Dangerous to himself and to society. What kind of person is dangerous to society? crime and punishment

1. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people

2. Man and science. Scientific and technical progress.

3. To be or not to be?

4. Nobility (according to Yu. Tsetlin)

5. The benefits of education (according to A.F. Losev)

6. Personality education in the learning process (according to I. Botov)

7. The problem of educating true masters of art (according to L.P. Mozgovoy)

8. Moral values ​​(according to Kryukov)

9. Art (according to G.I. Uspensky)

10. The fate of the book (book or Internet?) (according to S. Curius)

11. Can a computer and the Internet supplant books (according to K. Zhurenkov)

12. Book (according to Etoev)

13. About the book (according to D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

14. About the book (according to A. Adamovich and D. Granin)

15. Books in a person's life

16. The significance of fiction in people's lives (according to Veresaev)

17. Fathers and sons (according to M. Ageev)

19. About spirituality (according to Soloveitchik)

20. The problem of spirituality (according to S. Soloveichik)

21. About language (according to Rasputin)

22. The problem of preserving the historical memory of the Russian language

23. Office worker (according to N. Gal)

25. The problem of understanding beauty

26. Love for the Motherland (according to E. Vorobyov)

27. Homeland. Connection with the Motherland (according to V. Peskov)

28. The problem of love for the Motherland (according to K. Balmont)

29. Motherland (according to V. Konetsky)

30. The appearance of the earth. Conservation (according to V. Peskov)

31. The problem of the relationship between man and nature (according to V. Soloukhin)

32. The problem of the beauty of nature (according to V.A. Soloukhin)

33. The problem of poaching (according to V.P. Astafiev)

34. Ecology (Environmental protection)

35. Ecology (according to D.S. Likhachev)

36. Devotion to one’s own (according to E. Matonina)

37. The problem of dedication to one’s work (according to Sivokon)

38. Family. Values ​​(according to S. Kapitsa)

39. Human responsibility for the lives of others

40. War

41. The problem of war (according to L. Andreev)

42. WWII

43. WWII. Memory (according to E.Z. Vorobyov)

44. The problem of historical memory (according to I. Rudenko)

45. Historical memory

46. The problem of courage (according to B. Zhitkov)

47. Feeling of patriotism (according to V. Nekrasov)

48. Honor and dishonor

49. The problem of honor in the modern world (according to D. Granin)

50. Honor (according to Shevarov)

51. The problem of honor and conscience (according to S. Kudryashov)

52. Personalities in history

53. Fascism (according to I. Rudenko)

54. The beauty of weapons (according to Bondarev)

55. Happiness. His achievement (according to V. Rozov)

56. Loneliness (according to I. Ilyin)

57. Love for humanity (according to K.I. Chukovsky)

58. Heredity and self-formation

59. Moral. Moral qualities

60. The harm of television (according to V. Soloukhin)

61. The problem of true and false values

62. The problem of true friendship (according to D.S. Likhachev)

63. The problem of inequality in society

64. The problem of the relationship between internal and external beauty (according to Saint-Exupery)

65. The problem of compassion (according to D. Granin)

66. Compassion, sensitivity and mercy

67. Selfishness, lack of compassion (according to B. Vasiliev)

68. Callous and callous attitude towards people

69. The problem of the ugly and the beautiful in life (according to V. Soloukhin)

70. The problem of gratitude (according to I. Ilyin)

1. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people

Man of the 21st century... What happened to him? How has scientific and technological progress affected people? And do they feel safer than those who lived a century ago? These are the questions that V. Soloukhin raises in his article.

According to the author, “technology has made every state and humanity as a whole powerful,” but has one person become stronger because of this? Soloukhin makes us think about the fact that there are many changes happening in the world that can help people feel more secure and comfortable. But if you look from the other side, what can one person do? He remained the same as he was without planes and cell phones, because if he has nowhere to call and fly, then why do he need these phones?

And aircraft? In addition, we, people of the 21st century, began to forget what we had acquired earlier, for example, what it means to write letters, to walk long distances.

I I agree with the author's opinion. Technological progress has not made one person stronger than he was before. I remember the work of M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri", where the main character, being alone in the forest, meets a wild animal - a leopard. Mtsyri begins a fight with the beast and, thanks to the knife, kills it. But a modern person, having encountered an animal in the forest, would also not be able to use any other device to kill the animal, even despite the fact that in the 21st century technology has become many times more developed than in the time of M.Yu. Lomonosov.

What do we mean now in this world? Can people now live without a mobile phone or computer? Will we, like our grandparents, be able to walk 10 km to school every day? I think it's worth thinking about this. After all, it seems that the stronger the technology becomes, the less powerful

And a person becomes adapted to life...

2. Man and science. Scientific and technical progress.

Scientific and technological progress has long swept across the earth like a hurricane, and every day more and more new inventions appear in the world that can make life easier for humanity. But is it really that good? Let's try to look at this from several sides...

I agree with him on many of the problems raised by the author of the article. But it seems to me that scientific progress is not always good. Humanity has achieved enormous success in its development: a computer, a telephone, a robot, a conquered atom... But a strange thing: the stronger a person becomes, the more anxious the expectation of the future. What will happen to us? Where are we going?

Let's imagine an inexperienced driver driving his brand new car at breakneck speed. How nice it is to feel the speed, to realize that a powerful motor is subject to your every movement! But suddenly the driver realizes with horror that he cannot stop the car. Humanity is like a young driver who is rushing into an unknown distance, not knowing what lurks there, around the bend.

An example of this is the work of M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But progress has dire consequences. The uncontrolled development of science and technology worries people more and more.

Let's imagine a baby dressed in his father's costume. He is wearing a huge jacket, long trousers, a hat that slides down over his eyes... Doesn't this picture remind you of a modern man? Without having time to grow morally, mature, and mature, he became the owner of powerful technology that is capable of destroying all life on earth. Examples of this can be found even in ancient mythology. There is a legend about Pandora's box. It talks about how one thoughtless action, human curiosity, can lead to a disastrous ending.

3.To be or not to be?

Is life worth the humiliation and misfortunes that a person experiences along the way? Isn’t it easier to stop mental tossing with one movement than to fight for truth and happiness for a whole century?

An excerpt from William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" talks about the meaning of life. On behalf of Hamlet, the author reflects: “...Is it worthy to humble yourself under the blows of fate, or is it necessary to resist?”, thereby raising one of the eternal questions: “For what does a person live?” William Shakespeare says: “What dreams will be dreamed in that mortal sleep, when the veil of earthly feelings is removed? This is the answer. This is what prolongs our life for so many years to our misfortunes.”, implying that the meaning of life is the ability to feel: to rejoice and love, to be sad and hate... Thus, the author raises a very

an important, in my opinion, problem of finding the meaning of life.

I completely agree with the author: there is nothing more beautiful in the world than human feelings, so diverse and vibrant in their manifestations. A person who understands the essence of life will never say: “I want to die.” On the contrary, he will hold on to life until the last, overcoming pain.

The problem raised by the author is relevant at all times and therefore cannot leave us indifferent. Many writers and poets turned to her. L.N. Tolstoy in his novel "War and Peace" fully reveals the theme of the search for the meaning of life. The main characters, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, are looking for spiritual refuge. Through mistakes and suffering, the heroes gain calm and confidence.

Life is not always favorable to a person; most often it does not spare anyone. I remember the work of Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”. The main character, Alexey Meresyev, who lost both legs during an air battle, has not lost the desire to live. His existence not only did not lose meaning, on the contrary, the hero more acutely felt the need for happiness, love, and understanding.

I would like to end the essay with a phrase from the movie “Forrest Gump”: “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what filling you’ll come across.” Indeed, sometimes the most delicious candy is hidden behind a nondescript wrapper.

