The poet of folk life Tvardovsky never complained about fate and even wrote in one of his poems: Tvardovsky never complained about fate and even wrote in one of his poems: No, life did not deprive me, No, life did not deprive me, walked around. She didn’t spare her goodness. Everything was given to me with interest. Everything was given to me with interest. On the road - light and warmth. On the road - light and warmth. He lived a very difficult life, which occurred during the most difficult years for Russia.
The birth of a poet The poet's "Country of Ant" () - a poem about the fate of an individual peasant, about his difficult and difficult path to the collective farm - brought widespread fame to the poet. At the same time, he wrote cycles of poems “Rural Chronicle”, “About Grandfather Danila” and a number of other notable works. The publication of the book “Ant Country” was the reason for moving to Moscow. “The Country of Ant” () brought the poet wide fame - a poem about the fate of an individual peasant, about his difficult and difficult path to the collective farm. At the same time, he wrote cycles of poems “Rural Chronicle”, “About Grandfather Danila” and a number of other notable works. The publication of the book “Ant Country” was the reason for moving to Moscow. In Moscow, Tvardovsky was transferred to the 3rd year of the philological faculty of one of the best humanitarian universities at that time - the famous Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (IFLI) and in 1939 he graduated with honors. At this time, his books “The Road” (1938) and “Rural Chronicle” (1939) were published, the poems “Mothers”, “Ivushka”, “More about Danila”, “Trip to Zagorye”, etc. were written. Tvardovsky is translated in Moscow in the 3rd year of the philological faculty of one of the best humanitarian universities at that time - the famous Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (IFLI) and in 1939 he graduated with honors. At this time, his books “The Road” (1938) and “Rural Chronicle” (1939) were published, the poems “Mothers”, “Ivushka”, “More about Danila”, “A Trip to Zagorye”, etc. were written.
“Find yourself in yourself...” In the 30s, Tvardovsky’s diverse literary activities unfolded. “It is to these years that I owe my poetic birth,” he emphasized. However, the process of its formation was far from simple. For some time he even experienced “extreme aversion to poetry.” He writes the poems “The Path to Socialism” (1931) and “Introduction” (1933), in which colloquial verse predominated. In the 30s, Tvardovsky’s diverse literary activities unfolded. “It is to these years that I owe my poetic birth,” he emphasized. However, the process of its formation was far from simple. For some time he even experienced “extreme aversion to poetry.” He writes the poems “The Path to Socialism” (1931) and “Introduction” (1933), in which colloquial verse predominated.
June 22, 1941 found Tvardovsky at his dacha near Zvenigorod. He immediately left for Moscow, received an appointment to the newspaper of the Kyiv military district “Red Army” and within a few days arrived at the front, to the sites of hostilities. Together with the active army, having started the war on the Southwestern Front as a special correspondent for a front-line newspaper, he walked along the roads of war from Moscow to Konigsberg. June 22, 1941 found Tvardovsky at his dacha near Zvenigorod. He immediately left for Moscow, received an appointment to the newspaper of the Kyiv military district “Red Army” and within a few days arrived at the front, to the sites of hostilities. Together with the active army, having started the war on the Southwestern Front as a special correspondent for a front-line newspaper, he walked along the roads of war from Moscow to Konigsberg.
“Vasily Terkin” His main work during the war years was the lyric epic poem “Vasily Terkin”. This poem by Tvardovsky earned a commendable review even from such a demanding critic as I. A. Bunin. His main work during the war years was the lyric epic poem “Vasily Terkin”. This poem by Tvardovsky earned a commendable review even from such a demanding critic as I. A. Bunin.
