

Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street" is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Therefore this epithet.

The second task deals with lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: No. 4

In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.

Let’s remember the syntactic means of expressiveness and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.

The list of terms includes:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, answer #6

I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.

The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2"

Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

Subject: Number coding. Number systems.

What you need to know:

4 3 2 1 0 ← ranks

1 2 3 4 5 N = 1·N 4 + 2 · N 3 + 3 · N 2 + 4 · N 1 + 5 · N 0

the last digit of a number in the base number system
is the remainder of dividing this number by

the last two digits are the remainder of division by
, etc.

the number 10 N is written as one and N zeros:

the number 10 N -1 is written as N nines:

the number 10 N -10 M = 10 M (10 N - M – 1) is written as N- M nines, behind which stand M zeros:

the number 2 N in the binary system is written as one and N zeros:

the number 2 N -1 in the binary system is written as N units:

number 2 N – 2 K at K < N in binary it is written as N– K units and K zeros:

since , we get
, from which it follows that

the number 3 N is written in the ternary system as one and N zeros:

the number 3 N -1 is written in the ternary system as N twos:

the number 3 N – 3 M = 3 M (3 N - M – 1) is written in the ternary system as N- M twos behind them M zeros:

one can draw similar conclusions for any number system with a base a :

R-22. Arithmetic expression value: 9 8 + 3 5 – 9

written in a base 3 number system. How many digits “2” are there in this notation?

Solution:

Let us reduce all terms to the form 3 N and arrange them in descending order of degrees:

9 8 + 3 5 – 9 = 3 16 + 3 5 – 3 2

the first term, 3 16, gives one unit in ternary notation - we are not interested in it

pair 3 5 – 3 2 gives 5 – 2 = 3 twos

Answer: 3.

R-21. How many significant zeros are there in binary notation of a number?
4 512 + 8 512 – 2 128 – 250

General idea: the number of significant zeros is equal to the number of all characters in the binary representation of the number (its length!) minus the number of ones

Let’s reduce all numbers to powers of two, taking into account that 250 = 256 – 4 – 2 = 2 8 – 2 2 – 2 1:

4 512 + 8 512 – 2 128 – 250 = (2 2 ) 512 + (2 3) 512 – 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1 =

2 1536 + 2 1024 – 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1

2 1536 + 2 1024 – 2 129 + 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two pairs 2 N – 2 K

the total number of units is 1 + (1024 – 129) + (128 – 8) + 1 + 1 = 1018

thus, the number of significant zeros is 1537 – 1018 = 519

answer: 519.

R-20
4 2015 + 8 405 – 2 150 – 122

Solution (method of E.A. Smirnov, Nizhny Novgorod region):

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two minus signs in a row, this does not allow you to immediately use the formula

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 151 + 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two pairs 2 N – 2 K, and the remaining terms give one unit each

the total number of units is 1 + (1215 – 151) + (150 – 7) + 1 + 1 = 1210

answer: 1210.

Solution (S.O. Kurov, Moscow):

Let’s reduce all numbers to powers of two, taking into account that 122 = 128 – 4 – 2 = 2 7 – 2 2 – 2 1:

4 2015 + 8 405 – 2 150 – 122 = (2 2 ) 2015 + (2 3) 405 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1 =

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

looking in differences the leftmost power of two and the rightmost 2 1215 – 2 7, while we “lose” 2 150 for a while

we determine the number of units in the difference 2 1215 – 2 7, we get 1215 – 7 = 1208 units

since “inside” this difference there is another 2,150, we simply subtract one unit: 1208 – 1 = 1207; total in the difference 2 1215 – 2 150 – 2 7 is exactly 1207 units

it remains to add one unit each from the numbers 2 4030, 2 2, 2 1

Answer: 1210

R-19. Solve the equation
.

Solution:

Let's convert all numbers to the decimal number system:

putting everything together into one equation we get

this equation has two solutions, 6 and -8; The base of the number system is a natural number, so the answer is 6

we translate the answer into the ternary system: 6 = 2∙3 1 = 20 3 .

answer: 20.

