When working with various texts, many people need to parse a sentence according to its composition. Carrying out such analysis usually presupposes that a person has appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services on the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After thoroughly studying the rules for analyzing different composition proposals, I decided to present all my findings in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case is called “syntactic parsing of a sentence.”

In this case, the specified syntactic parsing (at school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

• Decide which sentence you are analyzing based on the purpose of its statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating in nature);
• Indicate the emotional coloring of the sentence (is it exclamatory or non-exclamatory);
• Note the number of grammatical stems in this sentence (if the sentence is simple, then one stem, if complex, then two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Example of a simple sentence:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

Having carried out a syntactic analysis, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, and not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - union or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
• Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-conjunctive, complex, complex.

Example of a complex sentence:

“The bouquet included roses and lilies, but she liked tulips better.”

Having carried out a syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence is of a narrative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has a conjunction, and is complex. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “there were roses and lilies”, it is common, and is complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for analyzing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for syntactic text analysis, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for conducting a full syntactic parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for conducting semantic analysis online (de facto they are practically not represented), I would highlight the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its operation.

1. To work with this service, go to seosin.ru.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate window and click on “Analyze”.

Lexisrex.com

For lovers of the English language, the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities make it possible to analyze a proposal by its members. However, this site also has other auxiliary tools for carrying out various types of linguistic analysis online.

1. To use this resource, log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate window and click on the “Analyze” button.

Linguist forums

When parsing sentences online, you can turn to the help of the “human factor” and go to various linguist forums (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow you to analyze proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools online (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the necessary sentences and conduct parsing online.

In contact with

Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you the correct sequence of actions that will help you cope with this task easier.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

• narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
• incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

• exclamation points - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:

• simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complete or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

• “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

• Oral analysis: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, he moved, he didn’t, he stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition (participial phrase), a separate circumstance (adverbial phrase).
• Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit.”(L. Tolstoy);
• non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
• sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-union complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the subordinate clause refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

• sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this diagram was useful to you. And if you found it useful, don’t forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

website, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the source is required.

Instructions

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence into members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two, - with a wavy line, the complement - with a dotted line, and the adverbial - with alternating dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also necessary to indicate the connections between the members of the proposal and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS) or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each of them. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial clauses: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree or connecting) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-conjunctive). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (widespread or non-extended), by the presence of missing main members ( complete or ), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis according to the same scheme, but for each of its parts separately.

Video on the topic

Related article

The proposal scheme is not just a faculty whim. It allows you to better understand the structure of a sentence, determine its specifics, and finally parse it faster. Any diagram is, first of all, visual; You will agree that when you are dealing, for example, with Lev Nikolaevich, clarity is very necessary for understanding the proposal.

Instructions

You need to start by determining which parts of the sentence are words. First, determine the subject and predicate - the grammatical basis. This way you will already have a well-defined “stove” from which you can “dance”. Then we distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, taking into account the fact that they are all divided into a subject and a predicate group. In the first group, in the second - addition and circumstance. Please also take into account that some words are not members of the sentence (for example, conjunctions, interjections, introductory and inserted constructions), and that several words together make up one member of the sentence (adverbial and participial phrases).

Make a diagram offers, explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Video on the topic

Morphemic parsing words - parsing by composition, definition and selection of significant derivational parts of a word. Morphemic parsing precedes word formation - determining how the word appeared.

Instructions

With syntactic parsing e of a simple sentence is highlighted (subject and predicate). Then the type of sentence is determined by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring (exclamation or). After this, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by members (common or non-common), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, a simple can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

With syntactic parsing For a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (conjunctive or non-conjunctive). If the connection is conjunction, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the conjunction: compound. If the sentence is complex, then it is necessary to find out what kind of coordinating conjunction the parts of the sentence are connected with: connective, disjunctive or adversative. In a complex sentence, the main and subordinate clauses, the means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main clause, the question answered by the subordinate clause, the type are determined. If a complex sentence is non-union, then the semantic relationships between simple sentences are determined and the punctuation mark is explained. It is also necessary to draw an outline of the proposal.