“Cruel Memory” Tvardovsky’s work in the post-war years is permeated with that special feeling, state of mind, which the poet in one of his poems called “cruel memory.” In the post-war period, he created the main poem of that period - “Beyond the Distance - the Distance.” In it, the poet strives for an honest conversation with the reader, but already understands that this is impossible. Tvardovsky’s work in the post-war years is permeated with that special feeling, state of mind, which the poet in one of his poems called “cruel memory.” In the post-war period, he created the main poem of that period - “Beyond the Distance - the Distance.” In it, the poet strives for an honest conversation with the reader, but already understands that this is impossible. From 1954 to 1963, he worked on his next poem, “Terkin in the Other World,” which would be published and then forgotten about, as if it never existed. A similar fate befell another of Tvardovsky’s poems, “By the Right of Memory” (1969). From 1954 to 1963, he worked on his next poem, “Terkin in the Other World” - it would be published and then forgotten about, as if it never existed. A similar fate befell another of Tvardovsky’s poems, “By the Right of Memory” (1969). He devoted the last years of his life to lyric poetry. The poet feels that he is unable to change anything in this world and feels useless. He devoted the last years of his life to lyric poetry. The poet feels that he is unable to change anything in this world and feels useless. Despite the fact that Tvardovsky himself had considerable power and influence (he was both a member of the board of the USSR Writers' Union and a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee), he constantly had to experience pressure from conservative forces. Despite the fact that Tvardovsky himself had considerable power and influence (he was both a member of the board of the USSR Writers' Union and a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee), he constantly had to experience pressure from conservative forces. In 1970, he was once again removed from the post of editor-in-chief, and the editorial office itself was virtually destroyed. A year and a half after this, the poet died. As one historian wrote, “Tvardovsky’s death became a turning point for an entire period in the country’s cultural life.” In 1970, he was once again removed from the post of editor-in-chief, and the editorial office itself was virtually destroyed. A year and a half after this, the poet died. As one historian wrote, “Tvardovsky’s death became a turning point for an entire period in the country’s cultural life.”
The whole essence is in one single covenant: What I will say, before the time melts, I know it better than anyone in the world - Living and dead - only I know. To say that word to anyone else, I could never trust. Not even Leo Tolstoy. He won’t say, let him be his god. And I'm only mortal. I am responsible for my own, I worry about one thing during my life: I want to say what I know better than anyone else in the world. And the way I want.
ALEXANDER TRIFONOVICH TVARDOVSKY POEM “VASILY TERKIN” Presentation prepared by a student of grade 7-A of Sevastopol secondary school No. 29 Melnik Yana
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born in the Smolensk region into the family of a simple peasant. In 1939, the writer was drafted into the Red Army. He worked as a war correspondent. Here the image of Vasya Terkin begins to take shape - the image of a seasoned soldier, a cheerful, easy-going person. But in 1942, Alexander Trifonovich changed his views on his hero. The writer is no longer satisfied with the cheerful image of Vasya Terkin. And in 1942 Vasily Terkin appears. The first chapters were met with enthusiasm.
The composition of the work is very interesting. In the very first chapter, the author himself talks about the features of his creation: In a word, a book about a fighter Without beginning, without end. Why is this without a beginning? Because time is not enough. Start it all over again. Why without end? I just feel sorry for the guy. Thus, each chapter is an independent work. There are many lyrical digressions in the book. Four whole chapters are devoted to this. In writing this work, the author showed complete freedom. There is also freedom in choosing a genre. This is not a poem, but a folk book. Tvardovsky came up with a universal genre and called it “a book about a fighter.” The theme of this work is war. The author shows it from beginning to end.
The central image is Vasily Terkin. The author gradually creates a portrait of Vasily. Terkin is an ordinary soldier: Just a guy himself. He is ordinary. . . . . Endowed with beauty He was not excellent. Not tall, not that small, But a hero-hero. Vasily's character is revealed gradually. Throughout the book, the author shows Terkin from different sides. The hero shows real courage and courage in the chapter “Crossing”. Terkin swam in water that is “cold even to fish.” But still, having broken off the ice crust near the shores, he, like him, Vasily Terkin, stood up alive and got there by swimming.
In this chapter we see that Terkin is very cheerful, and even in tragic moments, humor does not leave him: And with a timid smile, the fighter then says: “Can I also have a glass because he’s a great guy?” In the chapter “Terkin is wounded” we see daring bravado in front of an enemy shell. With his wild trick, he raises the morale of the soldiers: He himself stands next to the crater And in full view of the boys, Turning to that shell, he relieves himself. . . In the German bunker, dangers await him, but even here he jokes: - No, guys, I’m not proud, Without looking into the distance, So I’ll say: why do I need an order? I agree to a medal.
