The writing of these prefixes follows a general rule; both prefixes occur under stress: cf. tether, attack, sound, whistle, arrived, dowry, summoned And interrupted, betrayed. The application of a general rule requires taking into account the different meanings of these prefixes.
Console at has the following basic meanings:
1. proximity, direct adjacency to something, for example: Primorye, Baltic States, coastal, roadside, border, Ural, Volga;
2. approximations, additions, eg: run, move, attach, attach, attribute, buy;
3. incompleteness of action, for example: open, lift, sit down, cheer up, extinguish;
4. bringing an action to a certain result, for example: prepare, accustom, caress, shame, reconcile, try on;
5. in verbs with suffixes -yva (-willow), -va– the meaning of the accompanying action, for example: to say, to dance, to sing.
Console pre in combination with adjectives and adverbs denotes a high degree of quality, for example: kind, very nice, most unpleasant, disgusting, very calm, enough. Prefix in verbs pre denotes an action that occurs to a high degree ( to be filled, to exalt, to prosper), or has values close to the meanings of the prefix re (interrupt, refract, block, endure). In words like exceed, satiate, overabundance, console pre denotes excess, going beyond the limits of something.
In some words the meaning of prefixes pre And at it is not entirely clear or their identification is doubtful, for example: despise, teach, pursue, present, convey, elderly, free, fit, handsome, fancy, order, hello. The spelling of such words is determined in dictionary order.
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Note 1. Prefixes in verbs differ exaggerate, increase and in paired verbs that are close in meaning downplay And downplay. Verbs exaggerate And downplay with attachment pre have the meaning ‘to imagine something. in bo ́ larger (smaller) sizes than in reality’. Verb increase means ‘to multiply, increase even more’, and downplay– ‘reduce somewhat’. Note 2. The spelling of other similar or similar-sounding words with prefixes also differs pre And at, eg: abide(Where) - arrive(Where), betray(whom what) – give(to whom; to what), limit - chapel, successor - receiver, receiver; bow (knees, head) And bow down - bow down)‘bending over (bending over), bringing closer, leaning against something’; transgress(What) - start(for what), implement(what) – pretend(what) and pretend; transitory - coming, endure - endure, indispensable - inapplicable, repose - attach, immutable - attach. |
Spelling prefixes is an important section when learning the Russian language. Vowels in prefixes pre- and pre- depend on lexical meaning words. Their spelling principles are few and not complex. But, despite this, not only children, but also adults are confused about the rules when writing the vowel -e or -i. Consider the rule for writing pre-/pri-.
In contact with
The attachment is
Words with express:
- Joining and approaching. Addition, application, come, arrive, fasten.
- Incompleteness of action. To lull, to become poor, to jump up, to look after, to warm, to sip, to rise, to limp.
- Being near something. Coastal, mountainous, bedside, frontline, suburban, station.
- Gradual completion of the process. Taming, instilling, getting used to, addiction, reconciliation, provision.
Note! What is incomplete action? These are expressing the half-action of a person or object, i.e. doing something not completely. Stand up - stand up, sit down - sit down, lie down - lie down
learning Russian
The meaning of the prefix is can be expressed:
- Excellent meaning of the word. Great, most important, wise, advantage, mature, supreme.
- The prefix pre- can be replaced with re-. A passing moment is a passing moment (a moment that will change); swim (obsolete form) – swim across.
Important! In there are words in which pre- and come to the root of the word. It is difficult to explain the spelling of such words (in most cases it is), so it is better to remember them. Examples: president, price list, teacher, drug, throne, contender, preference, private, privilege.
Confusion in spelling may occur in Homophones – words that sound alike, but have different spellings. Implement - bring to life, pretend - close, transitory - temporary, coming - appearing somewhere; despise - hate, despise - care about someone; bow down - respectfully lower, bow down - bend over; betray - deceive, impart - strengthen the role of an object.
Spelling of pre-/pre- prefixes on verbs
The prefixes pre-/at- are often used with verbs, so we will pay special attention to them.
Words with the prefix pre- have the following interpretation:
- Change something. The frog turned into a princess. Spring has transformed everything around.
- Implement = bring something to life.
- Completing an action or process. Block a path, interrupt speech, stop a crime, stop an activity, impede entry.
