Enough level
1.Which method of heat transfer is the heating of solids based on?
Answer: heating of solids occursthanks tothermal conductivity
2.Which way does heat transfer occur in liquids?
Answer: Heat transfer in liquids occurs by convection
3.Name a possible method of heat transfer between bodies,
separated by airless space.
Answer: heat transfer between bodies separated by airless space
possiblethroughradiation
4. Why are sewer and water pipes buried in the ground to a considerable depth?
the water in the pipes will not freeze
5.In industrial refrigerators, the air is cooled using pipes through which cooled liquid flows. Where should these pipes be located: at the top or bottom of the room?
Answer: the pipes through which the cooled liquid flows should be located at the top of the room
because cooled air has more density and therefore sinks down
6.What method of heat transfer allows people to warm themselves by the fire?
Answer: people warm themselves by the fire thanks to radiation
7. To ensure that the surface of a body, for example an airship, is heated by the sun as little as possible, it is covered with paint. What paint should I choose for this: white, yellow, silver?
Answer: for this you should choose silver paint,
which heats up less when exposed to sunlight
8. Why do aspen leaves fluctuate in calm weather?
Answer: in summer the earth's surface heats up,
in this case, convection air currents are formed,
which act on aspen leaves
9. In what case will a heated part cool faster: if it is placed on a wooden stand?
or on a steel plate?
Answer: if a heated part is placed on a steel plate, it will cool faster,
because steel has good thermal conductivity, and the heat transfer process will proceed quickly
10. Why do locals in Central Asian countries wear papa hats and cotton robes during extreme heat?
Answer: papa hats and cotton robes
prevents the human body from heating up
Average level
1.Why do they prefer to use a wooden stirrer when making jam?
Answer: wood has poor thermal conductivity and the stirrer does not heat up
2. Why don’t potatoes buried in a hole for the winter freeze?
Answer: the earth has low thermal conductivity, so in severe frosts
potatoes won't freeze
3.What is the purpose of the thick layer of subcutaneous fat in whales, seals and other animals living in the waters of the polar seas?
Answer: thick layer of subcutaneous fat in whales and seals has poor thermal conductivity
and therefore it does not lead to hypothermia of the animal’s body in cold water
4. How will the temperature of a body change if it absorbs more radiation energy than it emits?
Answer: if a body absorbs more radiation energy than it emits,
then it heats up
5. In which kettle will the water cool faster: a pure white one or a smoked one?
Answer: a smoked kettle radiates better and therefore the water in it cools faster
6.The upper part of the test tube with ice was placed in the flame.
Will the ice at the bottom of the test tube melt?
Answer: the ice at the bottom of the test tube will not meltbecause the heated layers of water,
rise upward, and the temperature of the lower layers of water does not change because liquids have poor thermal conductivity
7.For what purpose is the face sometimes lubricated with a thick cream in winter when it’s very cold?
Answer: fat cream has poor thermal conductivity, and therefore
prevents cooling of the skin on the face
8. If a clear night is expected in spring or autumn, gardeners build fires that produce a lot of smoke,
enveloping plant. For what?
Answer: At night, the earth's surface loses energy through convection and radiation;
smoke does not transmit thermal radiation well and disrupts convection air flows
9. Why does it feel cold even from well-sealed windows in winter?
Answer: Room air cools greatly near the surface of the glass, and convective currents begin to circulate in the room. And the greater the temperature difference between the cold and warm air in the room, the stronger the drafts will be
10.The earth continuously radiates energy into outer space. Why doesn't the Earth freeze?
Answer: because the Earth heats up due to the sun's rays
High level
1.Which bodies - solid, liquid or gaseous - have the best thermal conductivity?
Answer: Solids have better thermal conductivity because the distance between the molecules is less than the size of the molecules themselves, they interact well with each other
2. A strip of paper tightly wrapped around a copper rod and placed briefly into the burner flame does not ignite or char. If you use a wooden rod instead of a copper rod, the paper will quickly ignite. Explain the reason for the observed phenomenon.