In the chapter “Two Soldiers” Terkin the Worker is shown. A meeting between two soldiers is described. One is old, a soldier of the First World War, and the other is young. Terkin is a master in every task: he can repair a watch, adjust a saw, play the accordion. Vasily is confident of victory: And he said: “We’ll beat you, father.” . . In the chapter “Duel” the author uses the technique of opposition. Vasily Terkin is contrasted with the German: The German was strong and dexterous, Well cut, tightly sewn, . . . . Well-fed, shaved, cared for, fed with free goodness, . . . Our Vasily is much weaker than the German: Terkin knew that in this fight He was weaker: not the same grub. But still, Terkin does not shy away from blows and enters into a duel with the German. Vasily hates him fiercely. The realization that the whole country was behind him helped our fighter win.
In the chapter “Who Shot? “The author talks about Terkin’s courage. Vasily “did not hide in a trench, remembering all his relatives,” but stood up and began shooting “from his knee with a rifle at the plane.” And in this unequal duel Terkin emerges victorious. They even gave him an order: “That’s what happiness means to a guy, Lo and behold, the order came out of the bush!” The chapter “Death and the Warrior” describes a completely unusual duel. Here Death itself appears before Terkin. But our fighter has such a love for life that even a very terrible opponent retreated before her. The duel with Death is a symbol of the immortality of the Russian soldier. The image of the main character is complemented by speech characteristics. Vasily Terkin is a simple soldier. This means that his speech is also simple, soldierly, original and witty. There are a lot of rude colloquial words, proverbs, sayings, soldiers’ words in it: “will bake”, “help”, “skay”, “at least the eye can see”, “barely a soul in the body”, “this is a saying for now, a fairy tale will come” .
The images of the big and small homeland are clear in the poem. Terkin and Tvardovsky are fellow countrymen. Several times the author recalls his homeland. In the chapter “On the Reward,” he dreams of a bright future, but at the end he remembers that the Smolensk region has already been occupied by the enemy: And the post office does not carry letters to your native Smolensk region. And in the chapter “About Myself,” the fighter remembers his past and is sad about the past years. In the poem, the image of a large homeland appears, which the author calls “my dear mother earth.” These chapters express great love and pride for Russia. In many chapters of the “book about a fighter” the harsh everyday life of war emerges. The author uses the technique of antithesis. He contrasts the terrible rumble of the plane with the peaceful buzz of the cockchafer. This sound is in the soldiers' eardrums. To convey the military roar and roar, the author uses alliteration. He repeats the letters "r" and "n".
Behind the sparse lines, the image of the author appears. We learn about him from lyrical digressions and understand that he loves his hero very much. He also loves his native Smolensk region very much. The author uses a variety of artistic means of expression. Here we can see epithets, metaphors, antithesis, hyperbole, personification, and alliteration. High ideological meaning, closeness to the folk poetic language, simplicity - all this makes the poem a truly folk work. Not only did the soldiers in the war feel warm from this masterpiece, but even now it radiates the inexhaustible warmth of humanity. The main character of this poem is Vasily Terkin, a simple soldier of the Russian army who fought during the Great Patriotic War. Alexander Trifonovich emphasizes Terkin’s character and appearance with various literary techniques: “And so that they know what is strong, Let’s say frankly: He was not endowed with beauty. Not tall, not that small, But a hero is a hero. »
Terkin is characterized by such qualities as courage, courage, sense of humor, and frankness. For example, in the chapter “Who Shot? “The soldier, showing courage, shot down an enemy plane with a machine gun, although he himself did not even believe in success. In the chapter “Crossing”, Vasily brings good news from the opposite bank of the river, having crossed the icy river in winter. He shows no less heroism in the “battle in the swamp.” He can always cheer up his comrades with a good joke, saying or remark. At the same time, having accomplished many “feats”, he does not lay claim to a high award in the chapter “On the Award”: “No, guys, I’m not proud. Without looking into the distance, I’ll say this: why do I need an order? I agree to a medal. “In the chapter “Accordion,” Vasily Terkin, having proven his skill, receives as a gift the accordion of the killed commander. I believe that this is not a wasted gift. With the help of this accordion, Vasily lifts the spirits of his comrades with songs “from his native Smolensk side.”
