submarine XIV series.
Laid down on January 5, 1938 at plant No. 196 (Sudomekh) in Leningrad under slipway number 109 (erroneously passed according to documents as “K-21”). On November 4, 1938, the submarine was launched. During the construction of the ship in September 1939, a fire occurred in compartment VI due to a failed relay, which was extinguished with great difficulty. As a result, due to complete burnout, part of the electrical equipment of the compartment had to be replaced. Among the personnel, the one who was probably injured was mechanical engineer I.S., who had just taken office. Sinyakov, whose vision has temporarily decreased. On July 15, 1940, the K-22 entered service, and on August 7, 1940, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. The ship was commanded by captain 3rd rank I.N. Aces; On January 5, 1941, he received a new assignment, and until the beginning of May, until the captain of the 3rd rank came to the submarine Kotelnikov Viktor Nikolaevich, the ship was left without a commander. The submarine was to leave for the North as part of EON-11, and then cross the Northern Sea Route to the Pacific Ocean. 
Back on January 17, 1941, the commander of the Pacific "S-55" captain-lieutenant L.M.Sushkin, addressed a letter to I.V. Stalin with a proposal for an alternative way of transferring K-type submarines intended for the Pacific Fleet from Polyarny to Vladivostok. Proposed route (Polar - Atlantic - via the Cape of Good Hope to the Indian Ocean - through the Sunda Strait to the Java Sea - South China Sea - Yellow Sea, then through the Korea Strait to the Sea of Japan). The submarines had to cover the 16,500-mile route in 68 days at 10 knots. The country's leadership was attentive to the proposal, but after calculations were made, it turned out that for such a voyage another 100 tons of fuel were needed (without taking into account the enhanced reserve, which was 240 tons), so the proposal was rejected.
On June 22, 1941, “K-22” met the Red Ban Baltic Fleet submarine in Oranienbaum as part of the Training Brigade, preparing for the transition to the Northern Fleet. At the beginning of the war, it was decided to leave the submarine in the Baltic; The installation of instruments and mechanisms removed for the transition to the North began. On the evening of July 23, a Katyusha carrying tests after repair crashed into a Katyusha anchored in the Eastern Kronstadt roadstead. "Shch-319". Fortunately, the blow had no serious consequences; The strong hull was not damaged, only the front cover of torpedo tube No. 3 was jammed, the superstructure and ballast tank No. 1 were slightly damaged. Already on August 4, the submarine left the dock.
The unfavorable situation on the land front near Leningrad again forced the command to reconsider plans; It was decided to transfer “K-22” to the North. On August 14, 1941, the submarine moved to the village of Rybatskoye, where, having joined the Submarine Training Brigade of the White Sea Flotilla, it began preparations for the passage along the White Sea Canal. On August 20, she set off, and on September 4, she arrived in Belomorsk, where everything that was removed from it to ensure the transition was installed on the submarine. On September 8, “K-22” moved to Arkhangelsk, where the submarine carried out preventative repairs and underwent combat training tasks, during which on September 25, the submarine ran aground in Unskaya Bay. On October 26, 1941, “K-22” moved to Polyarnoye, and on the same day became part of the 1st division of the submarine brigade of the Northern Fleet. 
"K-22" on the move. The photographs were taken from the platform of the bow 45 mm gun.
“K-22” set out on its first combat mission at the end of October 30, 1941. She had to operate in the most remote area where Northern Fleet submarines were sent, in the West Fjord between the ports of Bude and Narvik (position No. 1). Having discovered a single ship on November 3, which the submarine was unable to attack due to the large heading angle of the target and poor visibility, the submarine did not meet anyone else. The entire campaign took place in the fight against storms and damage that occurred due to the fault of personnel. On the afternoon of November 6, during a dive, due to incorrect actions of the bilge officer, who forgot to close the valve of the fluid coupling drainage tanks and ballast tank No. 11, water began to flood the hold of compartment VII, disabling the electric motor for remote control of the horizontal rudders. The submarine began to fall into the depths with a trim on the coma. Only the timely and correct actions of the ship's commander allowed the submarine to surface. As a result, we had to spend the entire next day troubleshooting. Subsequently, the K-22 was accompanied by storms, due to which the submarine was unable to complete the additional task of shelling a radio station on Reno Island. On the night of November 15, the submarine headed to the base, and on the afternoon of November 18, it arrived in Polyarnoye.
K-22 left for its next combat campaign on the afternoon of December 6th. The commander of the submarine brigade, captain 1st rank, was on board the submarine as support. Nikolai Ignatievich Vinogradov. The submarine headed toward Hammerfest to operate within position No. 2a. On the morning of December 9, K-22 laid three mine banks (12 minutes in total) in the Rolvsø Sund Strait (barrage No. 29) and two mine banks (8 minutes) in the Sommel Sund Strait (barrage No. 30). The last mine had barely been dropped when the submarine discovered a single ship that was attacked. The torpedo passed by, therefore, without wasting time, the K-22 opened fire from 45 mm guns. From the fourth salvo, the submarine observed the target being covered and a fire on it. After firing 24 shots, the submarine stopped firing, as, according to the submariners, the ship was enveloped in smoke and began to sink. His further pursuit was prevented by the mines the submarine had just laid. According to the enemy, the Norwegian schooner "Vading" (160 GRT) was unsuccessfully fired upon, and having turned off its lights in time, it disappeared from visibility.
On the evening of December 9, an explosion was recorded in the direction of the newly installed mines from the K-22 and a high column of flame was noted, which gave reason to consider the placement successful. According to the enemy, barrage No. 29 was discovered by surfaced mines on December 11, and barrage No. 30 was cleared on December 18, 1941. Often listed as victims of mines, the transport "Steinbeck" (2184 GRT) was lost in the Gamvik area on December 9, 1941 as a result of an erroneous attack by "U-132", and the steamer "Nicolae Schiaffino" (4974 GRT) ran aground on rocks in the Tormsø area on March 15, 1942 and was eventually completely destroyed by a storm. 
Submarine "K-22" on the move.
On December 11, in the area of Rolsesund - Kvaljo Island, “K-22” discovered a 2-masted driftboat, towing a barge and accompanied by a motorboat. The submarine surfaced and with artillery fire destroyed the lighter, which, sinking to the bottom, pulled the barge with it. After this, the fire was transferred to the motorboat, which was not allowed to be finished off by the appearing pair of hunters “Uj-1212” and “Uj-1211”. In 25 minutes, the submarine fired 20 100-mm and 54 45-mm shells, ceasing fire only after it was discovered by anti-submarine ships, which unsuccessfully dropped 28 depth charges on the urgently submerged submarine. The result of the submarine's shelling was a pair of Norwegian motorboats "Alfar" (T29SA) and "Bogar" (F76G), both with a displacement of about 15-20 GRT; Of their crew, only two sailors were lucky to survive.
The end of the K-22 campaign was spent fighting the storm. Soon on the submarine, through cracks in fuel tanks No. 1 and No. 2, formed by the impacts of the elements, diesel fuel began to flow into the battery pit, the electric motor of the commander's periscope was flooded with a wave, and electrolyte poured out of the batteries several times due to strong rolls. On the afternoon of December 23, the submarine headed to the base, and by the evening of December 25 it was in Polyarny.
