Tibetan language

Roerich Yu.N.
Series "Linguistic Heritage of the 20th Century"
URSS, Moscow, 2001
The essay "Tibetan Language", written by Professor Yu. N. Roerich, is a historical description of the Tibetan literary written language.
For the work of Yu.N. Roerich is characterized by a clear distinction between the vocabulary of written literary and spoken Tibetan language. Words and expressions related to the spoken language, in addition to the transliteration with which all Tibetan words are provided, also have a phonological transcription developed on the basis of Russian graphics and reflecting the sound composition Lhasa dialect.
This book can serve as an introduction to the study of the Tibetan language and is intended for researchers, teachers and university students.

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Tibetan Grammar

Dubik O.V.
Publisher: Buddhist Institute "Dashi-Choinkhorlin". Ivolginsky datsan, 1998

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Size: 1.05 MB

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Grammar of the Tibetan language [Dubik]

Tibetan Grammar

Schmidt J. – 1839

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Textbook of classical Tibetan language

Textbook of classical Tibetan language with reader and dictionary
M. Khan. translation from German by A.V. Paribka
St. Petersburg, 2002

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Textbook of Classical Tibetan Language [Khan]

Tibetan speaking textbook
and written language

Translation from German

"The text of the book is based on the material of the classes in which the editor of this book ( Albrecht Frasch) was present at the Marpa Institute of Translators in Kathmandu. This institute is headed by mentor Tsultim Gyamtso Rinpoche. His students are the elite among those who translate from Tibetan; One can hardly find among the translators in the Karma Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism who did not study with him.
Grammar comments taken mainly from the brochure "Tibetian Grammar - Selected Topics", which was compiled by the doctor Karl Brunnhölzl at the Karmapa International Buddhist Institute in New Delhi.

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Textbook of Tibetan spoken and written language

Komarova I.N.
Publisher: Eastern Literature" RAS, 1995

The monograph is devoted to the current problem of Tibetan writing. In the work, based on the traditional identification of the constituent elements of the Tibetan graphic syllable, the structural features of syllabographemes are revealed, characterized by strict combinatorial combination and functional heterogeneity of elements, and a number of significant provisions are introduced into the theory of Tibetan writing.
The work also examines issues related to the phonological system of the Lhasa dialect of the Tibetan language.

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Tibetan script [Komarov]
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Tibetan language

Tibetan language
belongs to the large family of Sino-Tibetan languages.

Together with Burmese, it forms the Tibeto-Burman group, which also includes the Bodo, Naga-Kachin languages ​​(Assam, India) and the languages ​​of the Yi tribes (Lolo, Moso) inhabiting the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan (PRC).

The bulk of the Tibetan population lives within the People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region, Chamdo Region, Qinghai Province and western Sichuan Province). Outside the borders of the People's Republic of China, the Tibetan population is found within India (the regions of Ladakh, Garj, Spiti, Garhwal, the states of Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam) and Nepal.

From the essay “Tibetan Language” by Yu.N. Roerich

How to Learn Tibetan Effectively

There are many different options to learn Tibetan: self-study, group lessons and individual lessons. If you have the opportunity and a burning desire to really master the language, then you need to approach this radically. In my opinion, the best option is to study in Tibet or India. The Tibetan diaspora in India offers various opportunities for international listeners. One of them is courses based on the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.

We bring to your attention a short interview with one of the students of this educational institution, Rashid Miftiev. Rashid began his acquaintance with the Tibetan language in Russia and even passed. Having come to the conclusion that in order to successfully master the language, you need to go to India, he realized his intention. Now he is studying in India and chose the time to answer questions from the site.

Every year in Russia there are more and more people who are interested in Tibetan culture, religion and language. The Tibetan language is quite complex and I think that you need a fairly compelling reason to start mastering it. Rashid, how did you come to start learning the Tibetan language?

Rashid: All my motivation is related to the topic of Buddhism. I realized that for serious study of the Dharma, the Tibetan language would be necessary. After all, even simple communication with a teacher will require his knowledge, not to mention texts for further study. And this “passionate desire” brought me to Dharamsala. Initially, I considered the Tibetan language as an instrument, without which movement in Buddhism, if possible, would be fraught with difficulties. However, today, “wandering” along this path, my opinion has leaned even more towards studying the Tibetan language. It turned out that the question is much more complicated and, let’s say, “broader” than I thought at first. (The latest teachings on Lamrim by E.H. Dalai Lama are confirmation of this. They dealt mainly with 2 texts: the 1st Lamrim of Pobonka Rimpoche and the 2nd Lamrim of Sharap(-va) Rimpoche. The latter has not even been translated into English) .

