Military ranks in the Russian Navy. Naval ranks and their classification

Ship ranks, just like in the ground forces, are assigned according to the extent to which the serviceman has the ability and desire to take charge of the sector entrusted to him. All ranks Navy differ significantly from similar land ones. This is due to a number of events that occurred in the history of Russia.

The main changes have occurred:

All modern naval ranks can be divided into 4 general categories: conscripts, junior officers, senior officers, senior officer ranks.

Marine shoulder straps were introduced in 1802. At this time there appeared shoulder straps on the shoulders of sailors of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets.

In 1917 shoulder straps were abolished when the Soviet government abandoned the old imperial system. They were replaced by sleeve patches. The sailors faced a long struggle for the right to wear shoulder straps on their shoulders, but in 1943 shoulder straps Navy uniforms of personnel of these types of troops began to be decorated again.

Now shoulder straps all military personnel of the navy have black color. The difference in ship ranks is in the location and number of distinctive signs on them.

Conscripts

In Soviet times, service in the navy was 3 years, so many conscripts tried to avoid such long service. They hid from conscription just to avoid joining the navy. Currently in Navy are called up to serve for 1 year, the same as in the ground forces.

However, due to the fact that in 2017 a decree was issued regarding conscript service in the ranks Navy, conscripts will no longer go through it on ships and submarines. This is due to the fact that Navy switches to a contract basis.

In order to train personnel, more time is needed than allotted for conscription service. Conscripts will serve exclusively in the Coast Guard or Marine brigade.

Naval ranks and shoulder straps in Navy assigned according to a specific service life. All conscripts who serve in these troops receive the rank sailor, which corresponds to the rank of private in other types of troops. During the service, if sailor proves himself, he may be awarded the next rank in his sailor’s career, senior sailor, which is identical to the corporal in the ground forces.

Sailors can be:

radio technicians;
mechanics;
helmsmen.

The senior sailor is already allowed to command the group or temporarily replace the squad leader. Shoulder straps The sailors, like the privates, are clean. There is only a designation in the form of the letter “F” on the shoulder strap. The senior sailor has one stripe in the form of a corner on his shoulder strap.

Next in the ranks Navy there are senior ranks, which are identical to sergeant ranks in other troops. Their duties also correspond to the sergeant and petty officer ranks in the ground forces.

The distribution of responsibility begins with the senior officer of article 2. Next comes petty officer 1st article, these sailors are entrusted with command of the squad, and chief petty officer may take responsibility for commanding a platoon. Chief Petty Officer on the ship he is responsible for the company.

Shoulder straps senior officers of the navy differ in the number of stripes on them. The foreman of the second article has 2 triangular stripes on his shoulder straps. Petty Officer 1st article has three stripes on his shoulder straps, and chief petty officer wears one but wide stripe. On the shoulder straps of the ship's chief petty officer there is a wide stripe and another narrow one next to it.

The next level on the career ladder is “ midshipman" This title is given only to those sailors who have graduated from a special school. In ground and air forces it corresponds to the rank " ensign" They are mainly responsible for organizational issues. Title " senior midshipman", has more powers and allows command of junior ranks.

Shoulder straps Navy Russian sailors in this rank differ in the number of stars. The midshipman should have two stars on his shoulders, and the senior midshipman should have three small stars on his shoulder straps.
Maximum rank for conscripts in the ranks Navy, subject to urgent service, this foreman 2 articles. This limitation is due to the fact that to receive this promotion you need to serve 1 year.

Junior officers

The very first rank in this officer corps is Ensign. It is assigned to the commander of a section on a ship or a platoon; it is also available in other branches of the military. Accordingly, the rank of lieutenant can be awarded upon expiration of the period of service at the previous rank. The assigned responsibility is higher than in the previous rank.

Senior Lieutenant has a responsibility higher than that of a lieutenant, which allows him to be the first mate of a ship. The next step in a sailor's career is obtaining the rank of captain-lieutenant, which is the final step in this officer corps. In other troops it is similar to the rank of army captain. A sailor with this rank can have a hundred subordinates at his disposal.

