When is a an some used in English?
- Using Some. Some is translated as several, a little, some. The pronoun some is used: with uncountable (which cannot be counted) English nouns in the meaning a little There is some pure water in the bottle. There is some clean water in the bottle. with countable (which can be counted) plural nouns meaning several or some Some students prepared interesting reports. Several students (some students) prepared interesting reports. with countable English nouns in the singular meaning Some girl has just called you. Some girl just called you. Some and its derivatives (see table below) are most often used in affirmative sentences. However, they can also be used in interrogative structures: to express a request or offer Would you like something to drink? Will you drink? Can I have some warm milk? -Can I have some warm milk? when we assume an affirmative answer to our question. Are you doing something at the moment? Are you busy with something right now? Some can be used with the preposition of to mean some of. But after the preposition, the noun must be preceded by either a definite article, or a demonstrative or possessive pronoun. Some of my relatives live in Brest. Some of my relatives live in Brest. Some of the girls were not properly dressed. Some of the girls were not dressed very well. Let's summarize what has been said with a table: The use of the pronoun Any Any and its derivatives are used mainly in negative and interrogative sentences: Im glad that you havent any problems with your studies. I'm glad you don't have any problems with your studies. Has anybody called me? Did anyone call me? Any and its derivatives can also be used in affirmative constructions in the following situations: in the meaning of any, any, anything, anywhere, etc. Anyone can tell you her name. Anyone can tell you her name. You may use anything you need. You can use whatever you need. in subordinate clauses after if. I wonder if they found anybody there. I wonder if they found anyone there. Let me know if you have any trouble. If there are any problems, let me know. after the following words that have a negative meaning: Hardly hardly, almost not Scarcely hardly, almost never Never never Without, without doing anything Seldom rarely Rarely occasionally little, few - little to refuse refuse Sally rarely talks to anyone. Sally rarely talks to anyone. Fred could hardly see anything in that dark room. Any can be used with the preposition of to mean any: You can catch any of these trams. They all go to Lake Komsomol You can take any of these trams. They all go to Komsomolskoye Lake. However, the complex pronouns anyone, anything, anybody are not used with the preposition of. You cannot say: Anyone of these managers can be appointed director. Any of these managers may be appointed as a director. You can: Any of these managers can be appointed director. After complex pronouns and adverbs, the adverb else can be used to mean more, except. anybody / anyone else anyone else anything else something else anywhere else somewhere else Have you got anything else to tell me? Is there anything else you want to tell me? The indefinite pronouns anybody, anyone CAN take a possessive ending. I dont want to get anyones help. I don't want to accept anyone's help. If the pronoun is used in combination with the adverb else, the possessive case takes on the given adverb. Did you notice anybody elses tracks there? Have you noticed anyone else's words there?
- "a" is written before consonants
"any" is written in interrogatives and countables
"some" is written in the affirmative and in the uncountable -
- much - many - a few - a little. Expressions of quantity. Learning English
An expression of quantity tells the amount of something.
much or many? few or little?
"much" - not countable
"How much...?" With uncountable nouns in negative and questions.
How much homework do we get?
How much money do I need?
How much milk do you want?
Is there much sugar in my tea?"many" - countable nouns
With countable nouns in negative and questions.
How many sisters does he have?
How many pupils are in this class?
How many books do you buy?
How many cows live on this farm?"a few..." countable nouns
Use "(A) few ..." with countable nouns.
There are just a few examples.
I meet a few friends
I see a few hundred pupils.
Ive got few brothers."a little..." uncountable
Use "a little" with uncountable nouns.
There is little tea left.
Not a lot, only a little, please.
Ive got little money.Countable nouns and uncountable nouns
a lot of / lots of Use an exact quantity or a lot of / lots of
There are 10 pupils.
There are a lot of cookies
They have got a lot of CDs.
There are a lot of things on your table.
We have got lots of money - To the unyielding - a
To the uncountable - some
The rest an - The articles "a" and "an" are placed before nouns. countable units numbers. "a" - if noun. after it begins with a consonant sound. "an" - if noun. begins with a vowel sound.
