Along with the literary language, there is a huge lexical layer called slang. Answering the question: “Slang - what is it?”, it should be noted that these are words that are not commonly used; they are usually used by a specific, certain circle of people in common parlance. Although in some cases it is also found in fiction, if the author needs to convey the living speech of a character.
Composition of slang
Slang did not arise out of nowhere. It just appeared quite recently. Just a couple of decades ago, people didn’t use the word “slang”; they didn’t know what it was. But there were such definitions as jargon, argot, vulgarism, obscene language, dialectisms, vernacular, and professionalism. Today, all these separate lexical layers have merged together, forming a group called “slang”. What it is, whether the Russian language needs it, is a controversial question that cannot be answered unequivocally.
Slang that has no place in the language
It is safe to say that the presence of jargon, argot, obscene language and vulgarisms in speech greatly spoil the language. Therefore, every self-respecting cultured person needs to avoid using this kind of words. Unfortunately, today even the media, venerable writers and politicians consider it possible to use base slang, calling this position linguistic democratization. Many pseudoscientists add ridiculous evidence to their platform, trying to convincingly argue the harmlessness of the layer of speech in question. In fact, such an attitude towards language is the first step towards lack of culture and loss of national pride. We can explain the reason for the emergence of this slang group, but we should not forget that swearing and obscene language are a curse that falls on the speaker himself.
Professionalisms as part of slang
There is a semantic group of lexical units called “professional slang”. words that are not considered generally accepted, but are used exclusively by a group of people of a particular profession. For example, among sailors, flasks represent bells that chime the hours. And railway workers call a shoe a device used to brake cars. This also includes computer slang: “clave” - keyboard, “mother” - motherboard, “window” - Windows operating system, “dead” - spoiled, and so on. And since almost all young people today are interested in computers, computer professionalism is also included in youth slang. Let's look at what this is next.
The language of the young: you can’t do without a translator!
Indeed, this layer of Russian vocabulary is quite difficult to understand for an ordinary person who does not move among the younger generation. You can even compile a dictionary of informal vocabulary that young people use. For example, “gamka” is the name for chewing gum, and “razvodyaga” is for fraud. “Gansyuk” - this word in the mouths of young people means a German, and “diss” is the name of a rap that humiliates the work of another rapper. It’s interesting that today the word “lavrukha” is used to describe money. And quite recently, the slang words “cabbage” and “grandmothers” were synonymous with financial resources, which happily migrated from the youth lexicon into the vernacular.
Spoken slang
Many words from narrow professional vocabulary or youth slang pass into the speech of most people. For example, drug addiction doctors began to call delirium tremens “squirrel” among themselves. Social networks are filled with lol pictures illustrating the process of transferring meaning from a phrase to a homonym word. People also often use the words “shabashka” or “kalym” - part-time work, “bayan” - an old joke, “bearded joke”. Most lexemes have become colloquial slang due to changes in their etymological meaning. Take, for example, the word “bitch”, which, by the way, means the dead carcass of an animal (that’s why vultures). At first it became a definition of the type of woman and had a negative connotation. But today the negative connotation has evaporated, and being called a bitch is not only not offensive, but also prestigious. Many words appear in colloquial slang by shortening their names. These are: “telly”, “great”, “microwave”, “washing machine”, “store”, “sotik”, “computer”, “laptop” and others. There is another way words appear in colloquial slang - this is the use of foreign units adapted to the Russian language by adding endings or letter (incorrect) reading. The first case can be illustrated by the word “ahtung” - to pay attention, and the second case is demonstrated by the word “girl”.
Thus, slang is informal vocabulary, the use of which is unacceptable in literary speech, with the exception of artistic techniques. The language of a politician or teacher who litters his speech with slang words, thus trying to “get closer” to the people, is perceived as inappropriate and vulgar.
When communicating, people often pepper their speech with peculiar words and phrases that are jargon or slang. It is difficult to draw a clear line between these variants of vocabulary, but still in some points you can see the difference.
General information
Jargon- specific words and expressions that initially arise during communication between people connected by the same profession, social status or having other common interests. The purpose of using jargon is not only to express one’s belonging to a certain group and to make speech more expressive, but also to accelerate communication and mutual understanding. After all, many words that are unsuitable for official instructions can bring noticeable convenience to the business conversation of professionals.
Jargons come from literary language. In this case, vocabulary is subject to rethinking, metaphorization, reduction and other changes. Examples of jargon: paradka - dress clothes (army jargon), skier - a patient leaning on a crutch (medical jargon), lean back - free yourself (prison jargon). In terms of the degree of openness to the entire linguistic community, jargon occupies an intermediate niche between “secret” argot, serving the interests of narrow circles, and slang.
Slang– popular vocabulary that does not meet the requirements of the language and is often familiar to one degree or another. The emotional connotation of such words and phrases can vary from playful and friendly to dismissive and cynical. Slang is mainly used in casual communication situations. Examples of slangisms: get out - bother, get into - understand, waste - excellent. Slang vocabulary is often expanded by referring to other languages. For example, in the word “to be angry” (to get angry), a borrowing from English speech can be traced.