On the shoulder straps of lieutenants, in addition to the stars, there is a narrow stripe that runs along the entire shoulder strap. The number of stars depends on the rank. The smallest number is one star for a junior lieutenant, and then with each rank their number increases. The captain-lieutenant has four stars on his shoulder straps.

Senior officers

Senior officers also include the rank of captain.

The captain's shoulder straps have two longitudinal stripes. What does it mean to belong to the rank of captain? But the difference in ranks can be determined by the number of stars. The largest number, three stars, is located on the shoulder straps of a 1st rank captain.

Senior officers

In the navy, all ranks included in this composition correspond to the highest ranks of the ground forces. These ranks include admiral ranks.

Naval ranks and those attached to them shoulder straps senior officials Navy The Russian Federation has certain differences. There are no additional elements on them except stars. But on such shoulder straps there are stars of the largest size. One star is located on the shoulder straps of the rear admiral, two stars are on the vice admiral, three on the admiral and four on the admiral of the fleet.

In what other units are naval ranks awarded?

In the Navy, there are coastal units in which corresponding ranks are assigned. These include:

Marines designed for combat on the coastline and in the water. Their task is to protect maritime objects Navy. In the Marine Corps, only sailor and senior sailor have naval ranks, and then ranks are assigned, as in the ground forces.

Coastal security belongs to relatively new divisions Navy Russia, which relates to the border service FSB Russia. The task of the coast guard is to ensure the security of maritime borders and the safety of the surrounding waters. In this unit, ranks are assigned in the same way as in the navy. After graduating from the Coast Guard Institute, graduates are awarded the title midshipman . Shoulder straps All sailors have appropriate insignia. In this case, there are two midshipman stars on the shoulder straps of the graduates.

Naval aviation is designed to repel enemy attacks and provide air cover during combat operations. These units are based on aircraft carriers and other warships, as well as at airfields near the coastline. The ships are based on carrier-based fighters, training aircraft and helicopters. Naval aviation ranks and shoulder straps assigned the same way as naval ranks among infantrymen Navy. First comes sailor, then senior sailor, and then as in other ground forces.

How are titles awarded in Navy Russia

All titles are awarded according to established deadlines. But in case of demonstrated diligence or zeal for service, they may be awarded another promotion ahead of schedule. Marine military ranks and the insignia assigned to them and shoulder straps are assigned within the following periods:

Navy Russia consists of many units and each of them performs its own combat missions, but courage and courage have always been the hallmark of all sailors from sailor to admiral.

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Detailed description of ship ranks in ascending order

Sailor- a junior rank in the navy that corresponds to a land private. These are conscripts for military service.

Senior sailor- a parallel to the army rank of corporal, which is assigned to a sailor for maintaining discipline and exemplary performance of duties. Can be an assistant sergeant major and replace a sergeant major of the second class.

Petty Officers

Foreman of the second article- junior rank in the senior ranks, which was introduced on November 2, 1940. Situated in rank above the senior sailor and below the first class petty officer. May be a squad leader.

Petty Officer of the first article- a sailor of the fleet who is ranked higher in rank than the petty officer of the second article, but below the chief petty officer. Second in order of growth in the list of senior officers, introduced on November 2, 1940. This is a squad commander who has shown excellent results in performing military and organizational duties.

Chief petty officer– military rank in the Navy of the Russian Federation and Coast Guard. Occupies a place between the first class petty officer and the midshipman of the fleet. The naval rank of chief naval sergeant corresponds to the army rank of senior sergeant. Can replace a platoon commander.

Midshipman– a word of English origin, which is assigned to a sailor after completing appropriate training programs and courses. In land terms, this is an ensign. Performs organizational and combat duties within the framework of a platoon commander or company sergeant major.

Senior midshipman- a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than midshipman, but lower than junior lieutenant. Similarly - senior warrant officer in other branches of the military.

