Anglo-Russian war. Strange Anglo-Russian War

Opponents

Russia Denmark

Great Britain Sweden

Commanders Losses

800

120

Anglo-Russian War of 1807-1812- armed conflict between the Russian and British empires during the Napoleonic Wars.

Causes of the war

After Russia suffered military defeat in the campaign against France in 1807, it was forced to begin peace negotiations. A meeting between the Russian and French emperors Alexander I and Napoleon I took place in Tilsit (June 25, 1807). At the meeting, Alexander I was the first to speak: “Just like you, I hate the British and am ready to support you in everything that you undertake against them.” “In this case,” Napoleon I replied, “we can come to an agreement, and peace will be concluded.”

The Peace of Tilsit was signed between Prussia and the Russian Empire on the one hand and the French Empire on the other, according to which Russia joined the Continental Blockade against Great Britain. This blockade hit the economies of both Russia and the United Kingdom.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the British fleet caused great damage to Denmark and thereby forced it to take the side of Napoleon I. Having entered into an alliance with France, Denmark was preparing to declare a continental blockade of Great Britain. But on August 16, the British landed their troops in Denmark. The Anglo-Danish War began. On November 7, British troops took Copenhagen. Denmark had long been an ally of Russia on the Baltic Sea, and the capture of Copenhagen caused strong discontent in St. Petersburg.

Alexander I, based on treaties concluded between Russia and Sweden in 1800, demanded from the latter that its ports be closed to the British, and upon learning that it had entered into an alliance with Great Britain, declared war on it. In February, Russian troops entered Finland, thereby starting the last Russian-Swedish war (1808-1809). Sweden was soon defeated by Russia, after which it concluded a peace treaty with Russia and joined the Continental Blockade. Finland, as a result, became part of the Russian Empire.

Statistics of the Anglo-Russian War

Warring countries	Population (1807)	Soldier mobilized	Soldier killed
Russian empire	39 675 100	24 000	800
British Empire	11 520 000	20 000	120
TOTAL	51 175 100	44 000	920

Fighting

Both the British and Russians fought in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Barents and Baltic seas. But these battles were not large-scale and were, rather, in the nature of individual military clashes of small forces on each side.

After a peace treaty was concluded between Sweden and Russia, Great Britain ceased hostilities against Russia in the Baltic Sea, and in There was no fighting at all between the United Kingdom and Russia.

End of the war

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Notes

Links

• Chronos.. Retrieved April 15, 2008. .

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Mernikov A.G., Spektor A.A. World history of wars. - Minsk, 2005. - 317 - 319 p.
• Troyat A. Alexander I. - M., 2008. - 163 p.

1800- 1809 1810- 1819 1820- 1829 1830- 1839 1840- 1849 1850- 1859 1860- 1869 1870- 1879 1880- 1889 1890- 1899