Some - adjective or adverb, means “several” (adverb), as with calculus. so with uncountable It can also mean “some” (adjective). Look up some in the dictionary, they will tell you better about this word. - a- nouns singular number an nouns unit number starting with a and e
some - adjective means some.
The meaning of indefinite pronouns and their translation into Russian depends on the sentence in which they are used: affirmative, interrogative or negative.
1. a) Some several, some used in affirmative sentences, for example:
b) When the adjective pronoun some (with the meaning some amount) stands before an uncountable noun, replacing the article; it is not translated into Russian.
Some before a numeral matters approximately, about.
Some is sometimes used before singular countable nouns with the meaning some.
c) The noun pronoun some translates some of with the subsequent definition introduced by the preposition of.
2. Any is used:
a) In affirmative sentences with the meaning everyone, any before countable nouns in the singular. For example:
b) In conditional sentences with some meaning.
For example:
c) In negative sentences with the meaning none.
For example:
d) With uncountable nouns or when you need to replace them. In this case, the word any is usually not translated into Russian. For example: Any of translates any of.
For example:
With a noun, only the pronoun no (and not not any) is used as the subject, which is translated into Russian
none, none.
None is used instead of an already mentioned noun.
None as a pronoun-noun with a definition introduced by the preposition of, translates none from:
Derived words from the indefinite pronouns some, any and the negative pronoun no The pronouns some, any, no, as well as the pronoun avery everyone occur with the words thing thing, body person, one someone, were where, where. With negative pronouns and adverbs, there can be two options for constructing an English sentence. For example:
| no, nothing, nobody, no one, none, nowhere | the verb is put in the affirmative form, since there should not be two negatives in the sentence. For example: | Table of derivative words from some, any, no, every Pronouns |
+thing | +body |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| +one +where some kind |
any any something |
something anything anything someone anyone |
anybody anyone somewhere somewhere |
anywhere |
| everywhere | everywhere in an affirmative sentence |
not... anything = nothing nothing Nothing |
not... anybody = nobody no one |
not... anywhere = nowhere |
| nowhere nowhere |
in a negative sentence any? any? |
anything? something? anything? |
anybody? somebody? anyone? anywhere? somewhere? |
somewhere? |
| somewhere? somewhere? |
in an interrogative sentence | every every |
every = thing somewhere |
everybody |
Notes: 1. In negative sentences, only nobody, no one, and nothing are used as subjects.
2. After the pronouns nobody, nothing, anybody (in an affirmative sentence), anything, no one, somebody, something, everything, everybody The verb is in the 3rd person singular.
| Everything is ready. | All is ready. |
| Anybody knows this. | Everyone knows this. |
3. The English word every as an adjective in English-Russian dictionaries is translated by the Russian word every. Derivatives of the words everybody, everyone are also given in the meanings everyone, everyone (person).
In order to comply with the stylistic norms of Russian speech, combinations of the word every with a noun (every effort, every action) can often be translated into the Russian word all (all efforts).
In this case, the predicate of the English sentence, expressed in the personal form of the verb in the singular, is conveyed by the Russian verb in the plural:
| Every action was aimed at… | All actions were directed on the… |
| His work was useful for everyone. | His work was beneficial to everyone. |
A pronoun is a part of a construction that indicates speech to an object or its affiliation and quality, but does not name it. Some pronouns are used frequently, while others are used rarely. In this topic we will study the most complex and frequently used pronouns some any, the rules of use in various sentence structures and the main word forms.
This topic is easy to understand if you learn everything in a certain sequence, in which we tried to present our explanation. We hope that after our lesson this topic will become clear to adults and children. The first place to start is the group to which these pronouns belong.
Some and Any are indefinite pronouns because their derivatives do not express anything specific. In other words, this can be translated into Russian as “someone”, “nothing”, “some” and the like.
Before talking about the use of word forms that are formed from these pronouns, the first step is to learn the stem.
The pronouns some any can play the role of adjectives and nouns in construction. In the first case, they go in conjunction with the same noun, and in the second, they are used separately. Indefinite pronouns have different meanings, which we will talk about a little later. Any is used in interrogative, negative and conditional constructions. Some is used in affirmative constructions.