Junior officers

Rank junior lieutenant comes from French and translates as "substitute". Occupies the first rank in the junior officer ranks, both in the ground and naval forces. May be a post or platoon commander.

Lieutenant- second among ranks in the navy, in rank above junior lieutenant and below senior lieutenant. Awarded upon completion of service with the rank of junior lieutenant.

Senior Lieutenant- a naval rank of junior officers in Russia, which is higher in rank than lieutenant and lower than lieutenant commander. With excellent performance in the service, he can be an assistant to the captain of a ship.

Lieutenant Commander- the highest rank of junior officers, which in the Russian Federation and Germany corresponds to captain of the army of the ground forces. A sailor with this rank is considered the deputy captain of the ship and the commander of a company of hundreds of subordinates.

Senior officers

Captain 3rd rank- corresponds to an army major. The abbreviated name for the shoulder strap is “captri”. Responsibilities include commanding a ship of the appropriate rank. These are small military vessels: landing craft, anti-submarine ships, torpedo ships and minesweepers.

Captain of the second rank, or “kapdva” is the rank of sailor in the Navy, which corresponds to lieutenant colonel in land ranks. This is the commander of a ship of the same rank: large landing ships, missile and destroyers.

Captain of the first rank, or “kapraz”, “kapturang” is a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than captain of the second rank and lower than rear admiral. May 7, 1940 exists among ranks in the navy, decided the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "Kapturang" commands ships with complex control and enormous military power: aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and cruisers.

Senior officers

Rear Admiral can command a squadron of ships and replace the commander of a flotilla. Adopted since 1940 and since that time corresponds to major general of the ground forces and aviation.

Vice Admiral- a rank of sailors in Russia, which allows you to replace an admiral. Corresponds to a lieutenant general of the ground forces. Manages the actions of flotillas.

Admiral translated from Dutch as “lord of the sea”, therefore he is a member of the senior officer corps. Army employees are assigned the rank of Colonel General. Manages the active fleet.

Fleet Admiral- the highest active rank, as well as in other types of troops, army general. Manages the fleet and is assigned to active admirals with excellent combat, organizational and strategic performance.

What types of troops are assigned naval ranks?

The Navy of the Russian Federation (RF Navy) also includes the following units:

Marine Corps;
coast guard;
naval aviation.

The Marine Corps is a unit that carries out the defense of military installations, coastal areas and other sea lines. The Marines include sabotage and reconnaissance groups. The Marine Corps motto is: “Where we are, there is victory.”

The Coast Guard is a branch of the military that defends Russian naval bases and special facilities in the coastal zone. They have at their disposal anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapons, as well as missile systems and other artillery.

Naval aviation is troops whose responsibilities include detecting and destroying the enemy, defending ships and other elements from enemy forces, and destroying enemy aircraft, helicopters and other air structures. Russian aviation also carries out air transportation and rescue operations on the high seas.

How and for what is the next rank assigned to sailors?

The assignment of the next title is specified in the current laws of the Russian Federation:

For a senior sailor, you must serve 5 months;
obtaining a sergeant major of the 2nd article can be expected after a year of service;
three years for senior sergeant and chief petty officer;
three years to become a midshipman;
2 years for junior lieutenant;
3 for promotion to lieutenant and first lieutenant;
4 years to become a captain-lieutenant and captain of the 3rd rank.
5 years to captain 2nd and 1st rank;
for senior officers, at least a year at the previous rank.

It is also worth knowing that military ranks in the navy may be assigned if the due date has not yet passed, but the military man has demonstrated his organizational, tactical and strategic abilities. A bad sailor is one who does not want to become an admiral, especially since it is possible. There are many examples of motivated, big-thinking sailors who became admirals.

(in order from sailor to high command) mostly go back to those that appeared during the USSR period.

A little history - naval ranks and tables of ranks

As you know, in the last year of the reign of Peter I, the table of ranks was introduced. It was a table where civil and military service positions were divided into fourteen ranks. However, naval ranks were not included in every row of the table.

