Nowadays, having a smartphone or tablet, you can easily determine your location using GPS. But let's not forget that compass navigation more interesting and a little exciting. Plus, it works almost anywhere. When using a compass, first of all, determine the main directions: north (N), south (S), east (E), west (W). After this, you need to determine your location in relation to the nearest populated areas. Everyone who held a compass in their hand for the first time had a question:
Why does the compass needle point north?You, of course, have heard about the North Magnetic Pole. It is in the direction towards it that the northern end of the magnetic needle is installed. It is known that the globe is one huge magnet with poles. Extends around the Earth magnetic force field, and magnetic field lines burst out from one pole in a powerful beam, circle the Earth and connect at the other (Fig. 1). These lines are called magnetic meridians. Thus, a magnetic meridian passes through every point on the earth’s surface, “directing” the compass needle with one end to the north and the other to the south.
Figure 1 - Magnetic force field. But knowledge of these two directions is not enough to navigate by compass. You can more accurately determine the required direction by azimuth. You probably know how a ship maintains its direction on the high seas. He follows a course pre-calculated from the map using a compass and, crossing seas and oceans, arrives exactly at the designated port. For example, “course – 90°”, “course – 220°”. In the same way, we use a compass on land, using the word “azimuth” instead of the word “course” (from the Arabic “assumut”, which means: path, road). (magnetic) is the angle between the direction of the magnetic meridian and the direction to an object located in a given area. Magnetic azimuths are measured in degrees from 0 to 360° and counted from the north direction of the magnetic needle in a clockwise direction. For example, the azimuth to a separate house is 300°, to a separate tree – 120°, to a mound – 60° (Fig. 2). 
Figure 2 - Magnetic azimuth. Knowing the azimuth of your path, you can move at night, in fog, a snowstorm or in a dense forest and reach your intended goal. To determine the direction on the ground at a given azimuth, you need to face the object. By turning the lid, set the pointer (yellow triangle mounted under the glass against the front sight) to the specified azimuth reading. Then they unfasten the arrow and orient the compass, that is, they align the northern end of its arrow with the zero division of the compass degree ring and, while aiming (similar to aiming with a rifle), mark an object in the direction of the front sight: a tree, a bush, a hillock (at the same time It is necessary to ensure that the arrow does not leave zero). Until the skill is acquired, it is better to place the compass on some post, stump, or work together: one holds the compass, monitoring the position of the arrow, the other aims through the sights and notices the direction. For training, determine at what azimuth from your home the school, store, cinema are located, at what azimuth you go to school and return home. Having learned to determine the sides of the horizon and azimuths, it is very important to be able to follow the required direction. When setting off, remember the initial north-south direction and constantly monitor deviations from it. For example: at first you walked north, and then from the oak tree you turned northeast, approached a large mossy boulder and from it, turning southeast, you went further. "Pranks" of the magnetic compass needle
Magnetic compass needle approximately indicates north and south; More precisely, this direction is expressed by the noon line, that is, the line of direction of the shortest shadow from vertically located objects at astronomical noon (at 14:00 in summer and at 13:00 in winter). The Earth, rotating around its axis, makes one full revolution per day. The axis of rotation is an imaginary line passing through two opposite points of its intersection with the earth's surface, called poles. The pole facing the North Star is called North geographic pole, and the opposite one – South geographic pole. All the Earth's meridians intersect at the geographic poles. Consequently, through every point on the earth's surface passes a geographical meridian, the direction of which is shown by the noon line. The angle between the northern direction of the geographic meridian passing through a given point and the direction to a local object is called true(geographical) azimuth. The azimuth value is counted clockwise from 0 to 360° (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3 - True azimuth. The Earth's magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic ones. Therefore, the directions of the geographic and magnetic meridians also do not coincide, but form an angle, which is called the declination of the magnetic needle, or magnetic declination. Magnetic declination does not remain constant for each location; it varies slowly within 3–8°. Over the course of a day, the magnetic needle can move away from its average position by 1°, 5, during a thunderstorm - by 2° or more. On the territory of the USSR, the magnetic declination varies from +25° (in the Far North, along the shores of the Kara Sea) to –13° (Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). In Moscow it is about 7°, in Kyiv –4°. It has been established that as sunspots increase on the Earth, so-called magnetic storms, during which the arrow begins to oscillate unevenly. In some places on the globe it suddenly deviates sharply to the side. This indicates that in this place in the bowels of the Earth there are large deposits of magnetic iron ore, the attraction of which overpowers the