What date is today (04/22/2012) in Iran? 02/03/1391! only 11 years have passed since the Battle of Kulikovo! :)
Indeed, the date differs by 621 years, but we are talking about the Persian calendar, one of the oldest chronological systems in human history and the most accurate calendar in the world, which is used in Iran and Afghanistan.
Compared to the Gregorian calendar, which needs a one-day adjustment every 3,226 years, the Iranian calendar only needs a one-day adjustment every 3.8 million years.
This accuracy is due to two reasons. The Iranian calendar uses a complex calculation system to determine leap years. In addition, the beginning of each year, coinciding with a natural phenomenon (the vernal equinox), is determined annually down to the second using astronomical observations. In other words, because the calendar is based on astronomical calculations to determine the vernal equinox, it contains no inherent error—this makes it an observational calendar, as opposed to the Gregorian calendar, which is based on mathematical calculations.
The current calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan resulted from a reform carried out in 1079 by a group of astronomers led by the great Iranian mathematician and poet Omar Khayyam. However, this calendar traces its origins to Zoroastrian cosmology, which arose in the late Achaemenid era (650 - 330 BC). Over the centuries, the calendar has developed and changed, but the names of the months are still almost the same.
It should be noted that in modern Iran three calendars are used at once: Persian, Islamic chronology according to the lunar hijri (today according to this calendar: 05/30/1433), and also, of course, the Gregorian. You will find all three dates in almost all wall/desk calendars, planners, news programs, etc. But, of course, the Persian calendar remains the basis of daily life for Iranians, while the Islamic calendar is used for religious purposes.
Below is a table that briefly explains the months of the Persian calendar, as well as the meaning of their names and equivalents in the Gregorian calendar.
As you can see, the months correspond almost exactly to the signs of the zodiac, since the calendar was based on lunar astrology.
According to the Iranian calendar, each week begins on Saturday and ends on Friday, with Friday being a day off. Below are the names of the days of the week:
Saturday: shambe
Sunday: yekshambe
Monday: doshambe
Tuesday: seshambe
Wednesday: Chaharshambe
Thursday: Panjshambe
Friday: jom'e(or adina)
If you are interested in knowing what number of the Persian calendar your Birthday or any other date will correspond to, you will find it useful
sajjadi in the Persian calendarWhat date is today (04/22/2012) in Iran? 02/03/1391! only 11 years have passed since the Battle of Kulikovo! :)
Indeed, the date differs by 621 years, but we are talking about the Persian calendar, one of the oldest chronological systems in human history and the most accurate calendar in the world, which is used in Iran and Afghanistan.
Compared to the Gregorian calendar, which needs a one-day adjustment every 3,226 years, the Iranian calendar only needs a one-day adjustment every 3.8 million years.
This accuracy is due to two reasons. The Iranian calendar uses a complex calculation system to determine leap years. In addition, the beginning of each year, coinciding with a natural phenomenon (the vernal equinox), is determined annually down to the second using astronomical observations. In other words, because the calendar is based on astronomical calculations to determine the vernal equinox, it contains no inherent error—this makes it an observational calendar, as opposed to the Gregorian calendar, which is based on mathematical calculations.
The current calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan resulted from a reform carried out in 1079 by a group of astronomers led by the great Iranian mathematician and poet Omar Khayyam. However, this calendar traces its origins to Zoroastrian cosmology, which arose in the late Achaemenid era (650 - 330 BC). Over the centuries, the calendar has developed and changed, but the names of the months are still almost the same.
It should be noted that in modern Iran three calendars are used at once: Persian, Islamic chronology according to the lunar hijri (today according to this calendar: 05/30/1433), and also, of course, the Gregorian. You will find all three dates in almost all wall/desk calendars, planners, news programs, etc. But, of course, the Persian calendar remains the basis of daily life for Iranians, while the Islamic calendar is used for religious purposes.
Below is a table that briefly explains the months of the Persian calendar, as well as the meaning of their names and equivalents in the Gregorian calendar.
As you can see, the months correspond almost exactly to the signs of the zodiac, since the calendar was based on lunar astrology.