K-22 opened the 1942 campaign on the evening of January 13 by entering the Kongsfjord area (position No. 4a). This time, the submarine’s operations were provided by the commander of the 1st submarine division, captain 2nd rank M.I. Gadzhiev. The submarine spent five days searching for the enemy along the coast, until it was decided to inspect the coastal bays. Soon, near Berlevåg in Storsteibukt Bay, a target was discovered - a vehicle standing motionless. The shallow depths did not allow approaching the ship, so the torpedoes were launched from a distance of 12 kbt. Without any visible effect, the submarine fired 6 torpedoes at the target in four passes until it discovered a camouflaged fishing trawler at the entrance to the bay, after which the K-22 surfaced and opened artillery fire on the patrol boat. After the trawler caught fire, the shooting was transferred to the transport, which, as the submariners observed, began to slowly sink into the water with a list to starboard. Soon after the sinking ship, another one was discovered, which was also sunk by artillery fire. In 12 minutes, the K-22 expended fifty 100-mm shells.
The submariners considered the result of the attack to be the destruction of two transports and an enemy ship, although in reality only the Norwegian coaster “Vaaland” (106 brt), transporting piece cargo and mail from Tromso to Vardso, was sunk; Among its passengers and crew, 1 person died. The second target was the Norwegian transport Mimona (1919, 1147 brt), thrown onto the rocks on January 11, 1942. The salvage of the ship was considered unprofitable by the shipowner, and it was soon removed from the lists, and as a result of shelling from the K-22, the ship was completely burned out, but did not sink, since two torpedoes were fired at it on February 6 "S-101". The third target of the submarine was probably the Andromeda transport (658 GRT), also sitting on the rocks, lost on October 19, 1941.
On the evening of January 31, “K-22” began returning to Polyarnoye, but even before the submarine arrived at the base, German negotiations were intercepted there, in which dissatisfaction was expressed about the short supply of 30 thousand sheepskin coats for the soldiers of the Lapland group who were freezing in the trenches. This message was compared with the K-22 victory report and was attributed to a submarine attack; As a result, the submarine was promoted to the Guards rank.
After navigational repairs and docking, which lasted throughout February and a good part of March, “K-22” went out on its fourth combat campaign, which took place in the Tanafjord area (position No. 4). On the evening of March 27, the submarine arrived in the area of operations east of Cape Nordkin. On the afternoons of March 28 and 29, the submarine was persistently pursued by enemy patrol boats, which dropped 72 and 193 depth charges, respectively. The submariners probably took the bombs at their own expense as they passed by the PQ-13 caravan; both those that were dropped on the convoy by German aircraft, and those that were dropped by escort ships, driving away German submarines. Finally, on the evening of April 3, off the coast northwest of Cape Sletnes, K-22 discovered, according to the submarine commander, a convoy consisting of 8,000 tons of transport guarded by three patrol ships. The submarine's attack was carried out in such a way as to destroy two targets at once with one torpedo salvo. The submarine fired from a distance of 8-10 kbt, and after 75 seconds three dull explosions were noted on it. After launching the torpedoes, the submarine could not stay at depth, showing the wheelhouse from under the water, which was enough for the group of minesweepers conducting control trawling (M-1505, M-1506 and M-1508). One of them, located only 1,500 m from the submarine, went to ram, firing at the submarine’s diving site with 20-mm machine guns as it moved, and dropped 34 depth charges at random, since it did not have hydroacoustics. Based on the fact that explosions were heard on the K-22, both targets were considered hit. Due to enemy pursuit on the submarine, the radio transmitter failed, which was put into operation a day later.
While the K-22, carrying out a combat mission, was at sea, on April 3, 1942, by Order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the ship was awarded the rank of guards.
Early in the morning of April 9, "K-22" was recalled from its position, having received an order to assist the submarine "Shch-421", the day before it exploded on a mine in the northern part of Porsangerfjord. “K-22” arrived at the point indicated to it, but did not find anyone, and since visibility in the area was poor due to snow charges, “Katyusha” requested “Shch-421” via VHF, but received no response. Then another radio request was made to the emergency submarine to indicate its location. This time the emergency submarine responded. By noon, K-22 finally discovered Shch-421. All attempts to tow the Pike ended in failure: the towing ends were torn, and after the second attempt the bollards were also torn out. An hour and a half later, the rescue work was stopped, since an aircraft dropping signal flares was discovered from submarines, "K-22" had no choice but to take on board the crew of "Shch-421" (43 people), led by the commander of the 3rd division submarine SF I.A. Kolyshkin, passed onto the submarine through the folded horizontal rudders. The emergency submarine was sunk at 13.43 at a point at 71°12"N/26°22"E. only 7 miles from the enemy coast. To do this, “K-22” had to use up a torpedo from aft apparatus No. 7. In the evening of April 9, “K-22” began returning to base and on the afternoon of April 10 arrived in Polyarnoye, delivering the crew of “Shch-421” there.
On the evening of April 28, "K-22" again went on a combat mission with the task of covering the ships of the allied convoys "QP-11" and "PQ-15". The submarine was to operate north of Serø Island (position No. 11-c). Having arrived at the designated area, the submarine was soon forced to turn back to base, as it revealed that the tillers of the bow horizontal rudders were broken, which had been sustained on the previous voyage due to impacts on the Shch-421 hull. The voyage could have passed without incident if on the morning of May 2, when the K-22 was 60 miles north of Vardø, the submarine had not noticed an impact on the left side in the area of the Central post with a characteristic metallic grinding sound, after which 5 m from the side of the ship a mine was spotted, which miraculously did not explode.
The next combat exit to the area of position No. 10-in, 90 miles north of Fugle Island, took place on June 26, 1942. “K-22” with its actions was supposed to cover the ships of the notorious caravan “PQ-17”. The submarine was unable to prevent the fate of most of them (from July 4 to July 10, German aircraft and submarines destroyed 24 transports from the convoy with a total displacement of 142,518 gross tons and 99,316 tons of cargo on board). Several times the K-22 itself could become a victim of a drifting mine, enemy aircraft or submarine. On the morning of June 30, the submarine was attacked by a German plane, which fired at the submarine with machine guns, leaving several holes in the light hull. On the evening of July 6, the morning of July 8, and the afternoon of July 10, the K-22 had dangerous contacts with enemy submarines, just at the moment when the Soviet submarine was on the surface. On the evening of July 11, “K-22” began returning to base, on the way meeting a boat with the crew of one of the English ships from the convoy. According to the coordinates transmitted from the submarine, the BS-3 guard ship, sent to help those in distress, saved 28 people.
Having arrived in Polyarnoye, the submarine underwent routine repairs, during which a new battery was installed on the ship. In addition, the submarine was equipped with a Dragon sonar. On October 12, 1942, instead of V.N. Kotelnikov, who became the commander of the 1st division of the submarine, a captain of the 3rd rank took command of the boat Kulbakin Vasily Fedorovich .
“K-22” set off on its first voyage with a new commander on New Year’s Eve 1942/1943 with the task of intercepting large enemy ships off the North Cape (position No. 15). Shortly before this, an attempt by the Germans to attack the allied convoy JW-51B with a large formation consisting of the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper and the pocket battleship Lützow, accompanied by six destroyers, known as the “New Year’s Battle,” ended sadly for the attackers. They were driven off with losses by a much inferior force of the British light cruisers Jamaica and Sheffield and six destroyers; all vessels of the convoy arrived at their destination. However, by the time (the evening of January 1) when the submarine occupied the designated area, the battle had already ended and the enemy ships had returned to their bases.