4. Nobility (according to Yu. Tsetlin)

Every person has his own opinion about what is good and what is bad. But there are phenomena that have had the same meaning for humanity at all times. One of these phenomena is nobility. But real nobility, the main manifestations of which are honesty and fortitude, nobility that is not flaunted, is exactly what the author of this text writes about.

Yu. Tsetlin is concerned about the problem of true human nobility; he talks about what kind of person can be called noble, what traits are inherent in this type of people.

Yu. Tsetlin believes that “one must be able to remain an honest, unshakable, proud person under all circumstances,” who, however, is characterized by both humanity and generosity.

I completely agree with the opinion of the author of the text: a noble person is distinguished by sincere love for people, a desire to help them, the ability to sympathize, empathize, and for this it is necessary to have self-esteem and a sense of duty, honor and pride.

I find confirmation of my point of view in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The main character of this work, Tatyana Larina, was a truly noble person. The heroine of the novel had to marry not for love, but even when her lover, Evgeny Onegin, told her about the feeling that had suddenly flared up for her, Tatyana Larina did not change her principles and coldly answered him with a phrase that had already become an aphorism: “But I am given to another and will be forever faithful to him.”

Another ideal of a noble man was superbly described by L.N. Tolstoy in the epic novel War and Peace. The writer endowed one of the main characters of his work, Andrei Bolkonsky, not only with external nobility, but also with internal nobility, which the latter did not immediately discover in himself. Andrei Bolkonsky had to go through a lot, rethink a lot before he could forgive his enemy, the dying Anatoly Kuragin, an intriguer and traitor, for whom he had previously only felt hatred.

Despite the fact that there are fewer and fewer noble people, I think that nobility will always be valued by people, because it is mutual assistance, mutual assistance and mutual respect that connect society into one indestructible whole.

5. The benefits of education (according to A.F. Losev)

We often think about how our actions benefit us. Depending on personal needs, character traits, life principles, we give priority to either spiritual satisfaction or material gain. But there are types of activities that benefit us both morally and materially.

In the article by A.F. Losev, just this type of activity is discussed. The author extols science and education, discusses the benefits education gives to a person.

IN In modern society it is very important to be educated. Without education, it becomes difficult not only to find a job, but also to analyze the events happening around a person, concerning himself.

IN In this text, A.F. Losev focuses the reader’s attention not on the need for education, but on the spiritual aspect of the benefits that we receive from education. In his opinion, education, as motivated by the desire to educate

V to oneself as an individual, and conditioned by material needs, in any case brings a person “sweet fruits” - moral satisfaction.

My point of view is confirmed in the story by A.P. Chekhov “The Jumper”. One of the main characters of this work, Dymov, a doctor by vocation, was truly devoted to his profession. He saved people by risking his life and sacrificed himself for the sake of society. And throughout the entire period of his scientific activity, Dymov formed his personality and developed spiritually.

Another clear example can be the image of Bazarov in the work “Fathers and Sons” by another Russian classic - I. S. Turgenev. Bazarov’s life principles were formed as a result of his passion for science. He became a personality by practicing medicine and conducting various experiments.

Education plays a huge role in the life of every person. It brings us “sweet fruits” of spiritual satisfaction and material benefit. But the most important advantage that education gives a person is, of course, the foundation for the formation of personality and the development of life goals.

6. Personality education in the learning process (according to I. Botov)

Often, by the word “education” we mean knowledge that will help us get a highly paid and prestigious profession. We think less and less about what else it provides besides material benefits...

That is why Igor Pavlovich Botov in his article touches on the problem of the need for moral education, emphasizing the importance of proper education of the individual in the learning process.

The author draws our attention to the fact that an educated but immoral person will have a destructive effect on society. A child who has not learned the basics of morality during his school years will grow up spiritually stingy. That is why it is so important for a teacher to put the best into the student’s soul, and then in the future we will encounter less soulless officials, unscrupulous politicians and criminals.

Igor Botov is not indifferent to the problem he poses; he believes that the term “education” should be completely replaced with another one – “upbringing”.

I see real-life examples that confirm my position every day at school: the growing indifference to moral values ​​of my peers from year to year, their lack of spirituality is truly alarming. It’s becoming less and less common to see a caring teacher who comes into the classroom with the desire to teach the children something, and not just teach another lesson and go home quickly. This state of affairs causes sadness, because it is the teacher who can instill in the child the first basics of “humanity.”

For example, it is worth recalling the work of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin “French Lessons”. Lidia Mikhailovna, in order to somehow help the boy who did not want to take money and food from her, began to play wall with him for money. When the director found out about this, she lost her job, but the teacher’s act became a lesson in kindness and understanding for the boy for the rest of his life.

Once upon a time, Aristotle said: “Whoever advances in science, but lags behind in morality, goes backward rather than forward.” The philosopher’s words perfectly reflect the situation of current education, which is so in need of morality.

7. The problem of educating true masters of art (according to L.P. Mozgovoy)

Why is it necessary to take the education of artists seriously? This question cannot be answered unambiguously. Perhaps this is why Mozgovoy turns to the problem of educating true masters of art.

This problem is very acute in modern society. After all, art has always played one of the most important roles in our world. Many people, after graduating from school, strive to devote their lives to art. More and more educational institutions that train actors, musicians, singers, and artists appear every year. However, some believe that six months is enough to become the best in the performing arts profession. Others are sure that true talent comes after time and that a lot of effort must be spent in order for a talented singer, musician or actor to appear. The author of the text belongs to them.

Leonid Pavlovich Mozgovoy, considering the problem of educating true masters of the performing arts, comes to the conclusion that only truly talented actors, singers and musicians, who reach the heights of performing art at the cost of incredible work and patience, honing their skills for years, are able to convey to the mind and heart of the viewer precious words and music of great masters.

I completely share the author’s point of view. Indeed, how can you learn to be the best in your business in just six months? Especially when it comes to artists. After all, this is hard work that is achieved with great effort. And it is impossible to learn to sing, play a musical instrument or compose music in six months. After all, the main purpose of art is to sow “good, reasonable and eternal.” But you cannot learn this in a short period of time. And anyone who tries to convince us otherwise is simply not worthy of being called a true master of the performing arts.

Many Russian and foreign writers addressed the problem of the importance of serious education of artists. I am reminded of Gogol and his “Portrait”. One of the main characters was so eager to understand the essence of art that he devoted almost his entire life to it. At the end of his life, he wrote a true masterpiece, although his path was not distinguished by true glory. And the famous artist Raphael studied art all his life, even when he became famous. And now we never cease to admire his work!

Thus, it is necessary to take the education of artists seriously. It is necessary to put in a lot of effort to become a true servant of art and delight others with your masterpieces. Otherwise, nothing good will simply happen.

8. Moral values ​​(according to Kryukov)

Does a person accurately assess his abilities? What can a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-esteem lead to? What is the true worth of a person?

According to the author, each person must occupy a place corresponding to his capabilities, otherwise his activities will only bring harm. Kryukov believes that one must be able to assert one’s “I” in such a way as not to cause condemnation from others. Using the example of the proud pharaoh, the author focuses our attention on the fact that everything secret always becomes clear - the true value of a person is sooner or later revealed anyway.

Every person is looking for his place in life. The way Nikolka from Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard” does this - his actions, the moral values ​​that he adheres to - all this is an example of the path to the intended goal of a noble person. “Not a single person should break his word of honor, because it will be impossible to live in the world,” Nikolka believed. It doesn’t matter what exactly this man achieved in life, the main thing is that he moved forward, remaining a man of honor.

But, unfortunately, not all people go to their intended goal along the righteous path. An example of a life path built solely on lies, cruelty and atrocities is the path to power of Lavrentiy Beria. This man considered all people beneath him and tried to belittle them at any opportunity. For Beria, it was important in life to win at any cost, by any means, at any cost, even dishonestly.