magnetic lines of force of the Earth’s constant magnetic field. This phenomenon is called a magnetic anomaly. As you can see, compass navigation in some situations may show the wrong route. The largest on the globe magnetic anomaly is located in the Kursk region. Here, in a number of places, the declination of the magnetic needle changes by 130–170° within one or two kilometers! Also known are the Krivoy Rog anomalous zone, a zone of anomalies from Odessa to Vinnitsa with a width of 50 to 100 km and a length of about 400 km; anomalies on the Kola Peninsula, in the Urals, the Far East, etc. Of course, you cannot use a compass in places of magnetic anomalies. The change in the magnitude of the magnetic declination is also influenced by such a curious fact (now firmly established) as the displacement of the magnetic poles. Over six years (from 1948 to 1954), the North Magnetic Pole moved north and approached the geographic pole by almost one hundred and fifty kilometers. The South Magnetic Pole “drifts” across Antarctica at an average speed of 2 m per hour. As observations by magnetologists have shown, the general direction of movement of the pole is northwestern - from Victoria Land to Adelie Land. Over the past fifty years, the South Magnetic Pole has already moved 800 km. According to geophysicists, in the coming years the South Magnetic Pole will leave Antarctica and take its place in the Indian Ocean, and in 200 years it will end up on a new Continent - southern Africa. This general direction of pole motion is confirmed by the recent strengthening of the so-called South African Anomaly. There is a place on Earth between the magnetic pole of the northern hemisphere and the North geographic pole where the magnetic needle cannot be trusted at all, since under the influence of the earth’s magnetism its northern end points to the south, and its southern end points to the north. Compass Navigation and the Story of Captain Hatteras
Captain Hatteras, the hero of the famous novel by Jules Verne " The Adventures of Captain Hatteras"(1866), devoted all his thoughts, his whole life to one dream - reaching the North Pole. At the North Pole there is only one side of the horizon - south. Therefore, you can only approach it from the south; both ends of the magnetic needle will point only to the south. No matter which direction the wind blows, at the North Pole it will always be south. So, let’s mentally trace part of the path of Jules Verne’s heroes. The brave captain Hatteras on the ship “Forward” left the waters of Baffin Bay (Baffin Sea) far behind and, trusting the compass needle, steered the ship due west. Easily maneuvering among small ice floes in Lancaster Channel between the islands of Baffin Island, Somerset and Dondas Harbor (Devon), the ship reached the meridian 96° west longitude (Fig. 4). Here the course was taken strictly north in the direction of the pole.
The helmsman monitored the direction of the northern end of the magnetic compass needle. When the sky cleared and the Sun came out, the ship's captain took advantage of this to check the course and, to his amazement, found that the ship was heading with an error of 180° south towards the shores of the Butia Peninsula. During Hatteras's journey, the place where the magnetic needle pointed south with its northern end and north with its southern end had a coordinate of 96° west longitude. We often hear that the magnetic pole is close to the geographic North Pole. Are these two poles really such close neighbors? If we were told, for example, that Simferopol is close to Moscow, we would take it as a joke. After all, there are approximately 1600 km between them. However, the distance between the North geographic and North magnetic poles is much greater. And at the moment it is 2230 km. We say “at the moment” because the position of the magnetic poles is constantly changing. In 1831, the coordinates of the North Magnetic Pole were: 70°05′ north latitude and 96°53′ west longitude, and the South Magnetic Pole in 1841, according to the definition of James Ross, was at 73° south latitude and 150° east longitude. According to data obtained by Amundsen in 1903, the North Magnetic Pole was at 70°30" west longitude, that is, on the Boothia Peninsula in North America. Currently, the North Magnetic Pole is located on one of the islands of the Canadian Arctic archipelago - on Prince of Wales Land and has the following geographical coordinates: 74° north latitude and 100° west longitude, and the South Magnetic Pole is located on the coast of Antarctica on the King George V Coast (68° south latitude and 143° east longitude). The compass needle with its north end (usually blue) does not always point accurately to the north. It is also necessary to remember that when determining the sides of the horizon using a compass and when moving along azimuths calculated directly on the ground, magnetic declination, if it is not anomalous, does not affect the accuracy of orientation. In a different way, they use data for movement along azimuths prepared from a topographic map. Here it is necessary to take into account magnetic declination exceeding 3°. At the same time, you need to learn to find the “natural” north. To those who know how to observe, nature itself will tell you how the sides of the horizon are located. We hope that navigating with a compass will now be easier, since you have learned some of the secrets of this device. Read also: In 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert in his book “On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies and the Great Magnet - the Earth”. presented the Earth as a giant permanent magnet, the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the Earth (the angle between these axes is called magnetic declination).