Each chapter of the poem is a new story from military everyday life, but my favorite chapter was the chapter “Two Soldiers”. She characterizes Terkin as a “jack of all trades”: he repaired an old watch and sharpened a saw. Of great importance in this chapter is the way Terkin eats scrambled eggs: “He ate a lot, but not greedily, He gave honor to the snack, So okay, so smoothly, You’ll look - you’ll want to eat. “I also found the conversation between two soldiers interesting: Terkin and the old master. From this conversation, the owner concludes that today's soldiers are still as strong in spirit as their predecessors. In his dreams, the soldier wants to wait until the end of the war and return to his homeland, to the Smolensk region. There Terkin dreams of showing off his medal to his comrades and talking about the war.
Vasily Terkin is a true Russian character, a good worker, a brave warrior, a glorious comrade, a man who does not lose heart in any circumstances, who can argue with death itself. Terkin is a patriot who, for the sake of life on earth, is ready to endure the exorbitant hardships of military everyday life. It seems to me that this is why they erected a monument to him in our city. Not every literary hero gets monuments, which emphasizes the soldier’s individuality. This monument depicts Vasily Terkin with an accordion in his hands, talking with Tvardovsky. The monument is cast from bronze. I think that in real life, during the Great Patriotic War, there were soldiers similar in character to Vasily Terkin. Vasily Terkin is especially close to us because he was born in the Smolensk region. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky wrote this poem during the war and was a soldier himself, which helped him very realistically describe all the feelings and actions of his hero. The author dedicates his poem to all the soldiers who walked the roads of war and returned home victoriously in 1945, and to the blessed memory of those who died and did not live to see Victory Day.
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky about the Great Patriotic War
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this...
1910 – 1971
Tvardovsky about himself
“I was born in the Smolensk region, in 1910, on the “stolpovo wasteland farm.” In the life of our family there were occasional glimmers of prosperity, but in general life was meager and difficult. I started writing poetry before I mastered basic literacy. I remember well that I tried to write down my first poem, denouncing my peers, destroyers of birds’ nests, without yet knowing all the letters of the alphabet...”
Tvardovsky's parents
My father was a literate man and even well-read in the village style. The book was not a rarity in our household. We often devoted entire winter evenings to reading a book out loud.
My mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, was always very impressionable and sensitive.
Conscription into the Army
In the fall of 1939, I was drafted into the Red Army and took part in the liberation campaign of our troops in Western Belarus. At the end of the campaign, I was transferred to the reserve, but soon again called up and, already in the rank of officer, but in the same position as a special correspondent for a military newspaper, participated in the war with Finland.
Alexander Tvardovsky. 1939
“I went on my own attack...”
“War with Germany. I'm going to Moscow" , - this short entry made on June 22, 1941 by Alexander Tvardovsky marked the beginning of his war diaries and workbooks, which the poet would keep day after day throughout the four years of the war.
Front-line correspondent Alexander Tvardovsky walked the difficult roads of war from the first day to the last. His daily notes are an invaluable chronicle of the war years.
A. Tvardovsky - war correspondent
The poet writes poems, essays, feuilletons in front-line newspapers: “Red Army”, “Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda”.
In war, under a shaky roof,
On the roads where I had to
In the rain, covered with a raincoat - a tent,
In the wind, in the bitter frost,
I wrote it down in my notebook
Lines that lived scattered...
Letters from Tvardovsky
6.VII.1942 A.T. - M.I. Kyiv-Moscow
...We are always on the move.
Of the difficulties of life, the most important is “lack of sleep,” that is, almost no sleep. But I can bear it all quite easily.
One thing is very pleasing: our people are not afraid of the Germans, they despise him. Don't be sad when you think about our departure. It will be, perhaps, even greater than you imagine, but this is the path to victory.