If we want to achieve something in life and at the same time not lose the respect of the people around us, we must correctly assess our abilities, be honest and conscientious...

9. Art (according to G.I. Uspensky)

What influence does true art have on a person? Is it capable of morally transforming him? The author of the text makes us think about these questions.

G.I. Uspensky in this text reflects on the role of art. He talks about how he accidentally went into the Louvre and saw the statue of Venus de Milo. He looked at her for a long time, as if spellbound, feeling genuine joy within himself. Something unusual happened to him at that moment. After this meeting, G. Uspensky changed a lot.

In the story by A.I. Kuprin’s “Taper”, the main character Yura Azagarov, with his brilliant piano playing, interested A.G. Rubinstein. At the end of this story, the reader understands that everything in Yura’s life is going well thanks to his love of art.

One of Anna Akhmatova’s poems “Solitude” is dedicated to the theme of art. According to the poetess, love for beauty can heal a person, bring him out of the circle of encircling interests and passions, depression and despondency. And lead to a wonderful wise life.

...So many stones have been thrown at me, - That not one of them is scary anymore, And the trap has become a slender tower, High, among the tall towers...

After reading the article, I realized how great the role of art is in making our world kinder and better. After all, as the great F. Dostoevsky said, “Beauty will save the world.”

10. The fate of the book (book or Internet?) (according to S. Curius)

Book or Internet? What does modern society choose? What is the advantage of library information over computer information? What is the fate of the book? S. Kurii reflects on this in his article.

S. Curius in this text raises the problem of the future of the book. This problem posed by S. Curie is very relevant in modern society. Television, computers, and the Internet, of course, make work easier in many ways, and they have their own advantages. But only a book can awaken real feelings in the reader.

The facts that we encounter every day speak in favor of the author’s position. Let's remember how, as a child, my mother read a bedtime story. At this time we begin to get acquainted with the book. Thanks to her, we can be transported to unknown places, meet amazing characters, and accomplish great feats. What feelings visited us? Only bright, joyful, carefree. Only a book can do this.

Humanity has achieved enormous success in its development: a computer, a telephone, a robot, a conquered atom... But a strange thing: the stronger a person becomes, the more anxious the expectation of the future. What will happen to us? Where are we going? Let's imagine an inexperienced driver driving his brand new car at breakneck speed. How pleasant it is to feel the speed, how pleasant it is to realize that a powerful motor is subject to your every movement! But suddenly the driver realizes with horror that he cannot stop his car. Humanity is like this young driver who rushes into an unknown distance, not knowing what lurks there, around the bend.

Thus, in our time, a computer makes a person’s life more comfortable and convenient, but a book will always remain a “selfless and faithful friend.”

11. Can a computer and the Internet supplant books (according to K. Zhurenkov)

“Computer” and “Internet” are two concepts that have become firmly entrenched in our lives, they have become an integral part of it, without which it is now almost impossible to imagine human existence.

It is the problem of the book being replaced by the computer and the Internet that the author of the source text addresses. K. Zhurenkov discusses the pros and cons of the Internet, asserting its necessity as a reference tool. The author considers e-mail to be its undoubted advantage, which is actively reviving the epistolary genre. In addition, Zhurenkov is confident that the Internet can be used to teach improvisation and composition, but nothing more.

The author, not without reason, believes that the book, no matter what, will continue to exist, since it has undoubted advantages: firstly, paper is more durable, secondly, it does not require a power source, thirdly, viruses will not “eat” it and will not be erased by an inattentive user; fourthly, the book cannot freeze in the most interesting place.

Continuing to reflect on the issue raised, I would like to give other arguments in favor of books. In addition to the opportunity discussed above to come into contact with the characters and the author of a work through the pages, there is another aspect that advocates for paper media: by turning over the pages and looking at them, we imprint in our memory not only the text, but also the images that arise in our imagination in connection with each new leaf. The monitor does not allow you to manually turn the page, and, consequently, the tangible imagery, so important for memorizing and understanding a work of art, disappears.

It is absolutely impossible not to mention the greater eye fatigue caused by even the most modern screen, which, in addition to harm to health, also reduces the level of perception of information from the computer and the Internet.

In conclusion, I would like to quote the author of the original text, who, in my opinion, uses a truly ingenious comparison that simultaneously expresses the essence of the real problem and its solution: “It is one thing to have music completed and fixed on a tape or other medium, and quite another thing to consider jazz as improvisation that is not driven into boundaries.”

12.Book (according to Etoev)

Book...What is it for you? Good advisor or plain bound paper? For some, this is the world. And even life.

What is the significance of the book in the fate of a person? How can your first books influence your future life path? Etoev reflects on these pressing issues in his text.

In world and Russian literature there are many examples in which the problem given in the text is reflected - “The Golden Rose” by Paustovsky, “Childhood” by Gorky, “Jane Eyre” by Bronte, articles by Arakcheev, Astafiev, Genis... This series can be continued for a long time. But it is worth paying special attention to one of Likhachev’s “Letters about the good and the beautiful”: the publicist tells how he and his family loved to read Leskov and Mamin-Sibiryak, and that the books of these authors influenced his further work.

In addition, it can be said that one book can influence the course of history. For example, Adolf Hitler grew up in a religious, believing family, but after reading the book “As Spoke Zarathustra” by Nietzsche, he changed his attitude towards the world towards Nazism and fascism.

Thus, the book is our teacher, mentor, our guiding star with which we walk through life. Our principles and beliefs depend on which book we choose as a reference book. That is why it plays an important role in our lives.

13.About the book (according to D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

A book is a “companion” of our life. Since childhood, she has been answering the most important questions: “What is “good” and what is “bad”? D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak raises the problem of the significance and necessity of books in the life of every person.

This problem is unconditional, relevant and exists. Mamin-Sibiryak proves this by telling us how the book is a ray of sunshine in a cloudy sky when it answers the most tricky questions.

D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak is a publicist and philosopher. He says with trepidation that “...every Danish book is something alive, because it awakens a child’s soul...” The author draws the reader’s attention to the unknown forces of the book that make millions of children’s hearts beat.

It is difficult to disagree with the author of the text. A book is an intermediary between those people who know everything and those who want to know something. Smart people trust their knowledge to paper and write books. A person can die, but his skills will live forever on the pages of books.

For example, Evgeny Bazarov (the main character of the story “Fathers and Sons”) constantly turned to foreign textbooks in order to become a master of his craft, to become a skilled doctor. The nihilist was confident that he would highlight useful information for himself that he needed to achieve his main goal.

Today, alas, “bound paper” is not as relevant as it used to be. The book was one of the methods of spending leisure time. Now it has been replaced by a computer and the Internet.

14.About the book (according to A. Adamovich and D. Granin)

The book helps us in difficult situations, teaches us to think correctly and express our thoughts, and is a means of entertainment and leisure. But is it as relevant now as it was in the past, as in those wonderful times when reading books was considered the most desirable pleasure?

In their narration, the authors A. Adamovich and D. Granin try to convey to readers the fact that the book at all times, even the most difficult and terrible, has found its justified use. It is useful for a person in any case: be it leisure, study, everyday life. This is especially confirmed by the fact stated by the authors that in moments of despair and difficulties people used the book as a source of warmth, and in more favorable times they were very keen on reading. That is, the book was always needed.

However, time passes. Everything is changing at crazy speed. The old is being replaced by something new, more interesting and easier to use. So the book was replaced by television, and a little later the Internet. I think everyone will agree with me that, upon arriving home, it is much easier and more convenient to turn on the TV and properly relax, rather than straining your already tired eyesight by reading. That's what we do. We are accustomed to the means of “luxury,” civilization, and modern technology.

