The fourth task of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language tests the ability of graduates to correctly place stress in various words. For correct execution, you can receive one primary point; To do this, you need to choose a word with the wrong accent. Setting stress often causes difficulties even for adults and educated people - the orthoepic norm does not always coincide with the pronunciation variant that is familiar to us.
In order to complete this task correctly, you need to put in some effort in preparation. The rules below will help with this.
Theory for task No. 4 of the Unified State Exam in Russian
In verbs that end in “-it”, the emphasis falls on the endings –ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat):
- turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on;
- call - call, call, call, call, call;
- make it easier - make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier;
- strengthen - strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen;
- borrow - borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow;
- hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over;
- tame - tame, tame, tame, tame, tame;
- to pinch – it aches;
- tilt - tilt.
Exceptions in which the accent does not fall on the ending: vulgarize, inquire .
In feminine verbs in the past tense, the emphasis falls on the ending “a”:
- tookA (tookA), cleanedA (cleaned up), realizedA, tore off, overtookA, startedA, lied, left
Exceptions: past tense verbs with the prefix “you” - the emphasis in them goes to the prefix, as well as the following words: put, stole, sent, sent, sent .
In short feminine passive participles in the past tense, the emphasis also falls on the ending:
- occupied, created, removed, occupied
In verbs formed from adjectives, the emphasis falls on “-it”:
- light - make it easier
- deep - deepen
- complex - complicate
Exception: evil - Angry.
In active past participles that contain the suffix “-вш-”, the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; the same rule applies to gerunds:
- started, understood, completed, bored
- starting, understanding, completing, giving, arriving
Exception: exhausted.
In the following words, the emphasis falls on the prefix:
- bent, curved, bent
The accent does not fall on the root “-bal-”, therefore:
- spoiled, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered
IN In past participles formed with the suffix “-yonn-”, the emphasis falls on this suffix in the short form of the masculine gender, and in the short form of the feminine and neuter gender it goes to the ending:
- disabled – disabled – disabled – disabled
- repeated - repeated - repeated - repeated
- tamed – tamed – tamed – tamed
- populated – populated – populated – populated
- enabled – enabled – enabled – enabled
In nouns of foreign (mostly French) origin, the stress falls on the last syllable:
- blinds, parterre, bureau, jury, heretic, dispensary, quarter, obituary
Verbal nouns usually have the same stress as the original verb:
- provide - provision
- BUT conducts gas - gas pipeline
However: ease - relief .
In the following words, the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
- AIRPORT – airports
- scarf - scarves
- Cake – Cakes
- CRANE - taps
- bAnt – bAnty
The emphasis falls on the prefix “za-” in words such as:
- beforehand, after dark, before dark
It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to the word envious.
The emphasis falls on the prefix “do-” in words such as:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to words red-hot, white-hot, deep-red .
You also need to remember the stress of the following words:
- more beautiful, most beautiful, plum, kitchen
Algorithm for completing the task
- We carefully read the task.
- We mentally pronounce the words suggested in the answer options, placing emphasis on different syllables.
- Words in which the stress is placed correctly are not taken into account.
- When in doubt, we recall the rules for placing stress in words of the Russian language and the exceptions to these rules.
- Write down the correct answer.
Analysis of typical options for task No. 4 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language
The fourth task of the demo version 2018
- profited
- Boyhood
- veinAxis
- true
- took up
Execution algorithm:
- Acquired - the stress is placed correctly, in active past participles with the suffix -вш- the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; Adolescence - that's right, you need to remember; lived – that’s right, in past tense verbs the emphasis is on the ending; true – the emphasis is placed correctly, since in short adjectives the emphasis is placed on the ending.
- The last word raises doubts: taken or taken? Let us remember the rule: in 3rd person feminine verbs the emphasis falls on the ending. This means the emphasis is incorrect.
Answer: I did.
First version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- overtookA
- busy
- self-interest
- will make it easier
- joined
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- According to the rule about feminine past tense verbs, the emphasis in the first two words is correct; the same applies to option number 5. The emphasis in the word “self-interest” is also correct, you just need to remember it.
