What did NASA astronauts actually photograph while on the Moon?
What did NASA astronauts actually photograph while on the Moon? Part 1.
142:40:24 Bob, the traces of stones are really “chains of small craters.”
USA, NASA, Apollo 17, Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, Harrison Schmitt, launch 12/7/1972, flight duration 12 days 13 hours 51 minutes (301 hours) from December 11 to 14, 1972, 75 hours the crew of the descent module was on surface of the Moon, three exits for a total of 22 hours outside the Lunar Module (LM).
Link to NASA Apollo 17 archive.
ARCHIVE
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a17/images17.html
Preface
Apollo 17, third resurfacing, photographs of "footprints and cow pats" taken during the trip to Station 2.
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The article will focus on the Moon and the Apollo expeditions that took place forty years ago. For many, the topic is known, only in connection with a possible “lunar conspiracy”, especially for them we are placing a link to an excellent article by Vyacheslav Yatskin and Yuri Krasilnikov “Did the Americans fly to the Moon?” - http://www.skeptik.net/conspir/moonhoax.htm#deaths
The photo from the article, arrow A, points to a gray speck exactly located at the Apollo 15 landing site. The photo was taken by the American military satellite Clementine, which photographed the landing sites of the Apollo mission. Unfortunately, the resolution of the photos is very low.
This article seems to contain all the answers to the most difficult questions on this topic.
In addition, the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), scheduled for June 2009, also specially designed for photographing the Apollo landing sites and in view of the enormous resolution of the modern equipment placed on it, we think will finally finally put all the dots in this protracted matter.
In connection with the launch of LRO, we can recall the strange circumstance that the Japanese Kaguya apparatus could not “find” any signs of the Americans being on the Moon, nor the rovers they left behind, nor the landing stages.
“The Japanese found no traces of Americans on the Moon” http://kirov.kp.ru/daily/24287.4/481780/
Apollo 17 landing site
A more than strange message, especially since a little earlier the Americans announced that they had not received a response to a laser pulse sent to the French-made corner reflectors installed on the Soviet Lunokhod-2. Which suggests the same thing: “Lunokhod-2” either shifted or collapsed.
Therefore, let’s hope that LRO will find answers to all these questions, including additional ones that have arisen, which will be discussed below. In our opinion, the issues touch on much more complex and interesting problems than the topic of possible flight fraud.
Therefore, in our article there are many unusual facts related to the Moon and astronauts, but from a slightly different angle, namely, we were interested in “something” that was completely anomalous in appearance, but often found in lunar photographs.
For stubborn supporters of the “We didn’t fly!” version, even if our theme sounds appropriate.
For example, what did the astronauts photograph while in the “lunar pavilion”? What did they see unusual there?
Regarding this rhetorical question, let’s answer this way: the astronauts saw and photographed completely natural tracks and dung! In addition, as a result of generalized research, the extremely strange nature of the stones themselves, both photographed on the Moon and delivered to Earth, was discovered. But let's start in order.
Let's start with the fact that the Apollo 17 astronauts, at each exit, saw (and photographed) footprints and for a long time, for a kilometer or more, winded through the hills and between the hills along these same tracks. And each time, leaving the LM (Lunar Module) and boarding the rover, they drove along the next trail they found. And “not a stone rolling down a hill,” but a natural trace of rounded imprints, stretching in a measured chain, to the right and left relative to the conventional line. Periodically, between the tracks, the astronauts found “cow pats,” which they call “dry excrement” and “puddles of frozen glass.”
And again, all this is in the photographs! That is, if the Moon is a “secret pavilion”, then it turns out that the territory of the pavilion was not even cleaned up before filming, the marks were not smoothed out and the dung was not ordinary, but glass! Something is turning out to be painfully intricate. And the astronauts, finding themselves in the “secret pavilion” or, more correctly, on the “secret farm”, having seen all these numerous traces and dung, were clearly delighted with everything they discovered and spent days only photographing them.
Periodically sending bewildered or enthusiastic comments on the air about the unusual appearance and other signs of finds so strange for the Moon. Moreover, the “support team” also did not hide their interest in studying what they found. Constantly monitoring the scarce time, nevertheless, each time she added it to be in one place or another. And all this for the sake of tracks and cakes!
Isn't this all strange and normal?! And how could this have been specially conceived and prepared in a prepared pavilion?!
But the deniers of the American flights to the Moon did not notice the “traces and dung” and, apparently, do not even know about their existence! Although there are a lot of such photographs. In the second part, we will show about 200 links that have “traces” and “dung”, but this is a small fraction of what is available. So, in connection with the imminent launch (LRO), I would really like to combine the two versions into one.
Firstly, the Americans undoubtedly flew to the moon! And secondly, we discovered them! We discovered “traces of another form of life”!
Judging by the photographs, there are footprints everywhere on the Moon, from photographs taken from orbit to those taken point-blank from the surface. There are many traces in the panoramas of the hillsides (hundreds, thousands of traces, not just a few) and, as it turned out upon careful study, the surface is literally trampled.
Therefore, we will classify the nature of the “disappearance of American rovers” in photographs of the Japanese satellite “Kaguya”, and the Soviet “Lunokhod-2” not detected by laser probing, as belonging to the same category of phenomena associated with traces. Footprints, often of gigantic size! That is, the “disappearance” effect, according to our version, is a real manifestation of the displacement and movement, and possibly destruction, of all abandoned objects over the past forty years. By whom? Lunar inhabitants, mistakenly taken by us for stones.
We had seen traces on the surface for a long time, but we doubted it... the thought involuntarily tormented us, well, after all, these are traces! What else could all these strange “chains” of similar dents be? But why then don’t others see or notice them? And they don’t discuss it! They are not blind, and if they notice, then why don’t they think about who trampled on them! Just like in the tale of King Lear.
Moreover, the traces were masked by more than just an additional nuance.
The astronauts saw the tracks all the time in front of them along the rover's course of movement, but they did not constantly take pictures of just the tracks, but periodically, in the third or fifth frame, when the picture coincided with the direction of movement.
Moreover, without necessarily placing the trace in the center of the frame, so that a string of prints would go into the distance, but how will it turn out. Whatever gets into the frame will get there. Therefore, in most of the photographs hills and craters are visible, that is, side and distant panoramas in which, due to the distance, traces are not visible, and if visible, it is not clear. At the same time, nearby, in front of the rover, but behind the scenes, there is a clearly visible chain of footprints, along which the astronauts follow.
But, a string of traces can be restored by adding up photographs selectively, choosing the necessary ones, although as an exception, a real, complete “string of traces going into the distance” is present in the photographs, albeit not often.
Now about the reaction to NASA's traces.
The astronauts and experts from the support room, as we have already said, noticed the traces immediately (remember, they were discovered even before man landed on the Moon). But not immediately, not later, they did not take the traces seriously, as traces left by unusual animals. And they were described in accordance with the conditions of detection.
There is no atmosphere on the Moon, what traces could there be here?! Who can leave them?
Therefore, based on the above, a version of “micrometeorites” and “moonquakes” was proposed. But the study of footprints from the point of view of “natural tracks”, for example, the repeatability of prints or signs of difference between the front foot and the back, has not been carried out.
All attention was focused only on the “natural” version.
Apparently, the very idea of animals on the Moon at that time seemed wild and absurd and the possibility of this was not even considered in principle.
At the same time, it is clear that the prints cannot be absolutely identical, which means that with a special study it was possible to identify their characteristic features. But no! this did not happen, the tracks attracted everyone's attention, they were photographed a lot! But they did not study it directionally according to the version of animal tracks, but as an unusual curiosity, a certain feature characteristic only of the Moon.
Then we must not forget about the rest of the program, which was very eventful and impressive in its scope. Therefore, the traces were examined, as if in parallel, in a semi-explicit form, they drove along the trace, and periodically filmed them. And to unambiguously identify signs of an animal’s footprint, it is necessary to take sequential, targeted photographs of all prints in a row, left and right, over at least 70-100 steps.
And even then, for greater confidence, it is advisable to find an area where there are as clear prints as possible. Therefore, the origin of the traces remained, as it were, not fully explained. However, in the beginning, we ourselves treated the marks and their appearance in the same way.
This is later, when we downloaded all the photos and pulled out the ones we needed, and when we put what we found in order... just these frames... there! Then they finally saw traces! characteristic chains of tracks! Although the astronauts themselves and experts in Houston undoubtedly saw them like this from the very beginning, since they followed the tracks for kilometers.
But for some reason, not immediately, not later, it didn’t click in their consciousness, and they didn’t have enough determination to express and check this, at first glance, seemingly absurd and delusional version.
Life! To hell with everything! Which programm! We are not going or going anywhere! We will stand here and examine the tracks, like tracks, and we will search until we find those who left them. And to the whole world, Hurray! We found them! Brothers in mind...
Or at least declare that we have found “something” incomprehensible and inexplicable, possibly associated with another form of life.
And although the version is absurdly delusional, we believe it is real. You will see for yourself below who and what leaves these traces and whether “it” is alive or not. In our opinion, it is very similar.
Unusual "boulders"
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This unusual-looking stone was taken from afar and is approximately 2-3 meters high.
Photo taken by Apollo 16 astronauts.
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There are dungs near this “boulder” and are located just behind it. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/AS16-116-18645HR.jpg
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ARCHIVE Apollo 16
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/a16.html
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/a16.sta11.html#1673303
In general, there are a lot of similar “boulders” standing, as it were, on a “pedestal”. But when assessing appearance, it is necessary to take into account the appearance “preserved” for the night. And in the short morning time that has passed since the onset of morning, they have not returned to their natural form.
The tracks often lead astronauts to “boulders” and “stones,” which, oddly enough, always look like some kind of non-terrestrial monsters. The body, limbs, head, tails, teeth, eyes... all this is there, present.
But, in an extremely unusual comatose state. Always in an unnaturally frozen form. Astronauts photograph “stones” and “boulders”, take samples, move stones with their feet, but the stones that left traces are now motionless. Moreover, as astronauts who took small stones in their hands say, the stones are unusually light. More likely not stones, but lumps of soil.
Lumps of soil that are not at all like heavy monolithic basalt, such as terrestrial basalt or granite. And measurements taken on Earth showed that the density of lunar “rocks” is two to three times less than terrestrial samples.
As for the solution, there is a solution, it is below in four parts of the article, we will present it gradually and in detail, but in short, the point is as follows. Astronauts always flew to the Moon early in the morning, since during the day the lunar surface heats up to +125 Celsius, and it is simply impossible to stay on such a surface for a long time.
And in the morning, on the Moon, “everything living” really seems to be in a frozen state after a two-week night. Much like on Earth a fish frozen into ice, frozen in it after a long winter.
Certainly alive, but unable to move; to do this, it must first melt and warm up. If only the astronauts had arrived on the Moon at least once a week later!
In a week, these same seemingly motionless “stones” and “boulders”, when they warm up under the incessantly scorching sun, judging by the traces, no doubt come to life and move.
And they begin a short, just a few days, but very stormy period of life! The stones begin to move, feed and reproduce. But they can be called stones only because of the absence of water, and not because of the form of organization of the substance.
And there are good reasons for such conclusions, but in order to see this, you need to look at not one, but many photographs and carefully weigh everything observed.
Stones brought to Earth.
Now regarding the “stones” delivered to Earth. Firstly, the stones clearly do not have a random organization, both external and internal. In addition, photographs taken immediately and after several years of storage show that the “stones” have changed a lot over time.
All the stones could not withstand storage in the seemingly natural conditions of deep vacuum.
Strange, unusual, but the stones immediately after being placed in a container for transportation to Earth began to fall apart.
And over the past few years, being in a vacuum of a special storage facility, at a constant “earthly” temperature, fell into pieces. And at this time, almost all the stones have turned into scatterings of small fragments of various sizes. In addition, the stones not only fall apart, but even seem to decompose, and in our time their sizes have greatly decreased.
Moreover, even visually, the stones delivered from the Moon do not have the form of random fragments and fragments formed from rocks, but clear signs of organized matter.
This is also confirmed by x-ray photographs of stones, which irrefutably prove the presence inside them of inhomogeneities, cavities and internal organization similar to the organization of the organs of terrestrial animals. Not strictly like terrestrial animals, but rather functionally in accordance with living conditions.
Of course, from the perspective of lunar conditions, for example, most stones have flat soles instead of legs, and the need for crawling is clearly visible in the shape of the body.
Therefore, let us specially highlight that the “living creatures” shown in the photographs are not “skulls of prehistoric dinosaurs” and not “shells of sea mollusks” that allegedly lived on the Moon in ancient times. And the form of life is naturally organized under the conditions currently existing on the Moon.