It has happened to our homeland to remain without Moscow for a while, let alone...
29.VIII.1943 A.T. - M.I. Moscow - Chistopol
...I'll tell you a secret: our affairs at the front are improving. I myself read Hitler’s order found on a captured officer, in which he writes that the loss of Rzhev is tantamount to the loss of Berlin...
27.VI. 1944 A.T. - M.I. Moscow - Chistopol
The dust of the roads, the roar from the sky and from the ground - everything is the same as three years ago. But only - we go west and occupy the cities. And we peck at the enemy from the sky and from the ground, and we surround, and capture, and overtake - we hit.
"Front Chronicle"
Tvardovsky's lyrics from 1941 to 1945 are a kind of chronicle of the war. The poems are imbued with “real truth” in its harsh unvarnishedness. Hence the name that unites the entire cycle of poems - “Front-line Chronicle”.
Poem "Vasily Terkin"
“Comrade Tvardovsky, is it possible to replace Vasily with Victor in your poem, since Vasily is my father, I am his son Viktor Vasilyevich Terkin...”
From a reader's letter
With this first letter, “Terkin’s mail” began, which continued for almost 30 years, until the poet’s death. People of different nationalities, ages, professions wrote, they wrote from all over the country and from abroad.
Reviews about Tyorkin
I listened to “Torkin” on the radio again and was shocked again. I think that the poem is an excellent script for showing in cinema what a Russian soldier should be and was in a combat situation.
From letters from readers
Artists
S. Ilimov
and B. Chuprygin
Yu. Neprintsev “Rest after the battle”
Poem "House by the Road"
The first chapters of the poem “Road House” appeared in December 1943.
“Its theme is war, but from a different side than in “Terkin” - from the side of home, family, wife and children of a soldier who survived the war.”
A. Tvardovsky with his mother, daughters Valya and sister Maria in 1936
"Motherland and Foreign Land"
“I always wrote prose along with poetry. In 1947, I published a book about the past war, “Motherland and Foreign Land.” Homeland is the cross-cutting and main theme of the book. And the foreign land in it is not just foreign lands, but what is opposite to the homeland.
A. Tvardovsky and I. Ehrenburg
books "Torkin in the Other World"
Cover
“I was killed near Rzhev”
The battles near Rzhev were the bloodiest in the history of the war and became its most tragic page. The entire poem is a passionate monologue of the dead, his appeal to the living.
I bequeath in that life
You should be happy
And to my native Fatherland
And cherish it sacredly,
Brothers, your happiness -
In memory of a warrior - brother,
That he died for her.
Memory of those killed in the war
The lyrical hero of his later poetry is, first of all, a wise man who reflects on life and time. The topic of historical memory is the main, most painful topic for the poet:
I know it's not my fault The fact is that others did not come back from the war. The fact is that they, who are older, who are younger - We stayed there and it’s not about the same thing, That I could, but failed to save them - That's not what this is about, but still, still, still...
On the day of liberation of Zagorje, 1943
A. Tvardovsky with fellow countrymen
A. Tvardovsky with Smolensk writers, 1945
Tvardovsky in the hearts of people
Tvardovsky - the man died, Tvardovsky - the poet - is alive, he will forever remain with the people, with us.
I lived, I was -
for everything in the world
I answer with my head.
The work was completed
8th grade students
Municipal educational institution "Romashkovskaya Secondary School"
Maikos Elvira,
Presentation competition “Great People of Russia” Mutual aid community for teachers website Shumilo Nadezhda Leonidovna teacher of Russian language and literature Municipal autonomous educational institution “Secondary school No. 13 with in-depth study of individual subjects” Elektrostal Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky
Slide 2
Childhood Alexander Tvardovsky was born on June 21, 1910 in the Zagorye farmstead of Smolensk province in the family of a village blacksmith. The father of the future poet, Trifon Gordeevich, acquired a plot of land through the Land Peasant Bank with payment in installments and from a very young age instilled in children love and respect for this sour, podzolic, stingy and unkind, but our land - our “estate”, as he he called his farm either jokingly or not... This area was quite wild, away from the roads, and my father, a wonderful blacksmith, soon closed the forge, deciding to live off the land.
