Lecture 75 Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Types of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Lecture outline

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses

In lectures 73 and 74 we talked about complex sentences and different types of subordinate clauses, but mostly we paid attention only to sentences with one subordinate clause. Much more often in texts there are sentences of three or more parts in which several subordinate clauses are used.

Depending on how these subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause, complex sentences (CSS) are divided into:

1) SPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses;

2) SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

3) SPP with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses;

4) NGN with various types of subordinate clauses.

Let's analyze the proposal:

We use arrows to show where exactly we are asking the question to the subordinate clause (from the end of the previous part, from the beginning or from the middle). In this sentence, we ask a question to both subordinate clauses from the end of the previous part.

Let's look at a few more sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

From this diagram it is clear that the second part breaks the first, since the question is asked from the middle of the main sentence.

I would like to draw attention to another type of complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. This case is quite complicated, so pay special attention to it.

[I thought] 1, (that later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship) 2, (if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man) 3.

Now try to draw diagrams of several sentences yourself. To do this, you need to drag various elements from the bottom field into the table.

1) She wrote to him that she decided to speed up her departure from Dresden, because her aunt’s health had completely improved.

2) Mechik could not believe that Levinson was really the way Chizh portrayed him.

3) She looked at him as one looks at a person in whom they saw something that they had long expected.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses

About homogeneous we say subordination of subordinate clauses if in a complex sentence all subordinate clauses

• refer to the same word of the main part,
• are of the same type,
• are connected by a non-union or coordinating connection.

Let's look at a few examples.

In other cases, the homogeneous nature of the subordinate clauses may not be so obvious:

[She went with him, pleased] 1, (that she pleased him) 2 and (now she can stay on the shore and take a break from the babysitting of the bored Pavlik) 2.

Between homogeneous subordinate clauses there is a connecting conjunction, but in the second subordinate clause the conjunctive means (the conjunction THAT) is omitted, but it can easily be restored:

[For the medieval reader it is primarily important] (what the work is dedicated to) and (by whom it was created).

Now try to assemble complex sentences with uniform subordination of subordinate clauses from scattered simple sentences. Pay attention to the meaning of the sentence.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

Parallel (non-uniform) subordination of subordinate clauses occurs in two cases:

• if subordinate clauses are attached to one word of the main part, but are different in semantics;
• subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Let's look at both cases with examples.

(Since we never kept birds) 1, [then I realized] 2, (that this cage belongs to the new tenant) 3.

In this sentence, the main part is the second part, both subordinate clauses depend on the same word, but at the same time they are different in meaning: part 1 is a subordinate clause of reason, and part 3 is an explanatory clause. Let us now depict this proposal schematically.

Please note that the scheme is very similar to the scheme of a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses, but the questions asked are different.

Now consider a sentence with subordinate clauses that are identical in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Both subordinate clauses in this sentence are explanatory, connected by the same conjunctions, but at the same time depend on different words.

Indicate the numbers of complex sentences with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the answer is incorrect, be sure to read the pop-up comment.

Date: 2010-05-22 10:47:52

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The section of the science of our language devoted to the structure of sentences is fraught with a lot of interesting things, and syntactic analysis can be a fascinating activity for those who are well versed in the rules of the Russian language. Today we will touch on the syntax and punctuation of a complex sentence, in particular the case when there is not one subordinate clause, but several. What types of subordination are there and why is a sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses interesting? First things first.

Complex sentence and its parts

A complex sentence (S/P) is a complex sentence in which one can distinguish the main part (it carries the main semantic load) and the subordinate part (it is dependent on the main part, you can ask a question about it). There can be two or more subordinate parts, and they can be attached to the main, main part in different ways. There are sequential, homogeneous, heterogeneous, parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. To find out the type of subordination, you need to pay attention to whether the dependent parts answer the same question or to different ones, whether they refer to the same word in the main part or to different ones. We will consider the material in more detail in the next section.

Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

So, there are four types of subordination.

• Sequential subordination - subordinate parts depend sequentially on each other, and one of them depends on the main one. I know (about what?), what to do (for what?) to get to (where?) where I need to go.
• Homogeneous - subordinate clauses answer the same question and refer to the same word. I asked (about what?) what time it was, where we were and how to get to the airport. This sentence has three subordinate (dependent) parts, all of them relate to the word “asked” and answer the question “about what?”
• Heterogeneous subordination - subordinate clauses also refer to the same word, but different questions are asked to them. I have to go to this city (why should I?) to accomplish everything I have planned, (why should I?) because there are a lot of things to do.
• Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses - dependent parts refer to different words of the main sentence and answer completely different questions. (For what?) To catch the train, I have to leave home early for the train station (which one?), which is located in another part of the city.