From all this our version arose
It’s absurd, paradoxical, incredible, but judging by what we see in photographs, and there are many thousands of them, there is a local form of life of a non-protein nature on the Moon. Apparently, it uses “dry electrolysis” for metabolic processes.
Solar ultraviolet, not weakened by the atmosphere, has enormous destructive energy on the Moon and strongly electrolyzes the surface. And if there is a living program, the ecosystem of the Moon is capable of supporting any of the most complex life processes. There is enough energy and matter on the Moon, as for the program, let’s call it “the evolution of bone matter under conditions of strong electrolysis,” then, as we see, it works here too. For evolution, it seems, the presence of an aquatic environment is not at all necessary, and our life is only a special case of animated matter.
And life as an essence owes its emergence to more general and deeper principles than aqueous solutions. And the program for controlling inert matter most likely arose independently indefinitely long ago, and manifests itself in the form of animated, organized matter wherever there is matter and free energy.
But we will talk about this later, about the evolution and program of their living manifestation and connection with our existence in the fourth part, where we will combine particular examples of the manifestation of its organizing activity of the program into a single whole. When talking about the nature of life, incomplete remarks and vague explanations are inevitable.
Even if they give what is written a semi-fantastic, semi-mystical character. Well, the nature of the emergence of life in general, and earthly life in particular, is not yet known to us, but in the article we will not talk about the possibility of the existence of life outside the Earth, but about specific photographs with signs of such life!
Let’s agree that the Moon is close, and the possible presence of life on it concerns everyone, so let’s leave the irony and consider the facts. Below are numerous photographs and transcripts of the astronauts' conversations. The main version to explain the movement of stones is “moonquakes,” and a meteorite version was proposed to explain “flat cakes.”
According to which, “flat cakes” are not dung left by animals at all, but ejected rocks formed during the impact of meteorites and then falling out as secondary lumps of molten mass. Although in the case of secondary fragments, the speed should still be very high! And where the lumps fall, there should still be craters. But from the photographs you can see that there is no manifestation of speed at the place where the “liquid mass” “sinks” onto the surface! On the contrary, there is a sign that the liquid was splashed from a height of about a meter.
In the official explanation, there are many other inconsistencies: chains of tracks, as necessary, purposefully go around the hills and descend the slopes not in the direction of the greatest slope, but in a gentle, serpentine way. Ordinary paths, as we say, we observe on Earth, when people and animals walk.
And the dung, too, does not lie anywhere, but lies precisely between the tracks and did not crash into the surface, but very slowly sank onto it, without even creating signs of craters. We agree, winding traces, and “liquid meteorites” smoothly descending to the surface, without any vertical or horizontal speed. These are all miracles in nature that are unknown and cannot be explained from the standpoint of the laws of nature.
We will not hide that our version of the “lunar life form on dry electrolysis” also looks extremely bold, but it does not contradict the open laws of nature, and does not stand out of nowhere, but has many facts confirming its existence.
Traces of stones left on the surface of the Moon.
NASA Luna Orbiter 5 
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/lo5_h168_2.html
Photos of rock tracks taken by Lunar Orbiter 5. These are not the same tracks that astronauts see in Nansen Crater, or near the LM. Because the footprints in photographs taken from orbit are much larger than those that astronauts then photograph on the surface. For example, the largest footprint in this photo is 25 meters! And the traces from the Nansen crater, at such a distance, could only be seen under a magnifying glass!
When selecting a landing site for the Apollo program, the Luna Orbiter series of orbiters took many clear photographs of the intended astronaut landing sites. On which, among other things, numerous footprints and incomprehensible “walking stones” were depicted.
Strange objects attracted everyone's attention, and when the Apollo 17 astronauts saw the footprints with their own eyes, they already had a photograph of the area with these very traces in their hands.
As for “rocks move due to moonquakes.” On the surface of the Moon, astronauts installed seismic sensors in several places, and they showed that the Moon is really alive and has several types of seismic activity. A total of four species were discovered. We will look at two of the most important ones.
As it turned out, the strongest tremors occur at a depth of 20-30 km with a magnitude of approximately 5.
And the ground shaking caused by them may well cause the stone to shift. But from the photographs, and from the words of the astronauts, it is clear that traces are left by boulders, including those crawling along a horizontal surface and even up slopes! And such a movement cannot be explained from the perspective of the release of potential energy. Under the influence of which, the stones must slide down and gradually accumulate at the bottom of craters and hollows.
Why not climb up to the tops of the hills! And strangely enough, there are stones on the hillsides, but there are no accumulations of stones at the bottom of the slopes. At least, there are disproportionately fewer stones at the bottom of the slopes than there should be, judging by the number of traces on the slopes. A stone is much more durable than a footprint, and for every footprint on the slope, there must be thousands of stones accumulated below.
Astronauts also pay attention to this as something absolutely amazing and incredible. But, from the point of view of the “stones” of animals, what is naturally observed is precisely what is observed. The absence of stones below is simply explained: stones “avoid” shaded places, and accumulation at the top in places with constant lighting is considered “natural”. This is logical if you look at it from the perspective of the life process and its urgent need for solar radiation.
Additionally, seismic sensors showed the presence of a “morning moonquake” on the Moon. In the sense that with sunrise, the surface of the Moon intensively warms up, and at this time, along the terminator line, instruments begin to record strange tremors and tremors of a local nature.
Tremors, then continuing throughout the lunar day. Whereas at night the ground shaking stops. A simple explanation would be the thermal expansion of the soil when heated and the resulting displacement and collapse. But the lunar soil is regolith, many meters deep, dry, friable, poorly conductive of heat and has long lost the ability to crumble and be crushed into even smaller fractions.
And for the same reason, the heating of the regolith layer itself, even to a small depth, occurs slowly and gradually.
This is where our paradoxical explanation of “morning tremors” arose, as the fact of “the awakening and movement of all living things with the rising of the sun.” And as it turns out, the movement of creatures of extremely large size.
Although, the very recording of tremors by seismic sensors is connected not so much with the size of the lunar inhabitants, but with the enormous sensitivity of the installed instruments, capable of detecting the fall of a pea at a distance of a kilometer.
Description of the traces left by the stones, compiled by the Apollo 17 astronauts (fragments of the transcript).
“142:41:14 Cernan: Yeah... It's just, I'm sorry, I'm trying to make sure I'm not going into some hole around here, and I think that's what I was doing. And then, I don’t want to climb down there.
142:41:23 Schmitt: Yes, this is not necessary. Over there is the edge of Nansen, near those boulders.
142:41:39 Schmitt: Look at these blocks of stone! Their rolling tracks lead to the bottom of the Nansen crater.
142:51:13 Schmitt (to himself): Okay... (Louder, addressing the Control Center): Hello, Houston! Many of the blocks shown on the map are actually not that close. At a distance of more than a meter here, starting from the main slope of “Nansen” and up to Station 2, where we are now, many hundreds of stones are piled up. But on the shadow side there are only one or two. It seems that the stone blocks at the bottom glow brighter than on the sunlit northern side. Yes, it seems so. These rock fragments on the southern shaded slope have a stronger shine than on its northern side.
142:52:06 Parker: Got it. Confirm, Jean. What fantastic thing did you see there?
142:55:18 Cernan: I’ll explain. If you look at the bottom of the Nansen, it seems - yes, I guess it sounds dry - that the pebbles and debris that rolled down from the Southern Massif cover the main rock - the one that makes up the northern slope of the Nansen. And here there is a striking difference: there is a furrowed surface of the northern slopes, and there are southern slopes of “Nansen” covered with debris and crumbs. And all the fragments of stone, all the blocks are located only on the southern side of Nansen.
15 MB Panorama of the Nansen crater.
That is, judging by the transcript, the stones are located mainly on the illuminated surface. And traces of their movement lead to the opposite side.
From which we can assume that the stones left the grooves earlier, in the evening, when during the previous day, having collected the required amount of the electrolyzed layer of dust from the surface, they then crawled ahead of time onto a well-lit slope, preparing for the night and the opportunity to meet the sunrise early in the morning.
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In the above photo there are traces not only of stones and boulders crawling down, but also traces left when the stones moved upward! This is exactly what can be seen upon careful study of the shown panorama.
In addition, the photographs show that at the bottom of the slope, at its base, there is no accumulation of stones in the case of maintaining the version of their constant rolling from top to bottom. There is no accumulation even approximately equal to the number of traces! But the “stone” is much more durable than the trace it leaves.
And from here, naturally and naturally, just the opposite should be observed, one or two footprints on the slope and thousands, whole piles of crumbled stones at the base. Opposite the places where they form at the top. We agree that in order for stones to roll down, they must first form somewhere higher up the slope.
Whereas from photographs of the surrounding area it is clearly visible that the slopes of the hills are gentle, smoothed and there are no rocks or cliffs on them that could form these boulders supposedly breaking off from something and rolling down. The absence of a source of scree is in itself unusual enough to consider another version.
Of course, a solid gray color deadens the picture, making it lifeless to the human eye, as if dead.
The eyes look for what is wet and green. “Green”, “leaves”, “branches”, “eye sockets filled with glitter”, but this is not visible. The appearance of the stones does not correspond to this impression. Gray, dull color, disheartening. But, let’s abandon emotions and stereotypes, and let’s take into account only the facts. And there are many facts that require explanation. 
Let's highlight in this photo. Firstly, the stones are really located at the top of the slope, and above their position there is nothing that could be associated with their formation (rocks and cliffs, when heated by the sun, can split and crumble, creating flowing stone streams).
In addition, the stones seem to be similar to each other and arranged in the same way. Astronauts describe it this way: the “head” of the stone is up the slope, the “fillet” is down. This can also be seen from the photograph. Correct “live” identification of what is being observed is hampered only by the color of the picture and the unusual shape.
Let us also pay attention to the fact that there is a “rider” sitting on the “back” of one of the stones; this is not accidental; such stones are found quite often and stones brought to Earth have the same growths. Growths on the “back”, when studied in detail, reveal an organizational connection with the rest of the body.
Therefore, with regard to the possibility of the presence of an electrolytic form of life on the Moon, let us pay attention to the fact that the dust atmosphere that exists on the Moon during the day, although it exists, is in a highly discharged state, and the bulk of electrolyzed dust is a thin upper layer.
And in order to collect and “eat” it, the stones, if they were alive, in fact, must move along the surface - scrape off this very dust.
This is not only logical and natural for such a form of life, but it is the only possible one. Carnivores are another matter; they can collect on the surface and dig up those hidden under the surface and much more.
The photograph shows the sampling locations. So it turned out that the “sample” taken from one of these stones shows the “time of formation” of the stone 3.8 billion years ago! But it’s strange that on Earth, the samples taken over the course of several years... disintegrated!
This is difficult to explain from the perspective of just a cobblestone that has lain in extremely extreme conditions of temperature changes for billions of years! And then quickly decomposed when stored under ideal laboratory conditions. Which clearly indicates not the simple formation of a stone, but rather a “living” one.
It was the change in the mode of “residence” that led to their destruction. Due to the physical necessity of solar radiation for the metabolic process of “living stones”. The change of day and night as a natural life cycle, without which their existence “in assembled form” is simply not possible.
Unfortunately, most of the available photographs in the catalogs known to us were taken in very low light and are too dark due to lack of light. We think this unnecessary protective measure introduced by the storage facility workers is an absolutely unnecessary precaution. The decomposition of stones is inevitable and the lack of bright lighting only accelerated the process of destruction, rather than slowing it down.
As for adjusting the shape of the selected stones to the “version”, the following can be said about this: all large stones are unusual and only the lack of high-quality photographs does not allow us to show them all. In this situation, the main criterion for choosing a photograph was the size of the stone and the quality of the image. Then what is the fit with such limited collection sizes?
Since not so many large stones were brought, only a few dozen, we actually chose the highest quality photographs that reflect the general trend. Photographs of all the stones, of course, are in NASA catalogs, links to which we provide below. And by comparing photographs in catalogs, you can easily make sure that the stones shown and not shown have the same general characteristics. 
No. 72275 weight 3640 grams. Large stone.
The shape of the stone resembles a giant insect, a “ladybug”. Over time, the loose “breccia” has been severely destroyed and small pebbles that have fallen off the main stone lie next to it.
Incision. No. 72275 The same stone as above.
Pieces fall off, and some have decreased in size; you can even visually see how quickly the decomposition process is proceeding.
No. 70035 stone weight 5765 grams, 23x15x10.
X-ray of the stone. Description below. 
