The 2018 Main State Examination (OGE) in Literature will bring with it some changes to the final certification from the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) with the support of Rosobrnadzor and the Ministry of Education. Ninth-graders graduating from school who want to connect their lives with the world of artistic works must be prepared for new assessment criteria, improved instructions, and high-quality improvements to existing assignments.
In 2018, 9th grade students will most likely need to take a total of 5 subjects instead of 4: 2 compulsory ones (mathematics and Russian language) and 3 optional ones, which include the OGE in literature. In 2020, there may be 6 exams, because today representatives of the Ministry of Education, interested in motivating schoolchildren and encouraging them to conscientiously study secondary school courses, are seriously thinking about this.
From now on, the results of elective papers will be taken into account when forming a certificate - the educational system became familiar with this innovation already this year. Children will need to successfully pass all examination tests (grade “satisfactory” or “3” or higher). For those who fail to pass the OGE the first time, the Ministry of Education will provide an additional attempt, but this provision will only be relevant for 2 certifications. Students who are unable to take advantage of this opportunity and fail to cope with at least one of the repeated tasks will not be awarded the coveted document on completion of the high school course. They will remain within the walls of the educational institution for another year.
Preparation for the OGE in Literature 2018 can begin at different times, depending on whether the student wants to write the test in an early or general format, the main difference of which is the dates of the exams. Thus, “early-term” students usually undergo certification starting in the second ten days of April. The start of testing for the main stream of schoolchildren occurs in May/June, and the retake period begins in September. In 2018, early submission of literature is scheduled for April 27 (Friday). The majority of graduates will start writing their work only on June 7 (Thursday).
General information about the examination certification for the subject is as follows:
- duration – 235 minutes (3 hours 55 minutes);
- the minimum primary score corresponding to a “three” is 7;
- number of tasks – 4.
More about retaking
According to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 1394 dated December 25, 2013 “On approval of the Procedure for conducting state final certification for educational programs of basic general education,” only certain categories of students will be able to hope for re-admission to take the OGE in the current academic year. We are talking about teenagers who:
- Received unsatisfactory grades in no more than 2 subjects.
- They filed an appeal due to a violation of the rules of the event and were found to be right.
- Did not come to the exam or did not complete the test for a valid and documented reason (illness, etc.).
- Subsequently canceled work was submitted if third parties were at fault for violating the certification procedure. These may be the heads of examination points (EP), representatives of state commissions, technical specialists, law enforcement officers, medical workers, assistants helping children with disabilities, and other persons.
The educational organization is notified of the results of writing the work no more than 10 days after the control check. A change in the result or complete cancellation of the test is carried out within 12 days. A teenager admitted to retaking the OGE will need to appear again at the PES (possibly a new one) with an identity document.
Structure of CMMs
Control and measurement materials are tickets that require a written or oral answer to the question posed. At the moment, such a knowledge testing system is considered established and proven, so FIPI employees are not going to make significant adjustments to the forms. And yet, teachers, students and their parents should know and remember about some new provisions:
- Starting next year, the instructions given to examinees along with the tasks will be more detailed, thorough, consistent and clear. This way, graduates will be able to more clearly understand what is required of them, and therefore unnecessary organizational questions during the exam will be avoided.
- The criteria for assessing detailed answers will henceforth be based on the Unified State Exam standards.
- The highest score you can get for writing a paper will increase from 23 to 29.
Important! Children will be able to get an idea of the OGE in literature 2018 thanks to an open bank of tasks, as well as demo versions, specifications and codifiers presented on the official FIPI website. You can find them in the appropriate sections on the page fipi.ru/oge-i-gve-9 (menu on the left).
The CMM consists of 2 parts. The first includes fragments of works (prose and poetry), from which the student must choose one for subsequent analysis. The essence of the work is to write detailed, reasoned answers to 3 questions posed. In the first tasks you will need to competently, harmoniously and completely express your thoughts in 3-5 sentences, and in the last one you will also need to provide a comparative analysis of two different passages in 5-8 sentences.
The second part will require the student to write an essay of at least 200 words on one of 4 assigned topics. At the same time, here the organizers of the OGE-2018 allow teenagers to use the full texts of works (including lyric works) from the list of references available in official sources to argue their position and quote. The books will be located on a separate examiner’s desk and will be freely available.