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- Option 4 is wrong; This is confirmed by the rule about verbs with the ending of the infinitive in “-it-” - the correct stress in this word is on the letter “and”. So, the answer is it will make it easier.
Answer: it will make it easier.
Second version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- illness
- encouraged
- fruit
- beet
- poured
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- The emphasis in word number 2 is placed correctly, according to the rule about short past participles formed from words with the suffix “yonn”: encouraged - encouragedA. In word number 5, everything is also correct: it is a feminine passive participle of the past tense, the emphasis in which falls on the ending. In word number 4 there is no error in stress: in words with the letter E the stress often falls on it. Then, in the word “fruit” the emphasis falls on “and”, you just need to remember
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- The word illness raises doubts. You need to remember that the emphasis in it falls on the letter U. Therefore, this will be the correct answer.
Answer: illness.
Third version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- cakes
- put
- document
- tamed
- you'll find out
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- Positive - the emphasis is correct, in verbs on -it the emphasis falls on I, document - the word needs to be remembered, tamed - in the past participles with the suffix -yonn- the emphasis falls on this suffix, you will know - the word needs to be remembered.
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- Cakes raise doubts. In fact, the correct emphasis in it is Cakes. This needs to be remembered.
Answer: cakes.
It turns out that in order to confidently know the rules for setting stress in the Russian language, you need to periodically look into the spelling dictionary; We provide a dictionary that contains words used to compile versions of the Unified State Examination.
Orthoepic standards in the Unified State Exam 2018 are the correct placement of stress. This is an important task, in which, as many teachers and students believe, you can only count on luck. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to studying task 4. Of course, the orthoepy of the Russian language is very inconsistent, Russian words do not have a fixed stress in all words, but, nevertheless, there are patterns and you need to know them in order to speak correctly and pass the Unified State Exam with 100 points.
Some tricks to complete the task. Here we are looking at patterns and words that appear in the Unified State Exam and are on the official list. All patterns apply to words found in the Unified State Examination.
1) Past tense verbs often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive. But in the Unified State Exam in most cases there are verbs in which the emphasis falls on LA: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. (Example: tookA, wasA, etc.) And there are also exceptions: steal, put, send, lay send mouth sneak)
Example: put, sent, laid, sent, stole, sent. You should pay attention to the verbs ending in YOU in the past tense: poured, survived, etc.
2) Participles with Ё (included, resolved, etc.) make up a significant part of all words. Look below and you will see that there are a lot of these words in the Unified State Examination. The difficulty is that in the wording of the task the letter E is written, not E.
3) Other parts of speech with E. If a word contains E, then the emphasis will fall on E.
4) Most verbs ending in IT and IT have stress on the last syllable (ShchemIt zashchemit). In addition: the fruit will be positive, will be forced to vulgarize (will be vulgarized, will be angry, will inquire...)
5) Participles in -yav, -yv - av (raising, accepting, etc.)
6) Most verbs will have an emphasis on Irate. But there are cases where the emphasis falls on ovat
7) In borrowed words from French, German, English, the stress falls on the last syllable: jalousies partEr expert dispensary hyphen quarter
8) In short feminine adjectives, the stress falls on the last syllable: true. Dexterity, etc.
9) If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -ee: strongA - stronger, sickA - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmerA - slimmer, right - righter; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more opposite
10) In nouns ending in -log, the stress falls on the last syllable: catalog, dialogue, obituary, monologue, epilog. BUT: analog.
11) In nouns ending in -vod, the stress falls on the last syllable: oil pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline.
Orthoepic dictionary compiled by FIPI
Nouns:
AeropOrty, fixed stress on 4th syllable
Bants, fixed stress on 1st syllable
BEARD, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable
Accountant, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable
Religion, from: confess faith
Citizenship
Hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
Dispenser, the word came from English through the French language, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Agreement
Document
Leisure
Jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Significance, from adj. significant
Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.
KvartAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
Selfishness
Cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable
LECTORS, LECTORS, stress on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow(s)
Localities, R. p. pl. h., on a par with the word forms: honors, jaws... but: news
Intention
NedUg
NEWS, news, but: localities
NAIL, NAIL, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.
Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager
Briefcase
Handrails
Beet
Orphans, I. p. pl. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable
Means, I. p. pl. h.
Convening
Customs
Cakes, cakes
Chain
Scarves like bows
Driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...
Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Adjectives:
VernA, short adj. and. R.
Significant
More beautiful, adjective and adverb in comparative degree
Beautiful, superlative adjective
Kitchen
LovkA, short adjective. R.
Mosaic
Wholesale
Perspicacious, short adjective g. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative... but: gluttonous
Plum, derived from: plum
Verbs:
Take - tookA
BROTHER - took
Take - tookA
Take up - take up
Join in - joined in
Burst - burst in
Perceive - perceived
Recreate - recreated
Hand over - hand over
Drive - drove
Chase - chased
get - got it
get there - got there
Wait - waited
Get through - get through, get through
Wait - waitedA
To live - to live
ZachStrengthen
Borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed
LOCK - LOCKED
Lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
Call - called
Call - call, call, call
Put - put
Lie - lied
pour - lilA
FLOWS - FLOWS
Lie - lied
Endow - endow
Overstrained - overstrained
To be called - called
To tilt - to tilt
Pour - poured
Narvat - narwhala
Start - started, started, started
Call - call
make it easier - make it easier
Wet yourself - wet yourself
Hug - hugged
Overtake - overtaken
RIP - RIP
encourage
Cheer up - take heart
escalate
Borrow - lend
AngryBeat
Paste
surround - surround
Sealed, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...
Get to know - get to know
Depart - departed
Give - gave
Open - unlocked
revoke - revoked
respond - responded
pour - poured
Fruit
Repeat - repeat
Call - called
Call - call You will call
Water - watered
Put - put
Understand - got it
Send - sent
Arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived
accept - accepted - accepted
Tear - tore
Drill - drill - drill
Remove - removedA
Create - created
Tear off - ripped off
remove - removed
DEEPEN
Strengthen - strengthen
scoop
It pinches - it pinches
Click
Participles:
Delivered
Folded
Busy - busy
LOCKED - LOCKED
Populated - populated
Endowed
Acquired
NalitA
Started
STARTED
Reduced - brought down
Encouraged - encouraged - encouraged
Exacerbated
Disabled
Repeated
Divided
UNDERSTAND
Accepted
Tamed
lived
Removed - removed
Bent
STARTED
Starting
OtdAv
Raised
MonYav
Arrived
Adverbs:
During
DobelA
TO THE TOP
Don't
DONIZU
TO DRY
AT DARK
More beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparison Art.
Top
For a long time
NenOld
To prepare for the exam, we recommend classes with online tutors at home! All the benefits are obvious! Trial lesson for free!
We wish you success in passing the exam!
A.P. Chekhov once famously said: “In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking poorly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write.” And one cannot but agree with this. A person learns to speak from the first days of his life: first, he isolates his name from the general cacophony of surrounding sounds, then the words that are pronounced most often. Later, the child begins to reproduce words, repeating them exactly as he hears from loved ones.
But, unfortunately, not everything we learn from others corresponds to the norms of our native language! Science is here to help you understand the rules of pronunciation orthoepy(Greek orthos- “correct” and epos- “word”), one of the sections of which is the study of stress placement in Russian speech.
Words with accents to remember
Take a look at the spelling dictionary and you will be surprised to discover how many mistakes we all make in our everyday speech! Here and there we hear every day the ugly: “p ABOUT got it", "looked up I la", "sn I la."
Cake A x or t ABOUT mouths But, you just have to remember one simple rule: In feminine verbs in the past tense, the ending –a becomes stressed. Remember and enjoy the correct pronunciation of words such as: got it A, stripped off A, took A, lied A, lied A, waited A, drove A, perceived A, called A .
There are not many exceptions to remember: Art. A la, sl A la, cr A la, cl A la and all words with the prefix You-(you drink - in Y saw, in Y no - in Y zero).