No. 70035 stone weight 5765 grams, 23x15x10.
Over several years of being in the “deep vacuum storage”, the shape of the stone and its condition changed irreversibly.
The X-ray photograph of the stone is also amazing and fully consistent with the version of the presence of internal organization. It can be seen that the lower “platform” is composite and from this it is quite possible to assume the idea of \u200b\u200bthe mobility of its component parts. The mobility of individual parts of the sole, through its movements, may well ensure not only the absorption of the top layer of dust, but also the movement of the entire stone along the surface.
60018 1501 grams.
The stone has not only a difference between a rounded top and a flat bottom, but also right-left symmetry. In the area of the “eye sockets” there are clearly additional “spots”, most likely based on the location and visibility, which have precisely this “sighted” purpose. We do not show a photograph of a stone that has broken into pieces due to the absolutely low quality of the photograph, which represents one dark spot.
Generally speaking, the stones were collected not by biologists, but by geologists.
For geologists, the shape of a stone is of secondary importance; for them, the mineral and chemical composition, the time of formation and the nature of the processes that led to the formation of the stone are primarily important. Therefore, it is impossible to talk about adjusting the shape of the stones to the living version.
Earth, in the photograph there is basalt (columnar separation), in terms of their composition (Si, O and Al) basalts are close relatives to moon rocks, but the proportion of content of other chemical elements is very different. And in terms of density, moon rocks are about two to three times lighter. Therefore, it is not only a matter of form, but primarily of internal organization. Not a single stone selected from these fragments would closely match the stones from the lunar collection.
We agree that for a “lunar” geologist collecting stones in conditions of limited transportation, three small stones are better than one large one. Therefore, most stones are thousands of small ones, and this makes it difficult to classify the structure of stones based on the presence of biological characteristics. And the presence of preliminary “geological” selection, the classification we carried out into signs of living things, is not made easier, but rather complicated.
Because geologists ultimately collected a mineralogical collection, not flora and fauna specimens.
But even though the living version was not considered during sampling, almost all the stones in NASA catalogs have a very strange shape, unusual for ordinary rock or meteorite fragments.
As mentioned above, the method of nutrition and activity of the lunar form of life is understandable, and must proceed from the form of available free energy. The surface of the Moon is highly electrolyzed by hard ultraviolet radiation.
The Moon does not have the Earth's atmosphere to protect its surface, therefore, high-energy solar ultraviolet photons, when directly irradiating the surface, strongly ionize the upper layer of dust. On Earth, as is known, such exposure to hard ultraviolet rays leads to the formation of an ionized and ozone layer, and on the Moon the radiation is not weakened by the atmosphere, and therefore causes the same ionization as on Earth, only not in the upper layers of the atmosphere, but directly in the very surface layer of dust .
That is, the lunar life form definitely cannot be proteinaceous. Therefore, it cannot require oxygen, water, a warm and humid atmosphere, or uniform temperature like its earthly counterpart.
On the contrary, as follows from what has been said, it needs everything opposite. Let us recall that in electrolytes, ions transport not only the electrical charges of the ions, but also mass. Which, in fact, is the basis of the physics of lunar metabolism, which functions during dry electrolysis in approximately the same way as the terrestrial form during liquid electrolysis.
Here we can add that the frozen state of lunar animals is explained precisely by cooling during the night and the subsequent need for gradual heating and irradiation by solar radiation.
PETROLOG Description of the appearance and process of decomposition of one of the “breccias”. The loose breccia has a fine-grained shell and an internal filling of 13 pebbles. Its mechanical decomposition into components occurred in the transport bag.
The contents are mixed, all the stones are dirty and the photograph shows a reconstruction of the stone. Research has shown that the “shell” is filled with stones of a chemically heterogeneous composition. The chemical and mineral composition of the “breccia” can be found here on page 59, 34 MB http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/A16SampleCat_1.pdf
The entire list of catalogs is at the bottom of the article.
40 MB http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/A16SampleCat_3.pdf
Discussion of additional questions with the author of the article on the 7tem Forum http://forum.7tem.ru/
No. 72235 weight 62 grams, heterogeneous breccia. 
No. 72235 photograph of the top stone (breccia) taken four years later in 1974, the stone has fallen apart and is clearly decomposing.
No. 6016 Stone weight 4007 grams
№69955
The weight of the stone is 65.9 grams. After about four years of storage, the stone fell apart like most other stones.
No. 6255 Stone weight 871 grams
Disassembly into component elements carried out by NASA experts shows the complexity of the structure in those places where there should be a complex organ, for example, “nose”, “eye”, “tailbone”, which, based on the most general laws of biology, should have such a difference.
Let us pay attention to a phrase often used when describing stones. “On the surface of the samples there are small pits, as if lined with a glassy mass, as well as small glass splashes, not necessarily associated with the pits.”
The above quote refers to the description of most stones, just as the opposite fact is noted, i.e., the absence of glassy splashes and “lined pits.” Undoubtedly, this is a general feature often found when describing the appearance of stones.
But even visually, in many photographs of “stones”, in the functionally necessary place from the viewing position and location, certain patches are visible, filled with “vitreous pits”, and balls glued to the surface. In terms of their functional purpose, based on their position on the stone, they strongly resemble the arrangement of the eyes of terrestrial animals. In this regard, the version of micro meteorite craters is incredible for us. Let us leave the question of where micrometeorites hit, which in this case are clearly not random.
But there is an equally important circumstance: according to physics, micrometeorites cannot leave molten material at the impact site! The main part of the energy during a super-high-speed impact goes to evaporation of the substance. The low thermal conductivity of the substance creates an enormous temperature gradient and, as a consequence, enormous pressure. The resulting gases will disperse the meteorite's remains without creating a layer of "vitreous matter."
And here are “lined pits” and “splashes” frozen in one large drop, commensurate with the mass of the impacted meteorite! From the point of view of physics, this is impossible, since the main part of the kinetic energy of the meteorite will be spent on evaporation, and the dispersion of the resulting fragments is inevitable. Meteorites can burn and melt only when moving in the atmosphere, namely, due to an increase in heating time. Therefore, from the very beginning, everything we observed looked somehow unnatural to us, similar... but strange and anomalous. In short, according to physics, this should not be the case.
There are many natural phenomena, you can always find something similar by analogy, but pits “lined” with a glassy substance and lumps of “molten soil then spilled out in liquid cakes, simply, according to physics, cannot be the impact of meteorites. Therefore, it is impossible to say that lunar organisms do not have eyes or photoreceptors; everything rather indicates the opposite. It’s just that the stones have not yet been studied from this point of view, but perhaps with the advent of a large number of new high-resolution photographs obtained by LRO, the attitude towards the facts will change. And we will learn a lot of new and unusual things about the Moon.
Attention to the sole, the bottom of the stone is packed. And from the pieces of packaging, a saw profile accidentally emerged, a device not found in real stones, but such a device could move stones in the event of vibration and directional orientation of the stone.
But this apparent phenomenon has not been found in nature among stones. Most likely, natural mechanisms are associated with certain displacements and movements of the substance inside the shell, similar to an x-ray image of a stone, which together ensure movement.
Brain trainer
The moon is not a bad place. Definitely worth a short visit.
Neil Armstrong
Almost half a century has passed since the Apollo flights, but the debate about whether Americans were on the Moon does not subside, but is becoming increasingly fierce. The piquancy of the situation is that supporters of the “moon conspiracy” theory are trying to challenge not real historical events, but their own, vague and error-ridden idea of them.
Lunar epic
First the facts. On May 25, 1961, six weeks after Yuri Gagarin's triumphant flight, President John F. Kennedy delivered a speech to the Senate and House of Representatives in which he promised that an American would land on the moon before the end of the decade. Having suffered defeat at the first stage of the space “race,” the United States set out not only to catch up, but also to overtake the Soviet Union.
The main reason for the lag at that time was that the Americans underestimated the importance of heavy ballistic missiles. Like their Soviet colleagues, American specialists studied the experience of German engineers who built the A-4 (V-2) missiles during the war, but did not give these projects serious development, believing that in a global war long-range bombers would be sufficient. Of course, Wernher von Braun's team, taken from Germany, continued to create ballistic missiles in the interests of the army, but they were unsuitable for space flights. When the Redstone rocket, the successor to the German A-4, was modified to launch the first American spacecraft, Mercury, it could only lift it to suborbital altitude.
Nevertheless, resources were found in the United States, so American designers quickly created the necessary “line” of launch vehicles: from Titan-2, which launched the two-seat Gemini maneuvering spacecraft into orbit, to Saturn 5, capable of sending the three-seat Apollo spacecraft "to the Moon.
Redstone
Saturn-1B
Of course, before sending expeditions, a colossal amount of work was required. Spacecraft of the Lunar Orbiter series carried out detailed mapping of the nearest celestial body - with their help it was possible to identify and study suitable landing sites. The Surveyor series vehicles made soft landings on the Moon and transmitted beautiful images of the surrounding area.
The Lunar Orbiter spacecraft carefully mapped the Moon, determining future landing sites for astronauts.
Surveyor spacecraft studied the Moon directly on its surface; parts of the Surveyor-3 apparatus were picked up and delivered to Earth by the crew of Apollo 12
At the same time, the Gemini program developed. After unmanned launches, Gemini 3 launched on March 23, 1965, maneuvering by changing the speed and inclination of its orbit, which was an unprecedented achievement at that time. Soon Gemini 4 flew, on which Edward White made the first spacewalk for Americans. The ship operated in orbit for four days, testing attitude control systems for the Apollo program. Gemini 5, which launched on August 21, 1965, tested electrochemical generators and a docking radar. In addition, the crew set a record for the duration of stay in space - almost eight days (Soviet cosmonauts managed to beat it only in June 1970). By the way, during the Gemini 5 flight, Americans for the first time encountered the negative consequences of weightlessness - a weakening of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, measures have been developed to prevent such effects: a special diet, drug therapy and a series of physical exercises.
In December 1965, Gemini 6 and Gemini 7 approached each other, simulating a docking. Moreover, the crew of the second ship spent more than thirteen days in orbit (that is, the full time of the lunar expedition), proving that the measures taken to maintain physical fitness are quite effective during such a long flight. The docking procedure was practiced on the ships Gemini 8, Gemini 9 and Gemini 10 (by the way, the commander of Gemini 8 was Neil Armstrong). On Gemini 11 in September 1966, they tested the possibility of an emergency launch from the Moon, as well as a flight through the Earth's radiation belts (the ship rose to a record altitude of 1369 km). On Gemini 12, astronauts tested a series of manipulations in outer space.
During the flight of the Gemini 12 spacecraft, astronaut Buzz Aldrin proved the possibility of complex manipulations in outer space
At the same time, the designers were preparing the “intermediate” two-stage Saturn 1 rocket for testing. During its first launch on October 27, 1961, it surpassed the Vostok rocket in thrust, on which Soviet cosmonauts flew. It was assumed that the same rocket would launch the first Apollo 1 spacecraft into space, but on January 27, 1967, there was a fire at the launch complex in which the crew of the ship died, and many plans had to be revised.
In November 1967, testing of the huge three-stage Saturn 5 rocket began. During its first flight, it lifted into orbit the Apollo 4 command and service module with a mock-up of the lunar module. In January 1968, the Apollo 5 lunar module was tested in orbit, and the unmanned Apollo 6 went there in April. The last launch almost ended in disaster due to a failure of the second stage, but the rocket pulled out the ship, demonstrating good survivability.
On October 11, 1968, the Saturn 1B rocket launched the command and service module of the Apollo 7 spacecraft with its crew into orbit. For ten days, the astronauts tested the ship, conducting complex maneuvers. Theoretically, Apollo was ready for the expedition, but the lunar module was still “raw.” And then a mission was invented that was not initially planned at all - a flight around the Moon.
The flight of Apollo 8 was not planned by NASA: it was an improvisation, but was carried out brilliantly, securing another historical priority for American astronautics
On December 21, 1968, the Apollo 8 spacecraft, without a lunar module, but with a crew of three astronauts, set off for a neighboring celestial body. The flight went relatively smoothly, but before the historic landing on the Moon, two more launches were needed: the Apollo 9 crew worked out the procedure for docking and undocking the ship modules in low-Earth orbit, then the Apollo 10 crew did the same, but this time near the Moon . On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin stepped on the surface of the Moon, thereby proclaiming US leadership in space exploration.