- An action is above or below a certain measure. Extol, surpass, exceed, understate.
- Abide = live, be, exist. He lives in Rostov. = It is located in Rostov.
You can use the help site http://bezbukv.ru/mask/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5$/verb, on the page of which verbs with a prefix written -e- are presented.
Note! Most verbs with are found in works of art.
The prefix pri- is used in writing verbs in the following cases:
- Completion of an action or movement. To arrive, to run, to drive, to fly.
- A certain position of one object in relation to another. Apply a compress, glue a sheet, stick tightly, touch your hand, attach a shelf, attach parts, pin a brooch.
- Addition. Speed up, add extra, buy things, add a balcony, increase your capital.
- Incomplete action. The verbs “sit down” and “lie down” can have the meaning of a short-term action. I lay down on the bed to take a little nap. I’ll sit down for a minute and run on with my business.
- The verbs of perception “look” and “listen” with the prefix and postfix -sya express deepening into the action - take a closer look, listen carefully.
- The verbs “to call” and “to attract” with the prefix - = to turn to someone, to induce to action - to call, to attract.
- Verbs “accustom”, “tame”, “instill” (figurative meaning), “get used to” = transfer or acquisition of any qualities, properties, skills. Parents taught their children discipline. Animal lovers can even tame a lion. The literature teacher instilled in us a love of poetry. Anyone who is used to getting up early gets a lot done.
The prefix pri- on verbs can be used not only literally, but also figuratively. Verbs of motion fall under this category. Let's look at examples in which the verb “to come” has a figurative meaning:
- Meaning "to obtain a certain result." We have come to a definite solution to this problem.
- May contain a conclusion/conclusion or agreement. After working for two years after school, he came to the decision to leave his hometown and start life anew. As a result of lengthy negotiations, representatives of the two countries came to an agreement on territorial problems. The commission came to the conclusion that there were no violations in the bank's work.
- The meaning is “to agree”, “to have a common decision”. We argued for a long time about where to go on vacation, and when we came to a common opinion, we decided to go to the White Sea.
- Meaning "understanding" or "awareness". As he grew older, he began to understand how important it is to take care of his health.
- Meaning "to gain power." As a result of the elections, the Republicans came to power in the country.
In verbal parts of speech, the spelling pre-/at will be preserved. To block - blocking - blocking, trying on - trying on - trying on.
The verb "to come" also appears in phraseological turns: How could this occur to you? - Think about something. He was never able to recover from that terrible accident. - Come to your senses.
If you are in doubt about the spelling of a word and cannot decide which vowel, -e- or -i-, should be inserted into a given word, then be sure to look in the dictionary. We remind you that the spelling of pre-/pri- directly depends on the meaning of the word.
Rules for writing prefixes in Russian
Spelling words with prefixes is pre-pri-
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Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write down these words by inserting the missing one
z... suspect, w... fulfill
pr...sea, pr...knock out
and... everyday, walking...
by...throw, o...cut
pr... wise, without pr... beautiful
Here's the correct spelling:
suspect, underfulfill
seaside, get used to it
andExcessive, Climbing
toss, saw off
wise, without embellishment
Answer: Primorsky, get used to it
Answer: get used to seaside | get used to seaside
SPELLING OF PREFACES
great grandfather,
great-grandmother
ancestral home
great-granddaughter,
ancestor
prehistoric,
stepdaughter,
cloudy,
detrimental.
6. It is necessary to distinguish between pairs:
Craft and Counterfeit
PUT ON AND PUT ON
Tease and tease
Spelling of prefixes
niZ-niS (not to be confused with HE+S)
bothS-both
through-through
thru-viaS
4. REMEMBER:
open
gape
ruin
countless
quarrel - quarrel
frantically
on the sly
too
9.1.3 Prefixes PRE and PRI
Approaching (to arrive);
Attachment (glue);
to give an appearance - to betray a friend;
you need to remember the spelling.