Slide 3
Tvardovsky told about himself that he was born in a field, in a copse under a Christmas tree. The poet’s mother was just knitting “kopnushki” And these rumors did not offend me, That I came from under the Christmas tree. Well, from under the tree. But, as the old women then claimed, wolves don’t touch those from under the tree.
Slide 4
s7 l i n i c h o s i k s d o v r a v T d n a s k e Poems Alnie, e r o v t o h i t s o years. “First of the nest destroyers, I tried to ascertain the alphabet.” In hemp I went to school in bast shoes to the village every day at Lyakhovo about 9 km. . At the age of 12 he wanted to become a priest, and already at 13 he was a convinced atheist.
Slide 5
First publications Since 1924, Tvardovsky began sending small notes to the editors of Smolensk newspapers. “I wrote about faulty bridges, about Komsomol subbotniks, about abuses of local authorities, etc. Sometimes the notes were printed.” On July 19, the newspaper “Smolenskaya Derevnya” published his first poem “New Hut”. It smells like fresh pine resin, the yellowish walls shine. We will live well in the spring Here in a new, Soviet way... The artist I. Fomichev drew a pencil portrait of “village correspondent Alexander Tvardovsky,” which was printed on a newspaper page with his poems. “IT WAS A SLEEVED YOUNG MAN WITH VERY BLUE EYES AND LIGHT BROWN HAIR”
Slide 6
In 1928, Tvardovsky moved to Smolensk, collaborated with the Rabochy Put newspaper, and traveled a lot on correspondent assignments around the regions. The circle of his acquaintances, including literary ones, is expanding. Tvardovsky sent his poems to Moscow to the magazine "October", where they were published and met with the approval of Mikhail Svetlov.
Slide 7
Soon Tvardovsky moved to the capital. But it turned out about the same as with Smolensk: “I was occasionally published,” Tvardovsky recalled, “someone approved of my experiments, supporting childish hopes, but I did not earn much more than in Smolensk, and lived in corners, bunks, I wandered around the editorial offices, and I was increasingly noticeably carried somewhere away from the direct and difficult path of real study, real life. In the winter of 1930 I returned to Smolensk.”
Slide 8
Collectivization In 1931, Tvardovsky’s parents would be sent to the Urals as kulaks. The poet tried to protect them and got an appointment with the secretary of the regional party committee. He will say: “There are moments in life when you need to choose “between mom and dad and the revolution.” For the poet it was like cutting off his soul.
Slide 9
Years of study In 1932, Alexander Tvardovsky entered the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute. “Taking a break from books and studies, I went to collective farms as a correspondent for regional newspapers, delved into with passion everything that constituted a new, first emerging system of rural life...”
Slide 10
In 1936, Tvardovsky came to Moscow, entered the philological faculty of the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature and graduated with honors in 1939.
Slide 11
“The Country of Ant” The poem “The Country of Ant”, written in the mid-1930s, brought wide fame to the poet about the fate of an individual peasant, about his difficult path to the collective farm. In the work, designed in a fabulous folklore poetic vein, Tvardovsky managed to convey the drama of the hero’s fate and the complexity of his quest.
Slide 12
War correspondent Tvardovsky graduates from the Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature, and four months later the war with Finland began, and he becomes a front-line correspondent. Arrives, as ordered, to the Leningrad Military District. By his own admission, Tvardovsky fell in love with the Red Army as he only loved the countryside and collective farms. It seemed to him that the Army would be his second theme for the rest of his life.