The XIV rank among naval ranks was given to a midshipman, corresponding to a collegiate registrar, ensign, cornet and artillery bayonet cadet. At the beginning of the reign of Paul I, the rank of midshipman began to refer to the XII rank. Also included in this rank was the rank of non-commissioned lieutenant, which existed until 1732.

A naval lieutenant was classified as rank X until 1884, after which a midshipman was promoted to that rank. The rank of lieutenant, in turn, began to refer to rank IX.

People who managed to rise to rank VIII in the fleet of the Russian Empire acquired the right to personal nobility. These positions included captains of the first three ranks and a senior lieutenant, who appeared in the navy shortly before the First World War. Rank V included the rank of captain-commander, which was finally abolished in 1827. Among the famous bearers of this title was the pioneer Vitus Bering.

Achieving rank IV in the service opened the door to hereditary nobles for a person. In the navy, people who reached the fourth and higher ranks commanded naval formations: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and admiral general.

This also included the rank of Schoutbenacht, who did not take root on Russian soil, and was replaced by a rear admiral. It is noteworthy that this naval rank was used as a pseudonym by the first Russian emperor himself - “Schautbenakht Peter Mikhailov.” The third rank was the General-Kriegskommissar of the Fleet, whose responsibilities included financial support of the naval forces. The title was abolished in 1817. Six people received the highest rank of admiral general in the history of the Russian Empire. Three of them were representatives of the imperial family.

Although the table of ranks ceased to exist after the creation of the USSR, many ranks reappeared in the navy of the Soviet Union and later the Russian Federation.

Main categories of naval ranks

Based on their composition, military personnel can be divided into the following groups:

Conscript and contract personnel.
Junior officers.
Senior officers.
Senior officers.

Russian citizens undergoing military service in the navy receive the rank of sailor. It roughly corresponds to a private in the ground forces. Sailors appeared in the fleet of the Soviet Union in 1946. Before this, the lowest military rank in the navy was called “red naval officer.”

Next comes the rank of “senior sailor,” which corresponds to the “corporal” of ground forces. The senior sailor commands the group or serves as an assistant to the chief petty officer. The rank of senior sailor can be obtained by employees who comply well with discipline and their duties.

The following four ranks correspond to the sergeant ranks of the ground forces:

Foreman of the first article.
Foreman of the second article.
Chief Petty Officer.
Chief ship's sergeant.

Following the foremen are the “midshipman” and “senior midshipman.” These naval ranks correspond to the ranks of warrant officer and chief warrant officer.

The modern division of naval ranks dates back to the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, issued in 1943. He approved the division of officers into junior, senior and senior. The decree included titles for each group, which have survived to the present day.

Junior officers of our country's fleet are called: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and lieutenant commander. A junior lieutenant can lead a combat post. More senior representatives of this category of officers can be assistant commanders of a ship of the fourth rank or even command such a ship.

Senior officers include captains of the first, second and third ranks. They can also be called captri, kavtorang and caperang. These representatives of the officer corps can command military vessels of the appropriate rank.

In the modern Russian fleet, the rank of a warship is determined based on the complexity of control, the number of personnel and combat power. The first rank includes cruisers, nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers. The second rank includes large landing ships, destroyers, and large missile ships.

The third rank includes small missile and anti-submarine ships, medium landing ships, and minesweepers. The fourth rank includes small landing craft and torpedo boats.

The highest officer ranks of our country's fleet were first established in 1940 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council. This is the system we are used to:

In the ground forces, these ranks correspond (in ascending order) to major general, lieutenant general, colonel general and army general. A rear admiral can lead a squadron or serve as an assistant to a flotilla commander. A vice admiral may command a flotilla or operational squadron and also serves as deputy fleet commander. At the head of a separate fleet is an admiral. In modern Russia there is one fleet admiral, who is the commander-in-chief of the naval forces of our country.

The rank of "fleet admiral" was introduced in the Soviet Union in 1940. It corresponded to “general of the army.” None of the naval commanders of the country of the Soviets received it at that moment. In fact, the highest rank was admiral.