| AT | PRE | ||||||||||||||||
| private diva primitive privilege a priority embellish ghost carp adventure claim acquisition bizarre dowry addiction adapt apply fastidious buddy be present | preamble prevail (prevail) transform the president presidium prelude give bonuses premiere neglect convert overcome a drug let prerogative challenger claim 9.1.4 Prefixes PAC and ROZKommersant is written: trilingual). AD- (adjutant) IN- (injection) CON- (conjunctivitis) OB- (detour) SUB- (subject) PAN- (pan-European) COUNTER- (counter tier) DIS- (disjunctive) TRANS- (trans-European) Kommersant is not written: b is written: pr..passionate, pr..increasing (speed); un..literate, excessive; located..lying down, by..by hearsay; s..to be sarcastic, mouth..e; there are problems, n..load. Explanation (see also Rule below). Let's give the correct spelling. biased, excess (speed); illiterate, excessive; located, by hearsay; to be sarcastic, mouth; problems, load. The word “passionate” is not listed in dictionaries. Answer: ILLITERATE EXCESSIVE or EXCESSIVELY ILLITERATE. Answer: illiterateexcessive|excessiveilliterate Rule: Task 10. Spelling prefixes. Generalization SPELLING OF PREFACES and spellings associated with them are checked in task 10. Spellings tested in this task: 9.1.1 Prefixes that do not change in writing1. In most prefixes, vowels and consonants, according to the morphological principle of Russian spelling, are written the same way, regardless of any conditions: S-, V-, OVER-, UNDER-, PRED-, OT-, ZA-, OT-, WITHOUT -, VO-, VZO-, WHO, DO-, NA-, OVER-, NADO-, O-, OB-, PERE-, PO-, UNDER-, PRO-, SO-, DISO- REMEMBER: there is a prefix S- (to do, perish), but there is no prefix 3. 2. The spelling of vowels in prefixes in an unstressed position (except for the prefixes PRE-, PRI-and RAZ/ROZ) can be checked by choosing a word where the same prefix is in a stressed position: refuse - Response, punish - hastily. 3. The spelling of consonants in prefixes (except for prefixes with 3-, C-) can be checked by choosing the word where after this prefix there is a vowel or consonants V, L, M, N, R: bypass - overgrow. 4. The prefix PRA- is used in words: great grandfather, great-grandmother ancestral home great-granddaughter, ancestor prehistoric, 5. The prefix PA- occurs only under stress: stepdaughter, cloudy, detrimental. 6. It is necessary to distinguish between pairs: Submit, Submit, Submit and Submit, Submit, Submit Craft and Counterfeit PUT ON AND PUT ON Hold, Used and Support, Supported Tease and tease 9.1.2 Prefixes ending with the letters Z and SSpelling of prefixes niZ-niS (not to be confused with HE+S) bothS-both through-through thru-viaS which end in 3-, C- and have at least two letters is determined by the subsequent consonant. 3 - written before a voiced consonant (to think) voiced consonants: r, l, m, n, j, b, v, g, d, g, z S - before a voiceless consonant (consider) voiceless consonants: x, ts, ch, shch, k, p, s, t, sh, f These prefixes are also called pronunciation-dependent: in the prefix we write what we hear. Under the influence of the voiced sound of the root, the last sound of the prefix becomes voiced, and in the same way, under the influence of the dull sound of the root, the prefix is deafened. And this sound is reflected in the writing: we hear [raSshum’et’tsa] we write to make noise; we hear [iZbizhat’], we write andEscape. 2. In spellings like NOT + IZ + bezhny, in which there are two prefixes, the rule of the prefix ON Z/S works. In spellings like NOT+C+combustible, which has two prefixes, the rule for writing the prefix C works. 3. In the words calculation, calculating, calculate, one C is written (before the root -CHET-). 4. REMEMBER: open gape ruin countless worldview - worldview quarrel - quarrel frantically on the sly too 5. Near - preposition (near the house). But: nearby, nearby (participle). 