Slide 13
The war shocked Tvardovsky. “A feeling of absolute constraint, frozen out... Everyone was shocked by the course of events. First there was agonizing waiting, then repeated attempts to break through. It looks like witchcraft: with a significant superiority of troops and equipment, there are so many losses and a minimum of results. I remember: we came out into a clearing, large, open, and here we saw the first killed. They had apparently been lying there for two days already. To the left, with his head towards the forest, lay a young, pink-cheeked officer boy. The boots were taken off the feet, the pink flannel wraps were unrolled. To the right lay a flattened corpse, run over by a tank. Then - again and again. Ours and the Finns. Everyone's hands seemed very small (numb). My heart sank at the sight of my dead. Moreover, it is especially sad and painful when a fighter lies alone under his greatcoat in the snow. Somewhere else letters are sent to him by field mail, but he lies there. Part of him has already gone far, and he lies there. There are already other heroes, other dead, and they lie, and he lies, but they remember him less often. Subsequently, I became convinced that in such a harsh war it is unusually easy for an individual to be forgotten. Killed and that's it. Everything, everything is subordinated to the main task - success, moving forward. And if you stop, think about it, become horrified, then you won’t have the strength for further struggle.
Slide 14
In June 1941, in the first days of the war, Tvardovsky was sent to the headquarters of the Southwestern Front, where he was to work in the front-line newspaper “Red Army”. “In 1941, near Kiev... I barely escaped the encirclement. The editorial office of the newspaper of the Southwestern Front, where I worked, was located in Kyiv. It was ordered not to leave the city until the last hour... The army units had already retreated beyond the Dnieper, and the editorial office was still working... I was saved by a miracle: the regimental commissar took me into his car, and we barely jumped out of the closing ring of German encirclement.”
Slide 15
His native Smolensk region was occupied for more than two years. “My parents and sisters lived there, and during that time I didn’t change my mind about them. The Smolensk region was liberated by the troops of the Western Front in 1943, and in the first days after liberation from the occupiers I was able to see my homeland. Native Zagorje. Only a few residents here managed to escape being shot or burned. The area was so wild and looked so unusual that I didn’t even recognize the ashes of my father’s house.”
Slide 16
Poem "Vasily Terkin"
Slide 17
"Vasya Terkin" was a fighter" has been known to the reader of the "Book about since 1939-1940, from the period of the Finnish campaign. “In the spring of 1942, I arrived in Moscow and, looking at my notebooks, suddenly decided to revive Vasily Terkin. An introduction was immediately written about water, food, jokes and truth. The chapters “At a halt”, “Crossing”, “Terkin is wounded”, “About the award”, which were in rough drafts, were quickly completed. “The accordion” remained basically in the same form as it was printed at the time.”
Slide 18
The first publication of “Vasily Terkin” took place in the newspaper “Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda” on September 4, 1942. In “The Book about a Fighter” the war is depicted as it is - in everyday life and heroism, intertwining the ordinary with the sublime and tragic. First of all, the poem is strong with the truth about war as a harsh and tragic test of the vital forces of a people, a country, and every person at the limit of possibilities.
Slide 19
The image of Vasily Terkin absorbed what is typical for many, but in him these features and properties were embodied brighter, sharper, more original. Folk wisdom, optimism, endurance, worldly ingenuity, skill, inexhaustible humor - everything is fused into a living and integral human character. Terkin - who is he? Let's be honest: He's just a guy himself. He's ordinary.
Slide 20
“House by the Road” The poem was created from 1942 to 1946. “Its theme is war, but from a different side than in “Terkin” - from the side of home, family, wife and children of a soldier who survived the war,” noted Tvardovsky. Through the difficult fate of the Sivtsov family, which was scattered by the war: the father went to the front, the mother and children were taken prisoner by the Nazis to Germany, the poet reveals the hardships of military trials and affirms his faith in the resilience of the people.
Slide 21
After the war, “The later lyrics of A. Tvardovsky are mainly lyrics of memory. The theme of memory is most intensely, constantly and diversely associated with war. Tvardovsky never “reconstructs” the military past... The memory of the war simply lives in his poems, even if it is not directly mentioned...” (A.I. Pavlovsky)
Slide 22
In the 1950s and 60s, Tvardovsky wrote the poem “Beyond the Distance, the Distance.” In 1947, he published a book about the past war under the general title “Motherland and Foreign Land.” Tvardovsky actively worked to complete the poetic story about Vasily Terkin. Its final part was called “Terkin in the Other World.”