In connection with the advent of Lend-Lease sonars “ASDIC” (the Soviet analogue of “Dragon-129”) in the fleet, the command has matured a plan for the group use of submarines as part of tactical groups. The submarines were supposed to jointly patrol one large area, coordinating their actions using sonar sound communication. At the end of January 1943 on the Kildinsky reach with the participation "K-3" and "K-22" exercises were conducted to practice elements of joint submarine operations. After this, it was decided to test the new method in combat conditions. The interest of the command in this experience is explained by the fact that on the K-22, in addition to the regular crew, on the afternoon of February 3, 1943, the head of the political department of the submarine brigade SF captain 2nd rank went to sea Radun R.V., commander of the 1st submarine division and former submarine commander, Captain 1st Rank V.N. Kotelnikov, divisional signalman Lieutenant Commander V.A. Gusev. The submarine was to operate together with K-3 in the Vardø area - Cape Nordkin. On the night of February 6, the submarines discovered the convoy, but due to poor management organization, the K-22 attack was prevented by the maneuvers of the flagship K-3, which closed the target. The submarines lost each other and met only on the afternoon of February 6. On the morning of February 7, “K-22” dived in the area of Cape Harbacken for a daytime search for the enemy. Until the middle of the day, the submarines exchanged messages via sound communication, but soon the K-3 acoustician recorded four loud clicks. At 19.37, the order was transmitted from the flagship K-3 to the K-22 to move to the surface position, to which the submarine responded with silence . Is it true. Later it turned out that the sonar on the K-3 was faulty at that moment, but the K-22 did not make contact again; She never returned to the base.
It is likely that the K-22 died on the Sperre-III barrier mine, but since no one heard the mine explosion on the K-3, the submarine’s death as a result of the accident is possible. 77 sailors died along with the K-22.
8 military campaigns
30.10.1941 – 18.11.1941
06.12.1941 – 25.12.1941
13.01.1942 – 01.02.1942
26.03.1942 – 10.04.1942
28.04.1942 – 02.05.1942
26.06.1942 – 13.07.1942
31.12.1942 – 07.01.1943
03.02.1943 – +
Sunk 1 transport (106 GRT) and 2 motorboats with artillery.
12/11/1941. motorboat "Alfar" (15 GRT).
12/11/1941. motorboat “Bogar” (15 GRT).
01/19/1942. TR "Vaaland" (106 GRT).
The crew of the submarine "K-22". 1942, photographer N. Verinchuk.
On the bridge of K-22. On the left, near the bow 45-mm gun, is the commander of the torpedo group, Senior Lieutenant Tishchenko.
Commander of the warhead-5 submarine "K-22", senior engineer-lieutenant Minkevich.
Lunch in the wardroom "K-22". On the far right is the submarine commander V.N. Kotelnikov, next to him is military commissar L.N. Gerasimov; in the center, with a fork in hand, navigator V.P. Churipa.
1st (torpedo) compartment “K-22”. On the left (with a stopwatch) is the commander of the warhead-2-3, senior lieutenant G.I. Sapunov.
In compartment "K-22".(1, 2)
At the Chelomey experimental design bureau in the late 1950s. On the basis of the P-5 RK, the main purpose of which was to fire at coastal targets, they developed the P-6 PRK. Work on an anti-ship missile with a terminal homing system began in the USSR back in 1948, but the firing range of the first anti-ship missiles was several tens of kilometers. At the same time, the main surface targets - American aircraft carriers - had a depth of 24-hour and all-weather missile defense (anti-aircraft) defense of about 150...200 kilometers. In the early 1960s, new F-4 Phantom fighter-interceptors equipped with all-aspect AIM-7 Sparrow air-to-air missiles and E-2A Hawkeye carrier-based AWACS aircraft appeared in service with the US Navy. Therefore, the depth of defense increased to 250...300 kilometers. This required response measures - the creation of anti-ship missiles with a long range (about several hundred kilometers).
Under the leadership of Chelomey V.N. In Reutovo, near Moscow, back in 1956, research work began on shaping the appearance of a long-range anti-ship missile. The maximum firing range of the cruise missile included in the complex was supposed to be more than 300 kilometers, to ensure the possibility of destroying enemy aircraft carrier strike formations and groups without entering the zone of their anti-ship and anti-submarine defenses. The anti-ship missile was supposed to have a control system that would ensure the destruction of surface targets of almost all classes, high-explosive fragmentation and high-power nuclear warheads. The missile and shipborne equipment of the complex control system were developed by NII-49 (later referred to as the Granit Research and Production Association), headed by N.A. Charin.
The creation of an “anti-aircraft” system for use on submarines was impossible without ensuring reliable intelligence collection and target designation in the ocean zone. To solve this problem, under the leadership of chief designer I.V. Kudryavtsev. At the Kiev Research Institute of Radio Electronics (today NPO Kvant), they created the Success aviation reconnaissance system, located on Tu-95RTs and Tu-16RTs carriers developed specifically for this purpose. An aviation radar for detecting sea targets was placed on the carriers with further transmission of signals to ships for data processing and issuing target designations to the missile system. Thus, in the Soviet Union, for the first time in the world, a RUS (reconnaissance and strike system) was developed, consisting of reconnaissance assets, strike weapons and their carriers (both sea and air).
The ship's automated system "Argument" solved the problem of controlling the flight of several cruise missiles during a salvo launch, as well as pointing the missile defense system at targets using a radar sight. When several targets were detected, it was possible to selectively destroy them by transmitting a radar image of the target from the missile to the submarine and transmitting commands from the ship to select a specific target.
A significant drawback of the P-6 missile system was the launch of missiles from a surface position. At the same time, the residence time of nuclear submarines with cruise missiles equipped with the P-6 complex in comparison with submarines with P-5 on board increased, since flight control was required until the target was captured by the missile homing head. Despite this obvious drawback, it was believed that the P-6 gave the USSR Navy tangible advantages against large surface ships of a potential enemy. In addition, the program was actively supported by N.S. Khrushchev personally. As a result, on July 17, 1956, a resolution was issued by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the start of work on Project 675 nuclear missile submarines equipped with P-6 anti-ship missiles and P-5M strategic missile submarines, which were intended to destroy coastal targets.
The design of the nuclear submarine began under the leadership of chief designer P.P. Pustyntsev. at the Central Clinical Hospital of Medical Sciences "Rubin". Captain 1st Rank M.S. Fadeev was appointed chief observer from the Navy, who was replaced by Captain 2nd Rank V.N. Ivanov. The SSGN was intended to attack enemy ships and ships with P-6 missiles during operations on sea and ocean communications, as well as to destroy enemy naval bases, administrative and industrial centers using P-5M cruise missiles.
Structurally, the Project 675 SSGN is a double-hull, twin-shaft submarine with a well-developed fencing superstructure and conning tower. The durable body, which has a cylindrical shape over a large extent, was made of 22-35 mm AK-25 steel. The extremities were given the shape of truncated cones.
The robust body was divided into 10 compartments:
The first is a torpedo;
The second is battery and residential (the wardroom was also located in it);
The third is the missile control post;
The fourth is the central post;
Fifth – diesel generator compartment;
The sixth is reactor;
The seventh is turbine;
Eighth – turbogenerators, switchboards, electric motors;
The ninth is residential;
The tenth is the stern torpedo.