I have met quite a few people who have not progressed beyond the basics in Tibetan - there are reasons to postpone studying the language and subsequently it can be very difficult to start all over again. What difficulties do you encounter when learning a language and how do you overcome them?

Rashid: It was difficult for me to organize myself for everyday activities. I started taking private lessons. I was lucky and met a Tibetan language teacher who is extremely demanding and strict. I found serious support in him. Sitting for several hours a day studying is also difficult and again you have to force yourself. But knowing that you will come to the teacher with unfinished homework helps. And again, I come back to the motivation for learning. An important help is the absence of any other work or educational activity (even the study of Buddhist philosophy, at this stage is in second place). Simply put, it is better if you study only the Tibetan language.

Rashid, at what stage of learning the Tibetan language are you, what do you focus on in your studies (written, spoken)?

Rashid: I study both conversational and grammar of the Tibetan language at the same time. Now I have passed the simplest forms of Tibetan cases, and spoken at the level of everyday communication (eat, drink, buy, where did I go, etc.). It so happened that the teacher focuses on grammar, and I, accordingly, “rest” in the same direction. Actually, this system is in a sense very simple, you have to learn everything by heart and know in the 60th lesson what you learned in, say, the 3rd (I was told that this is how they teach it in monasteries).

I heard that you are now continuing to comprehend the Tibetan language in the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. Tell us more about what LTWA is and where it is located?

Rashid: Let me note right away that the answers to the previous 2 and 3 questions are related to my private lessons; classes at LTWA are built on a different principle. They are adapted for Europeans and are in many ways similar to any language course. The Institute of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala is a place where foreigners from all over the world come to study the Dharma and the Tibetan language. There are about 40-50 of them here at a time. The Dharma is given in English. Tibetan, too, accordingly, but knowing English very poorly (my vocabulary is literally 100-200 words), I was able to figure it out. Classes run every day. Closed Sunday. The Tibetan language is divided into 3 levels of grammar and 3 levels of spoken language. Each level lasts 3 months. You are free to choose how many classes you take per day. Typically, those who are serious about learning a language take 2-3 classes, but you need to understand that if you don’t study at home for at least 4-5 hours, you will be learning the language for a long time. One class costs 500 rupees per month. With due diligence, after about 2-3 years you should be able to speak Tibetan fairly well and understand the teachings (I think).
P.S. I've heard some negative opinions about studying at LTWA. I don't agree with him, this is a decent place to study Tibetan for at least a couple of years. Everything, as always, depends on the specific person and his diligence.

What prospects open up for you after completing your studies at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives?

Rashid: Afterwards, there are several educational institutions where you can study the Dharma more deeply. Let's say the Institute of Dialectics in Dharamsala, etc.

It seems that such options for mastering the Tibetan language away from your mother are very effective. Tell us, how can one become a LTWA student, are there any age restrictions, how long does the training last, what pitfalls can one encounter when enrolling in courses, what language is the teaching conducted in?

Rashid:
1). To become a student of LTWA in Dharamsala, you just need to come and express your desire to attend these courses. You will be charged 3 months for 1 course, i.e. approximately 1500 rupees.
2). If you are staying for a long time and don’t want to ride, renew your tourist visa. You need to contact them through the website http://www.ltwa.net/library/ and receive a letter from them (in this case you pay about 4500 rupees per year). This letter entitles you to obtain a student visa for 1 year, renewable for 5 years, without leaving Dharamsala.

There are no age restrictions. The duration of training depends on your desire. Teaching is conducted in English.

If a person decides to go to India and take a course, what should he take into account? For example, how much money do you need to save to complete a year's training at LTWA? Where and how can I get accommodation, what is the food situation, what is the tuition fee depending on the duration of a particular course of study, what kind of wardrobe should I choose, taking into account the local climate?

Rashid: I would advise you to first come to Dharamsala on a tourist visa and see everything on the spot. I did it myself. Plan your trip for the start of the next 3-month course. The schedule is on the library website (don’t worry if you’re late, you will be allowed to attend classes). And I probably wouldn’t recommend going for the first time during the rainy season, i.e. from mid-July to mid-September. A long break in classes (vacations) occurs from mid-December to early March (there are no classes, but the administration is working). By the way, I would like to note that there are a lot of Russian students, compared to other countries. At the last meeting with the EU Dalai Lama with LTWA students, there were many times more Russian students than students from other countries (about 15-20 people).