Examples:
I have some cups. Do you need? - I have several cups. You need? (Affirmative, like an adjective).
He asked if I had any interesting DVD disks. - He asked if I had any interesting CDs. (Conventional, like an adjective).
The buyers want to get some models of our dresses, we send them some. - Buyers want to see several models of our dresses. We sent them a few. (Affirmative, like a noun).
I didn't buy matches. Have you got any? - I didn’t buy matches. Do you have several? (Interrogative as a noun).
Below is a table that outlines the main meanings of these indefinite pronouns.
Some any rules of use in the table:
| Prules for using some | Rules for using any |
| Meaning: several, some, any, before countables (a lot of) | |
| in affirmative sentences | in negative, interrogative, conditional sentences |
| He gave me some cigarettes. - He gave me some cigarettes. | She didn't make any mistakes. - She didn't make any mistakes. |
| Some trees were planted yesterday. - Several trees were planted yesterday. | |
| Some people like tea, some don’t like tea. - Some people like tea, some don't. | |
| Meaning: a certain amount (much a), a little, some (usually not translated into Russian) | |
| in affirmative sentences before uncountable (a lot of) nouns | in negative, interrogative, conditional sentences before uncountable nouns |
| Give me some salt, please. - Give me salt, please. | I don't have any ink. - I don't have ink. |
| I need some milk from you. Please give me some. - I need milk. Give me please. | There is no water in my glass. Have you got any? - There is no milk in my glass. Do you have? |
| Meaning: some | |
| in special questions, in general questions, if a request is made, something is offered | |
| Why didn’t you buy some bread? - Why didn’t you buy bread? | |
| Can I take some warm water? - Can I take some warm water? | |
| Will you have some coffee? - Will you have coffee? | |
| Meaning: some of - part | |
| before uncountable (a lot of) nouns | |
| Some of the crop was damaged by rain. - Part of the crop (meaning from this place) was damaged by rain. | |
| Meaning: anyone, everyone | |
| in affirmative and interrogative sentences with units countable. number and uncountable (a lot of) | |
| I may go out at any time that is convenient to me. - I can leave at any time convenient for me. | |
Thus, we got acquainted with the main cases of using the basics. The main thing to remember is that any is used in interrogative and negative constructions, and some in affirmative ones. In order not to be confused about the meaning, pay attention to the meaning of the construction.
Using any with no and none
Using any with no is easier to learn. It is used in both the plural and singular as an adjective before a noun. If the construction contains no, no further negation is required. Without a noun no is not used, none is used instead. Also, after no, an article is not required before the noun. In addition, this part of the construction is used before the subject to enhance the meaning of the statement - none, none.
Examples:
No girl has been there yet. - No girl has ever been here before.
I have no bag (= I haven’t a bag). - I don't have a bag.
Is there a theater in your town? - No, there is none.
- There is a theater in your city. - No.
We had no time. - We didn't have time.
Examples:
Note the difference between not and no. We use not for a verb, and no before a noun.. = There is no information in the file There is not any information in the file
. – There is no information in the file.. = There are no pupils in the classroom There are not any pupils in the classroom
. - There are no students in the class. I have no telephone at home. = I have not got a telephone at home
. – I don’t have a phone at home.
You can use any option that you like best. But you should not mix them, since in a correctly composed British construction there is only one negative.
This concludes the study of the basic rules for using some, any and no. It's time to move on to their word forms.
Indefinite pronouns and body
Somebody, anybody, nobody/ anyone, someone, no one - all these words are used as nouns and are translated into Russian as no one, someone, no one, anyone. Simply put, they replace animate nouns.
Examples:
Anybody in sentences expressing negation is translated - no one, no one. Nobody has two negatives in Russian.
Nobody called him yesterday. - Nobody called him yesterday.
Is anybody at home? - There isn’t anybody at home. - Is anybody home? - Nobody is at home.
Somebody is waiting for you. - Someone is waiting for you.
Anything, something, nothing, as in the previous case, act as a noun, however, these words are applicable only to inanimate objects. In translation into Russian it means something, something. Anything in negative constructions is translated as nothing, and sentences with nothing in Russian have two negatives.
Examples:
Nothing was done. - Nothing was done.