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

We found out what is the difference between different types of submission. By the way, in some sources, heterogeneous parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is distinguished as one type. This occurs because in both cases the questions to the dependent parts are posed differently.

If the sentence is complex with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses, then most often one dependent part is located before the main one, and the second - after.
You need to highlight the main, main part of the sentence, determine the number of subordinate clauses and ask questions about them. Only in this way will we be convinced that what we have before us is truly a parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the questions are different, and we ask them from different words, then the subordination is truly parallel. When I went outside, I suddenly remembered that a long time ago I was going to visit my friend. In this sentence from the predicate of the main part "remembered" we ask a question "When?" to the first subordinate clause, and from the complement "About" ask a question "about what?"to the second. This means that in this case a parallel method of subordination is used.

It is necessary to be able to determine the boundaries of the parts of a sentence and correctly ask questions from the main part in order not to make mistakes when placing punctuation marks. We remember that subordinate clauses are separated from the main clause by commas, which are placed before the conjunction or allied word connecting the parts of a complex sentence.

Let's sum it up

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of four types of subordination in the Russian language. To determine the type of subordination, you need to select simple sentences as part of a complex subordination, determine the main part and ask questions from it to the dependent ones. If the question is the same, then this is homogeneous subordination, if different from the same word - heterogeneous, if unequal questions from different words - parallel, and if the question can be asked only to one subordinate clause, and from it to another, and so on, then What we have before us is consistent subordination.

Be literate!

Grechishnikova Marina Anatolyevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" urban settlement Urengoy

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of subordination.

Preparation for the State Examination. Task B8.

Target – systematize students’ knowledge on the topic, improve skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the State Examination

Lesson objectives:

Educational

• improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
• introduce the work of Yuri Afanasyev.

Developmental

• develop syntactic skills;
• develop skills in working with text;
• develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 – B9).

Educational

• cultivate love for the native land, respect for the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
• to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.

Lesson equipment:

• computer;
• interactive board;
• textbook;
• notebooks;
• handouts (tests, texts).

During the classes

1. Language warm-up

1. Read the text - an excerpt from Yuri Afanasyev’s story “Two Spruce Trees” (print the texts for each student or project them onto the board).

1. Due to the storm, the tug was standing in a creek. 2. Time was rushing. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled along the canals to the village on Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week - this is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned so much about the world that the most ancient old man could not have learned. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big and hectic. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not help but believe Oksana. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? - thought Eduk. “Why not become related, be your own person in a warm, nourishing village?”

15. And then the village suddenly appeared from behind the melted cape. 16. The houses scattered along the ridge on the slope huddled together like chickens. 17. Among them, a church rose like a wood grouse, glowing reddishly with larch logs.18. And further beyond the village, spiky spruce trees stuck out like a comb. 19. The faint smell of warm bread made my head spin. 20. Eduk could distinguish this smell from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything...

1. Find dialect words in the text and replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.

Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat

Uval (in Project 16) – hill, slope

1. In paragraph 2, find comparisons. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.

16 – like chickens

17 – capercaillie (instrumental case form)

18 – comb (instrumental case form)

1. Write down the number of the sentence with the introductory word.

1. Write down the grammatical basics from sentences 7, 12, 20

7 – the world is big, hectic

12 – he couldn’t help but believe

20 – Eduk could tell the difference

1. Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “animals in the taiga” (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonym for the subordinating connection, agreement.

Communication - management; taiga animals

1. Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “restless world” (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with one synonymous with the subordinating connection, management.

Coordination; peace without peace

1. Write down the numbers of complex sentences.

6, 10, 13

1. Updating knowledge

Write sentence 10 from the text.

But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.

Construct a diagram of this sentence: [ === ], (which === ____), (where ____ ===).

Determine the type of subordination (sequential).

What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).

Give examples.

1. Consolidation

1. Determine the type of subordination. Fill out the table (Appendix 2). Comment your answer orally. Print out worksheets with example sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only column 2.