I was very struck by the story I recently read by V. Nekrasov, “Dedicated to Hemingway.” Namely, I was struck by that boy, Leshka, who, even during the war, read almost always and everywhere: “Everything upstairs was buzzing, shooting, bursting, and he sat with his legs crossed and read.” The book was his best friend, and for that he was known and respected. People like Leshka are called well-read, and are respected at all times. They are admired to this day. And most of us only read labels and newspaper gossip.

How do teenagers understand the laws by which modern society lives?

Text: Anna Chainikova, teacher of Russian and literature, school No. 171
Photo: proza.ru

Next week, graduates will test their skills in analyzing literary works. Will they be able to open up the topic? Find the right arguments? Will they fit into the evaluation criteria? We'll find out very soon. In the meantime, we offer you an analysis of the fifth thematic area - “Man and Society”. You still have time to take advantage of our advice.

FIPI comment:

For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual can also influence society. Topics will allow you to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.

Vocabulary work

Explanatory dictionary by T. F. Efremova:
MAN - 1. A living creature, unlike an animal, possessing the gift of speech, thought and the ability to produce tools and use them. 2. The bearer of any qualities, properties (usually with a definition); personality.
SOCIETY - 1. A set of people united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. 2. A circle of people united by a common position, origin, interests. 3. The circle of people with whom someone is in close communication; Wednesday.

Synonyms
Human: personality, individual.
Society: society, environment, surroundings.

Man and society are closely interconnected and cannot exist without each other. Man is a social being, he was created for society and has been in it since early childhood. It is society that develops and shapes a person; in many ways, it is the environment and surroundings that determine what a person will become. If, for various reasons (conscious choice, accident, expulsion and isolation used as punishment), a person finds himself outside of society, he loses a part of himself, feels lost, experiences loneliness, and often degrades.

The problem of interaction between the individual and society worried many writers and poets. What might this relationship be like? What are they built on?

Relationships can be harmonious when a person and society are in unity; they can be built on confrontation, the struggle of the individual and society, or they can also be based on open, irreconcilable conflict.

Often heroes challenge society and oppose themselves to the world. In literature, this is especially common in works of the Romantic era.

In the story "Old Woman Izergil" Maxim Gorky, telling the story of Larra, invites the reader to think about the question of whether a person can exist outside of society. The son of a proud, free eagle and an earthly woman, Larra despises the laws of society and the people who invented them. The young man considers himself exceptional, does not recognize authorities and does not see the need for people: “...he, boldly looking at them, answered that there were no more people like him; and if everyone honors them, he doesn’t want to do that.”. Disregarding the laws of the tribe in which he finds himself, Larra continues to live as he lived before, but refusal to obey the norms of society entails expulsion. The elders of the tribe say to the daring young man: “He has no place among us! Let him go wherever he wants“- but this only makes the proud eagle’s son laugh, because he is used to freedom and does not consider loneliness a punishment. But can freedom become burdensome? Yes, turning into loneliness, it will become a punishment, says Maxim Gorky. Coming up with a punishment for killing a girl, choosing from the most severe and cruel ones, the tribe cannot choose one that will satisfy everyone. “There is punishment. This is a terrible punishment; You wouldn’t invent something like this in a thousand years! His punishment is in himself! Let him go, let him be free.", says the sage. The name Larra is symbolic: "outcast, thrown out".

Why did what at first made Larra laugh, “who remained free like his father,” turned into suffering and turned out to be a real punishment? Man is a social being, therefore he cannot live outside of society, Gorky claims, and Larra, although he was the son of an eagle, was still half a man. “There was so much melancholy in his eyes that it could have poisoned all the people of the world with it. So, from that time on he was left alone, free, awaiting death. And so he walks, walks everywhere... You see, he has already become like a shadow and will be like that forever! He doesn't understand people's speech or their actions - nothing. And he keeps searching, walking, walking... He has no life, and death does not smile at him. And there is no place for him among people... That’s how the man was struck for his pride!” Isolated from society, Larra seeks death, but does not find it. Saying “his punishment is in himself,” the sages who comprehended the social nature of man predicted a painful test of loneliness and isolation for the proud young man who challenged society. The way Larra suffers only confirms the idea that a person cannot exist outside of society.

The hero of another legend, told by the old woman Izergil, is Danko, the absolute opposite of Larra. Danko does not oppose himself to society, but merges with it. At the cost of his own life, he saves desperate people, leads them out of the impenetrable forest, illuminating the path with his burning heart, torn out of his chest. Danko accomplishes a feat not because he expects gratitude and praise, but because he loves people. His act is selfless and altruistic. He exists for the sake of people and their good, and even in those moments when the people who followed him shower him with reproaches and indignation boils in his heart, Danko does not turn away from them: “He loved people and thought that maybe they would die without him.”. “What will I do for people?!”- the hero exclaims, tearing out his flaming heart from his chest.
Danko is an example of nobility and great love for people. It is this romantic hero who becomes Gorky's ideal. A person, according to the writer, should live with people and for the sake of people, not withdraw into himself, not be a selfish individualist, and he can only be happy in society.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people

• All roads lead to people. (A. de Saint-Exupéry)
• Man is created for society. He is unable and does not have the courage to live alone. (W. Blackstone)
• Nature creates man, but society develops and shapes him. (V. G. Belinsky)
• Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other. (Seneca)
• Anyone who loves solitude is either a wild animal or the Lord God. (F. Bacon)
• Man is created to live in society; separate him from him, isolate him - his thoughts will become confused, his character will harden, hundreds of absurd passions will arise in his soul, extravagant ideas will sprout in his brain like wild thorns in a wasteland. (D. Diderot)
• Society is like air: it is necessary for breathing, but not enough for life. (D. Santayana)
• There is no more bitter and humiliating dependence than dependence on the human will, on the arbitrariness of one’s equals. (N. A. Berdyaev)
• You should not rely on public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but will-o'-the-wisps. (A. Maurois)
• Every generation tends to consider itself called upon to remake the world. (A. Camus)

What questions are worth thinking about?

• What is the conflict between man and society?
• Can an individual win a fight against society?
• Can a person change society?
• Can a person exist outside of society?
• Can a person remain civilized outside of society?
• What happens to a person cut off from society?
• Can a person become an individual in isolation from society?
• Why is it important to maintain individuality?
• Is it necessary to express your opinion if it differs from the majority opinion?
• What is more important: personal interests or the interests of society?
• Is it possible to live in society and be free from it?
• What does violating social norms lead to?
• What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?
• Is a person responsible to society for his actions?
• What does society's indifference to people lead to?
• How does society treat people who are very different from it?

(352 words) Our society is completely unpredictable: sometimes we meet interesting people with whom we can have a sincere conversation, and sometimes we may come across a person with whom it is not very pleasant to deal. The latter can be repulsive in appearance or, for example, alarming with their reasoning or actions, in a word, suggest that they are dangerous to society. Unfortunately, dubious characters are found not only in literature, but also in life we ​​are not immune from encounters with suspicious individuals. But what kind of person can be considered dangerous to society? Russian classical literature gives us a couple of examples.

Let's turn to Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time", and specifically to the main character of the work - Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin. Although the young disillusioned nobleman is smart and courageous, he is still too contradictory. Each time Pechorin steadily moves towards his goal, then reaches it and is disappointed. He thinks a lot about his character and analyzes his actions, so sometimes he even understands that he does not treat others with respect. However, every time he searches for something to bring himself back to life, the hero again and again causes suffering to people. By seeking the love of Bela and Mary and turning away from them, he rather tried to dispel boredom, which, of course, does not evoke much sympathy in him. The reader simply understands that in life such people are really dangerous to society, because for the sake of self-satisfaction they are ready to ruin the destinies of those around them.