Is there anything in the envelope? - Is there anything in the envelope?
Something has fallen. - Something fell.
Indefinite pronouns and where
This is how adverbs are formed. They are translated into Russian as nowhere, somewhere, nowhere, somewhere. Their use corresponds to the use of basic forms.
Examples:
Where did you go? - Nowhere. - Where did you go. Nowhere.
Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with my boss. - Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with the boss.
Is she going anywhere? - Is she going somewhere?
Indefinite pronouns and of
When we use the pronouns in question with of, we are talking about some part of the whole. However, nobody, no one, anybody, anyone are not used with of. In the first two cases they are replaced with none, and in the second - any of in the meaning of any of. Instead of somebody, one of is used.
Examples:
None of them came to me after the accident. - None of them came to me after the accident.
One of you should tell the truth. - One of you must tell the truth.
Any of us can go there. - Any of us can go there.
Some of my friends speak English. - Some of my friends speak English.
Small tricks to help you learn English
In some cases with nobody, anybody, somebody, someone the possessive case is used. For example, somebody's hat - someone's hat.
Standing in first place and fulfilling the role of the subject, these parts of the construction (nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something) require the use of a 3rd person singular verb after themselves.
After nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, something, else is also often used. For example, anything else - anything else?
The use of several more definite pronouns much and many
We will briefly touch on the section – use in the construction much and many . They are translated as “many” and indicate a large amount of something.
Much is used with nouns that we cannot count:
Many is used with countable nouns.
Many cookies, many cats, many men.
This is the difference between much and many in the rules of use.
This concludes the analysis of the topic. As you can see, with the right approach, this topic will be understandable even for a child. Learn and practice making some any constructions with pronouns in English.
The indefinite pronouns some and any in English are used when we talk about a small number of objects or substances.
Some(local some, some, some, a little) and some kind(places: any, any, anyone, anything) are combined with all nouns, both singular and plural. As a rule, they play the role of a definition of a noun. The article is not used in this case.
Most often, some is used in affirmative sentences, and any - in negative and interrogative sentences.
Let's take a closer look at the use of some and any in the table below:
| SOME | ANY |
|---|---|
| In affirmative sentences: He asked me some questions. He asked me several questions. Some of the students have already passed the exam. Some students have already passed the exam. |
In affirmative sentences meaning “any”: You can get this book at any shop. You can buy this book in any store. |
| In general questions, when we are sure the answer is “yes”: You are crying. Have you got something in your eye? You are crying. Did something get in your eye? In general questions, when it is more of a request or a suggestion: Will you have some tea? Will you have (some amount) tea? Can I have some coffee? Can I have (some) coffee? |
In general questions: Have you bought any sugar? Have you bought (any) sugar? |
| For special questions: Where can I buy some flowers? Where can I buy flowers? |
|
| In conditional sentences: If there are any British magazines in the shop, tell me at once. If there are any British magazines in the store, tell me immediately. |
|
| In the meaning of “approximately” before numerals: There were some 30 people in the room. There were approximately 30 people in the room. |
|
| In negative (as well as conditional negative) sentences in the meaning “some”, “not all”: I haven’t found some books for the seminar. I need them badly. I didn't find some books for the seminar. I really need them. If I don't find some magazines she will get angry with me. If I don't find some magazines, she'll get mad at me. |
In negative sentences with the words “not” and “never”: I haven’t any books on art. I don't have any books on art. I have never seen anything of this kind. I've never seen anything like it. |
| In negative sentences, neither some nor any are placed after “no”: I have no books of this kind at home. I don't have books like this at home. To express negation without the particle “not”, the words “nobody” and “nothing” are used: Nobody is here. Nobody's here. |
|
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
In English, some, any and no are classified as indefinite pronouns. Below we will discuss the rules for using some, any and no, as well as their derivatives.
Rules for using some
1. Using some with uncountable nouns to mean “a little”:
There is some tea in the cup. — There is some tea in the cup.
Uncountable nouns in the English language, as a rule, include categories of nouns such as real, abstract, that is, something that cannot be counted.
2. Some is also used with countable nouns in the plural meaning “several”, “some”:
Some pupils brought interesting books. – Several students / some students brought interesting books.