Offer	Type of subordination
The most important hero in Khanty mythology is the bear who considered the ancestor	Sequential (main → attributive clause → corollary clause)
don't lead that only scrupulous work will allow him to come out	Homogeneous (main → subordinate explanatory, subordinate explanatory)
If you contact	Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate clauses → main → subordinate clause)
will have to overcomemany obstacles,	Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause of purpose → main → clause of attribute)
Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking younglearn your native language, prefer	Sequential (main → explanatory clause → attributive clause)
the role appears in legends.	Sequential (main → explanatory clause → concession clause)
For the rights of the people who appeals to the poet who calls	Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause clause → main clause → clause clause). In this sentence, the subordinate clauses refer to different words in the main clause.
The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force	Homogeneous (main → subordinate clause, subordinate clause of the target).

1. Compress the text. From sentences 6-8 (excerpt from the story “Two Spruce Trees”), make up 1 complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

What is this method of text compression called? (Simplification is merging several sentences into one).

1. Among the sentences below, find the IPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses:

1. Without making out the road, he fled into the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Ran until exhausted. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. My heart can't stand it. 6. And he ran, ran off-road, throwing out bitterness and resentment.

Answer: 4

1. Using the text of the story “Two Spruce Trees” by Yu. Afanasyev, continue the sentences so that you get SPP with different types of subordination:

Sequential: I can’t say how old these spruce trees are..... (which grow on the banks of the Ob).

Homogeneous : What brought us closer together was loneliness or the anticipation of the morning, when the village would wake up with fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, the breath of fresh wind,…. (when the snipe sandpiper announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.

Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).

1. Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can work on the tests independently. If this is not possible, the assignments can be printed for each student).

1. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Many did not go to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Isn’t that where it came from: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - put me back in my place, give me everything. (3) They gave and kissed goodbye, and the “silent” ones were increasingly thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: the locals could not be trained into cadres. (4) In the second and third generations, children of dispossessed people were not given passports.

(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why they built the cities, or what to do with the population.”

2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.

(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically prohibited to set nets on the Ob. (2) But nets are installed every year, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove them all. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) To streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified in case of insignificant bycatch of valuable fish species, which does not in any way negatively affect the reproduction of fish stocks, and in the fall on smooth sands, when fishermen leave the latter, migrating to their winter quarters.

(6) It should be taken into account that northern fishing in the fall, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.

3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, but most importantly in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning up the living creatures, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save the young fish. (3) Anyone who took the fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen in their place of residence will more jealously monitor their area and will also provide assistance in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The discovery of cases of the latter is still insignificant.

4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who deliberately go about causing damage to nature. (5) What about the rest who love their Ob, who for one reason or another end up as violators? (6) Doesn’t the very word “poacher” offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible and only because not everything has been used in the organization of recreational fishing.

5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) In the last days of the passing leap year, the stocky log houses in the village were pressed even more tightly to the ground due to the weight of the snow on the roofs. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leans against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all faded and planted there unknown when and by whom. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year the political weather was completely different. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed in any way morally and in their actions. (5) On the pediment of the office there still hung a peeling slogan, which called on the fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percent above the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depended on this percentage.

6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) “Now there will be a buzz!” - Styopka explained to his mentor, who perceived the children’s noise with migraine pain and was impatiently waiting for her duty to end. (2) Styopka didn’t know where she came from. (3) But how could he be interested in the fact that some go to the Far North to build, others to earn northern seniority for retirement, for a coefficient. (4) But the boarding school teacher was noticeable in the village for her unsociability, did not trust the cleanliness of the frogs and malitsa, and was wary of visiting the families of tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to gather reindeer herders and fishermen to the boarding school for a parent meeting, but coming to your home - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak in their native language, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend to whom, on occasion, one should give a gift.

7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the tent, illuminated from the outside by several electric bulbs, were heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the curtain, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice water down his collar. (3) “What a joke,” Styopka gasped. (4) The owner liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.

(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was being invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that if necessary and to please the owner, the procurer was taken to the village.

8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) He had known the brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies also went through practice in a blizzard. (2) As they cut up all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) Here and there the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed at the throat, drank the blood, and threw the animal...

(4) Hunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov’s promises - if the deer were 100% safe, he would transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walked.

9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Hunzi went at the wolf unarmed, only with this shovel stick. (2) He had neither fear nor anger against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed disappeared. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved directly.

(5) Finally, Hunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan River. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two to three meters deep - you couldn’t cross that easily...