Answer:wooden rod has poor thermal conductivity, so a strip of paper quickly heats up in the burner flame and becomes charred;
copper rod has good thermal conductivity, so most of the energy goes to heating the rod; the strip of paper does not light up
3.Which type of heat transfer is accompanied by the transfer of matter?
Answer: convection is accompanied by the transfer of matter
4. Why do deserts have a very large daily temperature range?
Answer: in the desert there is no vegetation that has poor thermal conductivity;
therefore, sand quickly loses energy at night through convection and radiation
5.What bodies emit energy?
Answer: any heated body is a source of radiation; the more the body is heated, the more powerful the radiation flux it creates.
6.Using a thermal imager (night vision device), you can detect various bodies,
even slightly heated, regardless of whether these bodies are illuminated or are in complete darkness. What physical phenomenon is used in these devices?
Answer: any heated body is a source of radiation;
a night vision device detects this radiation and makes it visible
7. Why do metal objects seem colder in the cold than wood or cork? At what temperature will metal objects appear hotter?
Answer: at temperatures above 40°C in contact with a metal object
The heat exchange process occurs faster, the human body heats up faster
8.Why do we feel warmer in a room at 20°C?
than in water at a temperature of 25°C?
Answer: water has better thermal conductivity than air, heat exchange occurs faster,\
the human body cools down faster
9.When is it more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor - during the day or at night?
Answer: it is more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor during the day, when the land is warmed up faster by the sun, the heated air rises, and is replaced, from the sea, by a stream of cold air - the daytime breeze (?)
10.How do you set up a greenhouse? Why is the air temperature inside greenhouses higher than outside?
Answer: Greenhouses are used to protect plants from frost.
Glass frames allow solar radiation to pass through well. During the day the soil warms up.
At night, the greenhouse prevents warm air from moving upward. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than in the surrounding area.
the glass is transparent to solar radiation and allows it to pass freely into the greenhouse, and then this radiation is absorbed by the soil. Heated soil also emits heat, but in the infrared range, and this radiation is delayed by glass. Then cooling of the air in the greenhouse can only occur by thermal conduction from the glass to the outside, which is much slower)
Enough level
1.Which method of heat transfer is the heating of solids based on?
Answer: heating of solids occursthanks tothermal conductivity
2.Which way does heat transfer occur in liquids?
Answer: Heat transfer in liquids occurs by convection
3.Name a possible method of heat transfer between bodies,
separated by airless space.
Answer: heat transfer between bodies separated by airless space
possiblethroughradiation
4. Why are sewer and water pipes buried in the ground to a considerable depth?
the water in the pipes will not freeze
5.In industrial refrigerators, the air is cooled using pipes through which cooled liquid flows. Where should these pipes be located: at the top or bottom of the room?
Answer: the pipes through which the cooled liquid flows should be located at the top of the room
because cooled air has more density and therefore sinks down
6.What method of heat transfer allows people to warm themselves by the fire?
Answer: people warm themselves by the fire thanks to radiation
7. To ensure that the surface of a body, for example an airship, is heated by the sun as little as possible, it is covered with paint. What paint should I choose for this: white, yellow, silver?
Answer: for this you should choose silver paint,
which heats up less when exposed to sunlight
8. Why do aspen leaves fluctuate in calm weather?
Answer: in summer the earth's surface heats up,
in this case, convection air currents are formed,
which act on aspen leaves
9. In what case will a heated part cool faster: if it is placed on a wooden stand?
or on a steel plate?
Answer: if a heated part is placed on a steel plate, it will cool faster,
because steel has good thermal conductivity, and the heat transfer process will proceed quickly
10. Why do locals in Central Asian countries wear papa hats and cotton robes during extreme heat?
Answer: papa hats and cotton robes
prevents the human body from heating up
Average level
1.Why do they prefer to use a wooden stirrer when making jam?
Answer: wood has poor thermal conductivity and the stirrer does not heat up
2. Why don’t potatoes buried in a hole for the winter freeze?
Answer: the earth has low thermal conductivity, so in severe frosts
potatoes won't freeze
3.What is the purpose of the thick layer of subcutaneous fat in whales, seals and other animals living in the waters of the polar seas?