Gilbert confirmed his assumption experimentally: he carved a large ball out of a natural magnet and, bringing a magnetic needle closer to the surface of the ball, showed that it is always positioned in the same way as a compass needle on the earth.
Graphically, the Earth's magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
In 1702, E. Halley created the first magnetic maps of the Earth.
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The main reason for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field is that the Earth's core consists of hot iron (a good conductor of electrical currents arising within the Earth).
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The Earth's magnetic field forms a magnetosphere, extending 70-80 thousand km in the direction of the Sun. It shields the Earth's surface, protects against the harmful effects of charged particles, high energies and cosmic rays, and determines the nature of the weather.
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The Sun's magnetic field is 100 times greater than the Earth's.
CHANGES IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD
Back in 1635, Gellibrand established that the Earth's magnetic field was changing.
It was later discovered that there are permanent and short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
The reason for the constant changes is the presence of mineral deposits.
There are areas on Earth where its own magnetic field is greatly distorted by the occurrence of iron ores. For example, the Kursk magnetic anomaly, located in the Kursk region.
The reason for short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field is the action of the "solar wind", i.e. the action of a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun. The magnetic field of this flow interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, and "magnetic storms" arise.
The frequency and strength of magnetic storms is affected by solar activity.
During the years of maximum solar activity (once every 11.5 years), such magnetic storms occur that radio communications are disrupted, and compass needles begin to “dance” unpredictably.
The result of the interaction of charged particles of the “solar wind” with the Earth’s atmosphere in northern latitudes is the phenomenon of “aurora.”
DO NOT CONFUSE THE MAGNETIC AND GEOGRAPHIC POLES OF THE EARTH
Like magnetic poles repel, and opposite magnetic poles attract.
Why does the compass needle point north with its north pole and south with its south pole?
Which end of the compass needle is attracted to the Earth's north pole?
Or, in other words, which of the two poles of the Earth - north or south - lies in the direction where the north end of the magnetic needle points?
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The one who says that the north end of the magnetic needle points to the Earth’s north pole (geographical) is right.
This means that the south magnetic pole of the Earth lies in the north of the Earth, its coordinates are 75°.6 s. latitude, 101°w. d. (data for 1965).
The Earth's magnetic north pole is located in Antarctica, its coordinates are 66°.3 S, 141° E. d. (according to data for 1965).
The Earth's magnetic poles are slowly drifting.
IS "NORTH" REALLY IN THE NORTH?
A man, looking at the compass, steps straight in the direction where the dark end of the magnetic needle points. He “follows the compass” north towards the pole. Where will he go?
Most probably made the same mistake.
They thought that man had to come to the north geographic pole of the Earth.
But in fact, he arrived on Somerset Island, located at the northern tip of North America, where the north magnetic pole of the earth is located.
Currently, the south magnetic pole of the earth is located at a distance in Canada
about 2100 km from the geographic north pole.
INTERESTING
In what place on Earth is it absolutely impossible to trust the magnetic needle due to the fact that its northern end points to the south, and its southern end points to the north?