R-18. How many ones are there in binary notation of a number?
4 2014 + 2 2015 – 8

Solution:

Let's reduce all numbers to powers of two:

4 2014 + 2 2015 – 8 = (2 2 ) 2014 + 2 2015 – 2 3 = 2 4028 + 2 2015 – 2 3

R-17. How many ones are there in binary notation of a number?
4 2016 + 2 2018 – 8 600 + 6

Solution:

Let's reduce all numbers to powers of two, expanding 6 as 2 2 +2 1

4 2016 + 2 2018 – 8 600 + 6 = (2 2 ) 2016 + 2 2018 - (2 3) 600 + 2 2 + 2 1 = 2 4032 + 2 2018 – 2 1800 + 2 2 + 2 1

R-16. How many ones are there in binary notation of a number?
4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80

Solution:

Let's select from this value the last one with the following 2018 zeros as a separate term (number 2 2018):

where is the number K contains 382 units in the highest digits; Thus, the number we are interested in is equal to

according to paragraph 2, the number 2 2018 – 2 6 will be written as 2012 ones and 6 zeros; We also select the last one followed by zeros as a separate term:

where is the number L contains 2011 units

now it remains to find how many units there will be in the binary notation of the number 2 6 – 2 4, according to point 2 we find that it contains 2 units

so the total number of units is 382 + 2011 + 2 = 2395

answer: 2395.

Solution (method 2, E.A. Smirnov, Nizhny Novgorod region):

Let's reduce all numbers to powers of two, expanding 80 as 2 6 +2 4

4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80 = (2 2 ) 2016 – 2 2018 + (2 3) 800 – 2 2 – 2 1 = 2 4032 – 2 2018 + 2 2400 – 2 6 – 2 4

rearrange the terms in order of decreasing powers of two

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2018 – 2 6 – 2 4

imagine – 2 2018 = – 2 2019 + 2 2018 and – 2 6 = – 2 7 + 2 6

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2019 + 2 2018 – 2 7 + 2 6 – 2 4

answer: 2395

Solution (method 3, A.I. Kozlov, Severobaikalsk):

Let's reduce all numbers to powers of two, expanding 80 as 2 6 +2 4

4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80 = (2 2 ) 2016 – 2 2018 + (2 3) 800 – 2 2 – 2 1 = 2 4032 – 2 2018 + 2 2400 – 2 6 – 2 4

rearrange the terms in order of decreasing powers of two

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2018 – 2 6 – 2 4

the expression 2 2400 –2 4 gives 2396 ones and 4 zeros at the end, from where we cross out (replace with zero) the one that is in seventh place from the right (2 6) and, accordingly, in 2019 place from the right (2 2018). Therefore, 2394 units remain.

Considering that 2 4032 gives us one unit, we end up with 2395 units

Answer: 2395

R-15. Solve the equation
.

Solution:

R-14. Writing a decimal number in bases 3 and 5 in both cases has a 0 as its last digit. What is the minimum natural decimal number that satisfies this requirement?

Solution:

if a number in a number system with base N ends in 0, then this number is divisible by N

therefore, in this problem you need to find the smallest natural number that is divisible by both 3 and 5, that is, divisible by 15

obviously the number is 15.

R-13. Writing the number 67 10 In the base number system, N ends in 1 and contains 4 digits. Indicate the base of this number system N.

Solution:

R-12. Writing the number 381 10 In the base number system, N ends in 3 and contains 3 digits. Specify the largest possible base of this number system N.

Solution:

R-11. 25, the entry of which in the base four number system ends in 11?

General approach:

Solution (option 1, using the decimal system):

General form of numbers that leave a remainder of 5 when divided by 16:

Where – non-negative integer (0, 1, 2, ...)

Possible pitfalls and problems :

Solution (option 2, through the quaternary system, proposed by O.A. Tuzova):

Let's convert 25 to the quaternary number system: 25 = 121 4, all the numbers we are interested in are not greater than this value

From these numbers we will select only those that end in 11; there are only two such numbers:
this is 11 4 = 5 and 111 4 = 21

thus, the correct answer is 5, 21.

Possible pitfalls and problems :

there is a risk of accidentally “forgetting” a number or finding an “extra” number (in this case, more than 25)

you can make mistakes when converting numbers from the quaternary system to the decimal system or even “forget” to convert

R-10. 23ends with 2.

General approach:

Solution:

(*)

Where

Possible pitfalls and problems :

R-9. Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all the bases of the number systems in which the number is written 31ends with 11.

General approach:

2 1 0 ← digits

31 = k 1 1 N = k · N 2 + N 1 + N 0 = k N 2 + N + 1

4 3 2 1 0 ← digits

31 = k 4 k 3 k 2 1 1 N = k 4 ·N 4 +k 3 · N 3 +k 2 · N 2 + N 1 + N 0

= k·N 2 + N + 1

For
(from the first three terms the common factor was taken out
)

Solution:

(**)

Where – non-negative integer (0, 1, 2, ...);

R-8. Indicate how many times the number 2 appears in the notation of numbers 10, 11, 12, ..., 17 in the base 5 number system.