The evaluation criteria take into account:
- meaningful correspondence of the answer to the task (understanding of the given fragments without distorting the author’s point of view);
- the degree of analysis of images, details, micro-themes, motifs, etc.;
- factual, logical and verbal accuracy;
- ability to compare works and work with texts;
- correspondence of the essay to the topic and its disclosure;
- mastery of theoretical and literary terms;
- compositional integrity and consistency;
- compliance with speech norms (the maximum possible number of errors that does not entail the loss of points on this item is no more than 2).
For each of the tasks you can get:
- No. 1 and No. 2 – 5 points each;
- No. 3 – 6 points;
- No. 4 (essay) – 13 points.
The final results are correlated with a grade, which is then entered into the certificate:
- 0-9 points correspond to a “two” grade;
- 10-17 – “three”;
- 18-24 – “four”;
- 25-29 – “five”.
How to prepare
In order to prepare for the OGE in literature 2018, you need to hone your own literacy and engage in tireless analysis and interpretation of works included in the official list of FIPI, required reading for 9th grade graduates.
Video tips from “experienced” ": which books to read first:
Tasks 1.1.3, 1.2.3 and criteria for their verification and
assessments
The last task of part 1 (1.1.3 or 1.2.3) is a task of an increased level of complexity and requires writing, based on the texts given in the work, a detailed coherent answer of 5–8 sentences (the indication of volume is conditional).
The task involves comparing two texts (fragments of texts) in the specified direction, independently extracting information from the material proposed for comparison, finding grounds for constructing a comparative analysis within the framework of the angle specified in the task.
Before completing this task, you must carefully read the text proposed for comparison and understand its connection with the main text. Task 1.1.3 (1.2.3) aims the examinee at transformative reproduction or some interpretation of the information contained in the texts.
Completion of task 1.1.3 (1.2.3) is assessed according to the following universal generalized criteria, independent of the content of specific texts.
Criteria for checking and assessing the completion of comparative tasks 1.1.3 and 1.2.3, requiring writing a coherent answer of 5–8 sentences
The indication of volume is conditional; the assessment of the answer depends on its content (if the examinee has deep knowledge, he can answer in a larger volume; with the ability to accurately formulate his thoughts, the examinee can answer quite fully in a smaller volume). If, when checking the task of the specified group, the expert gives 0 points according to the first criterion, the task is considered unfulfilled and is not assessed according to other criteria (0 points are given in the answer verification protocol).
Criteria | Points |
1. The ability to compare works of art | |
a) the examinee compares texts in the direction specified in the task analysis, knows how to build a comparative characteristic | |
b) the examinee compares texts in the direction specified in the task analysis, but allows violations in the construction of comparative characteristics | |
c) the examinee, when comparing texts, does not follow what is specified in the task direction of analysis; and (or) does not demonstrate the ability to build a comparative characteristic | |
2. The depth of the judgments made and the persuasiveness of the arguments | |
a) the examinee gives a direct, coherent answer to the question, based on the author’s position (when analyzing poems, taking into account the author’s intention), if necessary, formulates his point of view, argues his points, confirms his thoughts with text, without replacing analysis with retelling of the text; There are no factual errors or inaccuracies | |
b) the examinee understands the essence of the question, But does not give a direct answer to it; and (or) is limited to expressing his point of view; and/or does not provide arguments for all theses; and (or) partly replaces analysis with a retelling of the text; and/or makes 1–2 factual errors | |
c) the examinee fails to cope with the task: does not answer the question; and (or) replaces analysis with a retelling of the text; and (or) makes more than 2 factual errors | |
3. Following speech norms | |
a) no more than 2 speech errors were made; | |
b) more than 2 speech errors were made | |
Maximum score |
Thus, the graduate must be able to:
1. Compare texts byin the direction indicated in the task analysis.
2. Build a comparative characteristic.
3. Know the content and problems of the work as a whole (or the features of the poet’s work).
4. Understand the problems of the text proposed for comparison.
5. Provide meaningful justification for comparison.
6. Make convincing arguments.
8. Formulate your own well-founded position (if the specifics of a particular task require it).
9. Do not replace reasoning with a retelling of the text.
10. Master theoretical and literary concepts.
11. Formulate the answer in accordance with speech norms.
Examples of wording for task 1.2.3.