By placing the compass between the north magnetic and north geographic poles (closer to the magnetic one), we will see that the north end of the arrow is directed towards the first, i.e. south, and the south end in the opposite direction, i.e. north.
Scientists have determined that at the points of the Earth's magnetic pole, a magnetic needle freely suspended on a thread should be installed vertically, since it is at these points that magnetic lines enter (or leave) the Earth.
INFLUENCE OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD ON LIVING ORGANISMS
The Earth's magnetic field serves many living organisms for orientation in space.
Some marine bacteria are located in the bottom mud at a certain angle to the Earth's magnetic field lines, which is explained by the presence of small ferromagnetic particles in them.
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Flies and other insects "land" preferably in a direction across or along the magnetic lines of the Earth's magnetic field. For example, termites rest in such a way that their heads are in one direction: in some groups - parallel, in others - perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
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The Earth's magnetic field also serves as a guide for migratory birds. Recently, scientists have learned that birds have a small magnetic “compass” in the eye area - a tiny tissue field in which magnetite crystals are located, which have the ability to magnetize in a magnetic field.
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Botanists have established the sensitivity of plants to magnetic fields. It turns out that a strong magnetic field affects plant growth.
"The probability of a change in the Earth's magnetic poles in the near future. Research into the detailed physical reasons for this process.
I once watched a popular science film on this issue, filmed 6-7 years ago.
It provided data on the appearance of an anomalous area in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean - a change in polarity and weak tension. It seems that when satellites fly over this territory, they have to be turned off so that the electronics do not deteriorate.
And in terms of time, it seems like this process should happen.It also talked about the European Space Agency's plans to launch a series of satellites to study in detail the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. Maybe they have already published the data from this study, if they managed to launch satellites on this matter?”
The Earth's magnetic poles are part of our planet's magnetic (geomagnetic) field, which is generated by flows of molten iron and nickel surrounding the Earth's inner core (in other words, turbulent convection in the Earth's outer core generates the geomagnetic field). The behavior of the Earth's magnetic field is explained by the flow of liquid metals at the boundary of the earth's core and the mantle.
In 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert in his book “On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies and the Great Magnet - the Earth”. presented the Earth as a giant permanent magnet, the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the Earth (the angle between these axes is called magnetic declination).
In 1702, E. Halley created the first magnetic maps of the Earth. The main reason for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field is that the Earth's core consists of hot iron (a good conductor of electrical currents arising within the Earth).
The Earth's magnetic field forms a magnetosphere, extending 70-80 thousand km in the direction of the Sun. It shields the Earth's surface, protects against the harmful effects of charged particles, high energies and cosmic rays, and determines the nature of the weather.
Back in 1635, Gellibrand established that the Earth's magnetic field was changing. It was later discovered that there are permanent and short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
The reason for the constant changes is the presence of mineral deposits. There are areas on Earth where its own magnetic field is greatly distorted by the occurrence of iron ores. For example, the Kursk magnetic anomaly, located in the Kursk region.
The reason for short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field is the action of the "solar wind", i.e. the action of a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun. The magnetic field of this flow interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, and "magnetic storms" arise. The frequency and strength of magnetic storms is affected by solar activity.
During the years of maximum solar activity (once every 11.5 years), such magnetic storms occur that radio communications are disrupted, and compass needles begin to “dance” unpredictably.
The result of the interaction of charged particles of the “solar wind” with the Earth’s atmosphere in northern latitudes is the phenomenon of “aurora.”
The change of the Earth's magnetic poles (magnetic field inversion, English geomagnetic reversal) occurs every 11.5-12.5 thousand years. Other figures are also cited - 13,000 years and even 500 thousand years or more, and the last inversion occurred 780,000 years ago. Apparently, the reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Field is a non-periodic phenomenon. Throughout the geological history of our planet, the Earth's magnetic field has changed its polarity more than 100 times.
The cycle of changing the Earth's poles (associated with planet Earth itself) can be classified as a global cycle (along with, for example, the cycle of fluctuation of the precession axis), which influences everything that happens on Earth...