10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The deer carries the shepherd further and further. (2) It’s not scary to travel with such a deer even if you’re unarmed. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice at the deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyukh, tell us about the blue wind of kaslanya and about the deer-miniruv, the holy deer, which in its entire life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how the minyruv hung the sun on its horns and how on a quiet night the stars rang like bells in their ears on a quiet night...

Answers

1. Reflection. Summing up the lesson.

• What new did you learn in the lesson?
• How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
• What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
• What problems does Yu.N raise? Afanasyev in his works?
• What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? (Dialect words, abundance of means of expression, especially comparisons).
• Have you noticed the syntactic features of the works of Yamal writers? (Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).

1. Differentiated homework assignment (optional).

1. Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the State Examination. B8" (Performance in groups is possible).
2. Develop a reminder for memorizing theoretical material on the topic.
3. Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
4. Solve several variants of tasks B8 from the collection for preparing for the State Examination.

Bibliography

1. Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. 9th grade. 30 options for standard test tasks and preparation for completing part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraeva. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
2. Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: 9th grade / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraeva. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
3. Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for completing tasks of part B/ T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
4. Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for the State Examination 2013: educational and methodological manual / Ed. ON THE. Senina. – Rostov n/a: Legion, 2012.
5. Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the State Examination (writing a concise summary). Universal materials with methodological recommendations, solutions and answers / D.A. Khaustova. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2012.

Internet resources

1. Gubkin centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
2. Afanasyev Yu.N. Rhythms of the tundra. Once stepping on a rake. Two ate. Corporate information and library portal of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru

Annex 1.

REMINDER

TYPES OF SUBMISSION

A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationships of such subordinate clauses with each other determine the type of subordination.

1. Parallel subordination

With parallel subordination, one main element includes different types of subordinate clauses that answer different questions:

Reason, (despite what?) even if it is oppressed and neglected, ultimately always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).

2. Homogeneous submission

With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main sentence or to the entire main sentence as a whole. Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected with each other by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection:

Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness fell to the ground (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).

3. Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, the main clause is subject to a subordinate clause (clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (clause of the second degree), etc. (the parts form a chain). With this connection, each subordinate part becomes the main part in relation to the next one, but only one original main part remains: which considered the ancestor people, which is why the largest number of legends are dedicated to him.

Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping” over some stages of culture does not lead to anything good don't lead that only scrupulous Job to restore historical memory, “childhood and youth” of the people let him go out on the main road of world culture and come to a feeling of spiritual fullness of being.

If you contact to foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero of R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.

To become masters of your own destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.

Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young Khanty who don’t see the point learn your native language, prefer study English instead.

It is significant that the deer is playing less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the Nenets legends, although also appears in legends.

Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people, which appeals to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls to people's hearts and their emotions.

The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force Khanty readers look at their past, to move forward, build the future.

In this chapter:

§1. Types of subordination in NGN with several subordinate clauses

An IPP can have more than one subordinate clause. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible:

1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.

Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.

I'm afraid that Anna will be late for the exam, which is scheduled to start early in the morning.

Scheme: [...], (union What...), (conjunctive word which…).

With sequential subordination, the subordinate clause related to the main one is called a subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called a subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.

Parallel subordination

If subordinate clauses of different types belong to one main sentence, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these clauses are of different types and they answer different questions.

When the teacher came in, the kids stood up to greet her.

Scheme: (conjunctive word When…), [ … ], (union to …).

Homogeneous Subordination

If subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses answer the same question.

I suddenly felt how the tension subsided and how light my soul became.

Scheme: [...], (union How...) and (union How …).

Subordinate explanatory clauses are similar to homogeneous members of the sentence; they are connected to each other by the conjunction And. Both subordinate clauses refer to the main clause of the sentence. There is no comma between them.

It is important that with homogeneous subordination, conjunctions or allied words can be omitted, which is typical for sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Test of strength

Find out your understanding of this chapter.

Final test

1. Is it true that an IPP can have more than one subordinate clause?

2. What is subordination called when the first subordinate clause is subordinated to the main clause, the second to the first, etc.?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

3. What is subordination called when subordinate clauses of different types are attached to one main clause?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

4. What is subordination called when subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

5. When the performance ended, the children clapped so that the artists felt their gratitude.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

6. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that in the next episode the hero will save the girl he is in love with.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

7. What is subordination in a sentence: I heard the door slam and people talking in the hallway.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

8. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that my brother will be happy with my gift and that I made a very good choice.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination