Professional categories for teachers were introduced in the first half of the 1990s: 16 categories, the 14th corresponded to the highest category... This system is still being modified and improved, but almost always the certification procedure itself causes at least concern among teachers, and for some – real fear and panic. How can we ensure that certification objectively confirms the pedagogical and personal maturity of a teacher, and does not serve as a punitive sword? Honored Teacher of Russia, Candidate of Psychological Sciences Alexander Snegurov shared his thoughts.
Returning labor training to schools is a requirement of life itself. But now the curriculum includes technology instead of labor lessons. The topics are close, but in reality it is a boring theoretical subject. And children need practical experience of real work with real tools. The country also needs this, because in three or four years the market will experience an acute shortage of young and ready-to-work personnel. What needs to be changed for this? The answer is in the article by Vladimir Semenikhin.
Being athletic is just as prestigious and fashionable as being well-read and witty. At least this is the case in schools in England. And in Japan, more than 40% of high school students go in for sports at least nine hours a week... At the same time, in Russian schools it is not shameful to “skip physical education”, as long as there is a convincing excuse or certificate. Sergei Rykov reflected on why foreign teachers are much more effective at motivating schoolchildren to strain not only their brains, but also their muscles.
The national examination in the discipline “history” is not compulsory - this subject is taken at the choice of the graduate. According to official statistics from previous years, about a fifth of schoolchildren choose history. First of all, these are students who have chosen their future profession in the fields of law, linguistics, design and architecture.
This subject cannot be considered easy - exam questions require excellent memory and processing of a large amount of information. Research from past years suggests that the average score in this discipline ranges from 45 to 55. The number of students who could not cope with the tasks submitted for the national examination is quite large and amounts to approximately 10% of the total number.
The Unified State Exam in history is considered difficult - 10% of students cannot pass it!
Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2016
Unified State Exam dates in history
Early period
- March 23, 2016 (Wed) - Main Exam
- April 22, 2016 (Fri) - Reserve
Main stage
- June 16, 2016 (Thu) - Main Exam
- June 24, 2016 (Fri) - Reserve
Changes in the history exam
In 2016, tasks in which students were required to choose one answer from four offered were completely excluded from the history exam. A number of tasks on knowledge of dates, processes, historical figures and facts from cultural history, as well as on working with textual historical sources, were added to the first part of the exam paper. In the second part, a task on writing a short historical essay has been added. The exam time has been increased compared to 2015.
General information
The time allotted for the history exam in 2016 is 235 minutes. During this time, students will have to solve 25 tasks, 19 of them with short answers, and 6 with long answers.
- Part 1 (tasks 1-19)– serve to test basic and advanced knowledge of the subject. Solving each of them should take 3-7 minutes;
- Part 2 (tasks 20-24)– are characterized by a higher level of complexity and require the student to formulate the correct answer, which must be entered on a special sheet. Each of these tasks takes 5-20 minutes to complete;
- Part 2 (task 25)– historical essay (VIII - beginning of the XXI century; the examinee can independently choose three periods in the history of Russia that will appear in the essay). You can spend 40-80 minutes on this task.
To get a good grade on your essay, you will need:
- Indicate the main events of these periods;
- Mention a number of historical figures and explain their role in the above events;
- Observe cause-and-effect relationships;
- Assess how this period influenced the history of Russia;
- Use historical terminology correctly;
- Avoid factual errors;
- Maintain a form of presentation acceptable to readers.
To successfully pass the Unified State Exam in History, get ready to write an essay! Each of the points will be assessed separately, and in total the essay can bring 11 primary points. By the way, the minimum test score required for this subject is 32 (which is equal to 13 primary points out of 53 maximum). The time allotted for students to take the test is 235 minutes.
How to prepare?
A large number of tasks requires proper allocation of time to solve them. This is one of the main difficulties of this discipline. It is difficult for schoolchildren to prepare themselves to take a test under stressful conditions, and the number of questions can cause panic even in a well-prepared student. To solve this problem and successfully prepare for passing this subject, you should work on a demo version of testing.
The materials that you can download on our website fully correspond to the real exam in their complexity, edition and structure. Competent and systematic preparation for the Unified State Exam in history will give you the opportunity not to waste precious exam time studying the instructions for the ticket and will immediately set you up for the correct interpretation of the questions.