A legitimate question arises: when to expect a change in the Earth’s magnetic poles (inversion of the planet’s magnetic field), or a shift of the poles to a “critical” angle (according to some theories to the equator)?..
The process of shifting magnetic poles has been recorded for more than a century. The North and South Magnetic Poles (NSM and SMP) are constantly “migrating”, moving away from the geographic poles of the Earth (the “error” angle is now about 8 degrees in latitude for the NMP and 27 degrees for the SMP). By the way, it was found that the Earth's geographic poles also move: the planet's axis deviates at a speed of about 10 cm per year.
The magnetic north pole was first discovered in 1831. In 1904, when scientists took measurements again, it was discovered that the pole had moved 31 miles. The compass needle points to the magnetic pole, not the geographic pole. The study showed that over the last thousand years, the magnetic pole has moved significant distances from Canada to Siberia, but sometimes in other directions.
The Earth's magnetic north pole does not sit still. However, like the south. The northern one “wandered” around Arctic Canada for a long time, but since the 70s of the last century its movement has acquired a clear direction. With an increasing speed, now reaching 46 km per year, the pole is rushing almost in a straight line into the Russian Arctic. According to the Canadian Geomagnetic Survey, by 2050 it will be located in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
The rapid reversal of the poles is indicated by the weakening of the Earth's magnetic field near the poles, which was established in 2002 by the French professor of geophysics Gauthier Hulot. By the way, the Earth's magnetic field has weakened by almost 10% since it was first measured in the 30s of the 19th century. Fact: In 1989, residents of Quebec (Canada) were left without power for 9 hours when solar winds broke through a weak magnetic shield and caused severe breakdowns in electrical networks.
From a school physics course we know that electric current heats the conductor through which it flows. In this case, the movement of charges will heat the ionosphere. Particles will penetrate into the neutral atmosphere, this will affect the wind system at an altitude of 200-400 km, and therefore the climate as a whole. The displacement of the magnetic pole will also affect the operation of equipment. For example, in mid-latitudes during the summer months it will be impossible to use shortwave radio communications. The operation of satellite navigation systems will also be disrupted, since they use ionospheric models that will not be applicable in the new conditions. Geophysicists also warn that induced currents in Russian power lines and grids will increase as the magnetic north pole approaches.
However, all this may not happen. The north magnetic pole can change direction or stop at any moment, and this cannot be foreseen. And for the South Pole there is no forecast at all for 2050. Until 1986, he moved very vigorously, but then his speed dropped.
So, here are four facts that indicate an approaching or already begun geomagnetic field reversal:
1. A decrease in geomagnetic field strength over the past 2.5 thousand years;
2. Acceleration of the decline in field strength in recent decades;
3. Sharp acceleration of the magnetic pole displacement;
4. Features of the distribution of magnetic field lines, which becomes similar to the picture corresponding to the stage of inversion preparation.
There is a wide debate about the possible consequences of the change in geomagnetic poles. There are a variety of points of view - from quite optimistic to extremely alarming. Optimists point to the fact that hundreds of reversals have occurred in Earth's geological history, but mass extinctions and natural disasters have not been linked to these events. In addition, the biosphere has significant adaptability, and the inversion process can last quite a long time, so there is more than enough time to prepare for the changes.
The opposite point of view does not exclude the possibility that an inversion may occur within the lifetime of the next generations and will prove to be a disaster for human civilization. It must be said that this point of view is largely compromised by a large number of unscientific and simply anti-scientific statements. As an example, it is believed that during the inversion, human brains will experience a reboot, similar to what happens with computers, and the information contained in them will be completely erased. Despite such statements, the optimistic point of view is very superficial.
The modern world is far from what it was hundreds of thousands of years ago: man has created many problems that have made this world fragile, easily vulnerable and extremely unstable. There is reason to believe that the consequences of the inversion will indeed be truly catastrophic for world civilization. And the complete loss of functionality of the World Wide Web due to the destruction of radio communication systems (and this will certainly occur at the time of the loss of radiation belts) is just one example of a global catastrophe. For example, due to the destruction of radio communication systems, all satellites will fail.