For the manufacture of intercompartment bulkheads, 10 mm AK-25 steel was used. During rocket fire, compensation for the mass of the launching rockets was carried out by taking water into a special tank. replacement tanks. The light hull set and plating were made of SW steel, the thickness of which ranged from 4 to 16 millimeters. The surface of the body was covered with an anti-hydroacoustic coating.
The power plant (total power on two shafts 35 thousand hp) consisted of two VM-A type reactors (70 MW each), two steam turbines and two main 60-D1 turbo-gear units. There were also two DG-400 diesel generators (M-860 diesel engines) and two 900-horsepower PG-116 sneaking electric motors. Rechargeable battery “38-SM” – lead-acid, two groups of 112 elements each. In general, the power plant is almost identical to the submarines of the 627th, 658th and 659th projects.
The missile control antenna of the Argument system was installed on a rotating mast in the front part of the cabin. In the non-operating position, the supporting radiators of the large antenna were inserted into the wheelhouse fence so that the radome, located on the rear side of the antenna, “turned” into the front wall of the wheelhouse fence.
The main armament of the submarine - 8 P-6 cruise missiles (ind. 4K88) - were placed in containers that rose at an angle of 14 degrees to the starting position. The containers were rigidly fastened in pairs and, when not in use, were placed horizontally in the boat's superstructure. Firing, as on Project 659 submarines, was possible only on the surface.
The dimensions of the P-6 rocket were: length - 10800 mm, diameter - 900 mm, wingspan - 2500 mm and launch weight - 5300 kg. The rocket was equipped with launch solid propellant rocket engines and a sustainer turbojet engine. The range of firing ranges is from 35 to 380 kilometers, the maximum flight speed is M=1.3. The missile's flight altitude is 400–7500 meters; before attacking the target, the anti-ship missile dropped to 100 meters.
On nuclear submarines with Project 675 cruise missiles, for the first time in the world, the possibility of salvo missile fire with selective destruction of enemy ships in formation was realized. A nuclear submarine could complete it within 15 minutes. four-missile salvo, two salvos - within 20-30 minutes. taking into account the time required for ascent, preparation for launch, launch and flight of missiles to the target. It was possible to simultaneously fire at a target from various carriers with 12 P-6 missiles, which ensured the penetration of the densest air defense of aircraft carrier formations used in the 1960s. To receive target data from the aviation reconnaissance and target designation system, the Uspeh-U radar system was provided (reception was carried out in a surface or underwater position). However, by the time the submarines were built, it did not have time and was mounted on one submarine after modernization according to Project 675-MU. The remaining SSGNs were equipped with the Kasatka system, designed to receive target designations from satellites (10 submarines were modernized according to Project 675-K and 675-MK).
SSGN pr.675 with raised cruise missile containers
The reconnaissance-strike complex was used as follows: the submarine, which was in a given area, having received a combat order to use missile weapons, rose to periscope depth to establish communication with a reconnaissance and target designation aircraft, transmitting radar information about enemy targets on board the nuclear submarine with cruise missiles . This information was displayed on the screen of the operator’s console of the submarine’s target designation complex. The ship's commander analyzed the target situation, assigning a target from which it was necessary to determine the coordinates (range and bearing). Then this data was entered into the ship's missile system control system, the weapon's reach and the expected probability of target detection by a missile radar sight were assessed. Based on this data, the final decision to open fire was made. The boat set course, carried out pre-launch preparations, surfaced and fired a missile salvo (the maximum number of anti-ship missiles in a salvo is four). The flight of the missile in a salvo relative to the plane of fire was controlled by one operator using the bearing marks on the radar display. If the mark deviated from the given direction, the anti-ship missile was returned by the operator to the firing plane. Upon reaching the estimated range (generated by the ship's control system), the operators gave the command to turn on the radar sights of the missiles and radio channel transmitters to broadcast the information received by the sights. After the radar sight of the anti-ship missile had captured the target, the missile, at the operator’s command, was switched to the homing mode (initially the missile was homing only in the horizontal plane, then the anti-ship missile was in a gentle dive, and a vertical homing mode was introduced a few kilometers before the target).
The boat's torpedo armament consisted of four bow 533-mm torpedo tubes (maximum firing depth of 100 meters) and two stern 400-mm torpedo tubes (maximum firing depth of 250 meters). The ammunition load consisted of 20 torpedoes. “Ladoga” was used as a torpedo weapon control system.
The submarine is equipped with a complex of navigation systems “Sila N-675”, SJSC “Arktika-M”, a gyrocompass “Mayak”, a radar “Albatross”, a celestial navigation system “Lira-11” and other equipment.
In the west, the Project 675 boats were considered a modernized version of the Project 659 SSGN and were given the designation “Echo-II class.”
Modifications
Boats of the 675th project were one of the most actively modernized ships of the Soviet fleet. This was largely due to the rapid improvement of the main enemy of submarines - the aircraft carriers of the US Navy. Thus, the P-6 missile was upgraded to P-6M (4K48).
Under the leadership of Tsvetkov A.P. Since 1959, at NII-49, work has been carried out on the Molniya station, which provided autonomous over-the-horizon target designation using the phenomenon of tropospheric scattering of microwave radio waves. The Molniya station was adopted by the Navy in December 1969 for installation on Project 675 nuclear missile submarines and Project 651 diesel missile submarines. On some ships, the Arktika-M SJSC was replaced by the more advanced Kerch hydroacoustic complex.
Project 675-K provided for the installation of “Kasatka” equipment, which would ensure the reception and processing of target designation information from satellites. Under this project, one nuclear submarine with cruise missiles, the K-48, was modernized.
In the 1960-70s, 10 submarines of the 675th project were modernized according to the 675-MK project (K-23, -57, -56, -94, -104, -128, -175, -184, -189) and project 675-MU (K-28 with the “Success-U” station). The submarines were equipped with the new P-500 Basalt anti-ship missiles (the same as on the Project 1164 missile cruisers). On the modernized submarines, in addition to new anti-ship missiles, they installed the equipment of the Kasatka-B space target designation receiving system (except for one project 675-MU). The displacement of the boats increased by 600 tons.
Modernization of nuclear submarines with cruise missiles under Project 675-MKV began in the late 1980s. The submarines were equipped with the new P-1000 Vulcan missile system, which has a significantly increased firing range, as well as the modern Kerch SJSC. During the modernization, the SSGNs received the Strela-3 portable anti-aircraft system, which provides surface defense against enemy air. The displacement of Project 675-MKV ships increased by 1000 tons. In total, five ships were modernized under the 675-MKV project - K-1, K-22, K-35, K-34 and K-10 (the latter was written off before the modernization was completed).
In 1986, K-86, one of the SSGNs of Project 675, was modernized according to Project 675-N and was turned into a carrier of a midget submarine and combat swimmers. Missile weapons were removed from the submarine, as well as missile fire control devices, special equipment was installed, the necessary premises were equipped to accommodate swimmers and their exit under water, as well as a gateway and fastenings for the SMPL Project 1861 (“X-Ray class”).
Construction program
The construction of Project 675 submarines was carried out at the SMP in Severodvinsk and the SZLK in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. K-166, the lead Severodvinsk ship, was accepted into the Northern Fleet in 1963. This was preceded by the state. tests that were successfully completed with four-rocket salvo fire. Total in 1963-1968. The navy received 29 submarines of the 675th project (13 hulls were built at the SZLK, 16 at the SMP).