Solution (option 1):

Let's write the first and last number in a given range in the base 5 number system:

10 = 2 0 5 , 17 = 32 5 .

note that both of them contain the number 2, so we have already found 2 numbers

There are more numbers between 20 5 and 32 5

2 1 5 , 22 5 , 2 3 5 , 2 4 5 , 30 5 , 31 5 .

they contain 5 digits 2 (in the number 22 5 there are two 2s at once), so in total the number 2 appears 7 times

therefore, the correct answer is 7.

Possible pitfalls and problems :

you must not forget that in a number system with base 5 the most significant digit is 4, that is, after 24 5 follows 30 5

remember that you need to determine not the number of numbers that have a two, but the number of twos themselves

you may not pay attention to the fact that in the number 22 5 number 2 appears 2 times

Solution (option 2):

Let's convert all the indicated numbers into a number system with base 5:

10 = 2 0 5 , 11 = 2 1 5 , 12 = 22 5 , 13 = 2 3 5 , 14 = 2 4 5 , 15 = 30 5 , 16 = 31 5 , 17 = 32 5 .

count the numbers 2 - you get 7 pieces

therefore, the correct answer is 7.

R-7. Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the number 30 is written in three digits.

Solution:

the minimum of these values is 4

therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Solution (without selection):

perform steps 1-4 in the same way as in the previous solution

find the first integer whose cube is greater than 30; it's 4 because

R-6. Enter, separated by commas in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 30, whose notation in the base 5 number system begins with 3?

Solution ( option 1):

they are all certainly no less
, therefore they do not fall into our range;

thus, it remains to consider only single-digit and two-digit numbers

there is only one single digit number starting with 3, it is 3

general form of all two-digit numbers starting with 3 in the base 5 system:

Where – an integer from the set (0, 1, 2,3,4) (since the number system has a base of 5 and numbers greater than 4 cannot be written in the number)

using this formula, we find the two-digit numbers we are interested in - 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19

thus, the correct answer is 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

Solution (option 2, proposed by Senkina T.S., Komsomolsk-on-Amur):

R-05. Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 71 ends in 13.

Solution (1 way):

here we set up

or equivalent

relatively

so the first answer is: 68.

Possible pitfalls and problems :

at step 1, you need to subtract only the number of ones from the number, that is, the lower of the two given digits (in the example - 3)

you may forget to consider a two-digit number written in the digits specified in the condition (in the example - 13 x), and skip the maximum base

you need to remember that

the maximum digit is 1 less than the base of the number system

100 in system with basep equals p 2

R-04. Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 86 ends in 22.

Solution (1 way):

here we set up
– the smallest permissible value

or equivalent

relatively , and we are only interested in natural numbers

Solution (method 2, M.V. Kuznetsova and her students):

so the first answer is: 42 .

R-03. Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 94 begins with 23.

Solution:

R-2. Find the sum of octal numbers 17 8 +170 8 +1700 8 +...+1700000 8 , convert to the 16th number system. Find the third digit from the left in the record of the number equal to this amount.

Solution:

It is not difficult to perform direct addition of octal numbers; a pattern quickly emerges:

17 8 + 170 8 = 207 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 = 2107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 = 21107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 + 170000 8 = 211107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 + 170000 8 + 1700000 8 = 2111107 8

Let's convert the last sum through triads into binary code (replace each octal digit with 3 binary ones):

10001 001001 001000 111 2

Now we divide the chain into tetrads (groups of 4 binary digits), starting from the right, and represent each tetrad as a hexadecimal digit

1000 10010010 01000111 2

8 9 2 4 7

Thus, the correct answer (third digit from the left): 2.

R-01. What is the smallest base of the positional number system? , at which 225 x = 405 y ? Write the answer as an integer.

Solution:

So
.

R-00. Writing the number 30 10 In the base number system, N ends in 0 and contains 4 digits. What is the base N of this number system?

Solution (1 way, selection):

the number 30 in base N is longer than in decimal (4 digits versus two), so base N is less than 10

this gives a chance to solve the problem by selection method, transferring to different systems, starting from N = 2 to N = 9

translate:

you can check that for N ≥ 4, the entry for the number 30 contains less than 4 digits, that is, it does not satisfy the condition

Answer: 3.