An excerpt characterizing the Anglo-Russian War

“Let’s go have dinner,” he said with a sigh, getting up and heading to the door.
They entered the elegantly, newly, richly decorated dining room. Everything, from napkins to silver, earthenware and crystal, bore that special imprint of novelty that happens in the household of young spouses. In the middle of dinner, Prince Andrei leaned on his elbow and, like a man who has had something on his heart for a long time and suddenly decides to speak out, with an expression of nervous irritation in which Pierre had never seen his friend before, he began to say:
– Never, never get married, my friend; Here's my advice to you: don't get married until you tell yourself that you did everything you could, and until you stop loving the woman you chose, until you see her clearly; otherwise you will make a cruel and irreparable mistake. Marry an old man, good for nothing... Otherwise, everything that is good and lofty in you will be lost. Everything will be spent on little things. Yes Yes Yes! Don't look at me with such surprise. If you expect something from yourself in the future, then at every step you will feel that everything is over for you, everything is closed except for the living room, where you will stand on the same level as a court lackey and an idiot... So what!...
He waved his hand energetically.
Pierre took off his glasses, causing his face to change, showing even more kindness, and looked at his friend in surprise.
“My wife,” continued Prince Andrei, “is a wonderful woman.” This is one of those rare women with whom you can be at peace with your honor; but, my God, what I wouldn’t give now not to be married! I’m telling you this alone and first, because I love you.
Prince Andrei, saying this, looked even less like than before that Bolkonsky, who was lounging in Anna Pavlovna’s chair and, squinting through his teeth, spoke French phrases. His dry face was still trembling with the nervous animation of every muscle; the eyes, in which the fire of life had previously seemed extinguished, now shone with a radiant, bright shine. It was clear that the more lifeless he seemed in ordinary times, the more energetic he was in these moments of almost painful irritation.
“You don’t understand why I’m saying this,” he continued. – After all, this is a whole life story. You say Bonaparte and his career,” he said, although Pierre did not talk about Bonaparte. – You say Bonaparte; but Bonaparte, when he worked, walked step by step towards his goal, he was free, he had nothing but his goal - and he achieved it. But tie yourself to a woman, and like a shackled convict, you lose all freedom. And everything that you have in you of hope and strength, everything only weighs you down and torments you with remorse. Living rooms, gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance - this is a vicious circle from which I cannot escape. I am now going to war, to the greatest war that has ever happened, but I know nothing and am no good for anything. “Je suis tres aimable et tres caustique, [I am very sweet and very eater,” continued Prince Andrei, “and Anna Pavlovna listens to me.” And this stupid society, without which my wife and these women cannot live... If only you could know what it is toutes les femmes distinguees [all these women of good society] and women in general! My father is right. Selfishness, vanity, stupidity, insignificance in everything - these are women when they show everything as they are. If you look at them in the light, it seems that there is something, but nothing, nothing, nothing! Yes, don’t get married, my soul, don’t get married,” Prince Andrei finished.
“It’s funny to me,” said Pierre, “that you consider yourself incapable, that your life is a spoiled life.” You have everything, everything is ahead. And you…
He didn’t say you, but his tone already showed how highly he valued his friend and how much he expected from him in the future.
“How can he say that!” thought Pierre. Pierre considered Prince Andrei to be a model of all perfections precisely because Prince Andrei united to the highest degree all those qualities that Pierre did not have and which can be most closely expressed by the concept of willpower. Pierre was always amazed at Prince Andrei's ability to calmly deal with all kinds of people, his extraordinary memory, erudition (he read everything, knew everything, had an idea about everything) and most of all his ability to work and study. If Pierre was often struck by Andrei’s lack of ability for dreamy philosophizing (to which Pierre was especially prone), then in this he saw not a disadvantage, but a strength.
In the best, most friendly and simple relationships, flattery or praise is necessary, just as greasing is necessary for the wheels to keep them moving.
“Je suis un homme fini, [I am a finished man,” said Prince Andrei. - What can you say about me? Let’s talk about you,” he said, after a pause and smiling at his comforting thoughts.
This smile was reflected on Pierre’s face at the same instant.
– What can we say about me? - said Pierre, spreading his mouth into a carefree, cheerful smile. -What am I? Je suis un batard [I am an illegitimate son!] - And he suddenly blushed crimson. It was clear that he made a great effort to say this. – Sans nom, sans fortune... [No name, no fortune...] And well, that’s right... - But he didn’t say that’s right. – I’m free for now, and I feel good. I just don’t know what to start. I wanted to seriously consult with you.
Prince Andrei looked at him with kind eyes. But his glance, friendly and affectionate, still expressed the consciousness of his superiority.
– You are dear to me, especially because you are the only living person among our entire world. You feel good. Choose what you want; it does not matter. You will be good everywhere, but one thing: stop going to these Kuragins and leading this life. So it doesn’t suit you: all these carousings, and hussarism, and everything...
“Que voulez vous, mon cher,” said Pierre, shrugging his shoulders, “les femmes, mon cher, les femmes!” [What do you want, my dear, women, my dear, women!]
“I don’t understand,” Andrey answered. – Les femmes comme il faut, [Decent women] is another matter; but les femmes Kuragin, les femmes et le vin, [Kuragin’s women, women and wine,] I don’t understand!
Pierre lived with Prince Vasily Kuragin and took part in the wild life of his son Anatole, the same one who was going to be married to Prince Andrei’s sister for correction.
“You know what,” said Pierre, as if an unexpectedly happy thought had come to him, “seriously, I’ve been thinking about this for a long time.” With this life I can neither decide nor think about anything. My head hurts, I have no money. Today he called me, I won’t go.
- Give me your word of honor that you won’t travel?
- Honestly!