Another example: let us remember Raskolnikov’s theory, which appears in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, according to which people are divided into ordinary and extraordinary people. The former may be victims of the latter, who seem to be allowed to kill in the name of a good cause. Of course, the reader comes to the author’s conclusion that the theory is inhumane, but Dostoevsky gives us an excellent example of the embodiment of this very theory in the person of the hero Svidrigailov. In addition to the unpleasant situation with Dunya, Arkady Ivanovich remains suspected of murdering his own wife, and at first glance it seems that he really is not tormented by his conscience, but it is his past sins that push him to commit suicide. Such a person is dangerous because he has no moral principles.

It is precisely such people, who treat others without due respect, that are dangerous to society, because they put their interests above everything else. In literature, the fates of both Pechorin and Svidrigailov turn out sadly, therefore, in order to calm down, the reader can only try to have less contact with such individuals or not contact them at all.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

The color is lumpy or goat? Like you can do whatever you want. Every shepherd naively thinks that she is someone. Thinks that justice does not exist. They are very naive. And justice comes because the country knows its heroes, remembers them, and is waiting for the opportunity to fuck them. For owners, they are consumables. A used shepherd dog can only hope for the mercy of its owners. What happened to me during my time in prison? I sat in the glass four times. The glass is a meter by meter room; they can keep it there for up to 10 hours. It’s especially bad in winter, since this thing has no heating. Summer has its own nasty things - since you have to urinate under your feet, the stench is so bad that it hurts your eyes. Once - for smoking in an unauthorized place. Once for oversleeping the conclusion. Those. fell asleep in the locker room on the tram, did not come to the exit from the industrial area. (From the industrial zone to the residential zone) The other two times, one might say, not without pride, let’s get down to business.

Man and society in the work Crime and Punishment (cm)?

Important

It all depends on the self-sufficiency that he acquired (managed to acquire) before his voyage. Only on it can he rely, only on it do his real possibilities lie.

And self-sufficiency is, first of all, integrity of beliefs... (That is, the strength of the relationship between the logical and emotional components of consciousness and the unconscious - and this is their joining at certain points (conditional), which can be called reference mental coordinates) Please note - I do not use the term “subconscious”. The usual, universal reference coordinate of the psyche , which can be represented as “I live”, everything that happens around me in prison usually quickly demolishes... What is it – “I live”? And this is receiving pleasant emotions from your being. A person lives to receive these emotions and he often succeeds.

What kind of person can be called dangerous to society? (final essay)

This is despite the fact that our transit hut was even more crowded than the investigative hut, there was simply nowhere for an apple to fall, we slept in four shifts of two people. To top it all off, walking was banned. I have a medical education, people asked what I thought - and I told everyone that this is bullshit, you won’t catch any diphtheria in these corridors on the way to the exercise yard.

Attention

Then, one pepper named Cousin suggested going on a hunger strike. (In a fight, the cousin hit his opponent in the head with his fist, and he took it and died, just a fight, just one was unlucky. The cousin didn’t hit him again... after he fell, it doesn’t matter - five years.

What kind of person can be considered dangerous to society?

Info

Raskolnikov provides a lot of theoretical evidence for this act - he formulates an entire theory justifying the murder. According to it, a certain part of humanity can cross the moral line, commit any crimes, because these people are the “chosen ones.”

With the help of murder, the hero decides to check whether he is one of them. In addition, he justifies himself by the fact that he will accomplish a social good by killing the “bloodsucker” moneylender. Even before the murder itself, only after making a decision, Raskolnikov begins to pay for it. He has dreams (a dream with a horse), in which the inner, “human” nature of the hero protests against the killing of a living creature. Further, during the murder itself, not only the old money-lender, but also her sister, the meek Lizaveta, falls under Raskolnikov’s ax.

Raskolnikov's theory - social and philosophical origins of the theory and its meaning

The hero realizes that he is a criminal - not only according to human laws, but also according to God's laws. Raskolnikov is guilty not only of the death of other people, but also of the murder of his own soul, which could not bear the atrocities committed by him.
Thus, F. Dostoevsky in his novel “Crime and Punishment” says that a person always has freedom of choice. However, any freedom must be approached very responsibly, because the severity of the consequences of wrong actions falls entirely on the shoulders of the person who made the wrong decision.
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Little People in Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment"

The work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” has become one of the most important books of Russian classical literature. It carries a very important meaning, since it refers not just to books of fiction, but is deservedly considered a philosophical masterpiece.
"Little people" play the most important role in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. “Little People” The theme of the “little man” in Crime and Punishment plays almost a leading role. If you look and carefully analyze the heroes of the work, you will notice that almost all the characters in the book point out to the reader the vital character traits of a person.
In general, speaking about the “little people” in the novel “Crime and Punishment,” it must be said that Fyodor Mikhailovich identified several criteria that distinguish these heroes from others.

Crime and Punishment. society and people

As a rule, most often such self-awareness occurs unconsciously. This is where the “dog is buried” in the relationship to society. The unconscious knows a lot that the conscious mind does not know.

It knows that man is a product of society, created by it. It knows that society, having created it, doomed it to a certain fate.

But here he faces a dilemma - why is he personally responsible for this society? Why did it groom him, cherish him, and then condemn him to “scapegoat”? This is precisely the root of the reason that follows after the conclusion of a relationship - a former prisoner - society. Sooner or later, revenge “shoots”. And woe (to anyone, including the former prisoner himself, if he doesn’t know this in himself) to anyone who turns up. There is also an option when a former prisoner “goes on the warpath” with society. Your society is naive in thinking about correction.

That state of semi-madness, clouding of mind, in which the hero was on the day of the crime, suggests that Raskolnikov’s actions were guided by some other force not associated with his consciousness. On the day of the crime, Raskolnikov acted “completely mechanically: as if someone took him by the hand and dragged him along, irresistibly, blindly, with unnatural strength, without objection.

It was as if a piece of clothing had gotten into a car wheel and was being pulled in." And also, “barely feeling himself and almost without effort, almost mechanically,” he killed. Moreover, the very fact of the crime was preceded by a number of interconnected circumstances that only strengthened Raskolnikov’s desire to do at least something. From the first pages we learn that Raskolnikov was crushed by poverty, so much so that he stopped even fighting against these circumstances.

What kind of person is dangerous to society? crime and punishment

Raskolnikov, a former law student, “left the university for lack of anything to support himself,” and was forced to earn a living by giving penny lessons. When “lessons and other means ceased,” Raskolnikov had to pawn the most valuable things he had and the things dearest to him - his father’s old watch and a gold ring given by his sister as a souvenir.
“Overwhelmed by poverty,” he did not have his own home, but rented a closet from the tenants, “more like a closet or chest,” a tiny cell, being in which “it became creepy, and his eyes and thoughts involuntarily asked for space.” Moreover, he “owed everything to the mistress” and was constantly hiding from her. Having almost no means of subsistence, he sometimes ate nothing for several days, and “was dressed so poorly that some<… посовестился бы днём выходить в таких лохмотьях на улицу».

For example, any teacher legitimately assumes that he is doing a useful job - and even if he does not feel it acutely, he still has a background of self-worth. These emotions are the meaning of any individual life. And here, he is faced with the fact that all this did not belong to him in reality, but was graciously provided by... whoever he was there before.

That everything he enjoyed and built his life on was nothing more than self-deception. It’s just that before he was covered from him by self-defenses. Any socially acceptable self-defense here has a completely different significance. You can’t tell - I was awarded (for example, an order), so I need to be respected. In an argument - I am a professor there of such and such sciences - it is not an argument.
I believe that a selfish person who does not obey the moral principles of society and has low social responsibility can be dangerous to society. Often society creates such a person, because historically established moral norms and rights shape a person’s mind and influence his future. This influence can be negative. Works of fiction convince me of this. Rodion Raskolnikov, the hero of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment,” is dangerous to society. At first, he nurtured the theory “about the mighty of this world” and “trembling creatures,” according to which everything is permitted to some, while others are limited in their capabilities and rights. To prove his involvement in the first category of people, he decides to kill, thereby violating public law and the commandment of God’s law: “Thou shalt not kill.”