Issues of housing, food, clothing and medical services are absolutely resolved on the spot. Dharamsala is a small mountain town, but due to the large number of tourists, it has all the necessary things for very reasonable prices. If you want to save money on clothes, check the yearly weather forecast for Dharamsala and pack what you wear in that temperature.

EXPENDITURE	PRICE PER MONTH
Training in 2 courses:
Apartment (1 room apartment - shower, toilet, kitchen):	2500-7000 rupees
Gas + light:
Meals (if you cook yourself): LTWA Student Cafe: Breakfast - 60 rupees Lunch - 80 rupees Dinner - 80 rupees.
Internet (512 Kbt):
Everything is within walking distance of a pharmacy, hospital, school, etc. taxi, office and other small things:
Student visa extension, once a year: (not included in TOTAL)
In the future, if you take private lessons: (not included in TOTAL)	100-250 r/hour
Studying the course of Buddhist philosophy: (not included in TOTAL)
TOTAL:	10300-15000 rupees

And in conclusion, Rashid, what other advice can you give to those people who are serious about learning the language and want to achieve real results - learn to read, write, understand and speak Tibetan fluently?

Rashid:

1. Take a very careful look at your motivation for learning a language. The higher the value you place in a language, the greater the result.
2. Soberly assess all your capabilities (psychological, financial, etc.)
3. Look for a good teacher, and the search can go parallel to language classes. Ideally, he would also be a bearer of Buddhist philosophy. You might have to take a ride to Dharamsala for this.
4. I advise you initially not to be content with half measures, but to understand that if you are a person, like me, with fairly average abilities, most likely you are guaranteed at least 5-6 hours a day of your own studies. Plus classes with a teacher and in the classroom for another 2-3 hours. In this mode, 2-3 years and visible results will come. According to various serious students, the time frame for learning the Tibetan language to a decent level varies from 4 to 5 years.

Rashid we wish you success in your further studies and achievement of your goals! Let the acquired knowledge help you crack the nut of Buddhist wisdom!

Training is the main section of the site. In general, this is what the site was created for. On this page you will find some information about what is covered in each lesson, and you can go directly from there to the different levels of our course.

Reading

Introduction

A little
stories...

Lesson I

BASIC ALPHABET
 writing
 pronunciation

Lesson II

ALPHABET
 vowels
 inscriptions

Lesson III

ALPHABET
 4 types
subscription

Lesson IV

ALPHABET
 trisyllabic

SUFFIXES

Lesson V

PREFIXES
SECOND SUFFIXES
READING RULES

Reading Supplements

Workshop

Sanskrit

Each lesson contains small exercises and tasks. Do them without skipping - train. Remember, you must do all the training yourself! You cannot learn the Tibetan language just by reading pages with lessons.

Also at the end of each lesson there is a dictionary of new words and an exercise to test the words learned in the previous lesson. Remember them. Yuri Roerich started out in much the same way.

All the lessons are not yet enough to fully study the Tibetan language (what can we say, this is still a long way off), but we are working on it, and lessons will be added as soon as possible. Your support and feedback are our catalyst for this!

In this verbosity, we almost forgot to say the main thing!.. May your training be easy! It will benefit you! And masterful command of the Tibetan language will not take long to appear!

• A Basic Grammar of modern spoken Tibetan. Tashi Daknewa

  A Basic Grammar of Modern Spoken Tibetan is written for those non-Tibetan who have a keen interest in learning the proper rules of spoken Tibetan grammar.

• A beginning textbook of Lhasa Tibetan. Ellen Bartee, Nyima Droma

  The goal of this textbook is to teach the student how to speak the Lhasa variety of Tibetan. Because the starting point of this book is very simple, it provides an excellent opportunity for the student to immediately rely on Tibetan script rather than romanized script. This, we believe, will help to immerse the student in Tibetan

• A Grammar of Anong (Languages ​​of the Greater Himalayan Region). Hongkai Sun and Guangkun Liu

  A work that will be of interest to those interested in typology, language history, and contact induced change, this book documents the radical restructuring of Anong over the last 40 years under intense contact with Lisu. In the almost fifty years, Sun Hongkai has been documenting the Anong language of Yunnan China, it has undergone radical, contact-induced changes. The language of the less than forty remaining speakers is quite different than the Anong of forty years ago. Under intense contact with Lisu, major change has occurred in the language, much of it documented in this work of Suns. The English edition is a reworking of the original Chinese version, providing an annotation, an expanded lexicon, and an appendix that contains an instrumental study of the language.