(1)In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<…>urban residents often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided. (3) At the same time, the terrain of Greece was not favorable for agriculture: approximately three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) About three quarters territories Ancient Greece occupied mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
2) Agriculture, despite the fact that relief did not contribute to development agriculture, was the main one in Ancient Greece.
3) B Ancient Greece city residents often used fruits of agricultural activity.
4) Basic source of human existence V Ancient Greece was Agriculture, although relief was unfavorable for agriculture.
5) Basic source of livelihood for city residents Ancient Greece was Agriculture.
In carrying out this task, first of all try to find two identical statements without reading the text. If you find it difficult to grasp the idea of the text right away, highlight the key words, as we did. Look at the highlighted words. It is obvious that the keywords completely coincided in sentences 2 and 4. In 1 there are no fruits of agriculture, in 3 and 5 there is no relief.
Now check your version by reading the text, and we will be convinced that we are right.
Answer: 24
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
And although
If
Even
Just
If only
This task needs no explanation. Either you are a native Russian speaker or you are not. Obviously, the only word that fits is even.
Answer: even.
Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOURCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SOURCE, -a; m.
1) That which gives rise to something., where something comes from. I. light. I. all evil.
2) Written monument, the document on which scientific research is based. Sources for the history of the region. Use all available sources.
3) The one who gives smb. intelligence about smth. He is reliable and... Information from the right source.
4) Water jet, coming to the surface from underground. Healing and. Hot and. I. mineral water.
So, we have a sentence "In Ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source human existence." and a dictionary entry interpreting the word SOURCE. This task concerns polysemantic words. You need to determine in what meaning the word is implemented in this text. Highlight the key word in each paragraph (in scientific terms - a categorical seme). It's a no brainer, that the source of existence cannot in any way be a written monument or the one who gives information. Options 2 and 3 are eliminated. A stream of water, in principle, can be a source of existence. But the text does not talk about water. But agriculture gives rise to a normal life ancient Greeks.
Answer: 1.
4
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
Busy
to the bottom
gave
Let's call
blinds
This is an easy question. Everyone knows that it is correct to “call”. In general, if question 4 causes you difficulty, purchase our spelling simulator, and you will be happy. In an hour you will remember all the correct accents.
Answer: we call.
One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct a lexical error by choosing
to the highlighted word paronym. Write down the chosen word.
Soon cellular subscribers will be able to pay for metro travel from their phones.
HUMANISM as a concept and way of human existence, having emerged in the Renaissance, runs through the entire history of mankind.
My classmate WEARED a Santa Claus costume and congratulated the town residents.
Even in the era of PRACTICAL people, those who fight injustice appear.
FRIENDLY relationships can exist between like-minded people.
To answer the fifth question of the test, you need to familiarize yourself with the paronymic minimum for 2016, posted on the FIPI website. Let us remember that paronyms are similar, but still different words. Their meanings may be almost the same, or they may be very different. In order to catch the difference, you need to know well the meanings of all the words from the paronymic minimum.
The word "dressed" is used incorrectly here. Although we often say this, it’s still correct to put it on. They dress the person, put on clothes and shoes. It’s easy to remember: “put on clothes, put on Hope.”
Answer: put it on.
In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
THEIR sisters
drink from SAUCERS
no BOOTS
even RICHER
about FIVE HUNDRED people
This task concerns the form of words. There are a lot of rules governing the choice of word form. They are studied in courses on the stylistics of the Russian language and the culture of speech. These rules appear sporadically in school textbooks, so full responsibility for preparing for this task lies with the school teacher and, of course, with yourself. If you realize that you don’t know this material, start studying immediately. We have a recording of a webinar on this topic on our website. Buy a subscription to access webinars and recordings and watch the lecture, because we won’t be able to quickly explain why this is the answer.
Answer: saucer.
Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: to each position of the first
column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
|
Grammatical errors B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition D) error in sentence construction |
Offers 1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How for supporting, so and to restore the numbers of rare animal species that are in danger of extinction. 2) Everyone who I listened to the professor’s speech and was once again surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech. 3), a misconception is created about the size of the Moon. 4) wait until you are introduced. 6) A. Baushev’s article attracted the attention of the Kursk governor, who wished to meet the young author. 7) I'm surprised asked, that where is the fortress. Not only nobility and honesty, A servility and sycophancy. 9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul. |
This is a really difficult task. And, please note, the material is not included in school textbooks. Classification of grammatical errors - university material. So, if you want to study this topic seriously, take a reference book on practical stylistics for philology and journalism departments. Fortunately, FIPI did not select all types of errors. So, at least to a first approximation, you can study this topic before the exam. Again, you can watch recordings of our webinars in the Webinars section.
A) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
Are looking for:
a) breaks the main clause with subordinate clauses and see if the subjects and predicates in each pair agree (these are constructions like Those who... Many of those who... All who);
b) abbreviations, define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
c) geographical names, determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), see if this subject agrees with the predicate by gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), see if these words are consistent with the predicate by gender. A list of such words is in the same stylistics reference books or in our course Preparing for the Unified State Exam 2016.
Of all the above in the sentences we find only the construction everyone who... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully: " All , who listened speech by the professor, once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech." The bases of 2 sentences are highlighted in color. In the base of the main sentence, the subject and predicate "everything was" are not consistent in number.
A - 2. After making a decision, do not forget to cross out these options in the CIMs so that they no longer bother you.
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Come across especially often thanks, in agreement, in spite of. These prepositions require the dative case. Let's see if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: “Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training.” Let's look at what case the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations. Genitive case, a d.b. dative.
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
First of all, find sentences that contain an adverbial phrase. Their M.B. some. Let us recall the questions of gerunds: doing what? what did you do?
We have 2 sentences with participial phrases:
3) Low on the horizon, creates a misconception about the size of the Moon.
4) Finding yourself in the house of strangers, wait until you are introduced.
We emphasize the basics: “a view is being created” and “wait.” We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If you see something impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Participial phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now we make sure that the action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject. The view cannot be low on the horizon. While you wait, you may end up in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words “said”, “asked”, “thought”, “wrote”, etc. We don't have quotes. But the word “asked” is there.
7) I'm surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid of direct and indirect speech.
D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences that generally have homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence of double conjunctions in sentences (not only..., but also..., both..., and..., not so much..., but..., etc.)
We have already dropped offers 2, 5, 3, 7. There are no homogeneous members in 4, 6. We look carefully at the remaining proposals:
1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How for supporting , so and to restore the numbers of rare animal species that are in danger of extinction.
8) In Famus society they are valued Not only nobility and honesty, Aservility and sycophancy.
9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul.
We look at the meaning of homogeneous members and make sure that they do not correlate as part and whole, gender and species, and do not turn out to be verbs of different types or with different controls. Let's look at unions. So. There are no such conjunctions as “not only..., but...” or “not only..., but...”. This is our mistake.
Answer: 25378
8.
Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
Try...to try
be proud
bicycle..ped
national..national
adr..poke
To answer this question we need to remember. The root here is ber-bir. It is written bir, because there is a suffix A.
Answer: make your way.
Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
O..gave, by..crossed - the prefixes from and under do not change
pr..krepil, pr..grada - learn the meaning of the prefixes PRE and PR. Attached - meaning "attachment", obstruction - meaning close to PERE
and..tormented, ra..burned - Tormented - voiceless S before voiceless T, rajog - voiced Z before voiced F
pos..yesterday, r..collected - pose, times - unchangeable prefixes
for..played, pod..skat - played - the prefix ends in a vowel, at the root I, find - the Russian prefix ends in a consonant.
Answer: sorted it out the day before yesterday
Doctor...
get upset
double..double
unpretentious
smiling
This and task 11 are best completed by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct version. But, of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with I and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.
Answer: heal.
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
Dry..sew
laid out..sew
jump out..sh
independent
feed..seat
Here we had to remember that the verbs “shave” and “lay” belong to the 1st conjugation.
Answer: you will lay it out
Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
M. Gorky received (NOT) LESS than five or six letters every day.
The air, which has not yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing.
(NOT) PICK IN THE SKY, GIVE THE TIT IN YOUR HANDS.
(IN)CORRECT, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is a (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, but a thirst for power.
When completing this task, to avoid confusion, first number the sentences or put parentheses:
1. M. Gorky received every day (NOT) LESS five or six letters.
2. Air, not yet (NOT) BECOME sultry, pleasantly refreshing.
3. (NOT) SULI pie in the sky, give the bird in your hands.
4. (IN)CORRECT, But Pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
5. Ambition is the (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, A thirst for power.
Now let's talk. Read all the highlighted words and identify them. Are they all used without NOT? Everything is here, but often the correct answer can be discovered at this stage.
See if we have pronouns (except negative ones). There are no such. Let us remind you that pronouns are NOT written separately. Negatives have their own rule.
Are there any words with hyphens (not always separated from them). There are no such.
Now let's see if there are unions A and BUT. Eat! in 4 and 5 sentences. We know that with the conjunction A NOT is written separately, and with BUT it is written together. We have the correct answer, but we still need to check all the other options.
1. The value of the degree is separate.
2. Participle with a dependent word - separately.
3. Not with a verb - separately
Answer: incorrect.
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
1. (B)CONTINUED She was mostly silent during the conversation, and it was difficult for me to understand WHY (WHY) she came.
2. (BY) the way this person behaves, it is clear that he is (IN) EVERYTHING used to being the first.
3. Lake Beloye (FROM) is charming because (IN) AROUND it there is dense, varied vegetation.
4. It's hard to even imagine TO) happened to me IF the ship was late.
5. (BY) BECAUSE L.N. was silent in concentration. Tolstoy, his relatives could guess (HOW) HOW hard his brain is working now.
Again, we number or delimit the sentences and begin to reason.
First, find words that are exactly spelled with a hyphen (it's easier). But there are none here.
Look for the words "During(s)" and "in continuation(s)". They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such a thing. Sentence 1 can be crossed out.
See if there are words WHAT(WHAT), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). Everything is simple with them too. See if you can remove the particle. There is something like this in sentence 4. The particle can be removed or rearranged: what would not happen to me. Cross out the 4th.
Now we have to think about the meaning. There is the way this person carries himself (that manner, that way). There is how intensely Tolstoy is silent. And the reason doesn't matter here. 2 and 5 are eliminated. That leaves 3. You can argue about (FROM) THAT, but we know everything else for sure. This task is solved by the method of elimination.
Answer: because around
Indicate the number(s) replaced by N.
In some of Rembrandt’s paintings there is a subterranean festiveness: even the shadowed silhouettes of people are filled with the warmth and breath of chiaroscuro.
1 - N+N (the root goes back to the old - tench - a torture stick).
2. participle with prefix - NN
3. short participle - N
Answer: 3
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory and he wrote the laughing priest precisely from memory.
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow.
4) I excitedly examined the house and the paintings in it and its inhabitants.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life.
Let's place the signs:
1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members. - homogeneous members with a repeating union.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory, and he painted the laughing priest precisely from memory. - we separate 2 simple sentences, SSP
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow. - there are no signs, And in different rows of homogeneous ones.
4) I excitedly examined the house, the paintings in it, and its inhabitants. - repeating conjunctions again, but now there are 3 homogeneous terms and 2 commas.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life. - again And in different rows of homogeneous ones. The test writer has no imagination.
Answer: 12
16
All events (1) considered (2) and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev(3) they clothed themselves in artistic images (4) rising to the heights of philosophical generalization.
Here we have 2 participial phrases after the words being defined. Comma 2 is not placed between homogeneous ones with a single conjunction I. Legkotnya.
Answer: 134
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.
While engaged in literary creativity, V.I. Dahl (1) Certainly(2) he considered the main work of his life to be the creation of the “Dictionary of the Living
Great Russian language". First word for this book (3) according to the memoirs of contemporaries(4) he recorded at the age of eighteen.
The introductory word and introductory expression are separated by commas on both sides. To recognize introductory words, learn them. .
Answer: 1234
Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stayed with Demuth (1) whose hotel (2) at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg.
In this task, the subordinate clause is always introduced by the pronoun “which”, which is not in first place in the subordinate clause. This is an easy task. As a rule, there are no commas before or after the word “which”. But it’s better to analyze it and draw a diagram if in doubt.
Answer: 1
19
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
[ Sergeev came ashore ] (1) but ((2) when I saw an unfamiliar Chinese man on a huge pile of oranges at the pier ) (3) [ then suddenly I felt piercingly and clearly ] (4) ( how far is his homeland from him? ) .
This is a difficult task. Be sure to do a syntactic analysis and draw a diagram or at least place brackets in the sentence to understand each conjunction.
We should be wary of the BUT WHEN construction, because this is often what the junction of conjunctions connecting sentences looks like.
Before BUT, always cold-hearted.
Whether to put a comma between BUT and WHEN is controversial. If we assume that BUT connects sentences 1 and 3 (as we did), then you need to try to take out the subordinate clause and read the sentence without it: Sergeev went ashore, but suddenly he felt piercingly and clearly... In general, it sounds crooked. Since the clause cannot be removed painlessly, we do not put a comma between BUT and WHEN.
However, there is another way of reasoning. What if BUT connects not sentences, but homogeneous predicates: Sergeev went out, but felt "? Then a comma is needed. If BUT is not involved in connecting sentences, the rule about joining conjunctions does not need to be applied.
We still settled on the first option; part of the conjunction TO prevents the sentence from being complete. If someone offers their arguments in favor of the 2nd comma, we will listen with great attention. Write in the comments.
Commas 3 and 4 are needed in any case. They share offers and there is no reason not to put them.
Answer: 134
20
Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
2) The narrator does not agree with Lazar Borisovich’s opinion that only knowledge of life will help one become a real writer.
5) A real writer must be a real hard worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.
Many were alarmed by paragraph 4, because the text did not directly say that the narrator wants to go to university to become a writer. But from the text it is clear that the pharmacist has known the boy for a long time and, most likely, knows about the boy’s intentions to go to university. See sentence 10. The point is slippery, but we still choose 4.
Answer: 345
21.
Which of the following statements are true? Indicate the answer numbers.
1) Sentences 4–6 contain a description of a person’s appearance.
2) Sentences 7–9 contain a description.
3) Sentences 30–32 contain reasoning.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning.
(4) He wore a student jacket. (5)On his wide nose barely holding on pince-nez on a black ribbon. (6) There was a pharmacist a short, stocky and very sarcastic man. - it is obvious that there is a description of the person.
(7) Somehow I let's go to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy for powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She has migraine started. (9)Rubbing powders for Aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked with me. - the actions of the characters are listed, there is no description.
(30)He must there is so much to know that it’s even scary to think about. (31) He must understand everything! (32) He must work like an ox and don't chase glory! - we are talking about obligation, and not about real actions, there is no description: this is reasoning.
(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I knew almost nothing and had not yet thought about many important things. - the boy agrees with the pharmacist, there is no opposition.
(55) I knew that never to anyone I will not believe, Who would to me didn't say anything, what is this life– with her love, the desire for truth and happiness, with her lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night – devoid of meaning and reason. (56)Every from U.S must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of your days. - we are not talking about real actions, but about hypothetical and necessary ones; reasoning about the meaning of life confirms the hypothesis: here is reasoning.
Answer: 135
22.
Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 1–6.
(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist’s name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first sight he was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.
We are looking for stable expressions. There is one thing here, you can’t confuse it.
Answer: at first glance.
Among sentences 1–6, find one that is related to the previous one using possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) Called this pharmacist Lazar Borisovich. (3)At first sight This there was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5)On his His wide nose could barely hold his pince-nez on the black ribbon. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.
We circle all the pronouns and everything that looks like them. Let's see which word answers whose questions? whose? whose? This is the word in sentence 5. There are no options here. But the word HIS is not always a possessive pronoun. Please note: next to it may be the sentence ОН in the genitive case. For example: only his and saw it! Whose question? won't fit anymore.
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Paste
in place of gaps (A, B, C, D) there are numbers corresponding to the numbers of terms from the list. Write down in the table under each letter
the corresponding number. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with those given in the form.
samples.
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, the tropes: (A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), technique - (C)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of the pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. A syntactic means of expression such as (G)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49) helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards the young interlocutor.”
List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members
2) interrogative sentences
3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litotes
6) metaphor
7) exclamatory sentences
8) opposition
9) epithet
To complete this task, first look for clues. In the text with gaps there may be terms: tropes, syntactic device, lexical device, device. These are the tips. If you decide on a match, you will have to choose not from 9, but from 2-4 terms.
Hints given:
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, trails:(A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), reception- (B)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of a pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. The following helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards his young interlocutor: syntactic device expressiveness, like (D)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49).”
Let's define the terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members - a syntactic means
2) interrogative sentences are a syntactic device
3) irony - trope
4) introductory words - syntactic means
5) litotes - trope
6) metaphor - trope
7) exclamatory sentences - a syntactic device
8) opposition - technique
9) epithet - trope
Download the table of terms correspondence
It is immediately clear that the only technique can be opposition. You don't even have to look at the text. AT 8.
Now choose:
“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person” - either irony, or litotes, or a metaphor, or an epithet. Litotes disappears immediately, there is no understatement here, litotes are generally extremely rare in texts. Metaphor and irony are associated with transfer by meaning; there are no transfers here. What remains is the epithet. A - 9.
(39) So that life permeates you! What remains is metaphor, irony and litotes. Litota again immediately disappears. There is no irony here, but there is a metaphor. B - 6.
(48) I’m glad! (49) You see!
In these 2 short sentences we are looking for series of homogeneous members, introductory sentences, question words and exclamatory sentences. In order to recognize exclamation marks, you don’t even have to graduate from school. Of course, G - 7.
Answer: 9687
25.
Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
1) Lazar Borisovich was a rural pharmacist, although all his life he dreamed of being involved in literary creativity and even published some of his works.
2) The narrator does not agree with the opinion of Lazar Borisovich that only knowledge of life will help you become a real writer.
3) A village pharmacist came to the house of the narrator’s relatives.
4) The narrator graduated from high school and was going to go to university to later become a writer.
5) A real writer must be a real worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.
There are only 2 theses here, but they are about the same thing.
Of course, this text is both about the importance of choosing a life path and the complexity of this choice.
And at the end there is something about the meaning of life, but this will be very far-fetched.
Still, we would focus on the abstracts from task 20. The author’s position for K3 is clearly expressed there.
What arguments to give. We need examples of real writers who have studied life. The novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” and the biography of its author are ideal. You can take M. Gorky's "Childhood", "In People". As a negative example, Ryukhin from “The Master and Margarita” (a little far-fetched, but it will do). A second example would be a biography of any writer who you believe studied life and then wrote about it. For example, Vladislav Krapivin created the “Caravelle” detachment, built yachts with children, taught members of the detachment to fencing, and went on hikes. Of course, it was easy for him to write for children. "The Boy with the Sword" is a novel about squad life. A.S. Makarenko writes the novel “Pedagogical Poem” about the re-education of juvenile offenders in a children’s labor colony, the creator and director of which in the 20s of the twentieth century was the author himself. The famous story of the same Paustovsky “Telegram” was written based on a real story, which Konstantin Georgievich learned about while traveling around the country. Remember the writers who went through the war and wrote about the war. There are plenty of examples.
A) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
a) breaks the main clause with subordinate clauses and see if the subjects and predicates agree in each pair (this
constructions like Those who... Many of those who.... All who);
b) abbreviations, define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
c) geographical names, we determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), look,
whether this subject agrees with the predicate in gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), see if these words are consistent with the predicate by gender.
Of all the above in the sentences we find only the construction everyone who... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully:
"All , who listened speech by the professor, once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech." In color
The basics of 2 sentences are highlighted. At the heart of the main sentence, the subject and predicate “everything was” are not consistent in number.
A - 2. After making a decision, do not forget to cross out the options in KIMakheti so that they no longer bother you.
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Come across especially often thanks, in agreement, in spite of . These prepositions require a dative
case. Let's see if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: "Contrary to the recommendations of doctors
the athlete did not reduce the load during training." Let's look at what case the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations.
Genitive case, a d.b. dative.
B - 5
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
First of all, find sentences that contain an adverbial phrase. Their M.B. some. Let us recall the questions of participles:
doing what? what did you do?
We have 2 sentences with participial phrases:
3)Low above the horizon is being created incorrect performance about the size of the Moon.
4)Finding yourself in the house of strangers , wait when you are introduced.
We emphasize the basics: “a view is being created” and “wait.” We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If
you will see the impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Use participial phrases in impersonal proposals are not allowed. Now let's see
so that the action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject. View cannot be located
low above the horizon. While you wait, you may end up in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.
IN - 3.
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words “said”, “asked”, “thought”, “wrote”, etc. We don't have quotes. But the word “asked” is there.
7) I'm surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid from
direct and indirect speech.
G - 7.
D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences that generally have homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence in
sentences of double conjunctions (not only..., but also..., both..., and...., not so much..., but..., etc.)
We have already dropped offers 2, 5, 3, 7. There are no homogeneous members in 4, 6. We look carefully at the remaining proposals:
1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How For maintenance, so for recovery number of rare species of animals under