Comparison
Thus, jargon is characterized by a more rigid social-group orientation. Some of this vocabulary relates to special terminology that only some people can understand. The difference between jargon and slang is that jargon appears in a specific group, often in connection with some innovations or developments. Slang, in addition to its own word formation, often draws its material from the jargon of different groups of society, selecting the most common and popular. Based on this, slang is sometimes called general jargon.
It should be noted that special words, penetrating from the sphere of communication of one or another group of people into common speech, often somewhat change their original meaning. For example, in certain circles the “six” is the name given to someone who serves thieves. In ordinary language, such a word can be used to contemptuously call an insignificant person.
Slang, due to its lightness and mobility, is more associated with youth speech, but it also enjoys considerable popularity among older people. In general, compared to jargon, slang is more widespread. His social limitations, although present, are quite vague. The carriers of the same slangisms can be people of different professions and educational status, who have a criminal past and are quite decent and intelligent.
What is the difference between jargon and slang? Jargon is something more established, many of the words in it are very old. Slang is more tied to the current historical time. He is sensitive to the changes taking place in the life of society and accurately reflects the latest trends in the new trendy vocabulary.
ACCORDING TO DICTIONARIES
JARGON, - [French. jargon] Some kind of speech. a social or professional group containing a large number of words and expressions unique to this group (often artificial, secret or conventional); Argo. Student, youth Marine railway Vorovskaya. Use jargon. Speak jargon.
SLANG, [English] slang] 1. Speech of a socially or professionally isolated group; jargon. 2. Elements of speech that do not coincide with the norm of the literary language (usually expressively colored).
ARGO, [French argot]. Linguistic Some kind of speech a small social closed group that differs from the national language in vocabulary, but does not have its own phonetics and grammatical system; jargon. Vorovskoe a.
A COMMENT
These three terms have both similarities and differences. All of them belong to the language of certain social or professional groups, but differ in the degree of isolation, in the volume of use in speech and in the level of stability and renewal.
ARGO is the language of a closed SOCIAL group with a complete replacement of commonly used vocabulary.
JARGON spans both social and professional groups; in addition, he is less closed towards these groups and is not completely isolated from ordinary speech.
SLANG is the same jargon, but even more vague, it can go beyond social and professional groups and is used by ordinary users to denote the expression of speech. In addition, its composition is constantly changing and updating, which is most characteristic of the youth environment. Accordingly, youth slang is often spoken about.
Are you in favor of grandparents actively mastering slang in order to be able to understand their grandchildren? Stopping a few steps away, they looked at Dolores and made jokes, the underground meaning of which he had not yet grasped - perhaps it was some kind of youth slang. Oh, this newfangled slang, I’ll never get used to it, sir, excuse the old woman). This slang is already familiar to ordinary people who watch TV carefully.
“Bepeshka” (from BP - without breed) is professional slang for “horse people”. Bank money, sorry for the slang, is ruined. This is also his latest performance - despite today's slang, he came to 2002 from another time. We won’t be executed for such songs, but they won’t be played on the radio either; even light slang is not welcome there. This slang is already familiar to ordinary people who carefully watch TV.
Previously, jargon was the province of distinct social and professional groups. (Sergey Dovlatov). Well, I knew how to track (follow a trail, hunting jargon - RR). Computer jargon is the world's fastest growing language.
The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.
Meaning of the word slang
slang in the crossword dictionary
New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
slang
m. A set of words and expressions used by representatives of certain groups, professions, etc. and constituting a layer of colloquial vocabulary that does not correspond to the norms of the literary language (usually in relation to English-speaking countries).
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
slang
SLANG (English slang)
Many words and phrases that began their existence as slang have now become firmly established in the literary language. Examples in Russian include the words “cheat sheet”, “hype”, “fail”.
Unlike colloquial expressions, slang is actively used in their speech by educated people, representatives of a certain age or professional group (for example, aka or ZY in computer slang). Often this is precisely what emphasizes belonging to a certain group of people. A well-known example is youth slang.
In terms of functional use, slang is closely related to controlled languages, in particular simplified technical languages, however, unlike them, slang usually does not imply strict formal regulation and reflects the living development of spoken language.
Linguists distinguish the so-called “new vernacular,” which is a large group of non-standard lexical and phraseological units, constantly replenished by various sociolects. These units go beyond the professional and corporate. In Russian we are talking about such nominative units as money, go crazy, get it , make you sick , steep, to hang noodles on one's ears, cop, give it to your paw, on the ball, bummer, lotion, do not care, funny, cool, Cool, showdown, trudge, tugriks, party, go clubbing, party, bullshit and the like. The main sources of such words in the Russian language are youth slang and criminal jargon.
Examples of the use of the word slang in literature.