Status for 2007
Project 675 submarines began to enter service with the Soviet Navy in the 1960s: 16 submarines for the Northern Fleet (one was transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1966), 13 ships for the Pacific Ocean. All vessels of this project were assigned to the BPL subclass on July 25, 1977, and on January 15, 1978 they were again returned to the KrPL subclass.
Project 675 boats were actively used in the Pacific and Northern fleets. The submarines carried out combat service in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In November 1965, by directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the commander of the Northern Fleet was tasked with preparing two nuclear-powered ships for the transition to the Pacific Fleet through one of the southern routes. To participate in the transition, it was decided to allocate the K-166 missile carrier and the Project 627-A torpedo boat. The ships began moving on February 2, 1966. The distance between the ships traveling underwater was 60 miles. Sometimes submarines came together to communicate on ultra-short waves or via a sound-underwater communication channel. Having covered almost 25 thousand miles, on March 20, 1966, the submarines entered Avacha Bay in Kamchatka. The transition, skillfully presented by the official propaganda of the USSR, received significant political resonance. All crew members were awarded medals and orders, and five participants were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
To expand the coverage area of Soviet submarines, they searched for new maneuverable bases. In 1967, for this purpose, the complex expedition “Tide” was sent to the equatorial waters of the Atlantic under the leadership of Admiral L.A. Vladimirsky. The nuclear submarine K-128 also took part in it.
In the period from March 1 to December 31, 1969, the submarine K-131, while in the Mediterranean Sea in the war zone, provided assistance to the Egyptian armed forces.
In 1970, the first Soviet nuclear submarine, the K-7, was sent to perform combat service in the Indian Ocean. This boat also fired missiles at the corner reflectors (a Tu-95RTs aircraft was used to provide target designation). For three months of 1971, the K-31 submarine also served in the Indian Ocean.
Project 675 boats were involved not only in tracking surface ships, but sometimes “spoilt the blood” of American submarines on combat duty. For example, in 1967, K-135 continuously monitored the nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine Patrick Henry for 5.5 hours.
SSGN project 675 in 1989-92. began to be actively withdrawn from the fleet. The first to leave the fleet were K-116 in 1985, and K-431 (formerly K-31) in 1987 due to accidents in the main power plants. The very last to leave in 1994 were: B-47 (K-47), B-22 (K-22) and K-131.
The main tactical and technical characteristics of the Project 675 nuclear submarine with cruise missiles:
Surface displacement - 4450 tons;
Underwater displacement – 5760 tons;
Maximum length – 115.4 m;
Maximum width – 9.3 m;
Draft along the vertical line – 7.8 m;
Main power plant:
- 2 pressurized water reactors VM-A, with a total power of 140 mW;
- 2 GTZA-601;
- 2 PPU OKA-150;
- 2 steam turbines with a total power of 35,000 hp. (29400 kW);
- 2 GPM-21 turbogenerators, each with a power of 1400 kW;
- 2 diesel generators DG-400, power of each 450 kW;
- 2 auxiliary motors PG-116, each with a power of 140 hp;
- 2 shafts;
- 2 propellers;
Surface speed – 14...15 knots;
Underwater speed - 29 knots;
Working immersion depth – 240 m;
Maximum diving depth – 300 m;
Autonomy – 50 days;
Crew - 137 people (including 22 officers);
Missile weapons:
- PKRK P-6/P-6M launchers – 8 X 1;
- anti-ship missile 4K88/4K48 (SS-N-3B “Sepal”) or cruise missile P-5D (SS-N-3C “Shaddock”) – 8;
Torpedo weapons:
Torpedo tubes 533 mm caliber – 4 (bow);
533-mm torpedoes SET-53M and 53-61 – 8;
Torpedo tubes 400 mm caliber – 2 (aft);
400-mm torpedoes SET-40 – 4;
Mine weapons - can carry mines instead of part of the torpedoes;
Electronic weapons:
Combat information and control system - no data;
General detection radar system – RLK-101 “Albatross” (Snoop Tray);
Hydroacoustic system:
- MG-200M “Arktika-M”;
Fire control radar – “Argument” (Front Piece/Front Door) for the P-6 anti-ship missile system;
Electronic warfare equipment:
- “Nakat-M” (Quad Loop D/F) RTR
- “Van” (Stop Light) Electronic warfare (Brick Pulp)
Navigation complex:
- “Power N-675”;
- “Lira-11” celestial navigation system;
- “Mayak” gyrocompass;
Radio communication complex - a set of tools;
State identification radar station - MRP.
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An excerpt from the memoirs of a North Sea submariner
V. M. Melekhova “Service in the North”
In January 1976, I arrived at the Zapadnaya Litsa garrison and headed to Nerpichya Bay, where at that time the seventh division was based on the K-22 boat, which was already familiar to me. Everyday work began: a thorough study of the structure of the submarine (submarine) and missile system. It soon became known that military service would be coming at the end of the summer. A new commander was appointed - captain 1st rank N. I. Maksimov (V. M. Chernikov was appointed commander of the unit in Rosta). I remember meeting the new commander. The crew was located on the Finnish PKZ (floating barracks). First, the officers and midshipmen were introduced. Everyone stood in full dress uniform, and at the end of the line stood midshipman Yu. N. Kolpakov, the foreman of the engine crew in an old, worn jacket. The commander reached him, the midshipman introduced himself. The commander asks: “Comrade midshipman! Judging by your age, you have been serving for a long time. Where are your medals? The midshipman reached into his pocket and pulled out a handful of medals. A pause, then laughter from officers and midshipmen...
We completed all the course tasks and set sail in early August. We arrived safely in the combat service area in the Mediterranean Sea, began patrolling, everything went as usual. The entire crew remembered the date - August 28, 1976. The day was ending, there was a communication session ahead, and then dinner. Suddenly the command sounded: “Urgent dive!” The boat began to sink, after a while we felt a strong push, I fell from the spare parts box onto the deck (ZIP stands for spare parts and accessories). The watchman at the microclimate station of the missile complex announced: “Emergency alert! Sea water entering the first container!” Soon they noticed the flow of water into the compartment through the gas analysis system of the launchers, declared an emergency alarm, reported to the central post, and stopped the submarine’s dive. With the onset of darkness, we floated to the surface, the commander, deputy, commander of the BC-2 (missile warhead) came up, looked around as far as possible, then dived again to a shallow depth. The next day we surfaced in a given square and allowed access to the top. I went upstairs and was taken aback. The conning radome with the Argument antenna was missing, and several fragments were later found in the aft gas traps. There were torn holes in the bow of the light hull in the area of the torpedo tubes, and damage was also found to the right side connector of the first container, through which the missile was sunk. When inspecting the side connector, several pieces of foreign material were found. We already knew that there had been a collision with an American surface ship, and fragments of its propeller remained in the side connector. I wanted to keep one fragment as a souvenir, but it was seized by an operative of the KGB special department.