It was already two o'clock in the morning when Pierre left his friend. It was a June night, a St. Petersburg night, a gloomless night. Pierre got into the cab with the intention of going home. But the closer he got, the more he felt it was impossible to fall asleep that night, which seemed more like evening or morning. It was visible in the distance through the empty streets. Dear Pierre remembered that that evening the usual gambling society was supposed to gather at Anatole Kuragin's place, after which there would usually be a drinking party, ending with one of Pierre's favorite amusements.
“It would be nice to go to Kuragin,” he thought.
But he immediately remembered his word of honor given to Prince Andrei not to visit Kuragin. But immediately, as happens with people called spineless, he so passionately wanted to once again experience this dissolute life so familiar to him that he decided to go. And immediately the thought occurred to him that this word meant nothing, because even before Prince Andrei, he also gave Prince Anatoly the word to be with him; Finally, he thought that all these honest words were such conventional things that had no definite meaning, especially if you realized that maybe tomorrow he would either die or something so extraordinary would happen to him that there would no longer be any honest , nor dishonest. This kind of reasoning, destroying all his decisions and assumptions, often came to Pierre. He went to Kuragin.

The complex tripartite relationship between Russia, England and France in the first half of the 19th century led first to a war between the Russians and the British, in which St. Petersburg was supported by Paris. And a few years later the situation changed dramatically - and now France was at war with Russia, and the British were the Russians’ allies. True, St. Petersburg never received real help from London.

Consequences of the continental blockade

After Russia, having signed the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, joined France and declared a continental blockade of England, relations between the British and Russians were severed. Obliged under this shameful treaty to provide assistance to the French in all wars, Russia could not stand aside when such a conflict arose between England and Denmark - the British attacked a country that also supported the anti-English continental blockade.

The war between Russia and Britain resulted in a series of local skirmishes; the sides did not conduct frontal battles against each other. One of the landmark campaigns of this period was the Russian-Swedish war (the Swedes sided with Britain) of 1808–1809. Sweden lost it, and Russia eventually grew into Finland.

Senyavin's confrontation

A significant event of the Russian-British war was the “great stand” in the capital of Portugal, Lisbon, of the squadron of Admiral Dmitry Senyavin. Ten military ships under the command of Dmitry Nikolaevich had been in the Lisbon port since November 1807, where the ships arrived, thoroughly battered by the storm. The squadron was heading to the Baltic Sea.

By that time, Napoleon had occupied Portugal; access to the sea, in turn, was blocked by the British. Remembering the conditions of the Tilsit Peace, the French unsuccessfully persuaded Russian sailors to come out on their side for several months. Russian Emperor Alexander I also ordered Senyavin to take Napoleonic interests into account, although he did not want to escalate the conflict with the British.

Napoleon tried in different ways to influence Senyavin. But the subtle diplomacy of the Russian admiral prevailed every time. In August 1808, when the threat of Lisbon being occupied by the British increased, the French turned to Senyavin for the last time for help. And he refused them again.