In 1944, two naval commanders received it. The first was Nikolai Kuznetsov, who at that time held the post of People's Commissar of the Fleet. He was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, and Nikolai Kuznetsov’s actions in commanding the country’s fleet were successful. In 1945, the title of “Admiral of the Fleet” was given to Ivan Isakov, who led the main naval headquarters during the war before his injury.

In 1955, an additional decree was issued that adjusted the highest naval ranks of the country of the Soviets. To the rank of “Admiral of the Fleet” was added “Soviet Union”. Holders of this rank had the right to wear the “Marshal's Star”, an insignia introduced in 1940.

This highest naval rank was abolished in 1993 because the country referred to in its name no longer existed. The highest rank of naval officers became again "admiral of the fleet".

The rank introduced in 1955 was personal. In the history of the Soviet state, only three people received the title “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.” Immediately after the introduction of the new military rank, N.G. received it. Kuznetsov and I.S. Isakov. A year later, Kuznetsov fell into disgrace and lost his highest rank. It was returned to the naval commander posthumously during the years of Perestroika. In 1967, Sergei Gorshkov was awarded the highest naval rank, who went through the war with the rank of rear admiral and supervised the construction and rearmament of the fleet in the post-war years.

The rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union corresponded in the 1960-1990s to the rank of Marshal of the USSR. In turn, the “admiral of the fleet”, who was of lower rank, corresponded to the general of the army and the marshal of the military branch.

The Commander-in-Chief of our country's naval forces may bear the rank of admiral or admiral of the fleet. Thus, the first naval officer to hold this position in post-Soviet Russia, Felix Gromov, became commander-in-chief in 1992, being an admiral. He received the rank of fleet admiral four years later, shortly before retirement.

The next commanders-in-chief (Vladimir Kuroyedov and Vladimir Masorin) took this post as admirals, and after that they received a higher rank. Vladimir Vysotsky and Vladimir Chirkov were commanders-in-chief, remaining with the rank of admiral. Also, the current Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Korolev retains the rank of admiral, received in 2013.

The chiefs of the Fleet General Staff, who were the first deputies of the commander-in-chief, as a rule, bore the rank of vice admiral or admiral. Andrei Volozhinsky, who began serving in this post in 2016, retains the rank of vice admiral.

The Navy of modern Russia became the successor to the fleet. Most senior naval officers began their service in the Soviet Navy. For this reason, the ranks in the fleet in modern Russia (in order from sailor to admiral) have not undergone fundamental changes compared to the Soviet period.

Those serving in the Russian Navy who are capable of taking responsibility for commanding military personnel are awarded ranks in the fleet. Each of them has characteristic insignia. To receive a specific rank, a person in the service must prove his worth and show zeal for further promotion.

Naval ranks in the Navy are divided into several categories:

Conscripts of contract and military service;
Junior officers;
Senior officers;
Senior officers.

Each military personnel who falls into one of the above categories is assigned certain responsibilities. He must strictly follow the charter and not neglect the tasks the implementation of which is his primary goal.

Ranks

Military ranks are divided into naval or naval and military ranks. The former can be assigned to employees of surface and submarine forces. Military personnel refers to individuals who serve in the airborne, ground and space forces.

The Law “On Military Duty and Military Service” of the Russian Federation (Russian Federation) establishes the military rank for military MAFs.

Sailors

In the navy, the lowest rank is sailor

The junior rank in the Navy is Seaman. In the Navy, it corresponds to the private rating given to a member of the Army. It is received by a conscript for military service. The title is also given to contract soldiers who are just beginning to get acquainted with military affairs.

Next comes the senior sailor. In importance he is equal to a corporal in the army. This rank is given to a serviceman who has never violated discipline and takes his own responsibilities responsibly. Often a senior sailor becomes an assistant or even a deputy foreman of the second class.

Petty Officers

The most junior rank in the senior ranks is sergeant major of the second class. A soldier of this category can count on permission to command a squad.