Our ascent was ensured by two surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet: the anti-submarine ship "Moskva", and I don't remember the name of the second one. From the other side we could see an American frigate, and from time to time a NATO plane flew over us. The commander of the seventh division, Captain 1st Rank V.S. Kalashnikov, was brought on board. Soon the Beshtau rescuer arrived, and the local specialists welded us something like a fairing for the wheelhouse. We boarded and conducted sea trials. When we surfaced, there was nothing left of the welded iron. We carried out welding work again, dived, walked around in a submerged position, surfaced, this time the welding held up. From the outside, the fairing looked unusual: with sharp corners. In total, we spent about 10 days on the surface, managed to get a tan and sunburn, and swam in the submerged stern gas traps. The personnel of the missile warhead were busy restoring the missile complex, since in addition to the flooded launcher, sea water also penetrated into a significant amount of the ship’s equipment. Having changed our watch, we opened the instruments and thoroughly washed them with alcohol and, in the end, were able to bring part of the missile system into working condition. Having replenished the supply of food, we loaded up and stayed in the area until the submarine “K-47” came to replace us, after which we headed to the North under our own power. We returned to the base in early October, there was snow. They arrived at night. There was no ceremonial meeting, as happens after returning from military service. When we went to unload the weapons, the commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Yegorov, arrived, since the damaged missile was loaded with nuclear weapons. After that, we spent eight months in Rost at SRZ-35 (ship repair yard). The radome with the Argument antenna and the submarine’s lightweight hull were restored. They did not restore the damaged launcher; they welded the nose cover and dismantled the rear one. And the “Red Guard” became seven-missile.
After repairs we returned to the division; by this time the command of the ship had already changed. Captain 3rd Rank G. I. Shevchenko was appointed commander, and Lieutenant Commander N. A. Pinkov was appointed deputy commander for political affairs. The crew began to practice course tasks and prepare for combat service. As a rule, they passed without incident, the assigned tasks were completed successfully. Although one autonomous trip (long voyage) was remembered for its very nervous beginning. It was the first week of the hike, it was lunch. And suddenly: “Emergency alarm! There is smoke in the first compartment! We quickly figured out what was going on and ventilated it. As it turned out, someone went into the latrine, turned on the fan, and the rheostat was left in the on position by the previous visitor. He started smoking. There are usually a lot of people in the compartment at lunchtime; everyone is switched on to the remote control (portable breathing device). After the accident, the nachkhim (chief of the chemical service) had to give them new ones.
In the second week of the voyage, when we were already in the Atlantic, specialists from the electrical engineering division carried out repairs on the pump in the hold of the ninth compartment. They drained the oil into a regeneration jar and placed it in the galley next to the electric stove, leaving a watchman to look after it. After some time, Tom got tired of standing there and left. The seam of the can began to melt due to heating, the oil got onto the heating element and ignited, and the compartment began to smoke. An emergency alarm was announced, the galley worker grabbed a fire extinguisher, pointed it at the burning can, it overturned onto the stove, and the smoke intensified. Closed-circuit ventilation did not produce tangible results; it was decided to float to the surface and ventilate into the atmosphere, which was done. We were lucky: while the emergency compartment was being ventilated, there was not a single ship or plane nearby. At the end of the ventilation we dived in and moved on. There were no longer enough remote controls for everyone, some had to walk with an IP-46 (insulated gas mask), and several people were forced to walk with an IDA-59 (individual breathing apparatus). Gradually we calmed down, and then everything went as normal. Having returned from combat service in 1985, we learned that the submarine would go to Severodvinsk for modernization, which soon happened. I didn’t want to leave the division, so at the beginning of 1986 I transferred to the K-131 submarine...
P.S. In the fall of 2016, a meeting was planned between the crew members of the SSGN K-22 and the US Navy frigate Voge, which collided on August 28, 1976 in the Mediterranean Sea. The initiative came from the Americans. But, due to the difficult relations that have developed between the Russian Federation and the United States recently, this meeting most likely will not take place...
The Council of the West Dvina local branch of the Union of Navy Veterans of the Tver Region congratulates the residents of West Dvina who served in the Submarine Forces of the USSR and the Russian Federation on the 110th anniversary of the Russian Submarine Fleet, and wishes everyone good naval health, success, and happiness!
In veterans' organizations
On March 6, 2016, reporting and election meetings were held in the Zapadnodvinsk local branch of the Tver regional public organization of the All-Russian public organization of veterans “Russian Union of Veterans” and in the Zapadnodvinsk local branch of the Tver regional branch of the All-Russian public organization of veterans of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Veterans were elected to the joint Council: V. S. Belyaev, A. S. Zyabkin, V. V. Izraelev, V. M. Melekhov, Yu. K. Orlov, V. N. Antonov, V. V. Chizhevsky. V. M. Melekhov was elected chairman of the Zapadnodvinsk local branch, and veteran N. Ya. Nesterov was elected auditor.
On March 31, 2016, the Conference of the Tver Regional Union of Veterans will be held, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the formation of the Russian Union of Veterans. Veterans V. M. Melekhov and Yu. K. Orlov were elected delegates to the conference.
V. M. MELEKHOV, Chairman of the Zapadnodvinsk local branch of the TROO LLC "Russian Union of Veterans", Chairman of the Committee of the Zapadnodvinsk local branch of the TROO of the All-Russian public organization of veterans of the RF Armed Forces
Naval Guard of the Fatherland Chernyshev Alexander Alekseevich
Guards submarine "K-22" XIV series
Guards submarine "K-22" XIV series
Laid down on January 5, 1938 in Leningrad at Plant No. 196 (New Admiralty), launched on November 3, 1938. On August 7, 1940 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
Displacement: surface 1490 tons, underwater 2104 tons; length 97.65 m, width 7.41 m, draft 4.06 m; diesel power 8400 hp, electric motors - 2400 hp, maximum surface speed 21.1 knots, underwater - 10.3 knots; surface cruising range 14,040 miles, underwater - 176 miles (economical speed); maximum diving depth 100 m; autonomy 50 days; armament 10 (6 bow and 4 stern) 533 mm torpedo tubes, 2 - 100 mm and 2 - 45 mm guns, 3 - 7.62 mm machine guns, 20 min; crew 66 people.
Hero of the Soviet Union, famous submariner I.V. Travkin recalls that when he first saw the cruising submarine, he “... involuntarily fell in love with its powerful and at the same time light, elegant hull. A massive cabin, a wide bridge, four guns, including two mighty “hundreds”. “I know that the Katyusha has ten torpedo tubes, a large supply of torpedoes, and excellent speed - on the surface it can match the speed of some destroyers.”
About the actions of K-type submarines during the war, another Hero of the Soviet Union, North Sea submariner I.A. Kolyshkin wrote: “Beyond the North Cape, in the Norwegian Sea, there are knights of long-distance communications - submarine cruisers. They go out there in a formidable trinity of their weapons - torpedoes, mines and artillery.”
On June 22, 1941, “K-22” met under the command of captain 3rd rank (later captain 2nd rank) V.N. Kotelnikova as part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet Submarine Training Brigade, where she practiced combat missions after entering service. Having curtailed combat training, the ship was urgently prepared for transfer via the White Sea–Baltic Canal to the Northern Fleet. On August 14, the boat left Kronstadt and arrived in Molotovsk on September 4. On September 17, 1941, “K-22” officially became part of the Northern Fleet.
After completing the combat training course, she moved to Polyarny on October 26 and was included in the 1st division of the submarine brigade.
The first trip from October 30 to November 18, 1941 to the most remote position - the mouth of the West Fjord before entering Narvik - was, in fact, training and ineffective.