The crew of Apollo 10 conducted a “dress rehearsal”, performing all the operations necessary for landing on the Moon, but without landing itself
The Apollo 11 lunar module, named Eagle, is landing
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the Moon
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's lunar walk was broadcast through the Parkes Observatory radio telescope in Australia; the original recordings of the historical event were also preserved and recently discovered
This was followed by new successful missions: Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17. As a result, twelve astronauts visited the Moon, conducted terrain reconnaissance, installed scientific equipment, collected soil samples, and tested rovers. Only the crew of Apollo 13 was unlucky: on the way to the Moon, a liquid oxygen tank exploded, and NASA specialists had to work hard to return the astronauts to Earth.
Falsification theory
On the Luna-1 spacecraft, devices were installed to create an artificial sodium comet
It would seem that the reality of expeditions to the Moon should not have been in doubt. NASA regularly published press releases and newsletters, specialists and astronauts gave numerous interviews, many countries and the global scientific community participated in technical support, tens of thousands of people watched the takeoffs of huge rockets, and millions watched live television broadcasts from space. Lunar soil was brought to Earth, which many selenologists were able to study. International scientific conferences were held to understand the data that came from instruments left on the Moon.
But even during that eventful time, people appeared who questioned the facts of the astronaut landing on the Moon. Skepticism towards space achievements appeared back in 1959, and the likely reason for this was the policy of secrecy pursued by the Soviet Union: for decades it even hid the location of its cosmodrome!
Therefore, when Soviet scientists announced that they had launched the Luna-1 research apparatus, some Western experts spoke out in the spirit that the communists were simply fooling the world community. Experts anticipated the questions and placed a device on Luna 1 for evaporating sodium, with the help of which an artificial comet was created, brightness equal to the sixth magnitude.
Conspiracy theorists even dispute the reality of Yuri Gagarin's flight
Claims arose later: for example, some Western journalists doubted the reality of Yuri Gagarin’s flight, because the Soviet Union refused to provide any documentary evidence. There was no camera on board the Vostok ship; the appearance of the ship itself and the launch vehicle remained classified.
But the US authorities never expressed doubts about the authenticity of what happened: even during the flight of the first satellites, the National Security Agency (NSA) deployed two surveillance stations in Alaska and Hawaii and installed radio equipment there capable of intercepting telemetry that came from Soviet devices. During Gagarin's flight, the stations were able to receive a television signal with an image of the astronaut transmitted by an on-board camera. Within an hour, printouts of selected footage from the broadcast were in the hands of government officials, and President John F. Kennedy congratulated the Soviet people on their outstanding achievement.
Soviet military specialists working at Scientific Measuring Point No. 10 (NIP-10), located in the village of Shkolnoye near Simferopol, intercepted data coming from the Apollo spacecraft throughout the flights to the Moon and back.
Soviet intelligence did the same. At the NIP-10 station, located in the village of Shkolnoye (Simferopol, Crimea), a set of equipment was assembled that made it possible to intercept all information from the Apollo missions, including live television broadcasts from the Moon. The head of the interception project, Alexey Mikhailovich Gorin, gave the author of this article an exclusive interview, in which, in particular, he said: “For guidance and control of a very narrow beam, a standard drive system in azimuth and elevation was used. Based on information about the location (Cape Canaveral) and launch time, the flight trajectory of the spacecraft was calculated in all areas.
It should be noted that during about three days of flight, only occasionally did the beam pointing deviate from the calculated trajectory, which was easily corrected manually. We started with Apollo 10, which made a test flight around the Moon without landing. This was followed by flights with the Apollo landings from the 11th to the 15th... They took fairly clear images of the spacecraft on the Moon, the exit of both astronauts from it and the journey across the surface of the Moon. Video from the Moon, speech and telemetry were recorded on appropriate tape recorders and transmitted to Moscow for processing and translations.”
In addition to intercepting data, Soviet intelligence also collected any information on the Saturn-Apollo program, as it could be used for the USSR's own lunar plans. For example, intelligence officers monitored missile launches from the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, when preparations began for the joint flight of the Soyuz-19 and Apollo CSM-111 spacecraft (ASTP mission), which took place in July 1975, Soviet specialists were allowed to access official information on the ship and rocket. And, as is known, no complaints were made against the American side.
The Americans themselves had complaints. In 1970, that is, even before the completion of the lunar program, a brochure by a certain James Craney was published, “Has Man Landed on the Moon?” (Did man land on the Moon?). The public ignored the brochure, although it was perhaps the first to formulate the main thesis of the “conspiracy theory”: an expedition to the nearest celestial body is technically impossible.
Technical writer Bill Kaysing can rightfully be called the founder of the “moon conspiracy” theory.
The topic began to gain popularity a little later, after the release of Bill Kaysing’s self-published book “We Never Went to the Moon” (1976), which outlined the now “traditional” arguments in favor of the conspiracy theory. For example, the author seriously argued that all deaths of participants in the Saturn-Apollo program were associated with the elimination of unwanted witnesses. It must be said that Kaysing is the only author of books on this topic who was directly related to the space program: from 1956 to 1963, he worked as a technical writer at the Rocketdyne company, which was designing the super-powerful F-1 engine for the rocket. Saturn-5".
However, after being fired “of his own free will,” Kaysing became a beggar, grabbed any job, and probably did not have warm feelings for his previous employers. In the book, which was reprinted in 1981 and 2002, he argued that the Saturn V rocket was a "technical fake" and could never send astronauts on interplanetary flight, so in reality the Apollos flew around the Earth, and the television broadcast was carried out using unmanned vehicles.
Ralph Rene made a name for himself by accusing the US government of faking flights to the moon and organizing the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
At first, they also did not pay attention to Bill Kaysing’s creation. His fame was brought to him by the American conspiracy theorist Ralph Rene, who posed as a scientist, physicist, inventor, engineer and science journalist, but in reality did not graduate from a single higher educational institution. Like his predecessors, Rene published the book “How NASA Showed America the Moon” (NASA Mooned America!, 1992) at his own expense, but at the same time he could already refer to other people’s “research”, that is, he looked not like a loner, but like a skeptic in searching for truth.
Probably, the book, the lion's share of which is devoted to the analysis of certain photographs taken by astronauts, would also have gone unnoticed if the era of television shows had not come, when it became fashionable to invite all kinds of freaks and outcasts to the studio. Ralph Rene managed to make the most of the sudden interest of the public, fortunately he had a well-spoken tongue and did not hesitate to make absurd accusations (for example, he claimed that NASA deliberately damaged his computer and destroyed important files). His book was reprinted many times, each time increasing in volume.
Among the documentaries dedicated to the “lunar conspiracy” theory, there are outright hoaxes: for example, the pseudo-documentary French film “The Dark Side of the Moon” (Opération lune, 2002)
The topic itself also begged for film adaptation, and soon films appeared with claims to be documentaries: “Was it just a paper Moon?” (Was It Only a Paper Moon?, 1997), “What Happened on the Moon?” (What Happened on the Moon?, 2000), “A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Moon” (2001), “Astronauts Gone Wild: An Investigation into the Authenticity of the Moon Landing” Investigation Into the Authenticity of the Moon Landings, 2004) and the like. By the way, the author of the last two films, film director Bart Sibrel, twice pestered Buzz Aldrin with aggressive demands to admit to deception and was eventually punched in the face by an elderly astronaut. Video footage of this incident can be found on YouTube. The police, by the way, refused to open a case against Aldrin. Apparently, she thought the video was faked.
In the 1970s, NASA tried to cooperate with the authors of the “lunar conspiracy” theory and even issued a press release that addressed Bill Kaysing’s claims. However, it soon became clear that they did not want dialogue, but were happy to use any mention of their fabrications for self-PR: for example, Kaysing sued astronaut Jim Lovell in 1996 for calling him a “fool” in one of his interviews.
However, what else can you call the people who believed in the authenticity of the film “The Dark Side of the Moon” (Opération lune, 2002), where the famous director Stanley Kubrick was directly accused of filming all the astronaut landings on the Moon in the Hollywood pavilion? Even in the film itself there are indications that it is a fiction in the mockumentary genre, but this did not stop conspiracy theorists from accepting the version with a bang and quoting it even after the creators of the hoax openly admitted to hooliganism. By the way, another “evidence” of the same degree of reliability recently appeared: this time an interview with a man similar to Stanley Kubrick surfaced, where he allegedly took responsibility for falsifying materials from lunar missions. The new fake was quickly exposed - it was done too clumsily.
Cover-up operation
In 2007, science journalist and popularizer Richard Hoagland co-authored with Michael Bara the book “Dark Mission. Secret History of NASA" (Dark Mission: The Secret History of NASA), which immediately became a bestseller. In this weighty volume, Hoagland summarized his research on the “cover-up operation” - it is allegedly carried out by US government agencies, hiding from the world community the fact of contact with a more advanced civilization that has mastered the solar system long before humanity.
Within the framework of the new theory, the “lunar conspiracy” is considered as a product of the activities of NASA itself, which deliberately provokes an illiterate discussion of the falsification of the lunar landings so that qualified researchers disdain to study this topic for fear of being branded “marginal”. Hoagland deftly fit all modern conspiracy theories into his theory, from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy to “flying saucers” and the Martian “Sphinx.” For his vigorous activity in exposing the “cover-up operation,” the journalist was even awarded the Ig Nobel Prize, which he received in October 1997.
Believers and non-believers
Supporters of the “moon conspiracy” theory, or, more simply, “anti-Apollo” people, are very fond of accusing their opponents of illiteracy, ignorance, or even blind faith. A strange move, considering that it is the “anti-Apollo” people who believe in a theory that is not supported by any significant evidence. There is a golden rule in science and law: an extraordinary claim requires extraordinary evidence. An attempt to accuse space agencies and the global scientific community of falsifying materials of great importance to our understanding of the Universe must be accompanied by something more significant than a couple of self-published books published by an aggrieved writer and a narcissistic pseudo-scientist.
All hours of film footage from the lunar expeditions of the Apollo spacecraft have long been digitized and are available for study.
If we imagine for a moment that in the United States there was a secret parallel space program using unmanned vehicles, then we need to explain where all the participants in this program went: the designers of the “parallel” equipment, its testers and operators, as well as the filmmakers who prepared kilometers of films of the lunar missions. We are talking about thousands (or even tens of thousands) of people who needed to be involved in the “lunar conspiracy.” Where are they and where are their confessions? Let's say they all, including foreigners, swore an oath of silence. But there must remain piles of documents, contracts and orders with contractors, corresponding structures and testing grounds. However, apart from quibbles about some public NASA materials, which are indeed often retouched or presented in a deliberately simplified interpretation, there is nothing. Nothing at all.
However, “anti-Apollo” people never think about such “little things” and persistently (often in an aggressive form) demand more and more evidence from the opposite side. The paradox is that if they, asking “tricky” questions, tried to find answers to them themselves, it would not be difficult. Let's look at the most typical claims.
During the preparation and implementation of the joint flight of the Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft, Soviet specialists were allowed to access official information of the American space program
For example, “anti-Apollo” people ask: why was the Saturn-Apollo program interrupted and its technology lost and cannot be used today? The answer is obvious to anyone who has even a basic understanding of what was happening in the early 1970s. It was then that one of the most powerful political and economic crises in US history occurred: the dollar lost its gold content and was devalued twice; the protracted war in Vietnam was draining resources; youth were swept by the anti-war movement; Richard Nixon was on the verge of impeachment in connection with the Watergate scandal.
At the same time, the total costs of the Saturn-Apollo program amounted to 24 billion dollars (in terms of current prices we can talk about 100 billion), and each new launch cost 300 million (1.3 billion in modern prices) - it is clear that further funding became prohibitive for the shrinking American budget. The Soviet Union experienced something similar in the late 1980s, which led to the inglorious closure of the Energia-Buran program, the technologies of which were also largely lost.
In 2013, an expedition led by Jeff Bezos, the founder of the Internet company Amazon, recovered from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean fragments of one of the F-1 engines of the Saturn 5 rocket that delivered Apollo 11 into orbit.
However, despite the problems, the Americans tried to squeeze a little more out of the lunar program: the Saturn 5 rocket launched the heavy orbital station Skylab (three expeditions visited it in 1973–1974), and a joint Soviet-American flight took place. Soyuz-Apollo (ASTP). In addition, the Space Shuttle program, which replaced the Apollos, used the Saturn launch facilities, and some technological solutions obtained during their operation are used today in the design of the promising American SLS launch vehicle.
Working box with moon rocks in the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility storage
Another popular question: where did the lunar soil brought by astronauts go? Why isn't it being studied? Answer: it has not gone anywhere, but is stored where it was planned - in the two-story Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility building, which was built in Houston, Texas. Applications for soil studies should also be submitted there, but only organizations that have the necessary equipment can receive them. Every year a special commission reviews applications and approves from forty to fifty of them; On average, up to 400 samples are sent out. In addition, 98 samples with a total weight of 12.46 kg are exhibited in museums around the world, and dozens of scientific publications have been published on each of them.