After the occupation of the capital of Portugal by the British, they began to win over the Russian admiral to their side. Being at war with Russia, England could easily capture our sailors and take the fleet for itself as war trophies. Admiral Senyavin was not going to give up just like that, without a fight. A series of lengthy diplomatic negotiations began again. In the end, Dmitry Nikolaevich achieved a neutral and, in its own way, unprecedented decision: all 10 ships of the squadron are heading to England, but this is not captivity; Until London and St. Petersburg make peace, the flotilla is in Britain. The crews of Russian ships were able to return back to Russia only a year later. And England returned the ships themselves only in 1813. Upon returning to his homeland, Senyavin, despite his past military merits, fell into disgrace.

Fighting in the Baltic and the East

The English fleet, together with its Swedish allies, tried to inflict damage on the Russian Empire in the Baltic Sea, shelling coastal targets and attacking military and merchant ships. St. Petersburg seriously strengthened its defenses from the sea. When Sweden was defeated in the Russo-Swedish War, the British fleet left the Baltic. From 1810 to 1811, Britain and Russia did not engage in active hostilities with each other.

The British were interested in Türkiye and Persia, and, in principle, the possibility of Russian expansion in the South and East. Numerous attempts by the British to oust Russia from Transcaucasia were unsuccessful. As well as the machinations of the British, aimed at encouraging the Russians to leave the Balkans. Turkey and Russia sought to conclude a peace treaty, while the British were interested in continuing the war between these states. Ultimately, a peace treaty was signed.

Why did this war end with Napoleon's attack on Russia?

For England, this strange war with Russia was futile, and in July 1812 the countries concluded a peace treaty. By that time, Napoleon’s army had already been advancing on Russian territory for several weeks. Previously, Bonaparte failed to agree with the British to conclude peace and recognize British colonial rule in exchange for the withdrawal of British troops from Spain and Portugal. The British did not agree to recognize the dominant role of France among other European states. Napoleon, whose hands were freed by the Treaty of Tilsit to conquer all of Europe, only needed to “crush Russia,” as he himself admitted a year before the start of the six-month Patriotic War of 1812.

The Russian-British peace treaty was at the same time an allied one in the fight against France. England, like the United States in the Great Patriotic War, took a wait-and-see attitude and the Russian Empire did not receive significant military-economic assistance from the British. Britain hoped that a protracted military campaign would exhaust the strength of both sides, and then it, England, would become the first contender for dominance in Europe.

Anglo-Russian War of 1807-1812

Anglo-Russian War of 1807-1812, a war between England and Russia, which arose in connection with the aggravation of relations between them during the Napoleonic wars after the conclusion of Peace of Tilsit 1807 with France and its accession to the continental blockade of 1806-1814. In August - September, the English fleet attacked Denmark, an ally of Russia, which on October 26 (November 7), 1807, declared war on England. For Russia, the situation in the Baltic theater became more complicated due to the war against Sweden, supported by England (see Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809).

In November 1807, the British captured the Russian frigate Speshny and the transport Wilhelmina with cargo and money for the squadron in the Mediterranean Sea, blocked foreign ports where Russian ships were located, captured Russian merchant ships, and raided coastal areas. Vice Admiral's Squadron D. N. Senyavina , blockaded in November 1807 in the port of Lisbon, was forced in August 1808 to move to Portsmouth, where it remained until the end of the war. On April 21 (May 3), 1808, in the South African port of Simonstown, the British detained the Russian sloop “Diana” under the command of V. M. Golovin, which was heading to the Pacific Ocean for scientific work. From August 19 (31) to September 16 (28), 1808, in the Baltic port (Paldiski), the English squadron together with the Swedish fleet blocked the Russian fleet. At the beginning of June 1809, the English fleet (10 battleships and 17 other vessels) entered the Gulf of Finland and took up positions near the island of Nargen (Naissaar). After the conclusion of peace between Russia and Sweden on September 5 (17), British ships left the Baltic Sea and military operations here practically ceased. The British continued to operate in the Barents and White Seas in subsequent years. During the war, significant damage was caused to Russia's economic ties. Both sides avoided decisive military action. A fairly strong coastal defense was created on the approaches to Kronstadt, St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk, which forced the enemy to abandon the attack on Russian bases and ports in the Baltic and the North. After Napoleon's army invaded Russia on July 16 (28), 1812, an Anglo-Russian peace treaty was concluded in Örebro (Sweden). Both sides proclaimed agreement and friendship, and in trade - the principle of mutual most favored nation.