The sergeant major of the first article becomes a sailor who is ranked higher in rank than the sergeant major of the first article. He is the squad leader. This rank is awarded to military personnel who were able to show good results in the process of performing combat missions. They are also characterized by high organizational skills.

Midshipmen

Midshipman's shoulder straps

The rank of midshipman is awarded to a sailor who has completed a number of training courses and programs. He corresponds to the rank of warrant officer in the ground forces. The midshipman is considered responsible for carrying out combat duties and organizational affairs.

Above him in rank is the senior midshipman. This rank is similar to senior warrant officer in the army. He has the same responsibilities.

Junior officers

The junior lieutenant occupies the initial rank in the officer ranks. This rule applies to both naval and ground forces. A soldier with this rank may be assigned the duties of commander of a post or an entire platoon. It all depends on his professional skills and discipline.

The naval rank of senior lieutenant is given to a sailor who has performed well during service as an ordinary lieutenant. If the serviceman continues to give excellent performance, he will be able to become an assistant captain of a sea vessel.

The junior officer corps is completed by a lieutenant commander. This is the highest rank, which in the Russian Federation corresponds to the rank of company captain in the army. A sailor has the right to become a deputy captain of a ship. He also has the prospect of becoming a company commander, who has several hundred subordinates under his command.

Senior officers

A captain in the naval fleet has the right to occupy command positions on military vessels

A captain of the third category is the equivalent of a major in the army of the Russian Federation. Duties include commanding a ship appropriate to his rank. This includes anti-submarine, landing, torpedo vessels, as well as minesweepers.

Captains of the second rank are the same in importance as lieutenant colonels in the ground forces. This title is given to commanders of missile and landing ships, as well as destroyers.

A captain of the first category of the navy has the right to command ships, which are distinguished by complex control and great military power. We are talking about nuclear submarines, cruisers and aircraft carriers.

Senior officers

The rank of senior officers begins with the rear admiral. He has a naval squadron at his disposal. Also, a serviceman with this rank can temporarily occupy the position of flotilla commander. In terms of importance and responsibilities, a rear admiral corresponds to a major general in the ground army.

In Russia, the rank of vice admiral is provided. This soldier can replace the admiral. In importance, he is on a level with a lieutenant general in the ground forces. Flotillas are subordinate to the vice admiral.

An admiral, which in the land army corresponds to a colonel general, is a rank higher than a vice admiral. He controls and directs the actions of the fleet.

A serviceman who has managed to positively prove himself in the process of performing strategic, combat and organizational tasks can become an admiral of the fleet.

Insignia

Fleet Admiral is the highest rank in the Navy.

The Russian Navy has two categories of shoulder straps. Some of them are intended for officers, while others are for junior personnel.

Sailors, midshipmen and foremen wear blue everyday clothes. Sometimes it is decorated with a silver-tone edging. There is an embroidered letter “F” on the shoulder strap. Midshipmen's dress shirt is beige. The ceremonial uniform is complemented by gray and black sewn shoulder straps, a jacket and a coat.

Officers wear a white dress shirt, which is complemented by detachable shoulder straps without piping. They have a golden color. Also presented is a beige dress shirt with shoulder straps that match the tone of the clothing. It goes with a casual coat and jacket. The latest version of the uniform is complemented by black shoulder straps, which are decorated with yellow edging. On an important occasion, officers wear a ceremonial jacket, which has golden shoulder straps with black edging.

According to the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation, military personnel of the Navy have insignia presented in the table. These data apply only to the Russian Federation.

Rank	Marks of Excellence
Sailors	Shoulder straps without distinctive insignia. Senior sailors have a transverse stripe on them, also known as galloon.
Petty Officers	Yellow braid and stripes. The number of braids depends on the category of petty officer. The main serviceman of this rank has a wide longitudinal braid.
Midshipmen	Shoulder straps with vertical sewn stripes without gaps. Sometimes there are edgings. There are small stars in the amount of 2 or 3 pieces.
Junior officers	Shoulder straps with a yellow vertical stripe and one gap. There are stars measuring 13 mm. The number of stars depends on the rank.
Senior officers	Shoulder straps with two gaps. They are complemented by stars, the size of which reaches 20 mm. The number of stars depends on the rank of the senior officer.
Senior officers	Shoulder straps without gaps. They are decorated with stars that reach 22 mm in size. The largest star is present on the shoulder straps of Admiral Flor. It is equal to 40 mm.