An interesting aspect of the impact of geomagnetic inversion on our planet, associated with a change in the configuration of the magnetosphere, is considered in his recent works by Professor V.P. Shcherbakov from the Borok Geophysical Observatory. In the normal state, due to the fact that the axis of the geomagnetic dipole is oriented approximately along the Earth's rotation axis, the magnetosphere serves as an effective screen for high-energy flows of charged particles moving from the Sun. During an inversion, it is quite possible that a funnel will form in the frontal subsolar part of the magnetosphere in the region of low latitudes, through which solar plasma can reach the Earth’s surface. Due to the rotation of the Earth in each specific place of low and partly moderate latitudes, this situation will repeat every day for several hours. That is, a significant part of the planet’s surface will experience a strong radiation impact every 24 hours.
However, NASA scientists suggest that the pole reversal could briefly deprive Earth of the magnetic field that protects us from solar flares and other cosmic hazards. However, the magnetic field may weaken or strengthen over time, but there is no indication that it will disappear completely. A weaker field will of course lead to a slight increase in solar radiation on Earth, as well as the observation of beautiful auroras at lower latitudes. But nothing fatal will happen, and the dense atmosphere perfectly protects the Earth from dangerous solar particles.
Science proves that pole reversal is, from the point of view of the geological history of the Earth, a common phenomenon that occurs gradually over millennia.
The geographic poles are also constantly shifting across the Earth's surface. But these shifts occur slowly and are natural. The axis of our planet, rotating like a top, describes a cone around the pole of the ecliptic with a period of about 26 thousand years; in accordance with the migration of geographical poles, gradual climate changes occur. They are caused mainly by the displacement of ocean currents that transfer heat to the continents. Another thing is unexpected, sharp “somersaults” of the poles. But the rotating Earth is a gyroscope with a very impressive angular momentum, in other words, it is an inertial object. resisting attempts to change the characteristics of its movement. A sudden change in the tilt of the Earth’s axis, and especially its “somersault,” cannot be caused by internal slow movements of magma or gravitational interaction with any passing cosmic body.
Such an overturning moment can only occur with a tangential impact from an asteroid with a size of at least 1000 kilometers in diameter, approaching the Earth at a speed of 100 km/sec. A more real threat to the life of mankind and the entire living world of the Earth appears to be a change in the geomagnetic poles. The magnetic field of our planet that is observed today is very similar to that which would be created by a giant bar magnet placed in the center of the Earth, oriented along a north-south line. More precisely, it must be installed so that its North magnetic pole is directed to the South geographic pole, and the South magnetic pole is directed to the North geographic pole.
However, this situation is not permanent. Research over the last four hundred years has shown that the magnetic poles rotate around their geographic counterparts, shifting about twelve degrees every century. This value corresponds to current speeds in the upper core of ten to thirty kilometers per year. In addition to gradual shifts of the magnetic poles approximately every five hundred thousand years, the Earth’s magnetic poles change places. The study of paleomagnetic characteristics of rocks of different ages allowed scientists to conclude that the time of such magnetic pole reversals took at least five thousand years. A complete surprise for scientists studying life on Earth was the results of an analysis of the magnetic properties of a kilometer-thick lava flow that erupted 16.2 million years ago and was recently found in the eastern Oregon Desert.
Her research, conducted by Rob Cowie of the University of California, Santa Cruz, and Michel Privota of the University of Montpelier, created a sensation in geophysics. The obtained results of the magnetic properties of volcanic rock objectively showed that the lower layer froze when the pole was in one position, the core of the flow - when the pole moved, and, finally, the upper layer - at the opposite pole. And all this happened in thirteen days. The Oregon find suggests that the Earth's magnetic poles may change places not within several thousand years, but in just two weeks. The last time this happened was about seven hundred and eighty thousand years ago. But how can this threaten us all? Now the magnetosphere envelops the Earth at an altitude of sixty thousand kilometers and serves as a kind of shield in the path of the solar wind. If a pole change occurs, the magnetic field during the inversion will decrease by 80-90%. Such a drastic change will certainly affect various technical devices, the animal world and, of course, humans.