Images of the landing sites of Apollo 11, Apollo 12 and Apollo 17 taken by LRO's main optical camera: the lunar modules, scientific equipment and the “paths” left by the astronauts are clearly visible
Another question in the same vein: why is there no independent evidence of visiting the Moon? Answer: they are. If we discard the Soviet evidence, which is still far from complete, and the excellent space films of the lunar landing sites, which were made by the American LRO apparatus and which “anti-Apollo” people also consider “fake”, then the materials presented by the Indians (the Chandrayaan-1 apparatus) are quite sufficient for analysis ), the Japanese (Kaguya) and the Chinese (Chang'e-2): all three agencies have officially confirmed that they have discovered traces left by the Apollo spacecraft.
"Moon deception" in Russia
By the end of the 1990s, the “moon conspiracy” theory came to Russia, where it gained ardent supporters. Its wide popularity is obviously facilitated by the sad fact that very few historical books on the American space program are published in Russian, so an inexperienced reader may get the impression that there is nothing to study there.
The most ardent and talkative adherent of the theory was Yuri Mukhin, a former engineer-inventor and publicist with radical pro-Stalinist beliefs, noted for historical revisionism. In particular, he published the book “The Corrupt Wench of Genetics,” in which he refutes the achievements of genetics in order to prove that repressions against domestic representatives of this science were justified. Mukhin's style is repulsive with its deliberate rudeness, and he builds his conclusions on the basis of rather primitive distortions.
TV cameraman Yuri Elkhov, who participated in the filming of such famous children's films as “The Adventures of Pinocchio” (1975) and “About Little Red Riding Hood” (1977), undertook to analyze the film footage taken by the astronauts and came to the conclusion that they were fabricated. True, for testing he used his own studio and equipment, which has nothing in common with NASA equipment of the late 1960s. Based on the results of the “investigation,” Elkhov wrote the book “Fake Moon,” which was never published due to lack of funds.
Perhaps the most competent of the Russian “anti-Apollo activists” remains Alexander Popov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, a specialist in lasers. In 2009, he published the book “Americans on the Moon - a great breakthrough or a space scam?”, in which he presents almost all the arguments of the “conspiracy” theory, supplementing them with his own interpretations. For many years he has been running a special website dedicated to the topic, and has now agreed that not only the Apollo flights, but also the Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were falsified. Thus, Popov claims that the Americans made their first flight into orbit only in April 1981 - on the Columbia shuttle. Apparently, the respected physicist does not understand that without extensive previous experience, it is simply impossible to launch such a complex reusable aerospace system as the Space Shuttle the first time.
* * *
The list of questions and answers can be continued indefinitely, but this makes no sense: the views of the “anti-Apollo” are not based on real facts that can be interpreted in one way or another, but on illiterate ideas about them. Unfortunately, ignorance is persistent, and not even Buzz Aldrin's hook can change the situation. We can only hope for time and new flights to the Moon, which will inevitably put everything in its place.
Conversations that Apollo was a scam, in which the launches of the Saturn 5 launch vehicles were real at best, began already in December 1968, during the Apollo 8 flight around the Moon. The campaign to “expose” Apollo begins in 1974, with the publication of the first book on this topic, entitled “We Never Flew to the Moon: The Thirty Billion Fraud,” written by Bill Kaising and Randy Reid. Moreover, Kaising worked at the Rocketdyne company, where engines for the Saturn 5 were manufactured. This fact gave special weight to his opinion.
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Americans haven't been to the moon The role of the USSR Official position of Russia Chinese scientists refute US lunar mission The big space lie about the moon landing |
The theory of falsification of the US lunar program received its most vivid expression in the feature film “Capricorn-1”, filmed in the same USA in 1978. He talked about how NASA used special effects to fake the flight. True, not to the Moon, but to Mars, but the hint was obvious.
The famous American film director Stanley Kubrick, the author of 2001: A Space Odyssey, admitted that, at the request of NASA, he imitated some alleged episodes of astronauts’ activities on the Moon on the set. But there's no malicious intent here: NASA just wasn't sure that the TV broadcast from Selene's surface would be of high enough quality to give viewers an idea of what the astronauts were doing there. So the agency recreated on Earth what should have happened on the Moon.
The most famous Russian author, Yuri Mukhin, wrote the book “Anti-Apollo: The US Moon Scam.” A relatively new argument in anti-Apollo conspiracy theories concerns the engine. If the United States was really able to create such a powerful oxygen-kerosene engine as the F-1 in the mid-1960s (there were five of them on the Saturn 5), then why did they turn to Russia with a request in the late 1990s? sell them the almost half as powerful RD-180, which also runs on oxygen and kerosene?
Is this not confirmation that the Saturn 5 was actually a flying “rattle”, the purpose of which was to create the impression of a super-powerful carrier, supposedly capable of delivering people to the Moon?
They flew to the moon, but lost the films...
That circumstance also raises serious suspicions. that along with the original video recording of the first steps of people on the Moon, films with telemetry recordings of the operation of the lunar module systems and data transmitted via telemetry to Earth about the health of Armstrong and Aldrin during their stay on the Moon also disappeared: in total, about 700 boxes with various kinds of films . However, according to Florida Today, film and television evidence of not only the Apollo 11 mission, but also all eleven Apollo flights, including near-Earth, lunar and landing flights, has gone missing. Total – 13,000 films.
Lies to save the nation
The Americans are a people who have fooled, are fooling, and are fooling all of humanity. Of course, among them there are many honest people who do not want to hide the truth. But the “discoverer” of the North Pole, the American Robert Peary, cannot be included among them. Only in 1970, a parking lot was found in Greenland where Piri sat for two months, not intending to go to the Pole. And then he came and told everyone that he was there. Piri's diaries found in the parking lot told about everything.
But who cared then? The spoon is on its way to dinner... The train has already left, and now the Americans will forever be proud of their Piri, the “discoverer” of the North Pole. You can still read in some geography textbooks that the first person to visit the North Pole was the American Robert Peary. So it is now, all space passions remained in the 20th century, so the Americans will forever remain the people who were the first to set foot on the moon.
Ambitious America, which considered itself the greatest country in the world, could not tolerate the space successes of the USSR.
President Kennedy had no choice but to arrogantly declare:
“By the end of the decade we will land on the moon. Not because it is easy, but because it is difficult.”
America, busy bombing Vietnam, threw crazy money at the Great Task - to wipe the nose of the Russians.
And so in 1969, in the presence of almost a million people gathered at the cosmodrome, a super-powerful giant, the Saturn 5 launch vehicle, launched live.
She carried the Apollo spacecraft and three astronauts. Apollo flew up to the Moon, the landing module separated from it, which landed safely on the Moon, and Neil Armstrong climbed out of the capsule, saying the prepared words: “This is a small step for a person, but a huge step for all humanity” .
For some reason, the American’s eyes do not shine with happiness, like our Yuri’s. The astronauts who “have been to the Moon” are extremely taciturn and do not strive for meetings, unlike our sociable cosmonauts. Armstrong generally lived in a castle with a descending bridge. So 82-year-old Neil Armstrong took his secret to the grave on August 24, 2012.
The world applauded. The Americans planted their flag, collected stones, took pictures, made a movie...
Then the capsule took off from the landing module, docked with Apollo, then a successful splashdown in the Pacific Ocean and the triumph of America at all times.
Triumph, but my mother-in-law doesn’t believe it!
It was America's name day, she went crazy with happiness; neither before nor after have Americans rejoiced so much. Then there were five more successful expeditions...
Of the Soviet space minds, no one doubted it except General Designer Mishin, who replaced the deceased Korolev. During the live report, he smoked all the time and repeated:
“This is impossible, Apollo will not be able to break away from the earth’s orbit and head towards the Moon...”
One must think he knew what he was saying... But then the cheerful voice of the American commentator said: "Apollo has left Earth's orbit and is heading towards the Moon" . Mishin could not understand anything, got up, walked out, slamming the door... He realized that the Americans are smarter than us. We all believed in it, but my wise mother-in-law never wanted to believe it.
Then the voices of skeptics began to be heard more and more often, claiming that there were no flights to the Moon, but there was a hoax. The American space agency NASA shook its finger at this and stated that it would not discuss this issue with anyone. Why discuss with cretins? And journalists and their fellow bloggers turned out to be such idiots...
From his thorough works, a book by Yu. Mukhin was first published "Anti-Apollo" .
Recently published work by physicist A. Popov "Great Breakthrough or Space Scam" represents a huge amount of analyzed facts, which can only be dismissed with the Main Argument in All Disputes - You fool, you don’t understand anything!
The blogosphere is divided into three unequal parts: skeptics; American fans; and the most numerous wise comrades - those who don’t give a damn.
Persistent whys
— Why do the shadows cast by stones clearly converge at an angle, while the shadows from the Sun are always parallel? Spotlight in the studio?
— Why is the surface of the moon illuminated unevenly, while the Sun should illuminate everything equally? Not enough lighting fixtures?
— Why is a crushed cockroach visible in the photograph of Armstrong’s footprint?
— Why do astronauts jump 50 cm in film footage, when they should be 2 meters?
- Why, when every gram of roads had to be transferred to an electric car (rover) and ridden on it?
— Why does the dust from under the wheels of the rover swirl as if in the air?
— Why do the shadows give the calculated height of the Sun 30 degrees, while at that time it was at an angle of 10 degrees?
— Why is the astronaut clearly visible even when the Sun is shining directly at his back? Backlight?
— Why are the stars not visible in the lunar sky?
— Why did the engines of the landing module have to sweep away tons of dust (Armstrong wrote: “We raised dust hundreds of meters”), but under the engine nozzles the dust was pristinely untouched, as if the module had been installed with a truck crane? Etc.
Skeptics of lunar flights argue that astronauts’ 80-centimeter-thick spacesuits on the Moon can serve as salvation from radiation.
— One American specialist generally claims that for a living creature the radiation belt around the Earth is insurmountable.
— During the “flight” to the Moon, Armstrong wanted to go out into space for a walk to get some ice. The footage of Armstrong's spacewalk coincides one-on-one with the footage of astronaut Shepard's spacewalk from the Gemeny spacecraft three years earlier. Only in mirror reflection and the color is slightly changed.
— Footage of how the Earth gradually decreases in size as Apollo moves away from it - a cartoon made from one photograph.
— “The Moon Is Coming” is a similar cartoon.
— A spectacular movie of a flight over the Moon, when the shadow falls on the craters - filming of a huge lunar globe that NASA has.
— The Lunomobile cannot fit into the capsule in size, even when folded.
— During the preparation of “flights to the Moon,” 11 astronauts died in car accidents and otherwise. Sad record. Silence the mouths of those who disagree?
Launch vehicle
Saturn 5 launch vehicle
Some conspiracy theorists believe that the Saturn V rocket was never ready for launch, citing the following arguments:
After the partially unsuccessful test launch of the Saturn 5 rocket on April 4, 1968, a manned flight followed, which, according to N.P. Kamanin, was a “pure gamble” from a safety point of view.
In 1968, 700 employees of the Marshall Space Research Center in Huntsville, Alabama, where the Saturn V was developed, were fired.
In 1970, at the height of the lunar program, the chief designer of the Saturn 5 rocket, Wernher von Braun, was relieved of his post as director of the Center and removed from the leadership of rocket development.
After the end of the lunar program and the launch of Skylab into orbit, the remaining two rockets were not used for their intended purpose, but were sent to the museum.
The absence of foreign cosmonauts who would fly on Saturn 5 or work on the super-heavy object launched into orbit by this rocket - the Skylab station.
Lack of further use of F-1 engines or its descendants on subsequent rockets, in particular, use instead of them on the powerful Atlas-5 rocket.
Also considered is the version about NASA's failures in the creation of hydrogen-oxygen engines. Proponents of this version claim that the second and third stages of the Saturn 5 had kerosene-oxygen engines, like the first stage. The characteristics of such a rocket would not be enough to launch Apollo with a full-fledged lunar module into lunar orbit, but would be enough to fly around the Moon with a manned spacecraft and drop a greatly reduced model of the lunar module onto the Moon.
Photoshop made its way to the moon
Retouched NASA image in original and gamma-corrected form. After gamma correction, digital retouching of the scanned image appears on the photograph.
Retouched NASA image in original and gamma-corrected form. After gamma correction, digital retouching of the scanned image appears on the photograph.