Rivermen and sailors' shoulder straps look exactly like this. Military personnel of the river and sea fleets have another insignia - sleeve ones. They must be present on the uniform, namely on the jackets. Stars and yellow stripes are considered to be the sleeve insignia. They are presented in the following options:

Junior and senior officers - a continuous stripe.
Higher composition - there is an anchor inside the star.

The number of stripes and their width depend on the rank of the serviceman.

In what other units are naval ranks awarded?

Naval aviation has similar ranks to the naval forces

In the order (with a certain sequence) of awarding insignia and ranks of the Navy, several parts are involved:

Coast security.
Marines.
Naval aviation.

Each of these military units is responsible for a specific range of tasks. For example, the infantry is responsible for the defense of military installations, aviation is responsible for detecting and destroying enemy air structures, and the coast guard defends the country's fleet bases.

How are titles awarded?

Ranks are assigned to military personnel in accordance with established deadlines.

Important! A sailor can be given a new rank ahead of schedule if he shows special zeal for service.

Military personnel of the Navy are assigned ranks through the following periods:

Senior sailor - after 5 months;
Petty Officer of the second article - after 1 year;
Chief Petty Officer - after 3 years;
Midshipman - after 3 years;
Junior lieutenant - after 2 years;
Lieutenant and senior lieutenant - after 3 years;
Captain 3rd category - after 4 years;
Captain 2nd and 1st category - after 5 years.

Higher ranks are awarded after one year of service in the previous rank. To achieve a promotion, a sailor must prove himself as a good specialist who is ready to take on important tasks and perform them competently.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, two types of ranks have been established for persons undergoing military service - military and naval. In ancient Rus', the presence of insignia and certain military units formed on a permanent basis was completely excluded. The division of the then still pitiful semblance of a standing army into separate formations took place in accordance with the number of soldiers who were in one or another formation. The principle was as follows: ten warriors - a unit called the “ten”, led by the “ten”. Then everything is in the same spirit.

The history of the emergence of military ranks in Russia

Under Ivan the Terrible, and later under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, this system underwent some changes: Streltsy hundreds appeared, and military ranks appeared in them. At that time, the hierarchy of ranks was the following list:

Sagittarius
foreman
Pentecostal
centurion
head

Of course, between all the above ranks and the ranks that currently exist, the following analogy can be drawn: a foreman is a warrior, in our time performing the duties of a sergeant, or a foreman, a pentecostal is a lieutenant, and a centurion, respectively, is a captain.

After some time, already during the reign of Peter the Great, the hierarchical system of ranks was again transformed to the following:

soldier
corporal
ensign
lieutenant, called lieutenant
captain (captain)
quartermaster
major
lieutenant colonel
Colonel

The year 1654 became outstanding in the history of the formation of military ranks in Russia. It was then that for the first time in the history of Russia the rank of general was awarded. Its first owner was Alexander Ulyanovich Leslie, the leader of the operation to capture and liberate Smolensk.

Categories of military ranks in the Russian Army

One of the largest political events of the 20th century that occurred in Russia, namely the October Revolution of 1917, became the last stage towards the formation of an established system of military ranks, which has not undergone any changes for a whole century.

Military ranks

Private. One of the first, considered the lowest military rank of the Russian Armed Forces.
Corporal. A rank that is awarded to military personnel who are part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation for any military distinction.

Major.
Lieutenant colonel.
Colonel.