Video on the topic

Tip 6: How to Define an Indefinite-Personal Sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a motive, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either a subject or a predicate.

Instructions

All verbal one-part sentences have a predicate, but no subject. Moreover, in a definite-personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action relates to a specific person: “I love books,” “Find the right solution,” “Take care of honor from a young age.”

The verb can be in the first or second person singular form or in the indicative or imperative mood. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns “I”, “we”; second person – from the pronouns “you”, “you”. The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another. Order in parsing. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences. Errors when parsing a simple sentence§4. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence.

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication, subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. Select the required phrase from the sentence. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.

It is important to follow the parsing order. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence. First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We draw a proposal diagram. First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones.

We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. By meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. I. Analyze the proposal by members. II. Divide the sentence into parts, number the parts in order. III. Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme: 1. According to the purpose of the statement: – narrative, – interrogative, – motivating.

In a simple sentence:

A direct object is an object in the accusative case without a preposition, referring to the member of the sentence expressed by a transitive verb. They mainly connect parts of a complex sentence, but can also be used in a simple sentence to connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members. If we have a sentence in front of us, then select phrases from it. Naturally, the characteristics of a phrase differ from the characteristics of a sentence, because a phrase is not an independent syntactic unit, like a sentence.

But a simple sentence has only one grammatical basis, and complex ones have more than one. Therefore, for the latter it is important to identify the nature of the syntactic connection between the parts. That is, the parsing schemes for simple and complex sentences have important differences. When starting parsing, it is important to understand what units of syntax you are parsing and what is required for this.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, and from it raise a question to the dependent one. 3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: coordination, control, adjacency. The second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis, we went with the class, common, not complicated.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

A sentence with direct speech, direct speech is in preposition in relation to the words of the author. The author's words are a simple sentence, two-part, unextended, complete, uncomplicated.

The simplest way to respond to an invalid token input string is to terminate the parsing and display an error message. However, it is often useful to find as many errors as possible in one parse attempt. When an error is encountered, the parser passes the input tokens one at a time until one of a specially defined set of synchronizing tokens is found. Sometimes, when an error is encountered, the parser may make local adjustments to the input stream so that it can continue running.

Naturally, this strategy is powerless if the actual error occurred before the point at which the parser detected the error. When such productions are triggered, an error is logged, but the parser continues to operate as normal. Word order in a sentence refers to the sequential arrangement of its members.

Changing the usual, direct order of words in a sentence leads to their semantic and emotional emphasis. Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade.

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.

The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse. Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence. At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence. Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main sentence and what it refers to.

Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples. Parsing requires knowledge and skills. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate was not specified, common, not complicated. Parsing - In computer science, parsing is the process of matching a linear sequence of lexemes (words, tokens) of a language with its formal grammar.

Syntactic parsing of a sentence is the parsing of a sentence into members and parts of speech. You can parse a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help you correctly format a written analysis of a sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral syntactic analysis.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.

3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

4. Common or not common.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask questions WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

6. Define the PREDIC. Ask questions WHAT DOES? etc. Underline the predicate and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the secondary members of the sentence. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed in. Write down phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the secondary members. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed in. Write down phrases with questions.

Sample sentence parsing

The sky was already breathing autumn, and the sun was shining less and less often.

This sentence is complicated First part:

(what?) sky - subject, expressed by a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 sk., i. P.
(what did?) breathed - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view, 2 pages, unit. h., last vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in the fall - addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., narit., inanimate., 3rd class., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by an adverb

The second part:

(what?) sunshine - subject, expressed as a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 sk., i. P.
(what did it do?) shone - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view, 1 book, unit. h., last vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by the adverb

Example of parsing a sentence

They either flew obliquely in the wind, or lay vertically on the damp grass.

This proposal is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by a plural pronoun. h., 3 l., i. P.
(what did they do?) flew - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..flying
(what did they do?) lay down - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) vertically - a circumstance of a course of action, expressed by an adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - an adverbial circumstance of place, expressed by a common noun, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, in v.p. with a pretext
grass (what kind?) raw - definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., w.r., v.p.