9.1.3 Prefixes PRE and PRIThe spelling of the prefixes PRE-/PRI- depends on the meaning of the word. The prefix PRI- has the meaning: Approaching (to arrive); Attachment (glue); Proximity (seaside - close to the sea); Incomplete action (open slightly); Action brought to completion (invent); Close to the prefix DO- (attribute); Strengthening the action (lean in); Acting in one's own interests (dressing up). The prefix PRE- has the meaning: Very (wonderful - very beautiful); Close to the prefix PERE- (overcome). In some cases, the distinction between the prefixes PRI-/PRE- is determined by the context: to arrive in the city - to stay in the city; to give an appearance - to betray a friend; to despise an orphan is to despise an enemy; the chapel (in the temple) is the limit (of patience); receiver (radio receiver) - successor (continuator of the work started, traditions); gatekeeper (watchman at the gate) - perverse (wrong), but: to lie (to lie a little) endure (get used to) - endure (survive); bow (branches) - bow (before someone); proceed (to something) - transgress (through something); pretend (door) - bring (to life); coming (comes) - transitory (impermanent); lock (door) - bicker (argue); apply (effort) - immutable, not subject to change; haven (shelter) - continuously (without ceasing); stumble (settle without comfort) - stumbling block (interference, difficulty, = phraseology) reduce (a little) - reduce (a lot, significantly) The meaning that is unclear in a noun (adjective) can be clarified by the previous stage of word formation: refuge - to stick, vocation - to call, applied - to apply. The meanings introduced into a word by the prefixes pre-, pri-, can be explained by words or phrases that are similar in meaning: transform - remake, rebuild; moor - moor, moor; stop - stop doing something; bicker - interrupt each other, quarrel; perverse (opinion) inverted; unacceptable - something that cannot be accepted; unpretentious - without whims; fastidious - a person with great whims and caprices. There are words (most often borrowed) with the prefixes PRE-/PRI-, the meaning of which has been lost and you need to remember the spelling.
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1) agreement, position..yesterday, p..consequences;
2) straight..education, straight..false, straight..history;
3) too..too, un..painful, ..here;
4) without..initiative, up..mother, pre..infarction;
5) p..esa, V..etnam, p..nuance.
Let's give the correct spelling.
1. agreement, the day before yesterday, consequences;
2. transformation, immutable, prehistory;
3. too, painless, Here;
4. uninitiative, take, pre-infarction;
5. play, Vietnam, intoxicating.
Answer: 25.
Answer: 25|52
SPELLING OF PREFACES
great grandfather,
great-grandmother
ancestral home
great-granddaughter,
ancestor
prehistoric,
stepdaughter,
cloudy,
detrimental.
6. It is necessary to distinguish between pairs:
Craft and Counterfeit
PUT ON AND PUT ON
Tease and tease
Spelling of prefixes
niZ-niS (not to be confused with HE+S)
bothS-both
through-through
thru-viaS
4. REMEMBER:
open
gape
ruin
countless
quarrel - quarrel
frantically
on the sly
too
9.1.3 Prefixes PRE and PRI
Approaching (to arrive);
Attachment (glue);
to give an appearance - to betray a friend;
you need to remember the spelling.
| AT | PRE | ||||||||||||||||
| private diva primitive privilege a priority embellish ghost carp adventure claim acquisition bizarre dowry addiction adapt apply fastidious buddy be present | preamble prevail (prevail) transform the president presidium prelude give bonuses premiere neglect convert overcome a drug let prerogative challenger claim 9.1.4 Prefixes PAC and ROZKommersant is written: trilingual). AD- (adjutant) IN- (injection) CON- (conjunctivitis) OB- (detour) SUB- (subject) PAN- (pan-European) COUNTER- (counter tier) DIS- (disjunctive) TRANS- (trans-European) Kommersant is not written: b is written: Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers. 1) d..white, non-stop..everyday, from..to wander; 2) pr..rotation, pr..muffle, pr..measurement 3) dis..play, financial inspector, dis..information; 4) and..ash, not..burnable, ray..light; 5) fill out, transfer, edit, submit Explanation (see also Rule below). Let's give the correct spelling. 1. white-hot, eternal, invent; 2. transformation, dim, fitting 3. play, financial inspector, misinformation; 4. incinerate, fireproof, dawn; 5. replenish, redirect, provide Answer: 14. Answer: 14|41 Rule: Task 10. Spelling prefixes. Generalization SPELLING OF PREFACES and spellings associated with them are checked in task 10. Spellings tested in this task: 9.1.1 Prefixes that do not change in writing1. In most prefixes, vowels and consonants, according to the morphological principle of Russian spelling, are written the same way, regardless of any conditions: S-, V-, OVER-, UNDER-, PRED-, OT-, ZA-, OT-, WITHOUT -, VO-, VZO-, WHO, DO-, NA-, OVER-, NADO-, O-, OB-, PERE-, PO-, UNDER-, PRO-, SO-, DISO- REMEMBER: there is a prefix S- (to do, perish), but there is no prefix 3. 