Answer: thick layer of subcutaneous fat in whales and seals has poor thermal conductivity
and therefore it does not lead to hypothermia of the animal’s body in cold water
4. How will the temperature of a body change if it absorbs more radiation energy than it emits?
Answer: if a body absorbs more radiation energy than it emits,
then it heats up
5. In which kettle will the water cool faster: a pure white one or a smoked one?
Answer: a smoked kettle radiates better and therefore the water in it cools faster
6.The upper part of the test tube with ice was placed in the flame.
Will the ice at the bottom of the test tube melt?
Answer: the ice at the bottom of the test tube will not meltbecause the heated layers of water,
rise upward, and the temperature of the lower layers of water does not change because liquids have poor thermal conductivity
7.For what purpose is the face sometimes lubricated with a thick cream in winter when it’s very cold?
Answer: fat cream has poor thermal conductivity, and therefore
prevents cooling of the skin on the face
8. If a clear night is expected in spring or autumn, gardeners build fires that produce a lot of smoke,
enveloping plant. For what?
Answer: At night, the earth's surface loses energy through convection and radiation;
smoke does not transmit thermal radiation well and disrupts convection air flows
9. Why does it feel cold even from well-sealed windows in winter?
Answer: Room air cools greatly near the surface of the glass, and convective currents begin to circulate in the room. And the greater the temperature difference between the cold and warm air in the room, the stronger the drafts will be
10.The earth continuously radiates energy into outer space. Why doesn't the Earth freeze?
Answer: because the Earth heats up due to the sun's rays
High level
1.Which bodies - solid, liquid or gaseous - have the best thermal conductivity?
Answer: Solids have better thermal conductivity because the distance between the molecules is less than the size of the molecules themselves, they interact well with each other
2. A strip of paper tightly wrapped around a copper rod and placed briefly into the burner flame does not ignite or char. If you use a wooden rod instead of a copper rod, the paper will quickly ignite. Explain the reason for the observed phenomenon.
Answer:wooden rod has poor thermal conductivity, so a strip of paper quickly heats up in the burner flame and becomes charred;
copper rod has good thermal conductivity, so most of the energy goes to heating the rod; the strip of paper does not light up
3.Which type of heat transfer is accompanied by the transfer of matter?
Answer: convection is accompanied by the transfer of matter
4. Why do deserts have a very large daily temperature range?
Answer: in the desert there is no vegetation that has poor thermal conductivity;
therefore, sand quickly loses energy at night through convection and radiation
5.What bodies emit energy?
Answer: any heated body is a source of radiation; the more the body is heated, the more powerful the radiation flux it creates.
6.Using a thermal imager (night vision device), you can detect various bodies,
even slightly heated, regardless of whether these bodies are illuminated or are in complete darkness. What physical phenomenon is used in these devices?
Answer: any heated body is a source of radiation;
a night vision device detects this radiation and makes it visible
7. Why do metal objects seem colder in the cold than wood or cork? At what temperature will metal objects appear hotter?
Answer: at temperatures above 40°C in contact with a metal object
The heat exchange process occurs faster, the human body heats up faster
8.Why do we feel warmer in a room at 20°C?
than in water at a temperature of 25°C?
Answer: water has better thermal conductivity than air, heat exchange occurs faster,\
the human body cools down faster
9.When is it more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor - during the day or at night?
Answer: it is more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor during the day, when the land is warmed up faster by the sun, the heated air rises, and is replaced, from the sea, by a stream of cold air - the daytime breeze (?)
10.How do you set up a greenhouse? Why is the air temperature inside greenhouses higher than outside?
Answer: Greenhouses are used to protect plants from frost.
Glass frames allow solar radiation to pass through well. During the day the soil warms up.
At night, the greenhouse prevents warm air from moving upward. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than in the surrounding area.
the glass is transparent to solar radiation and allows it to pass freely into the greenhouse, and then this radiation is absorbed by the soil. Heated soil also emits heat, but in the infrared range, and this radiation is delayed by glass. Then cooling of the air in the greenhouse can only occur by thermal conduction from the glass to the outside, which is much slower)
Thermal movement. Temperature. Internal energy.1. Temperature is a physical quantity that characterizes...
a) ...the ability of bodies to do work.
b) ...different states of the body.
c) ...degree of body heating.
2. Temperature unit...
a) ...joule. c) ...watt.
b)...pascal. d)...degree Celsius.
3. Body temperature depends on...
a) ...its internal structure. c) ...the speed of movement of its molecules.
b) ...the density of its substance. d) ...the number of molecules in it.
4. One glass contains warm water (No. 1), the other contains hot water (No. 2),
in the third - cold (No. 3). In which of them is the water temperature the highest, and in which do the water molecules move at the slowest speed?
a) No. 2; No. 3. b) No. 3; No. 2. c) №l; No. 3. d) No. 2; No. 1.
5. How do the molecules of hot tea differ from the molecules of the same tea when it has cooled?
a) Size. b) Speed of movement. c) The number of atoms in them. d) Color.
6. Which of the following phenomena are thermal?
a) Falling onto half a spoon. c) Snow melting in the sun.
b) Heating the soup on the stove. d) Swimming in the pool.
7. What movement is called thermal?
a) The movement of a body during which it heats up.
b) Constant chaotic movement of the particles that make up the body.
c) The movement of molecules in the body at high temperature.
8. What molecules of the body are involved in thermal motion? At what temperature?
a) Located on the surface of the body; at room temperature.
b) All molecules; at any temperature.
a) Located inside the body; at any temperature,
d) All molecules; at high temperature.
9. Internal energy is the energy of body particles. It consists of...
a) ...the kinetic energy of all molecules.
b) ...potential energy of interaction between molecules.
c) ...kinetic and potential energies of all molecules.
10. What energy does the balloon launched by meteorologists have?
a) Kinetic. c) Internal.
b) Potential. d) All these types of energy.
Ways to change the internal energy of the body
1. In which of the following cases does the internal energy of a body change?
a) A stone, falling off a cliff, falls faster and faster.
b) Dumbbells are lifted from the floor and placed on a shelf.
c) The electric iron was plugged in and the laundry began to be ironed,
d) The salt was poured from the bag into the salt shaker.
2. In what ways can you change the internal energy of the body?
a) By setting it in motion.
b) By performing work on the body or on it.
c) Raising it to a certain height.
d) By heat transfer.
3. The change in internal energy of which body occurs as a result of heat transfer in the above situations?
a) Heating of the drill bit when making a hole with a drill.
b) A decrease in gas temperature as it expands.
c) Cooling a stick of butter in the refrigerator,
d) Heating of the wheels of a moving train.
4. In what example does the internal energy of a body change as a result of mechanical work?
a) A teaspoon is placed in a glass of hot water.
b) When the truck braked sharply, a burning smell came from the brakes,
a) Water is boiling in the electric kettle.
d) A person warms his frozen hands by pressing them to a warm radiator.
5. Four metal bars were placed close to each other, as shown in the figure. The arrows indicate the direction of heat transfer from block to block. Bar temperatures are currently 100°C, 80°C, 60°C, 40°C.
Indicate the temperature of each bar.
Bar
A
IN
WITH
D
Temperature
Types of Heat Transfer
1. Thermal conductivity is...
a) ...the phenomenon of changes in the internal energy of bodies.
b) ...the phenomenon of transfer of internal energy from one part of the body to another or from one body to another upon their contact.
c) ...distribution of internal energy throughout the body.
d) ... heating of some bodies and cooling of others during their interaction.
2. Which solids have good thermal conductivity?
a) Plastic. c) Rubber.
b) Wooden. d) Metal.
3. Which of the substances mentioned here have poor thermal conductivity?
a) Wool and paper. c) Steel and paper.
b) Brass and wool. d) Zinc and copper.