Solution (2nd method, inequalities):

writing the number 30 in base N contains exactly 4 digits if and only if the most significant digit is the third, that is

His, her, his

Him, her, him

His, her, his

To them, to them, to them

About him, about her, about him

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 22 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the number 12 is written as 110. Specify this base.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 39 ends in 3.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 29 ends in 5.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 129 is written as 1004. Specify this base.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 40 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the number decimal 25 is written as 100. Find this base.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 27 ends in 3.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 26, the notation of which in the ternary number system ends in 22?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 30, the notation of which in the quaternary number system ends in 31?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal natural numbers not exceeding 17, the notation of which in the ternary number system ends in two identical digits?

Indicate how many times the number 3 appears in the notation of numbers 19, 20, 21, ..., 33 in the base 6 number system.

Indicate how many times the number 1 appears in the notation of numbers 12, 13, 14, ..., 31 in the base 5 number system.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 23 ends in 1.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 63 ends in 23.

A decimal number converted to octal and nine-digit systems ends in 0 in both cases. What is the minimum natural number that satisfies this condition?

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 49 is written as 100. Specify this base.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the number 70 is written in three digits.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the number 50 is written in two digits.

How many significant digits are there in the base 7 decimal number 357?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 25, the notation of which in the base 6 number system begins with 4?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the notation of which in the base 3 number system begins with 2?

What decimal number is represented as 1234 5 when written in base 5?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 25, the notation of which in the binary number system ends in 101?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 30 ends in 8.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 31 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 83 is written as 123. Specify this base.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 144 is written as 264. Specify this base.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 35 ends in 8.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the notation of which in the binary number system ends in 110?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 15, the notation of which in the ternary number system ends in 21?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 40, the notation of which in the binary number system ends in 1011?

A decimal number is a multiple of 16. What is the minimum number of zeros at the end of this number after converting it to binary?

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 18 is written as 30. Specify this base.

Indicate how many times the number 3 appears in the notation of numbers 13, 14, 15, ..., 23 in the base 4 number system.

Indicate how many times the number 2 appears in the notation of numbers 13, 14, 15, ..., 23 in the base 3 number system.

There are 100 fruit trees in the garden - 14 apple trees and 42 pear trees. Find the base of the number system in which these numbers are indicated.

Find the base of the number system in which the addition is performed: 144 + 24 = 201.

Find the base of the number system in which the multiplication is performed: 3 213 = 1043.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the notation of which in the base 5 number system ends in 3?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all decimal numbers not exceeding 100, the notation of which in the base 5 number system ends in 11?

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 75 ends in 13.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 84 ends in 14.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 61 ends in 15.

Find a decimal number x such that 20< x < 30, запись которого в системе счисления с основанием 3 заканчивается на 11.

Writing the number 65 8 in some number system looks like this: 311 N .

Writing the number 30 in some number system looks like this: 110 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Writing the number 2B 16 in some number system looks like this: 111 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Writing the number 23 in some number system looks like this: 212 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Writing the number 210 5 in some number system looks like this: 313 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the number 50 is written in three digits.

Separated by commas, in ascending order, indicate all bases of number systems in which the number 34 8 ends in 20.

Writing the number 344 in some number system looks like this: 1A 8 N . Find the base of the number system N.

When writing a natural number in the octal number system, two zeros were added to the right. How many times has the number increased? Write your answer in the decimal number system.

The number 281 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 1. What is the maximum possible base of the number system?

The number 234 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 6. What is the base of the number system?

The number 338 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 2. What is the maximum possible base of the number system?

The number 256 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 4. What is the minimum possible base of the number system?

The number 325 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 1. What is the minimum possible base of the number system?

The number 180 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 0. List all possible bases in ascending order.

The number 280 in base N contains 3 digits and ends in 0. List all possible bases in ascending order.

The notation of a natural number in base 4 and base 6 number systems ends in 0. Find the minimum natural number that satisfies these conditions.

The decimal number 71 is written as "78" in some number systems. Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 70 is written as “64” in some number systems. Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 57 is written as "212" in some number systems. Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 109 is written as “214” in some number systems. Determine the base of the number system.

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the quaternary number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the hexadecimal number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

(http :// ege . yandex . ru ) The decimal number 63 in some number system is written as 120. Determine the base of the number system.

(http :// ege . yandex . ru ) The decimal number 57 in some number system is written as 212. Determine the base of the number system.