2. The spelling of vowels in prefixes in an unstressed position (except for the prefixes PRE-, PRI-and RAZ/ROZ) can be checked by choosing a word where the same prefix is in a stressed position: refuse - Response, punish - hastily. 3. The spelling of consonants in prefixes (except for prefixes with 3-, C-) can be checked by choosing the word where after this prefix there is a vowel or consonants V, L, M, N, R: bypass - overgrow. 4. The prefix PRA- is used in words: great grandfather, great-grandmother ancestral home great-granddaughter, ancestor prehistoric, 5. The prefix PA- occurs only under stress: stepdaughter, cloudy, detrimental. 6. It is necessary to distinguish between pairs: Submit, Submit, Submit and Submit, Submit, Submit Craft and Counterfeit PUT ON AND PUT ON Hold, Used and Support, Supported Tease and tease 9.1.2 Prefixes ending with the letters Z and SSpelling of prefixes niZ-niS (not to be confused with HE+S) bothS-both through-through thru-viaS which end in 3-, C- and have at least two letters is determined by the subsequent consonant. 3 - written before a voiced consonant (to think) voiced consonants: r, l, m, n, j, b, v, g, d, g, z S - before a voiceless consonant (consider) voiceless consonants: x, ts, ch, shch, k, p, s, t, sh, f These prefixes are also called pronunciation-dependent: in the prefix we write what we hear. Under the influence of the voiced sound of the root, the last sound of the prefix becomes voiced, and in the same way, under the influence of the dull sound of the root, the prefix is deafened. And this sound is reflected in the writing: we hear [raSshum’et’tsa] we write to make noise; we hear [iZbizhat’], we write andEscape. 2. In spellings like NOT + IZ + bezhny, in which there are two prefixes, the rule of the prefix ON Z/S works. In spellings like NOT+C+combustible, which has two prefixes, the rule for writing the prefix C works. 3. In the words calculation, calculating, calculate, one C is written (before the root -CHET-). 4. REMEMBER: open gape ruin countless worldview - worldview quarrel - quarrel frantically on the sly too 5. Near - preposition (near the house). But: nearby, nearby (participle). 9.1.3 Prefixes PRE and PRIThe spelling of the prefixes PRE-/PRI- depends on the meaning of the word. The prefix PRI- has the meaning: Approaching (to arrive); Attachment (glue); Proximity (seaside - close to the sea); Incomplete action (open slightly); Action brought to completion (invent); Close to the prefix DO- (attribute); Strengthening the action (lean in); Acting in one's own interests (dressing up). The prefix PRE- has the meaning: Very (wonderful - very beautiful); Close to the prefix PERE- (overcome). In some cases, the distinction between the prefixes PRI-/PRE- is determined by the context: to arrive in the city - to stay in the city; to give an appearance - to betray a friend; to despise an orphan is to despise an enemy; the chapel (in the temple) is the limit (of patience); receiver (radio receiver) - successor (continuator of the work started, traditions); gatekeeper (watchman at the gate) - perverse (wrong), but: to lie (to lie a little) endure (get used to) - endure (survive); bow (branches) - bow (before someone); proceed (to something) - transgress (through something); pretend (door) - bring (to life); coming (comes) - transitory (impermanent); lock (door) - bicker (argue); apply (effort) - immutable, not subject to change; haven (shelter) - continuously (without ceasing); stumble (settle without comfort) - stumbling block (interference, difficulty, = phraseology) reduce (a little) - reduce (a lot, significantly) The meaning that is unclear in a noun (adjective) can be clarified by the previous stage of word formation: refuge - to stick, vocation - to call, applied - to apply. The meanings introduced into a word by the prefixes pre-, pri-, can be explained by words or phrases that are similar in meaning: transform - remake, rebuild; moor - moor, moor; stop - stop doing something; bicker - interrupt each other, quarrel; perverse (opinion) inverted; unacceptable - something that cannot be accepted; unpretentious - without whims; fastidious - a person with great whims and caprices. There are words (most often borrowed) with the prefixes PRE-/PRI-, the meaning of which has been lost and you need to remember the spelling.
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