4. What is the best way to wrap a pan in order to preserve its contents?
hot?
a) Newspaper. b) Duvet. c) Foil. d) Towel.
5. In what state - solid, liquid, gaseous - does a substance have the greatest thermal conductivity?
a) Liquid. b) Hard. c) Gaseous.
6. Which of these three bodies will be able to increase their size when in contact with the other two?
internal energy due to thermal conductivity?
a) No. 1
b) No. 2
[Type a quotation from a document or a short description of an interesting event. The inscription can be placed anywhere in the document. To change the formatting of a caption that contains catchy quotes, use the Caption Tools tab.]
c) No. 3
[Type a quotation from a document or a short description of an interesting event. The inscription can be placed anywhere in the document. To change the formatting of a caption that contains catchy quotes, use the Caption Tools tab.]
0 0 C
5 0 C
20 0 C
7. Convection is...
a) ...the phenomenon of circulation of liquid or gas.
b) ...a type of heat transfer that differs from thermal conductivity.
c) ...the phenomenon of heating or cooling of gases and liquids.
d) ...a type of heat transfer in which energy is transferred by jets of liquid or gas.
8. In what case does forced convection occur?
a) Warming the room with an electric heater with a fan.
b) Heating the air with a tank of boiling water standing on the floor.
c) Heating of the northern regions of Europe by the Gulf Stream.
d) The formation of a cool breeze near a body of water.
9. In what bodies - solid, liquid, gaseous - is heat transfer by convection possible?
a) Solid. b) Liquid. c) Gaseous. d) In all.
10. Why does convection occur in a liquid by heating it from below?
a) Otherwise the liquid will not warm up.
b) Because the heated upper layers of liquid, being lighter, will remain at the top.
c) Because heating from above is inconvenient.
11. How is heat transferred from the Sun to the Earth?
a) Thermal conductivity. c) Radiation.
b) Convection. d) All these ways.
12. What bodies emit energy?
a) Hot. b) Warm. c) Cold. d) All bodies.
13. The body emits energy the more intensely the...
a) ...it's bigger. c) ...it moves faster.
b) ... its density is greater. d) ... its temperature is higher.
14. These balls are heated and have the same temperature, but different colors:
black, gray, white. Which one will cool down the fastest?
a) No. 1 b) No. 2 c) No. 3. d) cool down at the same time.
15. To ensure that the surface of a body, for example an airship, is heated by the sun as little as possible, it is covered with paint. Which paint should you choose?
for this - black, blue, red, silver?
c) Black. b) Blue. c) Red. d) Silver.
16. In solids, energy is transferred...
a) ...thermal conductivity. c) ... radiation.
17. In liquids and gases, heat transfer occurs...
a) ...thermal conductivity. c) ... radiation.
b) ...convection. d) ...all three types of heat transfer.
18. In a vacuum, energy is transferred...
a) ...thermal conductivity. b) ...convection. c) ... radiation.
19. What method of heat transfer allows people to warm themselves by the fire?
c) Radiation. b) Thermal conductivity. c) Convection.
20. How will the body temperature change if it loses less during radiation?
energy that it receives from surrounding bodies?
a) Its temperature will not change. b) It will rise. c) Will decrease.
Quantity of heat. Units of heat quantity
1. The amount of heat is...
a) ...change in internal energy during radiation.
b) ...energy that a body receives or gives off during heat transfer.
c) ...the work that is done when the body is heated.
d) ...energy received by a body when heated.
2. The amount of heat depends on...
a) ...body weight.
b) ...by how many degrees its temperature has changed.
c) ...the substance of which it consists.
d) ...all these reasons.
3. In what case was more heat transferred to the body when it was heated from 0°C to 10°C (No. 1), from 10 0 C to 20 0 C (No. 2), from 20 0 C to 30 0 C (No. 3) ?
a) No. 1. b) No. 2. c) No. 3. d) The amounts of heat are the same.
4. In which of these identical vessels will the water heat up to the highest
temperature, if its initial temperature is the same and the vessels receive equal amounts of heat?
a) No. 1. b) No. 2. c) No. 3.