Another pitfall was the use of plural nouns. Here the error awaits us even at the stage of formation of the plural. For some reason, many people turn the word “Dogov” ABOUT p" to "agreement A", and "professor" and "doctor" turn into monstrous "professor A" and "doctor A" In fact, everything " easier than steamed turnips»:
- Most masculine nouns take the ending -ы in the plural.
- The ending -ы is always unstressed!
Do you remember? Now you shouldn't have any problems with words like: aerop ABOUT rt – aerop ABOUT mouths, prof E quarrel - prof E quarrels, d ABOUT ctor - d ABOUT ctors, bow – b A nts, scarf - sh A rf, dogov ABOUT r – dogov ABOUT ry, elevator – l AND ft, cake – t ABOUT mouths, buhg A lter – buhg A lters
We are all proud that the Russian language is rightfully considered one of the richest languages in the world. But the penetration of foreign words into speech is an inevitable and completely natural phenomenon. Few people know that in the true Russian language there are no words beginning with the letter “ A «.
Most words starting with the first letter of the alphabet AND that one is of Greek origin, and some came to us from Turkic (for example: watermelon, arshin, argamak). The fashion for using French among representatives of the upper classes, which began during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and ended during the Napoleonic Wars, has enriched our speech with a huge number of Gallicisms.
The current generation is observing how the Russian language is actively enriched with words of English origin. Alien words that have settled in our dictionaries, for the most part, retain stress in their usual place.
Thus, French borrowings are characterized by stress falling on the last syllable, while Latin ones - on the penultimate one. It is best to check the correctness of stress in words of foreign origin in dictionaries, but those words that have become firmly established in our everyday life must be remembered: alphabet AND t, apostrophe ABOUT f, def AND s, blinds AND , rolled ABOUT g, necrol ABOUT g, quart A l, desk E r, esp E rt, fet AND w, f ABOUT rzats, fax AND mile.
You should also remember the norms for placing stress in the following adjectives: to U honny, sl AND vovy, gr U sewn, stolen AND English, Mosa AND private, wholesale ABOUT how long ago AND shny.
The most popular words with accents at the Olympiads
Learning how to place accents correctly can be a fun activity. Often, just knowing the rules of the Russian language is not enough. Many accents need only be remembered by referring to special spelling dictionaries.
When preparing high school students to take the Unified State Exam, up to 500 of the most common word forms are usually offered for study, which can cause difficulties with the correct placement of stress, but their number is not limited to this. Studying stress norms is a labor-intensive process, but the result can exceed all expectations: our speech will not be full of illiterate “voices.” I la", "pr ABOUT cents", "contract A“, which means we will not be ashamed in front of the classics of Russian literature.
The greatest worry among school graduates is exams in the form of the Unified State Exam. Indeed, depending on what the results are, admission to the desired university may depend. And what is even more important for many parents of eleventh graders is the opportunity to educate their children on a budget, and not on a commercial basis. One of the mandatory exams is the Russian language, preparation for which can provide a “safety cushion” for the final score of all exams taken together. What can help you successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian? Spelling dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2019. To facilitate preparation for this topic, FIPI posted it on its official website.
What is orthoepy?
Orthoepy is a branch of the science of language that studies, in particular, the placement of stress.
The French do not need to bother in this regard, since in their language everything is extremely simple - the stress is constant, on the last syllable. But in Russian the stress is movable. It can fall on different parts of a word:
- to the console (nowhere);
- root(garbagepipe);
- suffix (pamper);
- ending (removed A).
In addition, different parts of a word of the same part of speech and in the same form can be in a strong position. For example: in feminine singular verbs, as a rule, the emphasis falls on the ending (sleptA, tookA, tookA). But in the words klAl, krAl, sentA the emphasis “runs away” from the ending to the root.
What is the difficulty of the spelling task?
Often from students when studying the topic “Orthoepy” you can hear the following phrases: “Well, why is this correct? After all, everyone speaks differently!”
The difficulty of understanding the rules for placing stress is that children constantly hear incorrectly sounding words from the people around them. Remember, how often do you hear, for example, “meatballs”, “on Wednesdays”, “cakes” or “witches”? But this is the literary pronunciation norm.
Therefore, you need to take this seriously and learn the words out loud with the correct stress.
Task No. 4 for the Unified State Exam in Russian
It is under this number that the graduate will find the assignment for the accentological norm.
Its wording in the 2019 control and measurement materials is as follows.
One of the words below contains a spelling error.
stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound is highlighted incorrectly.
Write this word down.
- disabled
- Boyhood
- chauffeur
- Wholesale
- news
Correct answer: wholesale.
Some rules of orthoepy
To facilitate preparation for task No. 4 on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, graduates need to learn some rules of orthoepy.
| Orthoepy rule | Examples |
| Many feminine singular past tense verbs have a stressed ending. | lied, started, locked Exceptions: laid, stole, sent |
| Some short adjectives and feminine participles also place emphasis on the ending | Slim, right, locked, started |
| In a group of words with the root -vod- the stress falls on this root | water pipeline, garbage pipeline, gas pipeline. But the electrical wire |
| In words with the same root -bal- the stress does not fall on this root | pamper, spoiled, pampered The exception is the word darling |
| In these verbs, the stress should be on the ending. | turn on, turn on, turn on |
| In words ending in -log, the stress usually falls on the last syllable: | dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary |
| In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable: | kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter |
| In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases: | AIRPORT – airports bow – bows – with bows accountant – accountant X - with X - X - X CRANE - taps Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers cake – with cake – cakes – cakes scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves |
| Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are derived: | plum – plum kitchen – kitchen sorrel – sorrel |
| In verbs ending in -ITE, during conjugation, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ИШ, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT: | turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed. |
| Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern: | call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch. |
| In the following verbs ending in -IT, the stress does NOT fall on the ending: | to vulgarize - to vulgarize inquire - inquire |
| In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress most often falls on -IT: BUT: the verb to embitter, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule. |
fast - speed up, sharp - aggravate, light - lighten, vigorous - encourage, deep - deepen |
| In reflexive verbs, the stress in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs): | begin – began, began, began, began accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted Axis, accepted |
| Participles often have stress on the same syllable as the infinitive of the verb from which they are derived: | set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created |
| In gerunds with the suffix -ВШ-, -ВШИ- the stress falls on the vowel letter that comes before these suffixes in the word:. | having begun, having given, having raised, having arrived, having begun |
| The emphasis falls on the prefix DO- in the following adverbs: | to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness. BUT: absolutely, completely impossible |
| The prefix ZA- is emphasized in the words: | beforehand, after dark, before light. BUT: to envy is enviable |
How to prepare for an orthoepy task?
To learn the correct placement of stress in words, you need to practice. How to do it:
- download an orthoepic dictionary from the FIPI website;
- Be sure to pronounce difficult words out loud;
- You can learn words alphabetically: https://studfiles.net/preview/1843174/
- or by parts of speech.
Here you can watch a video on the topic “. Task 4. Theory and practice. Accents":
For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”
Rules for placing stress in nouns.
1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.
2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.
3. In complex words with a second part -the wire with the general meaning of “a device for transporting any substance or energy,” the emphasis falls on the root -water-
:
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.
4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.
5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess - religion
provide - provision.
6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant – accountant
X - with X - X - X
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.
7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.
Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.
2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and in short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.
3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.
4. If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.
Rules for placing stress on verbs.
1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.
2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, tore, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.
3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send
accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.
4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.
5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.
6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.
7. B reflexive verbs The emphasis in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.
Rules for placing accents in participles.
1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.
2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend
the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.
3. In short passive feminine past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.
4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN-
, then in the short form it is retained only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it changes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.
5. In full forms of participles with suffix -T-
formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- In the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo – polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.
Rules for placing stress in gerunds.
1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.
2. In participles with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.
Rules for placing stress in adverbs.
1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.