The main exposer of this entire lunar production turned out to be... Photoshop. No one knew that 30 years after the “moon landing” this damned computer program for image processing would appear. When, with her help, maximum brightness and contrast were added to the photographs, instead of an absolute black sky, painted backdrops appeared in the photographs, on which streaks of light from the spotlights and shadows from the astronauts became clearly visible. And there were traces of retouching literally everywhere. The photo was especially touching: the astronaut near the American flag, directly above the flag is the distant Earth. With an increase in brightness and contrast, the astronaut’s shadow became clearly visible in the lunar sky, and the Earth turned out to be a cardboard circle,
And then some more cunning mathematicians, combining two photographs taken with a pause of a few seconds (hence, the camera moved 20 centimeters to the side), calculated the distance to the lunar mountains, which are visible behind the astronauts. According to the globe, they are 5 kilometers away, according to measurements - 100 meters. A backdrop with painted mountains, definitely. And the line between the sandbox and the backdrop is very clearly visible...
Then American fans admitted through clenched teeth: “Well, yes, some things were filmed in Hollywood for clarity. These are Americans. But they were, were, were on the moon!
What color is the Moon? According to NASA, the Moon is gray; according to Soviet scientists, it is brown. On December 15, 2013, the Chinese space mission Chang'e-3 transmitted images from the Moon: The Moon is brown! Then NASA supporters (Vitaly Egorov, aka Zelenyikot) caught on and came up with an explanation: “the white balance was simply not adjusted on the cameras.” This video proves NASA supporters wrong.
Convincing proof of the falsity of photographs allegedly taken on the Moon, which simultaneously show an astronaut, an American flag and the Earth. The proof is based on an analysis of the Earth's appearance using the Celestia astronomy program.
The video uses photographs taken by NASA, whose materials are the property of all mankind. Photos published on flickr by link.
This video was published under the terms of the free Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
To the moon - without preparation?
The hundred-meter-tall Saturn 5 was supposed to deliver a module with a capsule the height of a three-story building to the Moon. The first test of the rocket was called successful. But during the second unmanned takeoff, the rocket began to wobble and explode.
Fragment of the program “Postscript” with Alexey Pushkov dated September 30, 2017.
Yale University professor David Gelernter, science adviser to the American president, denies even the possibility that Americans were on the moon. And he gives reasons...
“How can we organize a mission to Mars for an American team by the mid-2030s if we haven’t even been to the Moon? The idea itself is ridiculous, as is the entire Obama administration.”- said the scientist. — “The Apollo landing is a hoax in human history worse than global warming.”
What is logical to assume in such cases? That's right, you need to test the rocket in unmanned mode until it flies like a clock. Then, again, without pilots, you need to send it to the Moon with its help and carry out all the necessary operations. It is clear that there must be many tests and, according to statistics, half of them will fail.
But in just three weeks, the Americans are sending three astronauts to the Moon. Apollo 8 made a remarkable orbit around the Moon and returned beautifully to Earth. Also, Saturn 5 let us down by throwing Apollo 9, 10 towards the Moon. And then it was the turn of Apollo 11 with Armstrong and others. And everything went according to plan. The most complex space technology suddenly refused to fail. Which god helped the Americans?
The lander has never landed on the Moon without people. The landing capsule, accordingly, did not take off.
However, all six American expeditions to the Moon went off without a hitch. According to the theory of probability, this simply could not happen
Our lunar rocket took off four times and exploded four times, after which the Soviet program was closed, since the Americans “were ahead of us anyway.”
And it was supposed to first send two lunar rovers to our satellite. They had to carefully examine the landing site and choose the most level one. Because if the tilt is more than 12 degrees, the landing module will either not land or the capsule will not take off from it.
Then a spare rocket was supposed to land using radio beacons from the lunar rovers. If it landed safely, lunar rovers would examine it to ensure that it could launch safely from the Moon. Only then would they launch the module with ONE astronaut. A second cosmonaut, and also a lunar mobile, is an unaffordable luxury when every gram counts.
The Americans were not bothered by these little things. After all, the cosmic God kept them.
Fantastic landing accuracy
And on another issue, the Americans rubbed our noses in the air – exactly the landing (splashdown). During landing, Gagarin was carried hundreds of kilometers away; they searched for him from helicopters for almost a day. And then the hits weren’t much closer.
But the splashdown accuracy of the American return capsules was from 2 to 15 kilometers. Amazing result. Ours gnashed their teeth with envy... And only towards the end of the 80s it became clear that, according to the laws of physics, landing with an accuracy of more than 40 kilometers is unattainable. But in the 60s no one knew this yet.
Stones were collected on the moon. Where should we go?
And further. The Americans collectively “collected” as much as 400 kilograms of soil on the Moon. The Soviet automatic station Luna-16 brought only 100 grams. When the Americans were offered to exchange samples for research, they delayed for almost three years and only in 1972 they gave us as much as... 3 grams.
Skeptics claim that it was then, finally, that the Sequeir automatic station secretly flew to the Moon and brought back the same hundred grams of lunar powder. But no one has ever seen those 400 kilos of moon rocks; they are kept behind seven locks and are not given out to anyone.
In total, the Americans gave us 28 grams of regolith - lunar sand, of which three of our automatic stations delivered about three hundred grams. Moonstone - not a single one!
There was a case. when they gave some prince a pebble, but after the prince’s death this pebble turned out to be a piece of petrified wood.
Fragment of the program “Postscript” with Alexey Pushkov from December 23, 2017.
They tracked and tracked, but they didn’t track down
The Americans, like the gypsies who inflate a nag with air in order to sell it to it, fictitiously increased the size of the launch rocket. A. Popov analyzed the take-off of the Saturn-5 rocket frame by frame. And this is what I discovered. A quarter of a second before the separation of the first stage, a bright explosion occurs on the surface of the rocket. And to a hundredth part it becomes clear how the outer hull of this colossus has collapsed, under which a much smaller body of the much less powerful American Saturn 1 rocket was discovered.
The same evil tongues suggested that the Americans simply increased the size of the Saturn 1 with the help of a casing. When it took off and disappeared from view, its remains fell into the ocean.
Unfortunately, our prominent specialist and honored cosmonaut, respected Alexei Leonov, like everyone else, fell for the American bait of deception. He fiercely defends the Americans and repeats all the time: “We tracked all stages of the Apollo flight.” Alas, they didn’t track...
Our space specialists followed the flight just like the whole world, i.e. according to the “picture” provided by NASA. Only two Soviet scientific vessels that were in the Atlantic Ocean could monitor the takeoff of Saturn 5. So, an hour before takeoff, our ships were surrounded by the American Navy and helicopters, which turned on their jammers at full power.
Kennedy's plans are not destined to come true
Yes, at first the Americans honestly and enthusiastically set out to realize Kennedy's dream. But a few years later, having lost 25 billion, they became convinced that this was not yet possible. We need more weeks, months, years, billions, billions... But the Russian turtles have already flown around the Moon. How could this be explained to taxpayers, to Congress?
And then NASA and the CIA created the Great Cold War Hoax.
Of course, many of us want the Russian tricolor to be the first flag planted on the Moon.
But, most likely, it will be a Chinese flag.
The role of the USSR
Yu. A. Gagarin and S. P. Korolev
One aspect of the "moon conspiracy" theory is also attempts to explain the Soviet Union's recognition of the American landing on the Moon. Proponents of the “moon conspiracy” theory believe that the USSR did not have convincing evidence of NASA fraud, other than incomplete human intelligence data (or that the evidence did not appear immediately). The possibility of a conspiracy between the USSR and the USA to conceal the alleged scam is assumed. The following versions of the reasons are cited that could prompt the USSR to enter into a “lunar conspiracy” with the USA and stop its lunar flyby and lunar landing manned lunar programs in the last steps of implementation:
1. The USSR did not immediately recognize the scam.
2. The leadership of the USSR refused public exposure for the sake of political pressure on the United States (through threats of exposure).
3. In exchange for silence, the USSR could receive economic concessions and privileges, such as supplies of wheat at low prices and access to the Western European oil and gas market. Possible assumptions also include personal gifts to the Soviet leadership.
4. The United States had political dirt on the leadership of the USSR.
Fragment of the program “Postscript” with Alexey Pushkov from November 18, 2017.
Fragment of the program “Postscript” with Alexey Pushkov from 12/09/2017.
Opponents express doubts on all points:
1. The USSR closely monitored the US lunar program both according to open sources and through a wide network of agents. Since falsification (if there was one) would require the participation of thousands of people, among them with a very high probability there would be an agent of the Soviet secret services. In addition, the lunar mission was subject to continuous radio and optical surveillance from various points in the USSR, from ships in the World Ocean and, possibly, from aircraft, and the information received was immediately checked by specialists. In such conditions, it is almost impossible not to notice anomalies in the propagation of radio signals. In addition, there were six missions. Therefore, even if the deception had not been detected immediately, it would have been easily detected later.
2. This would probably have been possible in the 1980s, but not in the conditions of the “Moon Race” and the Cold War. In the USSR and in the World in those years there was euphoria from the successes of the Soviet cosmonautics, which reinforced the thesis, fundamental for the USSR and all Marxist movements, about the “superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one.” For the USSR, defeat in the “Moon Race” had significant negative ideological consequences both within the country and in the world, but proof of the failure of the United States and falsification (if it really took place) was a very strong trump card in promoting the ideas of Marxism in the world, which would give new breath to communist movements in the West, which by that time began to lose popularity. Against this background, possible bonuses from a “collusion” with the United States would not look very tempting for the USSR. We should not forget that the late 1960s and early 1970s in the United States were marked by a fierce internal political struggle, and if there had been falsification, it could have been exposed by American politicians themselves during the struggle. In this case, the USSR would not have gained anything from its silence.
3. The principle of Occam’s razor applies here. The reasons for the USSR's entry into the Western European oil and gas market have been well studied and to explain them there is no need to involve a possible conspiracy between the USA and the USSR. The price for the supply of wheat to the USSR was, although slightly lower than the exchange market, but this was due to the huge volumes of supplies, self-pickup of products by the Soviet merchant fleet and a payment system favorable to the West. The version about personal gifts is completely doubtful, since in such a vitally important issue for the superpowers, these gifts obviously had to be very valuable. It’s even difficult to guess their content here. In addition, after the collapse of the USSR, information about them would probably become publicly available.
4. Both before the start of the “Moon Race” and after it The United States carried out a continuous and harsh information campaign to discredit the leadership of the USSR, using both real compromising materials and fakes created by the intelligence services. Among state leaders, a kind of “information immunity” to this kind of propaganda has developed and it is unlikely that in such a situation any new materials would have been taken seriously with political consequences for the USSR.
Fragment of the program “Chapman Secrets. What really happened there?” from 06/02/2017
Official position of Russia
Making it clear to the public that there should be no doubt about the truth of the statement about the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, neither the top leadership of the country nor domestic official science, in response to a direct question, provides a single piece of evidence that would eliminate all doubts and become an unconditional confirmation of their correctness positions on this issue.
And if Russia, as one of the leading space powers in the world, and in the 20th century the USSR is a leader in the space race, cannot cite through the lips of its leader or official science a single convincing fact that proves or disproves the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, then all the information about these flights, published in textbooks, scientific and popular science literature, shown in newsreels, posted in the media, the Internet, displayed on postage stamps, badges, coins, etc., is a simple repetition of the version proposed by the Americans and is based either on the naive faith of people into this version, or, most likely, on the fulfillment by the authors of this product of the will of senior state officials.
What Putin says about the moon landing
What is the position of official Russia today on the issue of American astronauts flying to the Moon? This question is best asked to the head of state, who, by virtue of his status, should be better informed than anyone else about the authenticity of this global event.
A. Anisimov: Good afternoon, Vladimir Vladimirovich, my name is Alexey Anisimov, Novosibirsk city. I have a question. Do you think the Americans landed on the Moon, well, landed on the Moon?
V.V. Putin: I think yes.
A. Anisimov: There is a version that...
V.V. Putin: I know this version, but it seems to me that it is impossible to falsify such an event. This is the same as some who claim that on September 11, the Americans themselves blew up these twin towers and they themselves directed the actions of the terrorists. It's complete nonsense! Brad, this is impossible! ...Complete nonsense! The same applies to the moon landing: it is impossible to falsify an event of this scale.
A. Anisimov: Thank you.
V.V. Putin: We can say that Yuri Gagarin did not fly - anything you want can be invented. Meanwhile, let us not forget about this, after all, our compatriot took the first step into space.
What conclusions can be drawn from this dialogue?