The boat left for its second voyage on December 6. On December 9, she laid a mine bank (20 mines) in the Rolvsösund Strait. On the same day, later, near the island of Loppa, from the surface, she unsuccessfully attacked the single transport “Weidengen” (210 brt) with a torpedo, after which she nevertheless sank it with the fire of 45 mm guns. That same night, the transport "Steinbeck" (2185 brt) was blown up and sank by mines exposed by the boat. On December 11, the Katyusha sank two motorboats with artillery and damaged a third. German “hunters” approached the battle site and dropped 28 depth charges onto the submerged boat. On December 25, “K-22” returned to Polyarny.
On January 13, 1942, the boat set out on its next voyage. On January 19, 1942, in Tanafjord, she discovered a transport at anchor and fired three salvos at it in succession, but did not achieve any hits and refused a further attack. After 10 minutes, the periscope revealed first an armed trawler, and then another anchored transport. The boat surfaced and attacked them with artillery. Having expended 48,100 mm shells and made sure that the Vaaland transport (106 GRT) was sinking, the K-22 sank. On January 21, she sank a motorboat with artillery fire. After 10 days, the boat returned to base. According to later data, the transport contained 30,000 sheepskin coats for German soldiers.
On March 26, “K-22” entered the Tana Fjord area. On March 28, following under a periscope, it was attacked and pursued by a group of submarine hunters, and 72 depth charges were dropped on it in five hours. On March 29, the Katyusha was again attacked and pursued by anti-submarine ships. In 4 hours 45 minutes, 193 depth charges exploded around her. On April 9, “K-22” came to the aid of the “Shch-421” that was blown up by a mine. Due to the impossibility of towing the pike, the Katyusha removed the crew from the damaged submarine and sank it with a torpedo. On April 10, “K-22” returned to base.
The next three campaigns (April 30 - May 1, June 28 - July 13, December 31, 1942 - January 7, 1943) were carried out to cover the allied convoys PQ-15, PQ-17, QP-13 and JW-51, meetings with the enemy did not have.
On February 3, 1943, “K-22” went on a joint campaign with “K-3”. Their tactical interaction was envisaged using the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic equipment. The senior aboard the K-22 was the division commander, Captain 1st Rank V.N. Kotelnikov. On February 5, the boats discovered the convoy, but due to poor management organization, “K-22” did not participate in the attack. Soon the boats lost each other. “K-22” no longer made contact and did not return to the base at the appointed time; presumably it was blown up by a mine and died between Vardø and Cape Nordkin.
“K-22” made 8 combat campaigns (111 days), 5 torpedo attacks, 2 vehicles and 3 motorboats were destroyed by artillery fire. 1 mine laying 20 min. Presumably, the transports Steinbeck (2185 brt) and Nicolo Syaffino (4974 brt) were killed by mines laid by K-22.
From the book Naval Guard of the Fatherland author Chernyshev Alexander AlekseevichGuards Red Banner submarine "D-3" ("Krasnogvardeets"), series I. Laid down on March 5, 1927 at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) in Leningrad. On July 12, 1929 it was launched and on November 14, 1931 it became part of the MSBM. Surface displacement 932.8 tons, underwater - 1353.8 tons; length 76.0 m,
From the author's bookGuards submarine "M-171" XII series Laid down on September 10, 1936 in Leningrad at Plant No. 196 (New Admiralty) under the letter designation "M-87". On July 10, 1937 it was launched, and on December 11, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Surface displacement 206.5 tons, underwater displacement - 258.1 tons;
From the author's bookGuards submarine "M-174" XII series Laid down on May 29, 1937 in Leningrad at Plant No. 196 (New Admiralty) under the letter designation "M-91". On October 12, 1937, the boat was launched, and on June 21, 1938, it became part of the KBF.TTE - see “M-171.” On May 19, 1939, “M-91” left for
From the author's bookGuards submarine "Shch-205" ("Nerpa") V-bis 2nd series Laid down on January 5, 1934 in Nikolaev at Plant No. 200 named after. On November 6, 1934, on November 6, 1934, she was launched and on September 2, 1936, she became part of the Black Sea Fleet. Surface displacement 617.5 tons, underwater - 721.1 tons, length 58.8 m, width 6.2 m,
From the author's bookGuards submarine "Shch-303" ("Ruff") III series Laid down on February 5, 1930 in Leningrad at Plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), launched on November 6, 1931 and became part of the MSBM on November 25, 1933 .Displacement above water 578 tons, underwater - 704.5 tons; length 57.0 m, beam 6.2 m, draft 3.8 m;
From the author's bookGuards submarine "Shch-309" (Dolphin) V-bis 2nd series Laid down on November 6, 1933 in Gorky at Plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo), launched on April 10, 1934. On November 20, 1935, it became part of the KBF.TTE - see “Shch-205.” “Shch-309” participated in the Soviet-Finnish War on November 29
From the author's bookGuards submarine (underwater minelayer) “L-3” “Frunzevets” 2nd series Laid down on September 6, 1929 in Leningrad at Plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), launched on March 8, 1931. On November 9, 1933, it became part of the MSBM. Displacement above water 1051 tons, underwater - 1327 tons;
From the author's bookGuards submarine "M-35" XII series Laid down on February 22, 1939 in Gorky at Plant No. 112 "Krasnoe Sormovo", on August 20, 1940 it was launched and on February 24, 1941 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.TTE - see "M-171". June 22, 1941 "M-35" met under the command of senior lieutenant
From the author's bookGuards Red Banner submarine "Shch-402" X series Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Leningrad at Plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-314", launched on June 28, 1935. On September 29, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Displacement above water is 590 tons, underwater - 707.8 tons;
From the author's bookGuards submarine "Shch-422" X series On December 15, 1934, in Gorky at Plant No. 112 ("Krasnoe Sormovo"), assembly of the boat's hull under the designation "Shch-314" began, from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev, April 12, 1935 the boat was
From the author's bookGuards Red Banner submarine "M-172" XII series Laid down on September 17, 1936 in Leningrad at Plant No. 196 (New Admiralty) under the letter designation "M-88". On July 23, 1937 it was launched, and on December 25, 1937 it became part of the KBF.TTE - see “M-171”. May 19, 1939 boat
From the author's bookGuards submarine "Shch-215" X series Laid down on March 27, 1935 in Nikolaev at Plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards). January 11, 1937 launched. On April 10, 1939, it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.TTE - see “Shch-402.” On June 22, 1941, “Shch-215” was met under the command of Lieutenant Commander V.Ya.
From the author's bookGuards submarine "M-62" XII series Laid down on January 20, 1938 in Gorky at Plant No. 112 ("Red Sormovo"), launched on October 5, 1939 and became part of the Black Sea Fleet.TTE on August 31, 1940 - see "M-171". On June 22, 1941, "M-62" met under the command of Senior Lieutenant A.A.