- Compare the poem “The Sea” by V.A. Zhukovsky with the poem below by F.I. Tyutchev "Sea and Cliff". How is it different?sea imagein these works?
- Compare the poem by A.S. Pushkin “To the Sea” with a poem by A.N. Apukhtin “Farewell to the Village”, given below. In both works it sounds theme of farewell. What is the difference between these goodbyes?
- Compare the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “No, it’s not you I love so passionately...” with the poem below by A.K. Tolstoy “With a gun over his shoulders, alone, in the moonlight...”. WhichI bring motifs and images closer togethert these poems?
- Compare the poem by A.S. Pushkin “To Chaadaev” with a poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Farewell, unwashed Russia...". What do you seedifferences in the mood of lyrical charactersthese works?
- Compare the fable of I.A. Krylov “Donkey and Nightingale” with the poem below by A.S. Pushkin "The Poet and the Crowd". Whichissues uniteboth works?
- Compare the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky “The Inexpressible” with a poem by F.I. Tyutchev "Silentium". Which ideas bring people together these poems?
- Compare the poems of M.Yu. Lermontov “Death of the Poet” and F.I. Tyutchev “January 29, 1837”, dedicated to the death of A.S. Pushkin. Howconceptualization differstwo poets of the essence of the tragedy that happened?
Basic theoretical and literary concepts:
topic, problem, idea, comprehension, presentation of the author; motive, image; lyrical hero, state of mind of the lyrical hero, mood of the lyrical hero.
Work algorithm
- Read the assignment carefully.
- Highlight the main words in the formulation.
- Remember the literary concepts that are required to complete the assignment.
- Find reasons for comparison in the texts.
- Construct a comparative characteristic.
Example.
Compare the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “The Poet” with the poem below by F.I. Tyutchev "Poetry". How do authors’ ideas about the purpose of a poet and poetry differ?
A text fragment (or a poem, or a fable) is accompanied by a system of written tasks (three tasks for each option) aimed at analyzing the problems of a work of art and the main means of revealing the author's idea. Each of the first two tasks requires a written response of approximately 3–5 sentences and is worth a maximum of 3 points.
The third task (1.1.3 or 1.2.3) involves not only thinking about the proposed text, but also comparing it with another work or fragment, the text of which is also given in the examination paper (approximate volume - 5-8 sentences).
Part 2 of the examination paper contains four essay topics that require extensive written argumentation. The examinee chooses one of four topics proposed to him (the student is asked to spend 115 minutes to create an essay). In an essay on lyrics, the examinee must analyze at least two poems (their number can be increased at the discretion of the examinee). Examinees are recommended to have a volume of at least 200 words (if the essay contains less than 150 words, then such work is considered incomplete).
The essay is assessed with a maximum of 12 points.
Scale for converting points to grades:
"2"– from 0 to 6
"3"– from 7 to 13
"4"– from 14 to 18
"5"– from 19 to 23
System for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole
The assessment of the completion of the examination work tasks is carried out on the basis of special criteria developed for the three specified types of tasks that require a detailed answer in different volumes.
For completing each of the two tasks of a basic level of complexity (1.1.1, 1.1.2; 1.2.1, 1.2.2), the examinee can receive a maximum of 3 points (2 points for the content criterion and 1 point for the verbal format of the answer).
Completion of a task of an increased level of complexity (1.1.3 or 1.2.3) is assessed according to three criteria: “The ability to compare works of art”; “The depth of the judgments made and the persuasiveness of the arguments”; “Following speech norms.” The first criterion is the main one: if the expert gives 0 points on it, the task is considered unfulfilled and is not assessed according to other criteria (0 points are given in the answer verification protocol). The examinee can receive a maximum of 5 points for completing task 1.1.3 or 1.2.3.
Completion of the task in Part 2 (essay) is assessed according to five criteria: “The depth of disclosure of the topic of the essay and the persuasiveness of judgments” (maximum – 3 points); “Level of mastery of theoretical and literary concepts” (maximum – 2 points); “The validity of using the text of the work” (maximum – 2 points); “Compositional integrity and consistency of presentation” (maximum – 2 points); “Following speech norms” (maximum – 3 points). Thus, the examinee can receive a maximum of 12 points for the essay. The first criterion is the main one: if the expert gives 0 points on it, the task is considered unfulfilled and is not assessed according to other criteria (0 points are given in the answer verification protocol). When evaluating an essay, its length is also taken into account. A minimum length of 200 words is recommended for examinees. If the essay contains less than 150 words (the word count includes all words, including function words), then such work is considered incomplete and is scored 0 points.