(http :// ege . yandex . ru ) In the base N number system, the number 77 ends in 0, and the number 29 ends in 1. What is the value of N?

In some number system, the decimal numbers 56 and 45 end in 1. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the decimal numbers 68 and 94 end in 3. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the decimal numbers 41 and 63 end in 8. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the decimal numbers 56 and 124 end in 5. Determine the base of the number system.

The number 68 10 in the base N number system ends in 2 and contains 4 digits. What is the base N of this number system?

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the ternary number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

The number N in base 6 contains two digits, the number in base 5 contains three digits, and the number in base 11 ends in 1. What does N equal? Write the answer in decimal.

The number N in base 7 contains two digits, the number in base 6 contains three digits, and the number in base 13 ends in 3. What is N? Write your answer in decimal notation.

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the hexadecimal number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the decimal number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

Solve the equation
.
Write your answer in the hexadecimal number system. The number system base does not need to be specified.

In the base N number system, the number 79 ends in 2, and the number 111 ends in 1. What is the value of N?

In the base N number system, the number 41 ends in 2, and the number 131 ends in 1. What is the value of N?

In the base N number system, the number 58 ends in 2, and the number 108 ends in 3. What is the value of N?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 1023 + 2 1024 – 3?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 4 2016 + 2 2018 – 6?

How many ones are there in binary notation of the number 4 2014 + 2 2015 – 9?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 4 2015 + 2 2015 – 15?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 2014 – 2614 + 45?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 1014 – 2 530 – 12?

How many ones are there in binary notation of the number 2 2014 – 4 650 – 38?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 4 2018 + 8 305 – 2 130 – 120?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 2018 – 4 1305 + 2 124 – 58?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 4024 – 4 1605 + 2 1024 – 126?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8502 – 4211 + 21536 – 19?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8,415 – 4,162 + 2,543 – 25?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8,115 – 4,123 + 2,543 – 15?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8,125 – 4,156 + 2,632 – 7?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8,148 – 4,123 + 2,654 – 17?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number (2 4400 – 1)·(4 2200 + 2)?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4,350 + 8,340 – 2,320 – 12?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4 590 + 8 350 – 2 1020 – 25?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4,230 + 8,120 – 2,150 – 100?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4 1024 + 8 1025 – 2 1026 – 140?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation of the number 4 2015 + 8 2016 – 2 2017 – 150?

Solve the equation

Solve the equation
. Write your answer in the decimal number system.

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 8,740 – 2,900 + 7?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 8820 – 2760 + 14?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 8560 – 2234 + 56?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 2020 + 4 2017 + 2 6 – 1?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4 16 + 2 36 – 16?

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 4, 2. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of lost symbols are indicated by *:

X=E* 16 = *5* 8 = ***1 4 = *****1** 2

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16 and 8. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of lost symbols are indicated by *:

X= 1*0 16 = 56* 8

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 4. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of lost symbols are indicated by *:

X= *7* 16 = 5*6 8 = ***1* 4

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 2. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of lost symbols are indicated by *:

X= 10****** 2 = *4* 8 = *2 16

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X And Y A* 16 And 1*3 8 . Write down the sign in your answer < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X And Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of the missing characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers F * 16 And 33* 8 . Write down the sign in your answer < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X And Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of the missing characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers 18 * 16 And 72 * 8 . Write down the sign in your answer < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X And Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some symbols were lost during recording. The positions of the missing characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers 34 * 16 And 16 ** 8 . Write down the sign in your answer < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik

X = *** 16 = 4*2 8 .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some of the symbols were lost during recording. The positions of the missing symbols are indicated by *:

X = 3 * 9 16 = 1 * * 8 .

How many numbers correspond to the conditions of the problem?

X = *A 16 = * * * 8 .

How many numbers correspond to the conditions of the problem?

X = * E 16 = 2 * 6 8 .

How many numbers correspond to the conditions of the problem?

X = * 5 16 = *

(E.V. Khlamov) Find the bases of number systems X And Y, if it is known that 87 X =73Y and 62 X =52Y. in your answer write down the number made up of numbers Y And X, written in a row without spaces. For example, if X= 13 And Y= 15 , the answer will be written as 1513.