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Man and Society".

Man in a totalitarian society.

A person in a totalitarian society, as a rule, is deprived of even those freedoms that are given to everyone from birth. For example, the heroes of E. Zamyatin’s novel “We” are people devoid of individuality. In the world described by the author, there is no place for freedom, love, true art, or family. The reasons for this arrangement lie in the fact that a totalitarian state implies unquestioning submission, and for this it is necessary to deprive people of everything. Such people are easier to manage; they will not protest and question what the state tells them.

In a totalitarian world, a person is trampled by the machine of the state, grinds all his dreams and desires, and subordinates him to its plans. A person's life is worth nothing. But one of the important levers of control is ideology. All residents of the United State serve one main mission - to send the Integral spaceship to tell about their ideal structure. Mechanically verified art and free love deprive a person of genuine connections with others like him. Such a person can completely calmly betray anyone who is next to him.

The main character of the novel D-503 is horrified to discover a terrible illness: he has developed a soul. It was as if he had woken up from a long sleep, fell in love with a woman, and wanted to change something in the unjust system. After that, he became dangerous for the totalitarian state, because he undermined the usual order and disrupted the plans of the head of state, the Benefactor.

This work shows the tragic fate of an individual in a totalitarian society and warns that a person’s individuality, his soul, his family are the most important things in everyone’s life. If a person is deprived of all this, then he will turn into a soulless machine, submissive, not knowing happiness, ready to die for the sake of the unsightly goals of the state.

Social norms. Why are social norms and orders needed? What does violating social norms lead to?

Norms are rules that exist to maintain order in society. What are they for? The answer is simple: in order to regulate relations between people. There is one very famous saying, it says: the freedom of one person begins where the freedom of another begins. So social norms serve precisely to ensure that no one can encroach on the freedom of another person. If people begin to violate generally accepted rules, then a person will begin to destroy his own kind and the world around him.

Thus, the novel “Lord of the Flies” by W. Golding tells the story of a group of boys who find themselves on a desert island. Since there was not a single adult among them, they had to arrange their own lives. There were two candidates for the leadership position: Jack and Ralph. Ralph was chosen by vote and immediately proposed establishing a set of rules. For example, he wanted to divide responsibilities: half of the guys should look after the fire, half should hunt. However, not everyone was happy about the order: over time, society splits into two camps - those who personify reason, law and order (Piggy, Ralph, Simon), and those who represent the blind force of destruction (Jack, Roger and other hunters).

After some time, most of the guys find themselves in Jack's camp, where there are no norms. A pack of crazy boys shouting “cut your throat” mistake Simon for an animal in the dark and kill him. Piggy becomes the next victim of the atrocities. Children are becoming less and less like people. Even the rescue at the end of the novel looks tragic: the guys were unable to create a full-fledged society and lost two comrades. It's all due to the lack of standards of behavior. The anarchy of Jack and his “tribesmen” led to a terrible result, although everything could have turned out differently.

Is society responsible for every person? Why should society help the disadvantaged? What is equality in society?

Equality in society should concern all people. Unfortunately, in real life this is unattainable. Thus, in M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” the focus is on people who find themselves “on the sidelines” of life. The company consists of a hereditary thief, a card sharper, a prostitute, a drunken actor and many others. These people are forced to live in a shelter for various reasons. Many of them have already lost hope for a bright future. But are these people pitiable? It seems that they themselves are to blame for their troubles. However, a new hero appears in the shelter - old man Luka, who shows sympathy for them, his speeches have a strong effect on the inhabitants of the shelter. Luke gives people hope that they can choose their own path in life, that all is not lost. Life in the shelter changes: the actor stops drinking and seriously thinks about returning to the stage, Vaska Pepel discovers a desire for honest work, Nastya and Anna dream of a better life. Soon Luka leaves, leaving the unfortunate inhabitants of the shelter with their dreams. His departure is associated with the collapse of their hopes, the fire in their soul goes out again, they cease to believe in their strength. The climax of the moment is the suicide of the Actor, who has lost all faith in a life different from this one. Of course, Luke lied to people out of pity. A lie, even for salvation, cannot solve all problems, but his arrival showed us that these people dream of changing, they did not choose this path. Society should help those who need help. We are responsible for every person. Among those who find themselves on the “day of life” there are many people who want to change their lives, they just need a little help and understanding.

What is tolerance?

Tolerance is a multifaceted concept. Many people do not understand the true meaning of this word, narrowing it down. The basis of tolerance is the right to expression of thoughts and personal freedom of every person: both children and adults. To be tolerant means to be caring, but not to show aggression, but to be tolerant of people with different worldviews, customs and traditions. Conflict in an intolerant society is the basis of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The story is told on behalf of a nine-year-old girl, the daughter of a lawyer defending a black guy. Tom is accused of a brutal crime that he did not commit. Not only the court, but also local residents are against the young man and want to carry out reprisals against him. Fortunately, lawyer Atticus is able to look at the situation sensibly. He defends the accused to the last, tries to prove his innocence in court, and rejoices at every step that brings him closer to victory. Despite substantial evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. This means only one thing: the intolerant attitude of society cannot be changed even by weighty arguments. Faith in justice is completely undermined when Tom is killed while trying to escape. The writer shows us how much the opinion of an individual is influenced by public consciousness.

By his actions, Atticus puts himself and his children in a dangerous position, but still does not give up the truth.

Harper Lee described a small town at the beginning of the 20th century, but, unfortunately, this problem does not depend on geography and time, it is deep inside a person. There will always be people who are different from others, so tolerance must be learned, only then will people be able to live in peace with each other.

What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?

A person is part of society, so he can succumb to its influence or influence it. A person dangerous to society can be called one who, by his actions or words, violates laws, including moral ones. So, in the novel by D.M. Dostoevsky has such heroes. Of course, first of all, everyone remembers Raskolnikov, whose theory led to the death of several people and made his loved ones unhappy. But Rodion paid for his actions, he was sent to Siberia, while Svidrigailov was not accused of crimes. This vicious, dishonest man knew how to pretend and appear decent. Under the mask of decency was a murderer, on whose conscience were the lives of several people. Another character dangerous to people is Luzhin, a fan of the theory of individualism. This theory says: everyone should take care only of themselves, then society will be happy. However, his theory is not as harmless as it seems at first glance. In essence, he justifies any crime in the name of personal benefit. Despite the fact that Luzhin did not kill anyone, he unfairly accused Sonya Marmeladova of theft, thereby putting himself on a par with Rakolnikov and Svidrigailov. His actions can be called dangerous for society. The described characters are a little similar in their theories, because they believe that for the sake of “good” one can commit a bad act. However, crimes cannot be justified by good intentions; evil only gives birth to evil.

Do you agree with the statement of G.K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something of all people.”

Of course, everyone is different. Everyone has their own temperament, character, destiny. However, in my opinion, there is something that unites us - the ability to dream. M. Gorky's play “At the Bottom” shows the life of people who have forgotten how to dream; they simply live their lives day after day, not understanding the meaning of their existence. These unfortunate inhabitants of the shelter are at the “bottom” of life, where no ray of hope breaks through. At first glance, it may seem that they have nothing in common with other people; they are all thieves and drunkards, dishonest people who are only capable of meanness. But reading page after page, you can see that everyone’s life was once different, but circumstances drove them to the Kostylevs’ shelter, who themselves were not far from the guests. With the arrival of a new tenant, Luka, everything changes. He feels sorry for them, and this warmth awakens a glimmer of hope. The residents of the shelter remember their dreams and goals: Vaska Pepel wants to move to Siberia and live an honest life, the Actor wants to return to the stage, even stops drinking, the dying Anna, tired of suffering on earth, is encouraged by the thought that after death she will find peace. Unfortunately, the heroes' dreams are crushed when Luka leaves. In reality, they did nothing to change their situation. However, the very fact that they wanted to change cannot but rejoice. The night shelters have not ceased to be people, despite the trials that befell them in life, and somewhere in the depths of their souls live ordinary people who simply want to enjoy life. Thus, the ability to throw unites such different people who, by the will of fate, find themselves in one place.