Ship ranks

Ship ranks can simply be listed by seniority (lowest to highest) due to their full correspondence with the land equivalent:

Sailor, senior sailor.
Foreman 2 (second) article, foreman 1 (first) article, chief foreman, chief ship's foreman - representatives of a group of military personnel classified as sergeants and foremen.
Midshipman, senior midshipman - military personnel of the group of warrant officers and midshipmen.
Junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant - a group of military personnel representing junior officers.
Captain 3 (third) rank, captain 2 (second) rank, captain 1 (first) rank - representatives of senior officers.
Rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, and fleet admiral are representatives of senior officers, respectively.

As with military ranks, the highest military rank for the navy is Marshal of the Russian Federation.

What is very noteworthy is that naval and military military ranks are also assigned to the following formations: the security forces of the Russian Federation - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc., as well as water border formations that ensure security near coastal borders.

Colors and types of shoulder straps

Now let's turn to the shoulder straps. With them, unlike ranks, things are somewhat more complicated.

Shoulder straps are usually distinguished according to the following series of criteria:

the color of the shoulder strap itself (different depending on the military structure);
the order of arrangement of distinctive signs on shoulder straps (also depending on a particular military structure);
the color of the decals themselves on the shoulder straps (similar to the points above).

There is another important criterion - the form of clothing. Accordingly, the army does not have the widest selection of clothing, which is allowed according to the regulations. More precisely, there are only three of them: everyday uniform, field uniform and dress uniform.

Shoulder straps of non-officers

Let's start with a description of the everyday uniform and the shoulder straps that come with it:

The everyday uniform of non-officers includes shoulder straps with two narrow stripes along the edges of the longitudinal part. Such shoulder straps can be seen on the shoulders of privates, non-commissioned officers, and warrant officers. All these images are presented above in the sections of military and ship ranks.

Officer's shoulder straps

Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of officers are divided into three more subtypes:

Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of junior officers: have only one stripe running down the center along the shoulder strap itself.
Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they have two longitudinal stripes, also located in the center.
Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they differ sharply from each of the previous types in that they have a special fabric relief over the entire area of the shoulder strap. The edges are framed by one narrow strip. A distinctive sign is also the stars that follow strictly in one row.
It is impossible not to include in a separate group the Marshal of the Russian Federation and the type of shoulder straps corresponding to his everyday uniform: they also have a special fabric relief, which was mentioned in the paragraph above, but are fundamentally different in color. If the shoulder straps in each of the previous paragraphs were a rectangle of dark green color, then these same ones are distinguished by their immediately striking golden color, which is quite consistent with the high-profile title of their wearer.

An interesting fact is that on February 22, 2013, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that on the shoulder straps of army generals and admirals of the Russian Navy there will be one star with a diameter of 40 mm instead of 4 stars in one line as before. The corresponding image is presented above.

Non-officer field uniform: shoulder straps are a regular rectangle, camouflaged as a summer taiga with a transverse (or longitudinal) stripe.
Field uniform for junior officers: stars of relatively small size serve as a distinctive sign.
Field uniform of senior officers: major, lieutenant colonel have one and two large stars on their shoulder straps, respectively, colonel - three.
Field uniform of senior officers: all persons holding ranks in accordance with the previously announced composition have absolutely the same structure (dark green stars, strictly in a row), but shoulder straps different in the number of distinctive insignia. Just like in everyday uniforms, the General of the Army and the Marshal of the Russian Federation are distinguished by large stars

These features can be seen in more detail in the picture:

It was not long before military clothing became comfortable and practical. Initially, her beauty was valued more than the qualities mentioned a little earlier. Fortunately, under Alexander III (the third), it was realized that rich uniforms were too expensive. It was then that practicality and convenience began to be considered the primary value.

In certain periods of time, the soldier's uniform resembled ordinary peasant attire. Even in the conditions of the already existing Red Army, little attention was paid to the fact that there was no uniform military uniform. The only distinctive sign of all soldiers was a red bandage on their sleeves and hats.

Even shoulder straps managed to be replaced for some time with ordinary triangles and squares, and only in 1943 were they returned as distinctive signs.

By the way, to this day, military personnel of the Russian Federation wear a uniform that was designed by the well-known fashion designer V. Yudashkin in 2010.

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