How many significant zeros are there in the decimal notation of the number 100 2020 20 –10 15 +10?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 49 12 – 7 10 + 7 8 – 49 is written in the base 7 number system. How many digits “6” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 27 4 – 9 5 + 3 8 – 25 is written in the base 3 number system. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 3∙16 8 – 4 5 + 3 written in the number system with base 4. How many digits “3” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 2∙9 10 – 3 5 + 5 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 5∙36 7 + 6 10 – 36 is written in the base 6 number system. How many digits “5” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 4∙125 4 – 25 4 + 9 written in the number system with base 5. How many digits “4” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 2∙27 7 + 3 10 – 9 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “0” are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 4∙25 4 – 5 4 + 14 is written in the number system with base 5. What is the sum of the digits contained in this entry? Give your answer in decimal system.

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 5 – 2 – written in the number system with base 3. How many 2's are there in this entry?

In the base N number system, the number 87 ends in 2 and contains at least three digits. What is the number N?

In the base N number system, the number 87 ends in 2 and contains no more than two digits. What is the number N? If a problem has multiple solutions, choose the smallest one.

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 – 5 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 – 15 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 – 25 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 – 125 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 24 – 6 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 24 – 18 is written in the base 3 number system. How many digits “2” are there in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 22 + 3 66 – 12 is written in the base 3 number system. How many digits “2” are there in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 22 + 3 66 – 18 is written in the base 3 number system. How many digits “2” are there in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 7 + 3 21 – 9 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 7 + 3 21 – 19 is written in the number system with base 3. How many digits “2” are contained in this entry?

Quest Sources:

Demonstration versions of the Unified State Exam 2004-201 6.

Training work of MIOO and Statgrad.

Guseva I.Yu. Unified State Exam. Computer science: practice test handouts. - St. Petersburg: Trigon, 2009.

Samylkina N.N., Ostrovskaya E.M. Computer science: training tasks. – M.: Eksmo, 2009.

Yakushkin P.A., Leshchiner V.R., Kirienko D.P. Unified State Exam 2010. Computer Science. Typical test tasks. - M: Exam, 2010.

Krylov S.S., Leshchiner V.R., Yakushkin P.A. Unified State Exam 2010. Computer science. Universal materials for preparing students / ed. V.R. Leshchinera / FIPI. - M.: Intellect Center, 2010.

Yakushkin P.A., Ushakov D.M. The most complete edition of standard versions of real tasks of the Unified State Exam 2010. Computer Science. - M.: Astrel, 2009.

M.E. Abrahamyan, S.S. Mikhalkovich, Ya.M. Rusanova, M.I. Cherdyntseva. Computer science. Unified State Exam step by step. – M.: Research Institute of School Technologies, 2010.

Churkina T.E. Unified State Exam 2011. Computer Science. Thematic training tasks. - M.: Eksmo, 2010.

Informatics and ICT: Unified State Exam-2012. – St. Petersburg: Education, 2012.

Krylov S.S., Ushakov D.M. Unified State Exam 2015. Computer Science. Thematic test tasks. - M.: Exam, 2015.

Ushakov D.M. Unified State Exam 2015. Computer science. 20 standard options for exam papers to prepare for the Unified State Exam. - M.: Astrel, 2014.

File for lesson 30

Task 1.2. A ticket to the exhibition costs 200 rubles, and for a group visit there is a 20% discount. How many schoolchildren will be able to visit the exhibition if the parent committee allocated 2,300 rubles for this? Answer: 14

Task 1.3. The patient is prescribed a medicine to take 0.5 g 4 times a day for 16 days. One package contains 10 tablets of medicine, 0.5 g each. What is the smallest number of packages that will be enough for the entire course of treatment? Answer: 7

Task 1.4 A pack contains 500 sheets of A4 paper. The office uses 1,200 sheets per week. What is the smallest number of packs of paper that will last 3 weeks? Answer: 8.

Task 1.5 A train ticket for an adult costs 720 rubles. The cost of a ticket for a student is 50% of the cost of a ticket for an adult. The group consists of 15 schoolchildren and 2 adults. How many rubles are tickets for the whole group? Answer: 6840.

Task 1.6. Income tax is 13% of wages. After withholding income tax, Maria Konstantinovna received 9,570 rubles. How many rubles is Maria Konstantinovna’s salary? Answer: 11,000.

Task 1.7 The Moscow-Syktyvkar train departs at 14:01 and arrives at 16:01 the next day (Moscow time). How many hours does the train travel?
Answer: 26.

Task 1.8 At the school, 124 students study French, which is 25% of all school students. How many students are there in the school? Answer: 496.