5. The amount of heat is measured in...
c) joules. b) watts. c) calories. d) pascals.
6. Express the amounts of heat equal to 6000 J and 10,000 cal in kilojoules.
a) 6 kJ and 4.2 kJ. c) 6 kJ and 42 kJ.
b) 60 kJ and 42 kJ. d) 60 kJ and 4.2 kJ.
7. Convert the amounts of heat equal to 7.5 kJ and 25 cal to joules.
a) 750 J and 10.5 J. c) 750 J 105 J.
b) 7500 J and 105 J. d) 7500 J and 10.5 J.
8. To heat a cup of water, an amount of heat equal to
600 J. By how much and how did the internal energy of water change?
a) At 600 J; decreased. c) At 300 J; decreased.
b) At 300 J; increased. d) At 600 J; increased.
9. When water is heated, 400 J of energy are transferred to it. How much heat will be released when it is cooled to its original temperature?
a) 100 J. c) 400 J.
b) 200 J. d) Additional data is needed to answer.
Slide 1
Slide 2
Repetition 1) temperature 2) degree 3) phenomenon 4) energy 5) molecule Find physical terms in the table. Define each term. To check, click on the word. Temperature is a physical quantity that characterizes the degree of heating of a body. Degree is a unit of temperature measurement. A phenomenon is a change in the state of the physical body. Energy is a physical quantity that shows how much work a body can do. A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance. T E P L O M V I N U G N U M O L E K U L A R O E O G SH Z O KH B T A C N P S H G YA A E T D P E Y M O K V U N R U A R B D L E L S N V S S G SCH D H Z E I Y C V C H I E ZH E G N U F V Y N Y A U K D U I N G Y T S H O N V Y E L D A T E M P E R A T U R A
Slide 3
ENERGY Energy, which is determined by the relative position of interacting bodies or parts of the same body. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion. POTENTIAL KINETIC Interconversion
Slide 4
Slide 5
Internal energy Kinetic energy of body molecules Potential energy of body molecules Total energy of movement and interaction of all particles that make up the body.
Slide 6
Slide 7
Rub your palm against your palm for a few seconds. What do you feel? How was fire made in ancient times? Why do parts of a running engine heat up? Getting the job done
Slide 8
A type of heat transfer when heat moves from hotter areas of the body to less heated ones due to the thermal movement of molecules. Thermal conductivity Why did the matches fall off from one rod faster than from the other? What can be concluded?
Slide 9
Thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity of gases is low. Place the test tube on your finger. Heat the bottom of the test tube in a flame. Estimate how long it takes for your finger to feel warm. Draw a conclusion. Conclusion To study the thermal conductivity of gases, you can conduct an experiment with a test tube.
Slide 10
Transfer of energy by jets of liquid or gas. Convection Experiment Place crystals of potassium permanganate into a vessel with water. Place the vessel on the fire. Watch the liquid. Convection cannot occur in solids.
Slide 11
Transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. Radiation Dark bodies absorb and emit energy better. Radiation can be carried out in complete vacuum.
Slide 12
Problems What method of heat transfer allows people to warm themselves by the fire? To ensure that the surface of a body, such as an airship, is heated by the sun as little as possible, it is coated with paint. What paint should you choose for this: black, blue, red, silver? How is heat transferred from the Sun to the Earth? Why does convection occur in a liquid by heating it from below? What is the best way to wrap a pot in to keep its contents hot: newspaper, duvet, foil, towel?
Tasks. What is the best way to wrap a pot in to keep its contents hot: newspaper, duvet, foil, towel? How is heat transferred from the Sun to the Earth? Why does convection occur in a liquid by heating it from below? To ensure that the surface of a body, such as an airship, is heated by the sun as little as possible, it is coated with paint. What paint should you choose for this: black, blue, red, silver? What method of heat transfer allows people to warm themselves by the fire?
Slide 12 from the presentation "Change in internal energy". The size of the archive with the presentation is 7172 KB.Physics 8th grade
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