• Advanced Fluent Tibetan. Thupten Jinpa

  20 dialogues in Tibetan script - without transcription - covering topics from day-to-day living through romance and Tibets political situation. The first 10 are translated into English. There are also (limited) grammar notes.

• Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau. E. Gene Smith

  Among Tibetan Texts is part of Wisdoms acclaimed Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism series. For three decades, E. Gene Smith ran the Library of Congress Tibetan Text Publication Project (PL480)-an effort to salvage and reprint the Tibetan literature that had been collected by communities and exiles of Sikkim, Bhutan, India, and Nepal. Smith wrote prefaces to these reprinted books to help clarify and contextualize the particular Tibetan texts: the prefaces served as rough orientations to a poorly understood body of foreign literature.

• Buddhism and Language. Jose Ignacio Cabezon

  Taking language as its general theme, this book explores how the tradition of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist philosophical speculation exemplifies the character of scholasticism.

• Colloquial Amdo Tibetan: A Complete Course for Adult English Speakers. Kuo-ming Sung, Lha Byams Rgyal

  This book consists of twenty-one lessons. The first three lessons introduce the phonology and orthography of Amdo Tibetan. The book comes with two CDs with speakers reading the dialogues from each chapter, but not the sample sentences.

• Colloquial Tibetan. Tsetan Chonjore

  A textbook of the Tibetan language for beginners. Lhasa dialect.

• Colloquial Tibetan (Book + Audio). Jonathan Samuels

  Tibetan provides a step-by-step course in Central Tibetan as it is spoken by native speakers. Combining a thorough treatment of the language as it is used in everyday situations with an accurate written representation of this spoken form, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Tibetan in a broad range of situations.

• Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan. Melvyn C. Goldstein

  "Half of the words are read by implication." This Tibetan saying explains the main difficulty Westerners face in learning to read Tibetan fluently. This book will allow beginners to understand the logic of Tibetan grammar and syntax through graded readings and narrative explanations. The large glossary, which is indexed by page, will serve as an invaluable reference grammar for readers of Tibetan at all levels

• Grammar of Colloquial Tibetan. C. A. Bell

  In this first edition this grammar was published as the first part of a “Manual of Colloquial Tibetan”, tbe second part consisting of an Euglish-Tibetan Colloquial Dictionary. In this second edition both parts have not only been revised, but have also been considerably enlarged. The map accompanying this edition -the latest from the Indian Survey Department-is bulkier than the Royal Geographical Societys map of 1904, with which the first edition was furnished. It has therefore been found best to bring out the Grammar and Dictionary as separate books. The map accompanies the Grammar.

• Grub Don. Learn to Write Tibetan (Workbook)

  Written by Don grub, this book teaches students how to write Tibetan from the very beginning. It is divided into two parts. Part One includes the consonants, alphabet and vowels. Part Two illustrates combined writing of suffixed, suprafixed letters and the consonants, alphabet and vowels.

• Kham Dialect Notes / Dialect Kham (kham-ke). Karen Liljenberg

  Comparison with Lhasa-Ke, some grammar, dialogues.

• Language Pathways 1+2: A Tibetan & English Reader. P. Gyatso, G. Bailey

  Reader of Tibetan literature: folk tales, legends, literature of wisdom Texts for reading in two languages ​​(Tibetan + English).

• Modern Tibetan Language - vol. 1+2. Losang Thonden

  The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, founded by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to preserve and foster the growth of the Tibetan language and culture, is proud to publish the present work, Modern Tibetan Language by Lobsang Thonden, Language Research Scholar at the Library.

• Say It in Tibetan. Norbu Chophel

  This small book was first published in 1989 mainly to fulfill the need of foreign tourists wanting to pick up conversational Tibetan.

• Textbook of Modern Colloquial Tibetan Conversations (book +audio) + TIBETAN PROVERBS. Tashi, Kenneth Liberman / Lhamo Pemba

  Designed for students who can read Tibetan but need experience of colloquial language. The conversations deal with everyday situations and present patterns adaptable to other situations.

• The Classical Tibetan Language. Beyer, Stephan V.

  This book is intended to describe the reading of texts in the classical Tibetan language. It is not a complete survey of all aspects of Tibetan grammar, although I have tried to include everything I thought it was important to know. It is intended to describe the READING of classical Tibetan; therefore it will not attempt to teach the reader to speak either Old Tibetan or some modern Tibetan dialect.1 Rather my aim has been to provide procedures for the understanding of TEXTthat is, coherent discourses with literary or philosophical content, whose authors used the resources of their language to convey meaning.