Onegin's personality was formed in the St. Petersburg secular environment. In the prehistory, Pushkin noted the social factors that influenced the character of Eugene: belonging to the highest stratum of the nobility, the usual upbringing, training for this circle, the first steps in the world, the experience of a “monotonous and motley” life, the life of a “free nobleman” not burdened with service - vain, carefree, full of entertainment and romance novels.

Conflict between man and society. How does society influence a person? What is the conflict between man and society? Is it difficult to maintain individuality in a team? Why is it important to maintain individuality?

Onegin's character and life are shown in motion. Already in the first chapter you can see how a bright, extraordinary personality suddenly emerged from a faceless crowd that demanded unconditional obedience.

Onegin's seclusion - his undeclared conflict with the world and with the society of noble landowners - only at first glance seems to be a quirk caused by “boredom”, disappointment in the “science of tender passion”. Pushkin emphasizes that Onegin’s “inimitable strangeness” is a kind of protest against social and spiritual dogmas that suppress a person’s personality, depriving him of the right to be himself.

The emptiness of the hero’s soul was a consequence of the emptiness and emptiness of secular life. is looking for new spiritual values, a new path: in St. Petersburg and in the countryside, he diligently reads books, communicates with a few like-minded people (the author and Lensky). In the village, he even tries to change the order, replacing corvee with light rent.

Dependence on public opinion. Is it possible to become free from public opinion? Is it possible to live in society and be free from it? Confirm or refute Stahl’s statement: “We cannot be sure of our behavior or our well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinions.” Why is it important to maintain individuality?

Often a person finds himself deeply dependent on public opinion. Sometimes you have to go a long way to free yourself from the shackles of society.

Onegin's search for new life truths lasted for many years and remained unfinished. frees himself from old ideas about life, but the past does not let him go. It seems that you are the master of your life, but this is only an illusion. All his life he is haunted by mental laziness and cold skepticism, as well as dependence on public opinion. However, it is difficult to call Onegin a victim of society. By changing his lifestyle, he accepted responsibility for his destiny. His further failures in life can no longer be justified by dependence on society.

What is the conflict between man and society? What happens to a person cut off from society?

Do you agree that society shapes a person?

A conflict between a person and society appears when a strong, bright personality cannot obey the rules of society. So, Gregory, the main mountain of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” is an extraordinary personality who challenges moral laws. He is the “hero” of his generation, having absorbed its worst vices. The young officer, endowed with a sharp mind and attractive appearance, treats the people around him with disdain and boredom; they seem pitiful and funny to him. He feels useless. In vain attempts to find himself, he brings only suffering to people who care about him. At first glance, it may seem that Pechorin is an extremely negative character, but, consistently plunging into the thoughts and feelings of the hero, we see that it is not only he himself who is to blame, but also the society that gave birth to him. In his own way, he is drawn to people, unfortunately, society rejects his best impulses. In the chapter “Princess Mary” you can see several such episodes. The friendly relationship between Pechorin and Grushnitsky turns into rivalry and enmity. Grushnitsky, suffering from wounded pride, acts vilely: he shoots at an unarmed man and wounds him in the leg. However, even after the shot, Pechorin gives Grushnitsky a chance to act with dignity, he is ready to forgive him, he wants an apology, but the latter’s pride turns out to be stronger. Dr. Werner, who plays the role of his second, is almost the only person who understands Pechorin. But even he, having learned about the publicity of the duel, does not support the main character, only advises him to leave the city. Human pettiness and hypocrisy harden Gregory, making him incapable of love and friendship. Thus, Pechorin’s conflict with society was that the main character refused to pretend and hide his vices, like a mirror showing a portrait of the entire generation, for which society rejected him.

Can a person exist outside of society? There is safety in numbers?

A person cannot exist outside of society. Being a social creature, man needs people. Thus, the hero of the novel M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" Grigory Pechorin comes into conflict with society. He does not accept the laws by which society lives, feeling falsehood and pretense. However, he cannot live without people, and, without noticing it, he instinctively reaches out to those around him. Not believing in friendship, he becomes close to Dr. Werner, and while playing with Mary’s feelings, he begins to realize with horror that he is falling in love with the girl. The main character deliberately pushes away people who care about him, justifying his behavior with his love of freedom. Pechorin does not understand that he needs people even more than they need him. Its ending is sad: a young officer dies alone on the road from Persia, having never found the meaning of his existence. In pursuit of satisfying his needs, he lost his vitality.

Man and society (how does society influence a person?) How does fashion influence a person? How do social factors influence the formation of personality?

Society has always dictated its own rules and laws of behavior. Sometimes these laws are simply wild, as we can observe in O. Henry's story "". “A savage of our day, born and raised in the wigwams of the Manhattan tribe,” Mr. Chandler tried to live according to the laws of a society where the main criterion for assessing a person was “meeting by clothes.” In such a society, everyone tried to show others that he was worthy of being in high society, poverty was considered a vice, and wealth was an achievement. It didn’t matter how this wealth was achieved, the main thing was to “show off.” Pretense, vanity and hypocrisy reigned around. The ridiculousness of such laws of society is shown by O. Henry, showing the “failure” of the main character. He missed out on the opportunity to be loved by a beautiful girl just because he tried to prove himself to be something he was not.

What is the role of personality in history?Can a personality change history? Does society need leaders?

The higher a person stands on the rungs of the social ladder, the more obvious is the predetermination and inevitability of his fate.

Tolstoy comes to the conclusion that “the tsar is a slave of history.” Tolstoy's contemporary historian Bogdanovich primarily pointed to the decisive role of Alexander the First in the victory over Napoleon, and completely discounted the role of the people and Kutuzov. Tolstoy’s goal was to debunk the role of the kings and show the role of the masses and the people’s commander Kutuzov. The writer reflects in the novel the moments of Kutuzov’s inaction. This is explained by the fact that Kutuzov cannot dispose of historical events at his own will. But he is given the opportunity to understand the actual course of events in which he participates. Kutuzov cannot understand the world-historical meaning of the war of 12, but he is aware of the significance of this event for his people, that is, he can be a conscious guide to the course of history. Kutuzov himself is close to the people, he feels the spirit of the army and can control this great force (Kutuzov’s main task during the Battle of Borodino was to raise the spirit of the army). Napoleon lacks understanding of the events taking place; he is a pawn in the hands of history. The image of Napoleon represents extreme individualism and selfishness. The selfish Napoleon acts like a blind man. He is not a great man; he cannot determine the moral meaning of an event due to his own limitations.

How does society influence the formation of goals?

From the very beginning of the story, all the thoughts of Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya and her son are directed towards one thing - the arrangement of their material well-being. For this sake, Anna Mikhailovna does not disdain either humiliating begging, or the use of brute force (the scene with the mosaic briefcase), or intrigue, etc. At first, Boris tries to resist his mother's will, but over time he realizes that the laws of the society in which they live are subject to only one rule - the one with power and money is right. Boris begins to “make a career.” He is not interested in serving the Fatherland; he prefers serving in those places where he can quickly move up the career ladder with minimal impact. For him there are neither sincere feelings (rejection of Natasha) nor sincere friendship (coldness towards the Rostovs, who did a lot for him). He even subordinates his marriage to this goal (description of his “melancholy service” with Julie Karagina, declaration of love to her through disgust, etc.). In the war of 12, Boris sees only court and staff intrigues and is only concerned with how to turn this to his advantage. Julie and Boris are quite happy with each other: Julie is flattered by the presence of a handsome husband who has made a brilliant career; Boris needs her money.