235 minutes are allotted to complete the examination work.
In 2018, the first part of the OGE in literature will remain unchanged. Graduates choose one of two options and write detailed answers to assignments based on the text. Volume – 5–8 sentences.
Below you have two options for a detailed answer for the three tasks of part one as an example of answers to the first three tasks of the OGE in literature. Topics concern Gogol’s “Dead Souls” and Tyutchev’s poem “There is in the primordial autumn...”.
Open the demo version of the OGE in Literature 2017 and read the tasks and text for it.
Let's look at option 1
Task 1.1.1
What properties of Chichikov’s nature manifested themselves in his internal monologue?
Answer to task 1.1.1
Internal monologue is one of the means that Gogol resorts to to characterize his character. In this fragment, such traits of Chichikov as prudence, attentiveness and coldness are revealed to the reader: “But our hero was already middle-aged and of a prudently cool character.” Emotional impulses and recklessness in behavior are alien to him. Chichikov is a typical cynic, subordinating his impulses to reason, which makes him think first and then act. The same traits of the hero can be found in chapter 4, where the hero’s nature is revealed through a conversation with Nozdryov.
Task 1.1.2
Answer to task 1.1.2
The mention of a twenty-year-old boy is given to indicate the contrast between the behavior of the young man and the behavior demonstrated by Chichikov. At twenty years old, young men are still a little naive, impressionable and ready for rash actions, “forgetting themselves, and service, and the world, and everything that is in the world.” Their behavior is guided by strong emotional impulses, and the mind always gives way to the heart. This behavior completely contradicts the prudence of the “middle-aged” Chichikov.
Task 1.1.3.
Compare fragments of the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls" and the comedy of D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". In what ways is Skotinin similar to Chichikov, who thought about the “young stranger”?
Excerpt of text from task 1.1.3
Skotinin. Why can't I see my bride? Where is she? There will be an agreement in the evening, so isn’t it time to tell her that they are marrying her off?
Mrs. Prostakova. We'll make it, brother. If we tell her this ahead of time, she may still think that we are reporting to her. Although by marriage, however, I am related to her; and I love that strangers listen to me.
Prostakov (to Skotinin). To tell the truth, we treated Sophia like an orphan. After her father she remained a baby. About six months ago, her mother, and my in-law, had a stroke...
Mrs. Prostakova (shows as if she is baptizing her heart). The power of the god is with us.
Prostakov. From which she went to the next world. Her uncle, Mr. Starodum, went to Siberia; and since there has been no rumor or news of him for several years now, we consider him dead. We, seeing that she was left alone, took her to our village and look after her estate as if it were our own.
Mrs. Prostakova. Why are you so spoiled today, my father? My brother might also think that we took her in for fun.
Prostakov. Well, mother, how should he think about this? After all, we can’t move Sofyushkino’s real estate estate to ourselves.
Skotinin. And although the movable has been put forward, I am not a petitioner. I don’t like to bother, and I’m afraid. No matter how much my neighbors offended me, no matter how much loss they caused, I did not attack anyone, and any loss, rather than going after it, I would rip off from my own peasants, and the ends would go to waste.
Prostakov. It’s true, brother: the whole neighborhood says that you are a master at collecting rent.
Mrs. Prostakova. If only you could teach us, brother father; but we just can’t do it. Since we took away everything the peasants had, we can’t take anything back. Such a disaster!
Skotinin. Please, sister, I will teach you, I will teach you, just marry me to Sophia.
Mrs. Prostakova. Did you really like this girl that much?
Skotinin. No, it's not the girl I like.
Prostakov. So next door to her village?
Skotinin. And not the villages, but the fact that it is found in the villages and what my mortal desire is.
Mrs. Prostakova. Until what, brother?
Skotinin. I love pigs, sister, and in our neighborhood there are such large pigs that there is not a single one of them that, standing on its hind legs, would not be taller than each of us by a whole head.