Materials used from the book: Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1986.

It is interesting that in 1918, this was not the first time England attacked Russia with “democratization” goals. You've all probably heard a little about the so-called “Crimean War”, which actually began in 1853. This war is presented to the Russian people as a local conflict between Russia and Turkey, in which England was on the sidelines. So, just so you know, this is a blatant lie. In English literature there are complete and numerous accounts of this full-scale aggression of the only superpower of the 19th century - the Great British Empire against Russia. The “Crimean War” was a full-blown, full-on might of the vast British Empire, “on which the sun never set,” a direct attack on Russia not only by the British Empire alone, but also by its allies - France and Turkey, similar to how Bulgaria and Ukraine are now “helping "USA to attack Iraq. It’s just that at that time the United States was itself on the eve of its “Civil War” and could not provide assistance to its sister England. This attack by England on Russia was no less large-scale than the then recent Napoleonic campaign against Russia, or the attack of German troops on June 22, 1941, or the “Day of the Landing” of the Anglo-American allies against Germany in 1944.

Quote from Christopher Hibbert's book "The Destruction of Lord Raglan" ( Christopher Hibbert “The Destruction of Lord Raglan” 1990http ://www. amazon. com/Destruction-Lord-Raglan- Wordsworth-Military/dp/1840222093):

“In March 1854, a British army of 30,000 men landed in the Crimea. The Times described the army as "The finest army that ever sailed from English shores." The commander of this finest army of mercenaries, collected from all over the world, was Lord Raglan, a veteran of the Battle of Waterloo 40 years earlier.”

The English “Blitzkrieg” and “Drang nach Osten” took place not only in Crimea. England took Russia in pincers. The British Empire, which could only strike from the sea, but not like France or Germany from land, struck not only from the south, from the Black Sea - to the Crimea; but also from the north, from the Baltic Sea - a direct capture of the Russian capital, St. Petersburg. Quote from Peter Gibbs' book "The Crimean Mistake" ( PeterGibbs “With rimeanBlunder " 1960): "At the beginning of 1854, even BEFORE England officially declared war on Russia, (that is, without declaring war - treacherously) the English fleet under the command of Sir Charles Napier (SirCharlesNapier) attacked St. Petersburg" . A full-scale landing operation was carried out similar to the opening of a second front in World War II.

On Wiki, England's blitzkrieg against St. Petersburg is buried in this article about Admiral Napier. The English coalition included a French squadron sent by Napoleon III under the command of Admiral Parseval-Dechaine ( Parseval- Deschenes ) and Admiral Peno ( FrenchFleetunderAdmiralPenaud ), and the Marine Corps under the command of General GeneralBarraguayd' Hilliers , who lost his arm near Borodin.(Oliver Warner “The See and the sword”(The Baltic 1630-1945) NY 1965. In addition, the coalition included troops from Scandinavian countries: Danes, Dutch, Swedes, and in general the whole rabble from all over Europe. This Wiki article describes the Baltic War http ://en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Charles_ John_ Napier# Baltic_ Campaign.

She reports that "Admiral Napier successfully blocked all Russian ports in the Baltic, in such a way that not a single Russian ship could even leave the ports, and carried out constant shelling."