True, the inhabitants of the Earth should be somewhat reassured by the fact that during the reversal of the Sun’s poles, which occurred in March 2001, no disappearance of the magnetic field was recorded.
Consequently, the complete disappearance of the Earth's protective layer will most likely not occur. A reversal of the magnetic poles cannot become a global catastrophe. The very presence of life on Earth, which has experienced inversion many times, confirms this, although the absence of a magnetic field is an unfavorable factor for the animal world. This was clearly demonstrated by the experiments of American scientists, who built two experimental chambers back in the sixties. One of them was surrounded by a powerful metal screen, which reduced the strength of the earth's magnetic field hundreds of times. In another chamber, earthly conditions were preserved. Mice and seeds of clover and wheat were placed in them. A few months later, it turned out that the mice in the screened chamber lost hair faster and died earlier than the control ones. Their skin was thicker than that of animals of the other group. And when it swells, it displaces the root sacs of the hair, which causes early baldness. Changes were also noted in plants in the magnetic-free chamber.
It will also be difficult for those representatives of the animal kingdom, for example, migratory birds, which have a kind of built-in compass and use magnetic poles for orientation. But, judging by the deposits, mass extinction of species during the reversal of magnetic poles has not occurred before. It will not happen, apparently, in the future. After all, even despite the enormous speed of movement of the poles, birds cannot keep up with them. Moreover, many animals, such as bees, orient themselves by the Sun, and migrating marine animals use more of the magnetic field of rocks on the ocean floor than the global one. Navigation systems and communication systems created by people will be subjected to serious tests that could render them inoperable. Numerous compasses will have a very bad time - they will simply have to be thrown away. But when the poles change, there may also be “positive” effects - huge northern lights will be observed throughout the Earth - however, for only two weeks.
Well, now some theories about the mysteries of civilizations :-) Some people take this quite seriously...
According to another hypothesis, we live in a unique time: a change of poles on Earth is taking place and a quantum transition of our planet to its twin, located in a parallel world of four-dimensional space, is taking place. To reduce the consequences of a planetary catastrophe, Higher Civilizations (HCs) carry out this transition smoothly in order to create favorable conditions for the emergence of a new branch of the Supercivilization of God-Humanity. Representatives of the EC believe that the old branch of Humanity is not intelligent, since over the past decades, at least five times, it could have destroyed all life on the planet if not for the timely intervention of the EC.
Today, among scientists, there is no consensus as to how long the process of pole reversal may last. According to one version, this will take several thousand years, during which the Earth will be defenseless against solar radiation. According to another, it will take only a few weeks to change the poles. But the date of the Apocalypse, according to some scientists, is suggested to us by the ancient Mayan and Atlantean peoples - 2050.
In 1996, the American popularizer of science S. Runcorn concluded that the axis of rotation has moved more than once in the geological history of the Earth along with the magnetic field. He suggests that the last geomagnetic reversal occurred around 10,450 BC. e. This is precisely what the Atlanteans who survived the flood told us about, sending their message to the future. They knew about the regular periodic reversal of the polarity of the Earth's poles approximately every 12,500 years. If by 10450 BC. e. add 12,500 years, then again you get 2050 AD. e. - the year of the next giant natural disaster. Experts calculated this date while solving the location of three Egyptian pyramids in the Nile Valley - Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin.
Russian scientists believe that the wisest Atlanteans led us to knowledge about the periodic change in the polarity of the Earth's poles through knowledge of the laws of precession, which are inherent in the location of these three pyramids. The Atlanteans, apparently, were completely confident that someday in their distant future a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth, and its representatives would rediscover the laws of precession.
According to one hypothesis, it was the Atlanteans who most likely led the construction of the three largest pyramids in the Nile Valley. All of them are built at 30 degrees north latitude and oriented to the cardinal points. Each face of the structure is aimed north, south, west or east. There is no other structure on Earth known that would be so accurately oriented to the cardinal directions with an error of only 0.015 degrees. Since the ancient builders achieved their goal, it means that they had the appropriate qualifications, knowledge, first-class equipment and instruments.