(D.I. Fonvizin. “Undergrowth”)
Answer to task 1.1.3
Chichikov and Skotinin have a number of common traits, such as prudence, selfishness, and lack of romantic impulse. Chichikov is a typical “acquirer”, in whom Gogol saw the new evil of Russia: quiet, diligent, but enterprising. He cares only about his own benefit, and only “two thousand two hundred dowry” can make a young girl a “tidbit” in his eyes. The landowner Skotinin's main characteristic is already contained in his last name. He is also concerned about his own benefit, but it does not even find expression in money. After all, the main passion of this hero is pigs. He wants to marry Sophia, but only because his favorites are found in her village. Both Chichikov’s cold prudence and Skotinin’s selfish ignorance are similar in their lack of interest in everything that does not directly lead to the satisfaction of their self-interest.
Let's look at option 2
Task 1.2.1
What mood is imbued with the poem “In the original autumn...”?
Answer to task 1.2.1
Tyutchev's poem creates a mood of peace and solemnity. To do this, the poet uses expressive epithets: “in the original autumn”, “wonderful time”, “pure and warm azure”, etc. The feeling of understatement and languor in the poem is given by frequently occurring ellipses, which symbolize that the time of violent emotions has ended with the summer. Autumn is a time of leisurely reflection and relaxation.
Task 1.2.2.
What role do epithets play in the poem “There is in the original autumn...”?
Answer to task 1.2.2.
Epithets are especially important when describing nature. After all, they allow not just to describe objects, but to convey the author’s attitude to what he writes about. Even the most ordinary words, used as epithets, can create vivid images. “A vigorous sickle”, “a web of thin hair”, “a short time”, “on an idle furrow”, “a crystal day” - all these combinations create the mood of the poem, conveying Tyutchev’s feelings caused by early autumn.
Task 1.2.3
How do the autumn pictures created in the poems of F.I. differ? Tyutchev “There is in the original autumn...” and N.A. Nekrasov "Before the Rain"?
Excerpt of a poem for task 1.2.3
BEFORE THE RAIN
The mournful wind drives
I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,
The broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.
To a stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a dry and sharp stream
It's getting cold.
Twilight falls over everything;
Hitting from all sides,
Spinning in the air screaming
A flock of jackdaws and crows.
Over the passing tarataika
The top is down, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...
(N.A. Nekrasov. 1846)
Answer to task 1.2.3.
Tyutchev’s poem describes early autumn, which the author himself calls “a wonderful time.” The work is permeated with peace and admiration for the beauty of nature. This is the moment when both the earth and people rest: “Where the cheerful sickle walked and the ear fell // Now everything is empty - space is everywhere...”. Autumn is represented as a beautiful, solemn time, when the cold weather is still far away and you can indulge in thoughts and gentle sadness. Nekrasov presents a completely different autumn: it is unfriendly and unmerciful to the traveler. “Clean and warm azure” gives way to “a mournful wind,” and “radiant evenings” to “a twilight falling over everything.” The autumn described by Nekrasov evokes a mood of anxiety and sadness. Two poems personify two opposing pictures of autumn, familiar to everyone.
The examination paper in literature consists of two parts.
The first part of the work involves analyzing the text of a work of art located in the examination paper itself; in the second part, essay topics are proposed.
When assessing the performance of all types of tasks, the verbal format of the answers is taken into account.
First part consists of two alternative options (we need to choose one of them). The first option offers an analysis of a fragment of an epic, dramatic or lyric epic work, and the second - an analysis of a lyric poem or fable.
Each of first two tasks involves a written response in an approximate amount 3–5 sentences and is assessed with a maximum of 3 points.
Third task The first part involves not only thinking about the proposed text, but also comparing it with another work or fragment, the text of which is also given in the examination paper. Approximate volume 5–8 sentences.
It is recommended that the examinee take 120 minutes to complete the tasks of Part 1 of the work.
Second part The examination paper contains four essay topics that require extensive written argumentation.
The first topic refers to the work from which the fragment for the first version of the first part is taken, and the second - to the work of the poet, whose lyric poem or fable is included in the second version of the first part.
Tasks 2.3 and 2.4 are formulated based on the works of other writers whose works were not included in the versions of Part 1 (Old Russian literature; literature of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries). Tasks 2.3, 2.4 are not related to the problems of the works given in the first part of the examination paper. The examinee chooses one of four topics offered to him.
In the lyric essay, the examinee must analyze at least two poems.
The student is asked to take 115 minutes to write the essay.