However, Russian troops defended St. Petersburg. Why? You need to know the strategic position of St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg is not directly on the Baltic Sea, otherwise the British would have taken it. St. Petersburg is located up the Neva, which flows into the narrow Gulf of Finland. The English fleet, in order to enter the Neva and capture St. Petersburg, had to pass by the Sveaborg fortress and the Kronstadt fortress. In addition, there were other Russian fortresses located on the islands of the Gulf of Finland. The main islands covering the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia were the Åland Islands and their main fortress, Bomarsund. The British were unable to capture St. Petersburg only because they were unable to pass the fortresses covering St. Petersburg. The fortresses of Sveaborg and Kronstadt really turned out to be impregnable for the British. The British coalition, after a fierce siege and a landing of marines, managed to take only the Bomarsund fortress by storm in August 1854 ( Bomarsund)http ://en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Bomarsund,_% C3%85 land .

The following year, the British coalition, even then without the United States, which was then on the verge of its Civil War, under the command of the now commander-in-chief Sir Richard Dundas ( Sir Richard Dundashttp ://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Richard_Saunders_Dundas)launched a fierce assault on the Sveaborg fortress. However, the Russian defenders of the Sveaborg fortress withstood a fierce siege of the entire might of the elite forces of the then superpower - the British Empire, on which the sun never set ( RuleBritannia !), and which had at its disposal the resources of almost the entire world. The Russian defenders of the Sveaborg fortress did not surrender the fortress to the Western enemy.

I almost said that the defenders of the Sveaborg fortress covered themselves with unfading glory. However, someone wanted to forget this “St. Petersburg War” of England against Russia in such a way that if someone else heard something about the “Crimean War”, then about the siege of St. Petersburg and the St. Petersburg war of England against Russia, on the scale of the “World” aggression of the 19th century, for some reason modern “education” is generally silent, and apparently for good reason. Even the official, supposedly Russian historiography for some reason mentions this full-scale aggression of the British coalition against Russia, which was similar to the aggression of the American coalition against Iraq, as some kind of insignificant episode. While this aggression was even more threatening in its consequences, and no less dangerous than Napoleonic’s campaign against Russia before. As you can see for yourself, in the 19th century, as in the 20th century, Russia repulsed two full-scale aggressions of the Western coalition, that is, it practically won the then two world wars of the West against its state. These Russian fortresses that defended St. Petersburg were too tough for the vaunted English fleet. “Dee Day” - “Day of the Landing” of the 19th century was a failure for the British. Otherwise, Russia, like India, would have become a British colony back in the 19th century.

However, the transformation of Russia into a Western colony, already as a colony of the new superpower - the United States, will occur later - as a result of the so-called “Civil War and Intervention of 1918-1921” and again in 1991. And the main role in turning Russia into a raw materials appendage of the West in the 20th century will already be played by internal forces within Russia itself, relying on the richest and most powerful force in the world - American and English crypto-Jewry.

Thus, in the brilliant victory of Russian weapons over the English armed forces near St. Petersburg, carefully hidden from the Russian people, the Russian army gave a strong rebuff to the British, and they had to bury their grudge and go home. This brilliant victory of Russian weapons is so hidden from the Russian people, in such a way that, apparently, it is not by chance that for some reason the medals “For the Defense of St. Petersburg” were not established. But think about the total control over Russian history by dark forces, when even in universities students are still taught that Russia was defeated in the Crimean War?! And this is at a time when in the Crimean War Russia did not lose St. Petersburg and Crimea, but actually all of Russia, and repelled the attack of the most powerful army of the 19th century, which can be compared with the USA of the century,” the British Empire. What cannot be distorted in order to belittle the role in the history of Russia of its most powerful sovereign, Nicholas the First, and again turn history around.

In Crimea, the Russians did not manage to repel the English aggressor so easily. It took the Russians two years to drive the finest army of the British out of Crimea. Otherwise, at least Crimea, as well as Spanish Gibraltar, or the Argentine Falkland Islands, or Hong Kong, would now be English.