First. V.V. Putin knows the version according to which the Americans faked flights to the Moon.
Second. It turned out that V.V. Putin, being the head of state - a pioneer in space exploration, forty years after the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, does not have reliable data that would allow him to unambiguously answer the question posed: yes, American flights to the Moon are reality, their reliability confirm such and such facts.
Third. V.V. Putin, although he had the opportunity to request information confirming or refuting the official version of the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, from the archives of the special services, the foreign policy department and scientific organizations involved in the study of space, but for unknown reasons did not do this, but expressed my point of view as an ordinary citizen who does not always have the opportunity to obtain reliable information from competent sources.
V.V. Putin’s point of view is that American astronauts landed on the Moon, although no new evidence is provided to support this, it just seems to him that it is impossible to falsify an event of such a scale.
But if enough money is allocated, then anything can be falsified. The only problem is the quality of the fake. And the higher the quality, the more likely the falsification will be perceived as reality.
But, as you know, doubts about the reliability of American flights to the Moon arose in the United States immediately after the completion of these flights and were not dispelled for forty years. It is believed that the basis for these doubts was the results of a close study of materials related to the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, but it can be assumed that the primary source of these doubts was a leak of information made intentionally or accidentally by one of the organizers or performers of the lunar flights.
But be that as it may, in reality, in the end V.V. Putin turned out to be right that it is impossible to falsify such an event, and to be more precise, it is impossible to pass off the falsification of such an event as reality.
The response from the highest-ranking official does not contain any new information confirming the presence of American astronauts on the Moon, but only indicates that the head of state has his own personal opinion on this issue, based on indirect data and analogies.
It is surprising that the official, who by his status has access to any information owned by the state, did not provide a single fact, including from competent sources, confirming the authenticity of these flights, although he is familiar with the version of falsification of flights.
Thus, the head of state’s answer to the question of whether the Americans landed on the Moon did not put an end to the dispute about NASA’s possible falsification of manned flights to the Moon.
Roscosmos has no information
Having expressed his opinion on this issue, V.V. Putin outlined the position of the state, namely, the flights to the moon announced by the Americans are true. This position is supported not by facts, but by the authority of the head of state, and, by default, Russian government structures and official science should be guided by this position.
However, having received the idea that flights to the Moon are a reality, Russian government agencies and official science did not receive convincing facts from either NASA or the country’s leadership confirming the reality of these flights to present to the public.
The question of the Americans being on the Moon was raised before V.V. Putin and in 2012.
Thus, V. Grinev in his article “To be or not to be?” ( Newspaper “In Their Own Names”, N14, April 2, 2013) writes:
“In December of last year, a conference was held by Russian President V.V. Putin, at which anyone could ask the head of state a question of interest to him... and I asked the question in writing: “Were the Americans on the Moon or not?” . The question was not voiced on air, but an answer was soon received from the president’s reception that my question had been accepted and sent to Roscosmos. After some time, a response was received from Roscosmos signed by the Chief Scientific Secretary of the NTS A.G. Milovanov. …Turns out, “Roscosmos does not have information confirming your point of view regarding the American landing on the Moon”. ...You can understand A.G. Milovanov’s answer from two angles: either A.G. Milovanov really does not know about the landing (or non-landing) of Americans on the Moon - which is impossible to believe, or A.G. Milovanov, for one reason or another - what’s more likely is that he didn’t consider it necessary to be frank with me.”
At first glance, it would seem that the right decision was made - to transfer this issue to the relevant department dealing with space issues. But neither Roscosmos nor its predecessors participated in NASA’s program to send a man to the Moon and, accordingly, do not bear any responsibility for the accuracy of reports about these flights. Therefore, formally, Roscosmos cannot have information either confirming or refuting the landing of American astronauts on the Moon.
Of course, an agency such as Roscosmos can be imagined as an expert whose activities are most closely related to the issue under discussion and which, by dealing with space issues, can resolve a long-standing dispute. However, as can be seen from the excerpt from the letter from the Chief Scientific Secretary of the NTS of Roscosmos, Roscosmos is not an expert on this issue. And how can he take on such a role when such famous cosmonauts as G.M. Grechko and A.A. Leonov, who has no doubts about the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, allows the Americans to carry out additional filming of “lunar episodes” in the studio.
The question arises: where should the question about the reliability of the lunar expedition be directed? Without a doubt, to the foreign intelligence service (formerly the KGB of the USSR) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During the Cold War, employees of these departments successfully obtained information important for the security of our country (atomic weapons, military-technical developments, the enemy’s military potential, etc.). It is impossible to imagine that such strategically important information as the first manned flight to the Moon would go unnoticed by these departments.
However, as follows from the above article, the task of confirming or denying the presence of American astronauts on the Moon is placed before Roscosmos, as if the duties of this agency or its predecessors included determining the reliability of information provided by other states in the field of space exploration.
Roscosmos is formally right in answering that it does not have information confirming the falsification of the landing of American astronauts on the Moon. Firstly, Roscosmos officially could not obtain such information from any sources (from senior management, other ministries and departments, foreign states and citizens), Secondly, the task of analyzing and assessing the reliability of information about the flights of American astronauts to the Moon was not set before Roscosmos.
The response from Roscosmos does not refute, but also does not prove, the version accepted by the state that flights of American astronauts to the Moon actually took place.
It would probably be more correct to ask Roscosmos to present evidence confirming the flights of American astronauts to the Moon. But since V.V. Putin cited only one indirect argument as confirmation of these flights, then, apparently, for Roscosmos it would be a problematic task to prove the presence of American astronauts on the Moon.
Voluntary moratorium on the dissemination of information about these flights will allow not to “lose face” and preserve the scientific authority of the authors of works on the flights of American astronauts to the Earth’s natural satellite in the event of receiving direct evidence of the falsification of lunar expeditions by the Americans.
Chinese scientists refute US lunar mission
Chinese scientists began exploring the Moon not so long ago. And the first practical results were obtained about 10 years ago, when the research apparatus was launched “ Chang'e-1"to the Earth's satellite. Over the course of a year, Chang'e 1 collected and transmitted data. These were photographs of the surface, from which a three-dimensional map was subsequently formed.
The second launched device studied a certain area of the Moon, where it was planned to land the next lunar module called “ Chang'e-3" in 2013. China has become the third country in the world to successfully land a research vehicle on the surface of the earth's satellite. However, for technical reasons the module was unable to complete all tasks.
In addition, Chinese scientists are constantly monitoring the space object using modern telescopes and equipment. The purpose of these studies is a detailed study of the surface of the Moon, as well as the search for a landing site for US astronauts. Parts of the proposed American lunar landing site were photographed, as well as an area within a radius of 50 kilometers around.
During these observations, it was possible to examine the lunar craters in detail. Even traces of impacts from large meteorites were visible. The giant Red Star telescope was aimed precisely at the place that, according to NASA documents, is listed as the area where the American lunar module was left after the Apollo expedition. However, the landing stages of the American spacecraft, as well as the Stars and Stripes, never came to the attention of scientists.
Based on the research, Chinese representatives made a statement on the official website of the Chinese Space Agency that the Americans have not been to the Moon. This caused a strong reaction from the public, due to the fact that many do not believe in flights of astronauts from America to the Moon.
Fragment of the program “Postscript” with Alexey Pushkov from 12/01/2018.
The big US space lie about the moon landing
Russia has been and remains a leading space power. But at the same time, she literally has to survive in a serious struggle for orbit. Those who are commonly called “our Western partners” directly declare their superiority in space. And they try to achieve this superiority by all available means. Dozens of military satellites are being launched into the sky, announcing missile threats and preparing to fly to Mars. At the same time, the struggle is not always fair. For example, Russian cosmonauts in foreign blockbusters are shown as unshaven men in earflaps. Or they completely forget about their existence. At the same time, Americans fly into space using Russian engines and undergo training at Russian cosmonautics centers. So who is the boss in orbit?
Video from the Zvezda TV channel from 10/08/2018 │ “Hidden threats” with Nikolai Chindyaykin
MOSCOW, July 20 - RIA Novosti. The famous cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who personally prepared to participate in the Soviet lunar exploration program, denied many years of rumors that American astronauts were not on the Moon, and that the footage broadcast on television around the world was allegedly edited in Hollywood.
He spoke about this in an interview with RIA Novosti on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the first landing in the history of mankind by US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin on the surface of the Earth's satellite, celebrated on July 20.
So were the Americans or were they not on the moon?
“Only absolutely ignorant people can seriously believe that the Americans were not on the Moon. And, unfortunately, this whole ridiculous epic about footage allegedly fabricated in Hollywood began precisely with the Americans themselves. By the way, the first person who began to disseminate these rumors, he was imprisoned for libel,” Alexey Leonov noted in this regard.
Where did the rumors come from?
“And it all started when, at the celebration of the 80th birthday of the famous American film director Stanley Kubrick, who based his brilliant film “2001 Odyssey” on the book of science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke, journalists who met with Kubrick’s wife asked to talk about her husband’s work on the film in Hollywood studios. And she honestly reported that there are only two real lunar modules on Earth - one in a museum, where no filming has ever been carried out, and it is even forbidden to go with a camera, and the other is in Hollywood, where, to develop the logic of what is happening on the screen, Additional filming of the American landing on the Moon was carried out,” the Soviet cosmonaut specified.
Why was studio additional filming used?
Alexey Leonov explained that in order for the viewer to be able to see on the movie screen the development of what is happening from beginning to end, elements of additional shooting are used in any movie.
“It was impossible, for example, to film Neil Armstrong’s real opening of the hatch of the descent ship on the Moon - there was simply no one to film it from the surface! For the same reason, it was impossible to film Armstrong’s descent to the Moon along the ladder from the ship. These are the moments that were actually filmed Kubrick in Hollywood studios to develop the logic of what was happening, and laid the foundation for numerous gossips that the entire landing was allegedly simulated on the set,” explained Alexey Leonov.
Where truth begins and editing ends
“The real shooting began when Armstrong, who first set foot on the Moon, got used to it a little, installed a highly directional antenna through which he was broadcasting to Earth. His partner Buzz Aldrin then also left the ship on the surface and began filming Armstrong, who in turn filmed its movement on the surface of the Moon,” the astronaut said.
Why did the American flag fly in the airless space of the moon?
“The argument is made that the American flag fluttered on the Moon, but it shouldn’t have. The flag really shouldn’t have fluttered - the fabric was used with a rather rigid reinforced mesh, the panel was twisted into a tube and tucked into a cover. The astronauts took with them a nest, which they first inserted into the lunar soil, and then they stuck the flag pole into it, and only then removed the cover. And when the cover was removed, the flag panel began to unfold in conditions of reduced gravity, and the residual deformation of the springy reinforced mesh created the impression that the flag was fluttering as if in the wind." , - explained the “phenomenon” Alexey Leonov.
“To argue that the entire film was shot on Earth is simply absurd and ridiculous. The USA had all the necessary systems that monitored the very launch of the launch vehicle, acceleration, correction of the flight orbit, flight around the Moon by the descent capsule and its landing,” - concluded the famous Soviet cosmonaut.
What did the “moon race” lead to between two space superpowers?
“My opinion is that this is the best competition in space that humanity has ever carried out. The “moon race” between the USSR and the USA is the achievement of the highest peaks of science and technology,” says Alexey Leonov.
According to him, after Yuri Gagarin's flight, US President Kennedy, speaking in Congress, said that the Americans were simply too late to think about the triumph that could be achieved by launching a man into space, and therefore the Russians triumphantly became the first. Kennedy's message was clear: within ten years, land a man on the moon and return him safely back to Earth.
“This was a very right step by a great politician - he united and rallied the American nation to achieve this goal. Huge funds were also involved at that time - 25 billion dollars, today it is, perhaps, all fifty billion. The program included a flyby of the Moon, then Tom Stafford's flight to the hovering point and selection of a landing site on Apollo 10. The departure of Apollo 11 included the direct landing of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon, while Michael Collins remained in orbit and waited for the return of his comrades. - said Alexey Leonov.
18 Apollo-type ships were made to prepare for the landing on the Moon - the entire program was implemented perfectly, except for Apollo 13 - from an engineering point of view, nothing special happened there, it simply failed, or rather, one of the fuel elements exploded , the energy weakened, and therefore it was decided not to land on the surface, but to fly around the Moon and return to Earth.
Alexey Leonov noted that only the first flyby of the Moon by Frank Borman, then the landing of Armstrong and Aldrin on the Moon and the story of Apollo 13 remained in the memory of Americans. These achievements united the American nation and made every person empathize, walk with their fingers crossed and pray for their heroes. The last flight of the Apollo series was also extremely interesting: American astronauts no longer just walked on the Moon, but drove on its surface in a special lunar vehicle and took interesting photographs.