• Tibetan. Philip Denwood

  This is the third text in a series that aims to provide reliable and up-to-date descriptions of the grammatical structure of a range of African and Oriental languages, in a form accessible to the non-specialist. A historical and geographical overview is offered as an introduction to the subject.

• Tibetan Calligraphy: How to Write the Alphabet and More. Sarah Harding, Sanje Elliot

  In Tibetan Calligraphy, Sanje Elliott shows us how to capture the elegance and grace of Tibetan calligraphy without prior knowledge of either Tibetan language or calligraphy.

• Tibetan Grammar. Herbert Bruce Hannah

  Grammar of the Tibetan language literary and colloquial

• Tibetan Language For Beginners. Silvia Vernetto

  A textbook for beginners in English. Its peculiarity is the absence of Tibetan letters. They have been replaced by wylie.

• Tibetan Phrasebook. Bloomfield Andrew, Tshering Yanki

  As the title indicates, this book concentrates on the spoken language. If you are going to Tibet or want to communicate with Tibetan communities, this book will be useful. Despite some problems with the presentation, the accompanying tapes are the best feature. The book is of little use to anyone without these tapes since it does not use the Tibetan script. Interesting little tidbits about Tibetan culture and traditions are included throughout the book as well.

• Tibetan Quadrisyllabics Phrases and Idioms. Acharya Sangye T. Naga and Tsepak Rigzin

  A very important element of Tibetan language which has provided life and beauty in the evolution of human thought communication is its rich repository of Idioms and Phrases.

• Tibetan-English Folktales

  Tibetan fairy tales. A book for Tibetans learning English.

• Translating Buddhism From Tibetan. Joe B. Wilson

  This complete textbook on classical Tibetan is suitable for beginning or intermediate students. It begins with rules for reading writing and pronouncing Tibetan, gradually carrying the reader through the patterns seen in the formation of words and into the repeating patterns of Tibetan phrases, clauses, and sentences.

• Audited Tibetan language course. Vyacheslav Yarmolin

  Audited Tibetan language course for beginners learning classical Tibetan language in mp3 format

• An Introduction to Classical Tibetan. Stephen Hodge

  The textbook presents the main features of the Tibetan language, which will allow students to begin reading Tibetan Buddhist works in the original without the need to study Sanskrit. The book consists of two parts: I - a grammar illustrated with authentic Tibetan sentences from sutras and tantras, and II - reading texts, which are excerpts from various Tibetan Buddhist works. The book also contains the key to the exercises and translations of the reading texts

• Grammar of the Tibetan language. Schmidt Ya.

  For the text of the grammar, I chose large letters, for which everyone who wants to use my book as a guide to learning the language will probably thank me...

• Grammar of the Tibetan language. Dubik O.V.

  This small work concentrates the essence of Tibetan grammar, coupled with simple and intelligible examples specifically for the Russian-speaking user.

• Grammar of the Tibetan language: morphology and syntax. Kuznetsov B.I.

  Bronislav Ivanovich Kuznetsov (1931-1985) - a famous Tibetologist, permanent teacher at the Department of Mongolian Philology at Leningrad University. This book has not yet been published - a samizdat edition of the 70s of the 20th century.

• Dungey. Tibetan alphabet in pictures

  A small illustrated alphabet in Tibetan, English and Chinese for mastering the Tibetan alphabet. Released in Lanzhou.

• Classical Tibetan language. Introductory course. Alexey Vasiliev

  The manual is dedicated to the classical Tibetan language, that is, the language in which the Buddhist works that make up Kanchzhur and Tenchzhur have come down to us, as well as the extensive literature created by the Tibetans themselves, including such outstanding mentors as Longchenpa, Sakyapandita, Gampopa, Tsongkhapa and Taranatha. It is also a Terma language, many of which are credited to Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), and texts associated with the Bon tradition.

• Lectures on the Tibetan language. Geshe Nawang Thukje

  Materials in three parts, compiled based on the lectures of Geshe Nawang Thukje. Designed for beginners to learn the Tibetan language. Course content: writing, reading, constructing simple sentences, topics: numbers, time, dates, etc. Language: Russian, Tibetan

• A selection of teaching aids and dictionaries

  The collection includes twelve textbooks and dictionaries for studying the Tibetan language.

• A manual for learning the Tibetan language. . Tsybikov G.Ts.

  Exercises in spoken and literary language and grammatical notes. Part 1. Spoken speech. Vladivostok 1908.