Can a person influence society?

A person can undoubtedly influence society, especially if he is a strong, strong-willed person. The main character of the novel I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is an excellent example that confirms my position. He denies social foundations, strives to “clear a place” for a future, properly organized life, and believes that the old rules are not needed in the new world. Bazarov comes into conflict with representatives of the “old” society - the Kirsanov brothers, whose main difference is that they both live in the world of feelings. Evgeny denies these feelings and ridicules them in others. Accustomed to struggling with everyday difficulties, he is unable to understand either Pavel Petrovich or Nikolai Petrovich. Bazarov does not obey social laws, he simply denies them. For Evgeniy, the possibility of unlimited personal freedom is indisputable: the “nihilist” is convinced that in his decisions aimed at remaking his life, a person is not morally bound by anything. However, he does not even try to change society, he does not have any plan of action. Despite this, his exceptional energy, strength of character and courage are infectious. His ideas become attractive to many representatives of the younger generation, both the noble class and the class of commoners. At the end of the work, we see how the ideals of the main character are crumbling, but even death is not able to stop the power that he and others like him awakened.

What does inequality in society lead to? Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and creates disagreement and hatred among them”? What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?

Inequality in society leads to a split in that very society. A striking example confirming my position is the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character of the work, Bazarov, is a representative of the commoner class. Unlike all nobles, he has the nature of an activist and fighter. Through tireless work he acquired fundamental knowledge in the natural sciences. Accustomed to relying only on his own mind and energy, he despises people who received everything only by birthright. The main character stands for a decisive break in the entire state and economic system of Russia. Bazarov is not alone in his thoughts; these ideas are beginning to dominate the minds of many people, even representatives of the nobility, who are beginning to realize the problems that are brewing in society. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Evgeniy’s opponent in the dispute between the warring parties, calls people like him ignorant “morons” who do not have popular support; he believes that their number is “four and a half people.” However, at the end of the work, Pavel Petrovich leaves Russia, thereby retreating from public life, admitting his defeat. He is unable to fight the spirit of revolutionary populism, with its hatred of the existing order. Representatives of the “traditional way” of life can no longer deny the existence of a problem, the split has already occurred, and the only question is how the warring parties will coexist in the new world.

In what situations does a person feel lonely in society? Can an individual win a fight against society? Is it difficult to defend your interests before society?

A person may feel lonelier when surrounded by people than when alone. This happens if the feelings, actions and way of thinking of such a person differ from the generally accepted norm. Some people adapt, and their loneliness is not noticeable, while others cannot come to terms with this state of affairs. Such a person is the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". smart, but he is characterized by excessive ardor and self-confidence. He excitedly defends his position, which turns everyone present against him, they even declare him crazy. It cannot be said that he is surrounded by stupid people. However, Famusov and the characters in his circle represent the ability to adapt to existing living conditions and extract maximum material benefit from them. but he feels lonely in a society of people who live by such laws and are capable of making a deal with their conscience. The caustic remarks of the main character cannot make people think that they may be wrong; on the contrary, they turn everyone against him. Thus, what makes a person lonely is his difference from others, his refusal to live according to the established rules of society.

How does society treat people who are very different from it? Can an individual win a fight against society?

Society rejects people who are different from it in one way or another. This happens to the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Unable to put up with the norms of public life, he pours out his indignation at the “rotten society of insignificant people”, boldly expresses his position in relation to serfdom, government, service, education and upbringing. But those around him do not understand or do not want to understand him. It’s easiest to ignore people like this, which is what Famus society does, accusing him of madness. His thoughts are dangerous for their usual way of life. Having agreed with the position in life, those around you will either have to admit that they are scoundrels or change. Neither one nor the other is acceptable to them, so the easiest way is to recognize such a person as insane and continue to enjoy their usual way of life.

How do you understand the phrase “little man”? Do you agree that society shapes a person? Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality degrades people”? Can any person be called a person? Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character?

The main character of the story A.P. Chekhov's "Death of an Official" Chervyakov exposes himself to humiliation and demonstrates a complete rejection of human dignity. Evil is presented in the story not in the form of a general who brought a person to such a state. The general is depicted in the work quite neutrally: he only reacts to the actions of another character. The problem of the little man is not with evil people, it is much deeper. Reverence and servility have become such a habit that people themselves are ready to defend their right to demonstrate respect and their insignificance at the cost of their lives. Chervyakov suffers not from humiliation, but from the fact that he fears an incorrect interpretation of his actions, from the fact that he may be suspected of disrespect for those who are higher in rank. “Do I dare laugh? If we laugh, then there will be no respect for people... there will be..."

How does society influence a person's opinion? Can any person be called a person? Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character?

Society, or rather the structure of society, plays a decisive role in the behavior of many people. A striking example of a person who thinks and acts according to the standard is the hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Chameleon".

We usually call a chameleon a person who is ready to constantly and instantly, to please circumstances, change his views to the exact opposite. For the main character in life, there is the most important rule: the interests of those in power are above all. The main character, who adheres to this rule, finds himself in a comical situation. Having witnessed a violation, he must take action and fine the owner of the dog that bit the person. During the proceedings, it turns out that the dog may belong to the general. Throughout the story, the answer to the question (“whose dog?”) changes five or six times, and the reaction of the police officer changes the same number of times. We don’t even see the general in the work, but his presence is felt physically, his mention plays the role of a decisive argument. The effect of power and force is more clearly revealed in the behavior of subordinate figures. They are the guardians of this system. The Chameleon has a conviction that determines all his actions, his understanding of “order”, which must be protected with all his might. Thus, we can conclude that society has a huge influence on a person’s opinion; moreover, a person who blindly believes in the rules of such a society is a building block of the system, preventing the vicious circle from breaking.

The problem of confrontation between personality and power. What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?
M.Yu. Lermontov. "A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov."

Conflict in “Song...” M.Yu. Lermontov takes place between Kalashnikov, whose image reflected the best features of a representative of the people, and the autocratic government in the person of Ivan the Terrible and Kiribeevich. Ivan the Terrible himself violates the rules of fist fighting that he himself announced: “Whoever beats someone will be rewarded by the Tsar, and whoever is beaten will be forgiven by God,” and he himself executes Kalashnikov. In the work we see the struggle of a sensible individual for his rights, impossible for the era of Ivan the Terrible, defending his interests in the name of justice. This struggle is not only between Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich. Kiribeevich violates the general human law, and Kalashnikov speaks on behalf of the entire “Christian people” “for the holy mother truth.”

Why is an individual dangerous for the state? Do the interests of society always correspond to the interests of the state? Can a person devote his life to the interests of society?

The Master's novel, which is a story about the duel between the beggar philosopher Yeshua Ha-Nozri and the powerful procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate. Ha-Notsri is the ideologist of goodness, justice, conscience, and the procurator is the idea of ​​statehood.

Ha-Nozri, with his preaching of universal human values, love for one’s neighbor, and personal freedom, in the opinion of Pontius Pilate, undermines the sole power of Caesar and thereby turns out to be more dangerous than the murderer of Barrabas. Pontius Pilate sympathizes with Yeshua, he even makes weak attempts to save him from execution, but nothing more. Pontius Pilate turns out to be pitiful and weak, afraid of the informer Caiaphas, afraid of losing the power of the governor of Judea and for this he paid with “twelve thousand moons of repentance and remorse.” calls it “Oblomovism.”

Life for Oblomovites is “silence and imperturbable calm,” which, unfortunately, are sometimes disturbed by troubles. It is especially important to emphasize that among the troubles, on a par with “illnesses, losses, quarrels,” labor is for them: “They endured labor as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, but they could not love. Thus, Oblomov’s inertia, lazy vegetation in a dressing gown on the sofa of his St. Petersburg apartment in Goncharov’s novel are fully generated and motivated by the social and everyday way of life of the patriarchal landowner.