3. Another case of using the indefinite pronoun some is with countable nouns in the singular, and the meaning will be “some”: Some guy called and wanted to talk with you. - Some guy called and wanted to talk to you.
As a rule, some and its derivatives are used in affirmative sentences, but also There are cases when the pronoun some is used in interrogative sentences.
1. When we want to ask for something or vice versa, offer something:
Would you like some soup? – Would you like some soup?
Can I have some cold milk, please? – Can I have some cold milk, please?
2. When we ask a question the answer to which is expected to be yes:
What a smell! Are you cooking something tasty? - What a smell! Are you cooking something delicious?
There is another rule for using some in English. The pronoun some can be used with the preposition of to mean “some of.” In this case, the noun must be preceded by either a definite article or a demonstrative or possessive pronoun.
Some of my friends are going to Moscow this week. – Some of my friends are going to Moscow this week.
Some of the houses were destroyed during the fire. – Some of the houses were destroyed during the fire.
Rule for using the pronoun any
The pronoun any and all its derivatives are usually used in negative and interrogative sentences:
I don't have any problems at school. -I have no problems at school.
Do you have any news? - Any news?
There are also rules for cases when any is used in affirmative sentences:
1. When we mean “any”, “everyone”, “anything”, “anywhere”, “however”: Anyone can do this. - Anyone can do it.
2. In subordinate clauses after “if”: If you have any questions let me know. – If you have any questions, let me know.
3. If the sentence already contains the following adverbs and a preposition with a negative meaning:
- Hardly
- Scarcely
- Never
- Without
- Seldom
- Rarely
I rarely go anywhere at night. – I very rarely go out anywhere at night.
Without any doubt, he is a good person. - Without a doubt, he is a good person.
He never stays alone at home. - He never stays at home alone.
If the pronoun any is used with the preposition of, then the construction will be translated into Russian as “any”:
You can take any of these books they are all very interesting. – You can take any of these books, they are all very interesting.
But it is worth remembering the rule with any, that derivatives of the pronoun, such as anyone, anybody, anywhere, cannot be used with the preposition of.
After derived pronouns, you can use the adverb else to mean “yet”, “except”.
Are you going to tell me anything else? – Do you want to tell me something else?
Does anyone need extra paper? – Anyone else need paper?
Rules for using some, any and articles a/an
There are times when one might consider choosing between some, the indefinite article “a,” and the zero article. This case concerns uncountable nouns.
- Could you give me some water, please?
- Could you give me a water, please?
- Could you give me water, please?
All three sentences translate to “Could you give me some water please?” The difference is that in the first sentence we seem to be asking for a small amount of liquid, in the second, using the article “a”, we mean that we need one glass or cup of water, roughly speaking, one “portion”, and in In the third option, we mean that water is important to us, and not something else, no matter in what quantity.
Rule for using the pronoun no
The pronoun no is used both before countable and uncountable nouns. The sentence itself, which contains the pronoun no, acquires a negative meaning. It is worth noting that the verb in a sentence with no will always be in the positive form, since there is no double negative in English.
I have no tasks to do now. “I have nothing to do now.”
We have no juice at home. Please go to the shop. – We don’t have juice at home. Please go to the store.
Rules for the formation of derivative pronouns and adverbs from some, any, no
I have something to tell you. – I want to tell you something.
Did he see anything terrible there? – Did he see something terrible there?
I know nothing about him. – I don’t know anything about him.
Somebody/ someone has stolen my purse! - Someone stole my wallet!
Has anybody/ anyone heard something about Jack? – Has anyone heard anything about Jack?
The keys should be somewhere on the table. – Should the keys be on the table somewhere?
We can go anywhere this summer. – We can go anywhere in the summer.
He is nowhere to be found. - He's nowhere to be found.
Derived pronouns formed from some, any, no are used in a sentence without nouns, and can serve as a subject or object in a sentence. Moreover, such subjects agree with the predicate in the third person singular:
Nobody knows where to go. - Nobody knows where to go.
Something is bothering you. - Something is bothering you.
Somebody has been sleeping in my bed. - Someone slept in my bed.