Having suffered a military defeat, the British took a different path. On their instructions, as in the case of Emperor Paul the First, Emperor Nicholas the First, without a doubt the Greatest Russian Emperor, was poisoned by traitors. Why is there not a single monument to Nicholas the First?, which protected Russia from large-scale aggression of the Great British Empire? What can be called the sovereign who repelled the full-scale aggression of the Great British Empire? Definitely - only by the Great Sovereign. Compare that the USSR, having failed to immediately repel Germany, drove the Germans out of its land for five years, and the Germans badly battered St. Petersburg. How much stronger was Nikolaev Russia accordingly, that it quickly threw the most powerful power of that time over the threshold! Please note that Tsar Nicholas I was liquidated in 1855. After which England managed to retreat from Russia, saving its face, and telling the West the usual English tales about its great “liberation mission.” If Nicholas the First had not repulsed this English aggression, moreover, effectively and quickly, then Russia would have already been reduced to the position of India, that is, a raw materials appendage of the British Empire. But the Anglo-Americans had to wait until 1918 for this moment.

After the conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit (June 13/25, 1807) and the rapprochement between Emperor Alexander I and Napoleon, relations between English and Russian. The governments became very tense, and after the unexpected attack of the British on Copenhagen and the forced capture of the Danish fleet, they turned into open hostility. Diplomatic relations were interrupted. Russia has started the continental system (see this next). Alexander I, based on treaties concluded between Russia and Sweden in 1790 and 1800, demanded from the latter that its ports be closed to the British, and upon learning that she had entered into an alliance with England, he declared war on her. As a result of this state of affairs, part of the Russian fleet located in the Mediterranean Sea (see Adriatic expedition) found itself in a very difficult situation. Its chief, Vice Admiral Senyavin, upon the conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit, was ordered to return with the forces entrusted to him to Russia, and to avoid meeting with the British. Leaving some of his ships near Corfu, Senyavin with the main forces headed towards Gibraltar. Since at this time (early October 1807) a clear break had not yet occurred, the English. The authorities received Senyavin friendly, however, they refused to help in meeting various needs. Then, upon entering the Atlantic Ocean, Senyavin on October 28. suffered a strong storm and was forced to enter the mouth of the river to correct the ships. Togo. At this time, Lisbon, near which the Russian ships stopped, was threatened by the French from the dry route. troops, and the English were expected to arrive here. squadron, under whose patronage the Portuguese royal family was to move to Brazil. Upon the arrival of the aforementioned squadron, Senyavin found himself locked in the Lisbon port, where the British, however, did not attack him. Finally, already in August 1808, when the affairs of the French in the Iberian Peninsula took a bad turn and all hope for a successful outcome from the difficult situation was lost for Senyavin, he concluded a condition with the British according to which: 1) the Russian squadron was given up for preservation English to the government, which undertook to return it six months after the conclusion of peace with Russia in the same condition in which it was received; 2) Senyavin himself and the crews of his ships had to return to Russia at the expense of England; 3) the flags on Russian ships were not to be lowered until the admiral and captains left the ships with due honors. In September 1809, the crews of the Russian squadron returned to Russia; from the fleet surrendered to the British in Lisbon, only 2 battleships arrived in 1813. to Kronstadt; for all the remaining ships that had fallen into disrepair, they were paid for as if they were new. During Senyavin's wintering in Lisbon, one Russian frigate was caught by the English. squadron at Palermo and was saved only by the fact that the Sicilian government allowed its flag to be raised on it. Another frigate, sent back in 1807 to the Mediterranean Sea and stopping in Portsmouth, was captured there by the British. More serious clashes took place in the Baltic Sea. There in 1808 the British sent a fleet to assist Sweden, which was at that time waging a war with Russia. On June 11, one of the frigates of this fleet attacked the Russian boat of Lieutenant Nevelsky between Sveaborg and Revel, which, after desperate resistance, with almost all of its crew killed or wounded, was forced to surrender. In the 1st half of July, the Russian ship Vsevolod was attacked by the British, captured and burned. In July 1809, the British managed to capture 3 Russian gunboats after a fierce battle. The actions of the British on the White Sea were limited to an attack on the city of Kola and the destruction of fishing shelters on the Murmansk coast. Since 1811, hostile relations between Russia and England began to subside and completely ceased with the signing of the peace treaty in Orebro on July 16, 1812.