Slide 23
The poet was very worried about the death of his mother. “My mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, was always very impressionable and sensitive, not even without sentimentality, to many things that were outside the practical, everyday interests of a peasant household, the troubles and concerns of a housewife in a large large family. She was moved to tears by the sound of a shepherd's trumpet somewhere in the distance behind our farm bushes and swamps, or the echo of a song from distant village fields, or, for example, the smell of the first young hay, the sight of some lonely tree. In 1965, he saw her off on her last journey. Vietom etc.” - this is how he created the cycle “In Memory of the Mother” during his mother’s lifetime, which Alexander Trifonovich wrote about her, consisting of four poems. "Autobiographies".
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One of the poems in the cycle, “In the land where they were taken in droves..”, reproduces true facts related to the forced relocation of the Tvardovsky family during the years of collectivization. The poem depicts the northern taiga region with its gloomy graveyard and unpleasant barracks. But her mother certainly remembered, As soon as they started talking about everything that had passed, How she didn’t want to die there, It was such a disgraceful cemetery. And she used to see in her dreams not so much the house and the yard with all the right ones, but that hillock in her native land With crosses under the curly birches. Such beauty and grace, in the distance the highway, the pollen of the road smokes. “I’ll wake up, I’ll wake up,” the mother said, And behind the wall is a taiga cemetery...
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“New World” Tvardovsky was the editor-in-chief of the “New World” magazine for many years, courageously defending the right to publish every talented work that came to the editorial office. Many of the greatest writers of the 1960s were published in the magazine, and the magazine exposed many to the reader. These are F. Abramov, V. Bykov, Ch. Aitmatov, S. Zalygin, G. Troepolsky, B. Mozhaev and A. Solzhenitsyn.
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For several years, the intense literary (and, in fact, ideological) polemics of the magazines “New World” and “October”, led by editor V. Kochetov, continued. The “sovereign” patriots also expressed their persistent ideological rejection of the magazine. After Khrushchev's removal from senior positions, a campaign against the New World was carried out in the magazine Ogonyok and the newspaper Socialist Industry. Glavlit waged a fierce struggle with the magazine, systematically not allowing the most important materials to be published. In February 1970, Tvardovsky was forced to resign as editor, and part of the magazine’s staff followed his example. The editorial office was essentially destroyed.
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Soon after the defeat of the New World, Tvardovsky was diagnosed with lung cancer. During this period of his life, next to the poet were his closest people - his wife Maria Illarionovna and daughters Valentina and Olga. Alexander Tvardovsky lived with his wife Maria Illarionovna for more than 40 years. She became for him not only his wife, but also a true friend and ally who devoted her entire life to him. Maria Illarionovna reprinted his works many times, visited the editorial offices, and supported him in moments of despair and depression. “You are my only hope and support,” Alexander Trifonovich wrote to her from the front. There were few poems about love in Tvardovsky’s work. Maria Illarionovna Tvardovskaya wrote in her memoirs about her husband: “What seemed only personal to him, what constituted the deepest part of his soul, was not often brought out. This is the law of people's life. He kept it to the end."
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Sources of text information 1. Grishunin A.L. “Vasily Terkin” by Alexander Tvardovsky. M., 1987. 2. Makedonov A.V. The creative path of Tvardovsky: Houses and roads. M., 1981. 3. History of Russian literature of the 20th century (20-90s). Basic names. Textbook for philological faculties of universities./Responsible editor. S.I. Kormilov. M., 1998. 4.Russian literature of the 20th century. 11th grade: Workshop for general education. Institutions / Ed. Yu.I. Lyssogo.-M., Mnemosyne, 1998. 5. About fires-conflagrations: Collection of poems and songs.- M., 2000. 6. Hour of Courage: Poems about War / Comp. V.A.Kostrov, G.N.Krasnikov - M., Olympus, 2005. 7. Peremyshlev E. Winter under an uninhabited sky... A. Tvardovsky in the Finnish War. - “Literature. First of September" No. 12/2000 8. Internet resources: 1) Forum-history.ru - Historical forum. History and modernity of Russia and the world; 2)chtoby-pomnili.com To be remembered