In fact, it was the peak of the Cold War, and in this situation, the Americans, after the success of Yuri Gagarin, simply had to win the “moon race.” The USSR then had its own lunar program, and we also implemented it. By 1968, it had already existed for two years, and crews of our cosmonauts were even formed for the flight to the Moon.
On censorship of human achievements
“The American launches as part of the lunar program were broadcast on television, and only two countries in the world - the USSR and communist China - did not broadcast this historical footage to their people. I thought then, and now I think - in vain, we simply robbed our people , the flight to the Moon is the heritage and achievement of all mankind. The Americans watched Gagarin’s launch, Leonov’s spacewalk - why couldn’t the Soviet people see this?!”, laments Alexei Leonov.
According to him, a limited group of Soviet space specialists watched these launches on a closed channel.
“We had military unit 32103 on Komsomolsky Prospekt, which provided space broadcasts, since there was no control center in Korolev at that time. We, unlike all other people in the USSR, saw the landing of Armstrong and Aldrin on the Moon, broadcast by the USA throughout world. The Americans placed a television antenna on the surface of the Moon, and everything they did there was transmitted through a television camera to the Earth, and several repetitions of these television broadcasts were also made. When Armstrong stood on the surface of the Moon, and everyone in the USA clapped, we are here in the USSR. , Soviet cosmonauts, also crossed their fingers for luck, and sincerely wished the guys success,” recalls the Soviet cosmonaut.
How the Soviet lunar program was implemented
“In 1962, a decree was issued, signed personally by Nikita Khrushchev, on the creation of a spacecraft to fly around the Moon and use a Proton launch vehicle with an upper stage for this launch. In 1964, Khrushchev signed a program for the USSR to fly around the Moon in 1967 , and in 1968 - landing on the Moon and returning to Earth. And in 1966 there was already a resolution on the formation of lunar crews - a group was immediately recruited for landing on the Moon,” recalled Alexey Leonov.
The first stage of the flight around the Earth's satellite was to be carried out by launching the L-1 lunar module using a Proton launch vehicle, and the second stage - landing and returning back - on a giant and powerful N-1 rocket, equipped with thirty engines with a total thrust of 4.5 thousands of tons, with the rocket itself weighing about 2 thousand tons. However, even after four test launches, this super-heavy rocket never flew normally, so it had to be abandoned in the end.
Korolev and Glushko: the antipathy of two geniuses
“There were other options, for example, using a 600-ton engine developed by the brilliant designer Valentin Glushko, but Sergei Korolev refused it, since it worked on highly toxic heptyl. Although, in my opinion, this was not the reason - just two leaders , Korolev and Glushko - could not and did not want to work together. Their relationship had its own problems of a purely personal nature: Sergei Korolev, for example, knew that Valentin Glushko had once written a denunciation against him, as a result of which he was sentenced to ten years. When Korolev was released, he found out about this, but Glushko did not know that he knew about it,” said Alexey Leonov.
A small step for a man, but a giant leap for all mankind
NASA's Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969, with a crew of three astronauts: commander Neil Armstrong, lunar module pilot Edwin Aldrin and command module pilot Michael Collins, became the first to reach the Moon in the USSR-US space race. The Americans did not pursue research objectives in this expedition; its goal was simple: to land on the Earth’s satellite and return successfully.
The ship consisted of a lunar module and a command module, which remained in orbit during the mission. Thus, of the three astronauts, only two went to the Moon: Armstrong and Aldrin. They had to land on the moon, collect samples of lunar soil, take photographs on the Earth's satellite and install several instruments. However, the main ideological component of the trip was the hoisting of the American flag on the moon and the holding of a video communication session with the Earth.
The launch of the ship was observed by US President Richard Nixon and the scientist-creator of German rocket technology, Hermann Oberth. A total of about a million people watched the launch at the cosmodrome and mounted observation platforms, and the television broadcast, according to the Americans, was watched by more than a billion people all over the world.
Apollo 11 launched toward the moon on July 16, 1969 at 1332 GMT and entered lunar orbit 76 hours later. The command and lunar modules were undocked approximately 100 hours after launch. Despite the fact that NASA intended to land on the lunar surface in automatic mode, Armstrong, as the commander of the expedition, decided to land the lunar module in semi-automatic mode.
The lunar module landed in the Sea of Tranquility on July 20 at 20 hours 17 minutes 42 seconds GMT. Armstrong descended to the surface of the Moon on July 21, 1969 at 02:56:20 GMT. Everyone knows the phrase he said when he set foot on the moon: “That’s one small step for a man, but one giant leap for all mankind.”
15 minutes later Aldrin walked onto the moon. The astronauts collected the required amount of materials, placed instruments and installed a television camera. After that, they placed an American flag in the camera's field of view and conducted a communication session with President Nixon. The astronauts left a memorial plaque on the Moon with the words: “Here people from planet Earth first set foot on the Moon. July 1969 AD. We come in peace on behalf of all Mankind.”
Aldrin spent about an hour and a half on the moon, Armstrong - two hours and ten minutes. At the 125th hour of the mission and the 22nd hour of being on the Moon, the lunar module launched from the surface of the Earth's satellite. The crew splashed down on the blue planet approximately 195 hours after the start of the mission, and soon the astronauts were picked up by an aircraft carrier that arrived in time.
There was a time when no one expected that Earth’s cosmic neighbor could puzzle scientists with so many secrets. Many imagined the Moon as a lifeless stone ball covered with craters, and on its surface there were ancient cities, mysterious huge mechanisms and UFO bases.
Photographs of UFOs taken by astronauts on lunar expeditions have long been published. Facts suggest that all American flights to the Moon took place under the complete control of aliens. What did the first man on the moon see? Let us recall the words of Neil Armstrong intercepted by American radio amateurs:
Armstrong: “What is this? What the hell is the matter? I would like to know the truth, what is it?”
NASA: "What's going on? Is something wrong?
Armstrong: “There are big objects here, sir! Huge! Oh my God! There are other spaceships here! They are standing on the other side of the crater. They are on the Moon and are watching us!”
Much later, quite interesting reports appeared in the press, which said that the Americans on the Moon were directly given to understand: the place was occupied, and earthlings had nothing to do here... Allegedly, there were even almost hostile actions on the part of the aliens.
Thus, astronauts Cernan and Schmitt observed a mysterious explosion of the lunar module antenna. One of them transmitted to the command module located in orbit:
“Yes, she exploded. Something flew over her just before... it's still..."
At this time, another astronaut enters the conversation: “Lord! I thought we were going to get hit by this... this... just look at this thing!”
After the lunar expeditions, Wernher von Braun said: “There are extraterrestrial forces that are much stronger than we imagined. I have no right to say anything more about this.”
Apparently, the inhabitants of the Moon did not greet the Earth’s envoys very warmly, since the Apollo program was terminated ahead of schedule, and the three completed ships remained unused.
Apparently, the meeting was so cool that both the USA and the USSR forgot about the Moon for decades, as if there was nothing interesting on it.
After the famous panic in the United States in October 1938, the authorities of this country do not risk traumatizing their citizens with messages about the reality of aliens. After all, then, during the radio broadcast of H. Wells’ novel “The War of the Worlds,” thousands of people believed that the Martians had actually attacked the Earth. Some fled the cities in panic, others hid in basements, others built barricades and prepared to repel the invasion of terrible monsters with weapons in their hands...
It is not surprising that all information about aliens on the Moon was classified. As it turned out, not only the presence of aliens on the Earth’s satellite was hidden from the world community, but also the presence on it of the ruins of ancient cities, mysterious structures and mechanisms.
RUINS OF GRAND BUILDINGS
On October 30, 2007, the former head of NASA's lunar laboratory photography service, Ken Johnston, and writer Richard Hoagland held a press conference in Washington, reports about which immediately appeared in all the world's news channels.
And this is not surprising, because it was a sensation that caused the effect of a bomb exploding. Johnston and Hoagland stated that at one time American astronauts discovered on the Moon the ruins of ancient cities and artifacts indicating the existence of some highly developed civilization on it in the distant past.
At the press conference, photographs of objects of clearly artificial origin present on the lunar surface were shown.
As Johnston admitted, NASA removed all details that could raise suspicion about their artificial origin from lunar photographic materials that were made publicly available.
“I saw with my own eyes how in the late 60s NASA employees were ordered to paint over the lunar sky on the negatives,” Johnston recalls. - When I asked: “Why?”, they explained to me: “So as not to mislead the astronauts, because the sky on the Moon is black!”
According to Ken, in a number of photographs, intricate configurations appeared as white stripes against the backdrop of a black sky, which were the ruins of grandiose buildings that once reached a height of several kilometers.
Of course, if such photographs were made publicly available, inconvenient questions would not be avoided. Richard Hoagland showed reporters a photograph of a grandiose structure - a glass tower, which the Americans called a “castle.” This may be one of the tallest structures discovered on the Moon.
Hoagland made a rather interesting statement: “Both NASA and the Soviet space program have separately discovered that we are not alone in the Universe. There are ruins on the moon, the legacy of a culture that was much more enlightened than we are now."
SO THAT THE SENSATION DOESN'T BE A SHOCK
By the way, in the second half of the 90s a similar briefing on the topic was already held. The official press release then read: “On March 21, 1996, at a briefing at the National Press Club in Washington, NASA scientists and engineers involved in the lunar and Mars exploration programs reported the results of processing the information received. For the first time, the existence of artificial structures and man-made objects on the Moon was announced.”
Of course, already at that briefing, journalists asked why such sensational facts were hidden for so long? Here is the answer from one of the NASA employees at the time: “... 20 years ago it was difficult to predict how people would react to the message that someone was or is on the Moon in our time. In addition, there were other reasons not related to NASA."
It's worth noting that NASA appears to have intentionally leaked information about extraterrestrial intelligence on the Moon.
It's hard to explain otherwise that George Leonard, who published his book There's Someone Else on Our Moon in 1970, wrote it based on numerous photographs that NASA had access to. It is curious that the entire circulation of his book almost instantly disappeared from store shelves. It is believed that it could have been bought in bulk to prevent the book from becoming widely distributed.
Leonard writes in his book: “They believed in the complete lifelessness of the Moon, but the data tell a different story. Decades before the space age, astronomers mapped hundreds of strange “domes,” observed “cities that grow,” and single lights, explosions, and geometric shadows were noticed by both professionals and amateurs.”
He provides an analysis of numerous photographs in which he was able to distinguish both artificial structures and gigantic mechanisms of amazing size.
There is a feeling that the Americans have developed some kind of plan to gradually prepare their population, and humanity as a whole, to the idea that an extraterrestrial civilization has settled on the Moon.
Most likely, this plan even included the myth of a lunar scam: well, since the Americans did not fly to the Moon, it means that all reports about aliens and cities on the earth’s satellite cannot be considered reliable.
So, first came George Leonard's book, which was not widely read, then the 1996 briefing, which attracted wider attention, and finally the 2007 press conference, which became a worldwide sensation. And this did not lead to any shocks, because there was never an official statement from the American authorities, or even from NASA itself.
WILL EARTHLY ARCHAEOLOGISTS BE ALLOWED ON THE MOON?
Richard Hoagland was lucky enough to obtain photographs taken by Apollo 10 and Apollo 16, in which the city was clearly visible in the Sea of Crisis. The photographs show towers, spiers, bridges and viaducts. The city is located under a transparent dome, damaged in some places by large meteorites.
This dome, like many structures on the Moon, is made of a material that looks like crystal or fiberglass.
Ufologists write that, according to secret research by NASA and the Pentagon, the “crystal” from which lunar structures are made is similar in structure to steel, and in terms of strength and durability it has no terrestrial analogues.
Who created transparent domes, lunar cities, “crystal” castles and towers, pyramids, obelisks and other artificial structures, sometimes reaching dimensions of several kilometers?
Some researchers suggest that millions, and perhaps tens of thousands of years ago, the Moon served as a transit base for some extraterrestrial civilization that had its own goals on Earth.
There are other hypotheses. According to one of them, lunar cities were built by a powerful earthly civilization that died as a result of war or a global cataclysm.
Having lost support from Earth, the lunar colony withered and ceased to exist. Of course, the ruins of lunar cities are of great interest to scientists. Their study could provide answers to many questions related to the ancient history of earthly civilization, and perhaps it would be possible to learn some high technologies. But will its current owners allow earthly archaeologists to go to the Moon?