Isn’t this where that gigantic layer of linguistic finds comes from, all these jargons, slang and the argot he overheard among the people?
The merchant raised her head and burst into speech in city slang - too richly equipped slang, so that Kerwin understood something - and handed him a fish on a green leaf.
From his place he could not see the players, but he was ready to translate at any second, breaking his tongue on the untranslatable poker slang.
This is apparently the Brentford rhyme again slang fifth generation, which I don't think is particularly smart or particularly funny.
Although, in my opinion, it is much more interesting than the Brentford Rhyme slang, I bet you won't last long.
However, both the rhythm of free verse and Plath’s poetic vocabulary with its contrast between archaic or book vocabulary and elements slang include her work in the panorama of modern US poetry.
The word came into the thieves' argot not at all from the jargon of gamblers, but from slang antique dealers of the last century, primarily dealers in icons.
But suddenly Alexander Mikhailovich descended from the linguistic heights to slang small-town street, and then the audience roared with laughter, and on stage the artists wiped away their tears.
You know, old man,” Austin continued, maintaining the same casual tone and university slang, which Kea has already forgotten - we’ll think about it later.
Kea realized that sometimes it can be quite useful to use the student slang- Austin just adored him.
Yeah, give the stupid bastard some noodles and put someone else in his place,” said Grillparzer, using SS slang to indicate a bullet to the back of the head.
In just two years slang Earth's household machines have changed so much that a special translation was required.
“It’s always nice to meet a fellow countryman, Newami,” Creighton responded, and how easily he used slang, characteristic of the southern part of New America, pleased her.
In the process, he learned all relevant structures, including traditional rhyme slang cockney.
Now I'm used to the local slang, but then, talking with the guy at the gate of the village, I didn’t miss his words even half a meter.
Slang slang (English slang), expressive and emotionally charged vocabulary of colloquial speech that deviates from the accepted literary language norm (the term “S.” is most often used in relation to the English language and its functioning in England and the USA). Distributed mainly among schoolchildren, students, military personnel, and young workers. S. is subject to frequent changes, which makes it a linguistic sign of generations. Easily penetrating the literary language, it is used for speech characteristics of characters and author’s speech; for example, in Sov. literature by F. I. Panferov, F. V. Gladkov, I. E. Babel, I. Ilf and E. Petrov, V. Aksenov and others, in English and American literature by C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, J. Galsworthy, T. Dreiser, J.D. Salinger and others. The term “S.” is a partial synonym for the terms argot and jargon. Lit.: Galperin I.R., On the term “slang”, “Issues of Linguistics”, 1956, No. 6 (lit.); Schweitzer A.D., Some current problems of sociolinguistics, “Foreign languages at school”, 1969, No. 3 (lit.); Skvortsov L.I., On assessments of the language of youth, “Issues of speech culture”, 1964, century. 5 (lit.). T.V. Ventzel.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
Synonyms:See what “Slang” is in other dictionaries:
Slang, a [le] ... Russian word stress
slang- slang, and... Russian spelling dictionary
slang- slang/… Morphemic-spelling dictionary
- (from the English slang) terminological field, a set of special words or new meanings of existing words used in various human associations (professional, social, age and other... ... Wikipedia
- [English] slang] slang, often youth; interspersing English or American colloquial vocabulary into speech. Wed. ARGO, JARGON. Dictionary of foreign words. Komlev N.G., 2006. slang (English slang) in English words or expressions used... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Slang- (English slang) 1) the same as jargon (in domestic literature mainly in relation to English-speaking countries). 2) A set of jargon that makes up a layer of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary
A; m. [English] slang] 1. Speech of a socially or professionally isolated group; jargon. 2. Elements of speech that do not coincide with the norm of the literary language (usually expressively colored). ◁ Slang, oh, oh. Oh word. Designation of the item. * * … encyclopedic Dictionary
- (jargon, argot), a type of language, primarily vocabulary, fashionable in certain social groups, often youth. Slang uses the resources of other languages, so modern slang is replete with Americanisms. Literature and language. Modern... ... Literary encyclopedia
Jargon Dictionary of Russian synonyms. slang noun, number of synonyms: 2 argot (9) jargon (15) ... Synonym dictionary
slang- slang. Pronounced [slang] and acceptable [slang]… Dictionary of difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian language
- (English slang), 1) the same as jargon, mainly in English-speaking countries. 2) A layer of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude towards the subject of speech and not coinciding with the norm of the literary language (blat... Modern encyclopedia
Books
- Slang as a problem of sociolectics, A. T. Lipatov. The monograph - multilaterally and in a broad aspect - examines the problems of slang as part of Russian and European sociolectics; issues of etymology and history of slang in its...
- Hippie slang. Materials for the dictionary, F. I. Rozhansky. The first professionally prepared dictionary of the language of Russian hippies based on material from Moscow, St. Petersburg and other big cities. The language includes a powerful layer of transformed Anglicisms,…