From the author's bookGuards submarine "S-33" IX-bis series Laid down on November 16, 1937 in Nikolaev at Plant No. 198 (named after A. Marti), launched on May 30, 1939 and became part of the Black Sea Fleet on December 18, 1940 .Displacement above water - 856 tons, underwater -1090 tons; length 77.75 m, beam 6.4 m, draft 4.0 m; power
From the author's bookGuards Red Banner submarine "S-56" IX-bis series Laid down on November 24, 1936 in Leningrad at Plant No. 194 (Admiralteysky), and then transported in sections to Vladivostok to Plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was assembled. On December 25, 1939, the boat was lowered to
From the author's bookGuards nuclear submarine with cruise missiles "K-22" (since 1993 - "B-22") Project 675 It was laid down on October 14, 1963 at the Northern Engineering Enterprise. On October 22, 1964, the boat was awarded the Guards rank and inherited the Guards Naval Flag
1963 October 14
Laid down on the slipway of workshop No. 50 of the Sevmashpredpriyatie PA in Severodvinsk as a CRPL. The crew is subordinate to the 339th BrSRPL BelVMB;
1964 October 22
Awarded the honorary title of Guards. Inherited the Guards Naval Flag from the submarine K-22 XIV series;
1965 August 7
The State Commission signed an act on the completion of state tests;
1965 September 6
Became part of the Northern Fleet. Enlisted in the 7th DiPL of the 1st FPL KSF based at Malaya Lopatkina Bay (Murmansk region);
1965 December
The formed 225th crew (reserve nuclear submarine crew) arrived at the base;
1966
Completed an autonomous campaign to the BS (commander - Capt. 1st Rank V.N. Ponikarovsky) lasting 49 days;
1967 October 23
In connection with the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, she was awarded the Memorial Banner of the CPSU Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
1967 November 3
By order of the commander of the Northern Fleet No. 400 dated November 3, 1967, the SSGN was given an honorary name "Red Guard";
1967 - 1970
Was engaged in practicing BP tasks;
1968 May 15
The 255th nuclear submarine crew was reorganized into the second guards nuclear submarine crew K-22;
1970 November - 1973 July
It was in mid-repair at the Zvezdochka Shipyard (Severodvinsk);
1973 May
While undergoing repairs at the Zvyozdochka Shipyard (Severodvinsk), she was visited by the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee D.F. Ustinov;
1973
Relocated to Nerpichya Bay (Western Litsa);
1973 September 29
Second Guards crew of the KrPL K-22 reorganized into the 351st submarine crew of the 7th DiPL of the 1st FPL KSF;
1974 July - September
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Capt. 2nd R. Chernikov V.G.) in the Mediterranean Sea for a duration of 76 days;
1975
The reactor cores have been recharged;
1975 September - November
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Cap. 1st Rank V.G. Chernikov) in the Mediterranean Sea for a duration of 100 days;
1976 July - September
Fulfilled the tasks of the BS (commander - Capt. 2nd Rank. Maksimov N.I., second commander - Capt. 2nd Rank. Shvarts T.Ya.) in the Mediterranean Sea. On August 8, it was discovered that seawater was entering through the removable sheet of compartment II. The malfunction was eliminated by personnel by compressing the removable sheet in the surface position;
1976 August 28
At BS, during an emergency dive, she collided with the US Navy frigate USS FF-1047 "Voge". While serving in the area of the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea, the US Navy frigate DE-1097 Moinester was discovered upon surfacing. The commander decided to practice for educational purposes. As a result, while maneuvering during the next ascent at 18.26, the second frigate, which was not detected during maneuvering, hit the bottom of the left side at a speed of 18 knots. The impact was double, first with the bow of the submarine, and then with the wheelhouse fence. Several people flew overboard from the deck of the frigate and were later picked up by helicopters. The impact was so strong that the frigate suffered damage to the stern, lost speed and was towed to the island of Crete, and then to a repair base, where its repairs cost $600,000. The boat was also seriously damaged. Missile container No. 1, some retractable devices, hull structures of the wheelhouse fencing and superstructure were damaged. There was an influx of sea water into the durable hull through the internal cavity of the mast-lifting device "Argument" in the amount of 2-3 tons/hour. The Zhdanov missile cruiser, together with the BOD "Smely", urgently arrived in the area of the collision, and while guarding them, the boat moved under its own power to point 5 (Kythira, an island in the Aegean Sea, one of the Ionian Islands), where it received assistance. After which the submarine returned to base ahead of schedule under its own power. The submarine commander was removed from his post and appointed deputy chief of staff of the flotilla in Gremikha. The submarine moved to Rosta (Murmansk) and went into repair at SRZ-35 for restoration repairs;
1977
Was under repair at SRZ-35 in Rost (Murmansk);
1978 September - December
Fulfilled the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Capt. 2nd Rank. Shevchenko G.I., second commander - Capt. 1st Rank. Belyakov V.V.) in the Mediterranean Sea;
1979 November - December
1980
As part of the division, it was relocated to Ara Bay (Vidyaevo, Murmansk region);
1980 August - October
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Capt. 2nd R. Shevchenko G.I.) in the Mediterranean Sea;
1982 June 22 - August
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Capt. 1st Rank Shevchenko G.I.) in the Mediterranean Sea;
1984 July
The crew received and transported the damaged CRPL K-131 at SRZ-35 (Rosta, Murmansk);
1984 November - 1985 January
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS with a KrPL crew K-111(commander - cap. 1st Sevastyanov A.P.) in the Mediterranean Sea;
1985 August - September
Completed the tasks of an autonomous BS (commander - Capt. 2nd R. Bezumov B.N.) in the Mediterranean Sea;
1974 - 1985
Completed 9 autonomous trips to the BS with a total duration of 398 days;
1985 December - 1990 December
Completed medium repairs and modernization according to the project 675MKV at the Zvezdochka shipyard (Severodvinsk). During the repair period, the reactor cores were recharged. Presumably the reactors were replaced. Old reactors without spent fuel were loaded onto the Lichter-4, which was decommissioned from the auxiliary fleet, and sunk in the Gulf of Currents in the Kara Sea at a depth of 50 meters;
1990
Assigned to the project 675MKV;
1990 - 1994
She was engaged in practicing BP tasks at sea and at the base;
1994 October 1
Expelled from the combat ranks of the Navy (in some sources - July 15, 1994). She was laid up at a temporary storage point in Ara Bay (Vidyaevo, Murmansk region). Transferred to the 346th submarine division of the Vidyayevo basing area;
1997 December 4
Guards flag K-22 inherited the Premier League K-335 "Cheetah" 24th DiPL 3rd FPL KSF (project 971
);
year 2000
It was stored afloat at a temporary storage point in Ara Bay (Vidyaevo, Murmansk region);
2001 summer
Spent nuclear fuel was unloaded using the floating technological base "Imandra";
2002 February 12
Finally transferred to SRZ-35 (Rosta, Murmansk) for disposal;
2002 October 30
According to data from Igor Kudrik, an activist of the Russian-Norwegian environmental organization Belluna, when cutting for metal at SRZ-35 (Rosta, Murmansk) on a submarine B-22 there was a fire. The cause of the incident was careless welding work. The fire started in a dry dock where wooden scaffolding caught fire. Later, the skin of the nuclear submarine being dismantled also caught fire. The fire on the plant territory and on the submarine's hull was extinguished between 9 and 11 o'clock in the morning. The fire was assigned the second category of complexity. 6 fire engines were sent to the scene of the fire. Perhaps we were talking about submarines B-235;
2004 spring
It was located in the water area of SRZ-35;
2006 (estimated)
Disposed of at SRZ-35 with the formation of a reactor block, which was later transferred for temporary storage afloat, and with subsequent installation on a slipway base in the Saida storage facility in Saida Bay.
Total since construction "K-22" completed tasks 10 BS and covered 223,108 miles in 26,834 running hours.