Let's move on. The pyramids are installed on the cardinal points with a deviation of three minutes and six seconds from the meridian. And the numbers 30 and 36 are signs of the precession code! 30 degrees of the celestial horizon correspond to one sign of the Zodiac, 36 is the number of years during which the sky picture shifts by half a degree.
Scientists also established certain patterns and coincidences associated with the size of the pyramid, the angles of inclination of their internal galleries, the angle of increase of the spiral staircase of the DNA molecule, a twisted spiral, etc., etc. Therefore, the scientists decided, the Atlanteans had everything available to them ways they pointed us to a strictly defined date, which coincided with an extremely rare astronomical phenomenon. It repeats once every 25,921 years. At that moment, the three stars of Orion's Belt were at their lowest precessional position above the horizon on the day of the vernal equinox. This was in 10,450 BC. e. This is how the ancient sages intensively led humanity to this date through mythological codes, through a map of the starry sky drawn in the Nile Valley with the help of three pyramids.
And so in 1993, the Belgian scientist R. Beauval used the laws of precession. Through computer analysis, he revealed that the three largest Egyptian pyramids were installed on the ground in the same way as the three stars of Orion’s Belt were located in the sky in 10,450 BC. e., when they were at the lower, that is, the starting point of their precessional movement across the sky.
Modern geomagnetic studies have shown that around 10450 BC. e. There was an instant change in the polarity of the Earth's poles and the eye shifted 30 degrees relative to its axis of rotation. As a result, a planet-wide global instant cataclysm occurred. Geomagnetic studies conducted in the late 1980s by American, British and Japanese scientists showed something else. These nightmarish cataclysms have occurred continuously throughout the geological history of the Earth with a regularity of approximately 12,500 years! They, obviously, destroyed the dinosaurs, the mammoths, and Atlantis.
Survivors of the previous flood in 10,450 BC. e. and the Atlanteans who sent us their message through the pyramids really hoped that a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth long before total horror and the end of the world. And maybe he will have time to prepare to meet the disaster fully armed. According to one of the hypotheses, their science failed to make a discovery about the obligatory “somersault” of the planet by 30 degrees at the moment of polarity reversal. As a result, all continents of the Earth shifted by exactly 30 degrees and Atlantis found itself at the South Pole. And then its entire population instantly froze, just as the mammoths froze instantly at the same moment on the other side of the planet. Only those representatives of the highly developed Atlantic civilization who were at that time on other continents of the planet in the highlands survived. They were lucky to escape the Great Flood. And so they decided to warn us, people of the distant future for them, that each change of poles is accompanied by a “somersault” of the planet and irreparable consequences.
In 1995, new additional studies were carried out using modern instruments created specifically for research of this kind. Scientists managed to make the most important clarification in the forecast of the upcoming polarity reversal and more accurately indicate the date of the terrible event - 2030.
The American scientist G. Hancock calls the date of the universal end of the world even closer - 2012. He bases his assumption on one of the calendars of the South American Mayan civilization. According to the scientist, the calendar may have been inherited by the Indians from the Atlanteans.
So, according to the Mayan Long Count, our world is cyclically created and destroyed with a period of 13 baktuns (or approximately 5120 years). The current cycle began on August 11, 3113 BC. e. (0.0.0.0.0) and will end on December 21, 2012. e. (13.0.0.0.0). The Mayans believed that the world would end on this day. And after this, if you believe them, there will come the beginning of a new cycle and the beginning of a new World.
According to other paleomagnetologists, a change in the Earth's magnetic poles is about to occur. But not in the common sense - tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. Some researchers call one thousand years, others - two thousand. Then the End of the World, the Last Judgment, the Great Flood, which is described in the Apocalypse, will come.
But humanity was already predicted to end the world in 2000. But life still goes on - and it is beautiful!
sources
http://2012god.ru/forum/forum-37/topic-338/page-1/
http://www.planet-x.net.ua/earth/earth_priroda_polusa.html
http://paranormal-news.ru/news/2008-11-01-991
http://kosmosnov.blogspot.ru/2011/12/blog-post_07.html
http://kopilka-erudita.ru