Task 1.9 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity costs 1 ruble 90 kopecks. The electricity meter on June 1 showed 14,700 kilowatt-hours, and on July 1 showed 14,892 kilowatt-hours. How many rubles do you need to pay for electricity for June? Answer: 364.8.

Task 1.10 The aircraft's navigation system informs the passenger that the flight is at an altitude of 35,000 feet. Express the flight altitude in meters. Consider that 1 foot is equal to 30.5 cm. Answer: 10,675.

Task 1.11 Pavel Ivanovich bought an American car, the speedometer of which shows the speed in miles per hour. What is the speed of the car in kilometers per hour if the speedometer shows 49 miles per hour? Consider that 1 mile is equal to 1609 m. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Answer: 79.

schoolchildren.

Answer: 315

Task 2.1. The figure shows the average monthly air temperature in Sochi for each month of 1920 with bold dots. Months are indicated horizontally, temperatures in degrees Celsius are indicated vertically. For clarity, bold points are connected by a line.

Determine from the figure the difference between the highest and lowest average monthly temperatures for the specified period. Give the answer in degrees Celsius. Answer: 20

Task 2.2 The graph shows the process of warming up a car engine. The x-axis shows the time in minutes that has passed since the engine was started, and the y-axis shows the engine temperature in degrees Celsius. Determine from the graph how many minutes the engine heated from a temperature of 60° to a temperature of 90°. Answer: 3

Answer: 3

Task 3.1 A trapezoid is depicted on checkered paper with squares measuring 1 cm×1 cm (see picture). Find its area in square centimeters. Answer:10

Task 3.2 Find (in cm 2) the area S of the shaded figure depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm by 1 cm (see figure). Write down in your answer. Answer: 0.5

Task 3.3 Find (in cm 2) the area S of the shaded figure depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm 1 cm (see figure). Write down in your answer. Answer: 0.25

Task 3.4 Find the area of a triangle depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm x 1 cm (see figure). Give your answer in square centimeters. Answer: 9

Answer: 0,125

Task 4.1 The performing competition is held over 4 days. A total of 80 performances were announced - one from each country participating in the competition. A performer from Russia is participating in the competition. There are 14 performances on the first day, the rest are distributed equally between the remaining days. The order of performances is determined by drawing lots. What is the probability that a Russian representative will perform on the third day of the competition? Answer: 0.275

Task 4.2 Before the start of the first round of the chess championship, participants are randomly divided into playing pairs using lots. In total, 26 chess players are participating in the championship, including 18 athletes from Russia, including Fedor Volkov. Find the probability that in the first round Fedor Volkov will play with any chess player from Russia. Answer: 0.68.

Task 4.3 8 athletes from Argentina, 6 athletes from Brazil, 5 athletes from Paraguay and 6 from Uruguay are participating in the shot put competition. The order in which the athletes compete is determined by lot. Find the probability that the athlete competing last is from Argentina. Answer: 0.32

Task 4.4 In a shopping center, two identical machines sell coffee. The machines are serviced in the evenings after the center closes. It is known that the probability of the event “By evening the first machine will run out of coffee” is 0.25. The probability of the event “By evening the second machine will run out of coffee” is the same. The probability that both machines will run out of coffee by evening is 0.15. Find the probability that by evening there will be coffee left in both machines. Answer: 0.65.

Task 4.5. There are 21 students in the class, among them two friends - Vadim and Oleg. Students are randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Find the probability that Vadim and Oleg will be in the same group. Answer: 0.3.

Task 4.6 The factory produces bags. On average, 4 bags out of 160 have hidden defects. Find the probability that the purchased bag will be free of defects. Answer: 0.975.

Task 4.7 Before the start of a volleyball match, team captains draw fair lots to determine which team will start the game with the ball. The “Stator” team takes turns playing with the “Rotor”, “Motor” and “Starter” teams. Find the probability that Stator will start only the first and last games. Answer: 0.125.

Task 4.8. The probability that a new scanner will last more than a year is 0.94. The probability that it will last more than two years is 0.87. Find the probability that it will last less than two years but more than a year. Answer:0.07

Task 5.1 Find the root of the equation. Answer: −3.

Task 5.2 Find the root of the equation log 5 (7−2 x) =3log 5 2. Answer: -0.5

Answer: 0,9

Task 6.1 In a triangle ABC corner C equal to 90°,BC =15, tgA =0.75. Find A.C.. Answer: 20.