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• - the war of England against Denmark, which was an integral part of the so-called. Napoleonic wars...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - the liberation war of Russia against the army of Napoleon I. Caused by the aggravation of Russian-French economic and political contradictions, Russia’s refusal to participate in the Continental blockade of Great Britain...

  Modern encyclopedia

"The Anglo-Russian War of 1807-1812." in books

Chapter V. The Emperor at his zenith and the “beginning of the end.” 1807 – 1812

From the book Napoleon I. His life and government activities author Trachevsky Alexander Semenovich

Anglo-French-German-Russian suite

From the book Gödel, Escher, Bach: this endless garland author Hofstadter Douglas Robert

1807–1812. From Tilsit to Taurogen

From the book History of Wars and Military Art by Mering Franz

1807–1812. From Tilsit to Taurogen The alliance concluded by Emperors Alexander I, Napoleon I and King Frederick William III, in Tilsit, in the pavilion on the Neman, June 26

IV. ANAPA IN 1807-1812

From the book Caucasian War. Volume 1. From ancient times to Ermolov author

IV. ANAPA IN 1807-1812 Under the Black Sea ataman Bursak of the Turkish. The Anapa fortress had to play the role of a fairly significant local center of Russian military operations in the western part of the Caucasus. Although this fortress itself, thanks to the trips to it by Tekelli, Bibikov,

Invasions of French troops and actions of Anglo-Portuguese forces in 1807 - 1811.

From the book History of Portugal author Saraiva to Jose Erman

Invasions of French troops and actions of Anglo-Portuguese forces in 1807 - 1811

Anglo-Russian War

From the book 1812 - the tragedy of Belarus author Taras Anatoly Efimovich

Anglo-Russian War Russia's relations with England deteriorated quickly after Tilsit. Just 4 months later - October 26 (November 7), 1807 - Russia declared war on England. The formal pretext for the war was the British attack on Copenhagen. It went down in European history as

3. Franco-Russian war 1812-15. - tragedy of Belarus

From the book A Short Course in the History of Belarus of the 9th-21st Centuries author Taras Anatoly Efimovich

3. Franco-Russian war 1812-15. - the tragedy of Belarus Lies about the war of “12 years” Russian historians have written mountains of books and articles about this war. All of them are far from the truth. For example, neither in the Soviet Historical Encyclopedia (SIE), nor in the works of academician Evgeniy Tarle

§ 4. WAR OF 1812 AND RUSSIAN LITERATURE

From the book History of Russian Culture. 19th century author Yakovkina Natalya Ivanovna

§ 4. THE WAR OF 1812 AND RUSSIAN LITERATURE The Patriotic War of 1812 had a huge impact on the spiritual life of Russia. As you know, the Decembrists recognized themselves as children of the twelfth year. Herzen considered 1812 an important milestone in the social movement in Russia. Continuing this

Chapter XVIII. Cruising War 1806–1812 – . Napoleon's Berlin and Milan decrees (1806-1807) - British royal decrees (1807-1809) - Analysis of the policies of these measures of both belligerents - Essay on the most important modern events

From the book The Influence of Sea Power on the French Revolution and Empire. 1793-1812 author Alfred Mahan by TSB

Anglo-Danish War 1807-14

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AN) by the author TSB

From the book Russian Fleet in the Wars with Napoleonic France author Chernyshev Alexander Alekseevich

WAR OF ENGLAND WITH RUSSIA IN 1807-1812.

IV. ANAPA IN 1807–1812

From the book Caucasian War. In essays, episodes, legends and biographies author Potto Vasily Alexandrovich

IV. ANAPA IN 1807–1812 Under the Black Sea ataman Bursak, the Turkish fortress of Anapa had to play the role of a fairly significant local center of Russian military operations in the western part of the Caucasus. Although this fortress itself, thanks to the trips to it by Tekelli, Bibikov,