Task 6.2 The sides of the parallelogram are 9 and 15. The height of the smaller of these sides is 10. Find the height of the larger side of the parallelogram . Answer: 6

Task 6.3 Triangle ABC inscribed in a circle with center O. Corner BAC equals 32.

Find the angle BOC. Give your answer in degrees. Answer: 64

Task 6.4 Tangents C.A. And C.B. form an angle to the circle ACB, equal to 78°. Find the magnitude of the minor arc AB, contracted by points of tangency. Give your answer in degrees. Answer: 102.

Task 6.5 Side AB triangle ABC is equal to 1. The angle opposite to it C equal to 150°. Find the radius of the circle circumscribed about this triangle. Answer: 1.

Task 6.6 into a quadrilateral ABCD a circle is inscribed, AB = 10, CD= 16. Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD. Answer: 52.

Task 7.1 The figure shows a graph of the derivative of the function f(x) defined on the interval (−6;5) . Answer: -5

Exercise 7 .2 The figure shows a graph of y=f "(x) - the derivative of the function f(x).
There are nine points marked on the abscissa axis: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9. How many of these points lie on the decreasing intervals of the function f(x)? Answer: 5

Task 7. 3 The figure shows a graph of the function y=f(x), defined on the interval (− 7; 7). Determine the number of integer points at which the derivative of the function is negative. Answer: 5

Task 7.4 The figure shows a graph of some function y=f(x) (two rays with a common starting point). Using the figure, calculate F (− 1)−F(− 8), where F(x) is one of the antiderivatives of the function f(x). Answer: 20

Task 8

The value of the derivative of a function at a point is the tangent of the angle of inclination of the tangent to the axis drawn through the point

Let's find it (see figure).

To do this, we first find the tangent of the adjacent, acute angle

And since then

Answer:

Answer: 30

Task 8.1 The cone is inscribed in the ball. Base radius

cone is equal to the radius of the ball. The volume of the cone is 47. Find the volume of the sphere. Answer: 188

Task 8.2 In the first cylindrical vessel the liquid level reaches

16 cm. This liquid was poured into a second cylindrical vessel, the diameter of the base of which is 2 times larger than the diameter of the base of the first. At what height will the liquid level be in the second vessel? Express your answer in cm. Answer: 4

Answer: 6

Task 9.1 Find the meaning of the expression . Answer: 7

Task 9.2. Find sin α if cosα = 0.6 and π α 2π. Answer: -0.8

Task 9.3 Find the value of the expression cos 2. Answer: -1.5

Task 10.

Answer: 2

Task 10.1 A car accelerates on a straight section of highway with a constant

acceleration a= 4500 km/h2. Speed v(in km/h) is calculated by the formula

v= , Where l- distance traveled by the vehicle (in km). Find how many

the car will have traveled kilometers by the time it accelerates

up to a speed of 90 km/h. Answer: 0.9

Task 10.2 The locator of a bathyscaphe, uniformly plunging vertically downwards, emits an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of 749 MHz. The receiver registers the frequency

signal reflected from the ocean floor. Submersion speed of the bathyscaphe (in m/s)

and frequencies are related by , where c = 1500 m/s - speed of sound in water; f 0 - frequency of the emitted signal (in MHz); f- frequency of the reflected signal (in MHz). Find the frequency of the reflected signal (in MHz) if the submersible sinks at a speed of 2 m/s. Answer: 751

Task 11.

Answer: 104

Task 11. 1 The boat left the point at 8:00 A to point B, located 15 km from the point A. Having stayed at the point B 2 hours, the boat went back and returned to the point A at 20:00. Determine (in km/hour) the speed of the river flow, if it is known that the boat’s own speed is 4 km/h. Answer: 2

Task 11.2 In the spring, the boat moves against the river flow 1 times slower than with the flow. In summer, the current becomes 1 km/h slower. Therefore, in summer the boat goes against the current 1 times slower than with the current. Find the speed of the current in spring (in km/h). Answer: 5

Task 11.3. The first and second pumps fill the pool in 6 minutes, the second and third in 7 minutes, the first and third in 21 minutes. How many minutes will it take these three pumps to fill the pool working together? Answer: 5,6

(km/h).

Answer:

Answer: -14

Task 12.1 Find the smallest value of the function y=(x−11)e x −10 on the segment .Answer: -1

Task 12.2 Find the minimum point of the function y = (1-2x )cos x + 2sinx +7. Answer:

Task 12.3 Find the greatest value of the function y=25x−25tgx+41 on the line. Answer: -3