According to the Iranian calendar, each week begins on Saturday and ends on Friday, with Friday being a day off. Below are the names of the days of the week:
Saturday: shambe
Sunday: yekshambe
Monday: doshambe
Tuesday: seshambe
Wednesday: Chaharshambe
Thursday: Panjshambe
Friday: jom'e(or adina)
If you are interested in knowing what number of the Persian calendar your Birthday or any other date will correspond to, you will find it useful
Some of you know my “signature” New Year’s souvenir - a calendar.
Last year we took a New Year's trip to the UAE-Iran. Only 2 days before departure I realized that it would take foreigners much longer than usual to create a New Year's souvenir, because in Iran it is now... the year 1395!
Already while preparing for the trip, I began to get doses of adrenaline, helplessly poking at the websites of Iranian airlines, trying to see the availability of flights... Sometimes it resembled a game of “find 10 differences” in the names of cities. “Google translate!”, some will exclaim, and I will be sent to Iran on a humanitarian and pedagogical mission to teach Iranian programmers the basics of HTML, since sites stop working after translation.
It seems that this is how some of our parents perceive booking.com
But let's return to the calendar. It dates from the date of the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina - the year 622. Based on the solar year, unlike the classical Islamic calendar. The beginning of the year is the vernal equinox (Navruz, spring holiday) on March 20 or 21.
For an unprepared person, creating a calendar grid for our (Julian) calendar can drive you crazy. But these are “little flowers” in comparison with the task of creating a grid for the Iranian calendar (Solar Hijri)!
Let's note details similar to our calendar:
- 12 months
- 7 days a week
Differences:
- strange letters and numbers...
- beginning of the year from March 20
- 6 months of 31 days, 6 months of 30 days
- week starts on Sunday
This is what it looks like on the websites: 
I started googling “Iranian calendar” to copy it..
Not so!
I liked the idea of combining 2 calendars: European and Iranian 
by Erfanix
With this thought in mind, I went on a trip without finishing the calendar...
Having survived the New Year in Dubai and having flown to Iran, in a warm room at a ski resort, with the Internet causing nostalgia for my school years with its speed, I began to think about how to move forward with my life! Wikipedia then shows the words!
I tried copying it into notepad: 
Fathers! Notepad displays correctly! I started to understand InDesign and realized that when inserting a word, it turns the letters in the word over and swaps them in pairs (in mac it changes some to others... o_0)
Those. after some tricks with rearranging letters, we get the desired word, comparable to what we see on Wikipedia... 
Yes, yes, our numbers go from right to left, top to bottom.... In the first row is Sunday, in the last is Saturday.
We send it to the Iranian for inspection. The little man just hung there for about 20 minutes, trying to figure out what I had done. I started asking about the last day and the order of the months. I persistently appealed to links to incomprehensible Iranian sites with tables.
Result: 
Phew! Job is done. All that's left to do is print! The Iranian assured that there are color printers in the country, I sent the sources and in Ishafan we were met by a personal guide with a roll of calendars!
Here's what happened: 
And this one is even more official: 
The solar Hijri calendar is the only calendar in the world in which the New Year begins at a single point in time for all people, no matter where they are in the world. From this point of view, the Iranian calendar is exceptional and unique.
In all calendars of the world, the beginning of the New Year has a certain meaning, for example, in countries where the New Year is celebrated according to the Christian calendar, the New Year begins at midnight on December 31st on the first of January. Thus, countries located in the east of the globe are the first to celebrate the New Year, and then in order, that is, from east to west, countries alternately celebrate the New Year.
In other calendars of the world, there is no simultaneous entry into the New Year at a single specific point in time, everything happens according to certain concepts and provisions, that is, the beginning of the year in the calendars of many countries of the world does not depend directly on natural and astronomical phenomena. However, in the Iranian solar calendar, the moment of the New Year necessarily coincides with a natural phenomenon - the spring equinox, when the sun crosses the border of the southern and northern hemispheres, this transition of the sun from the southern to the northern hemisphere occurs at a certain point in time, calculated with an accuracy of a second. The advent of the New Year at the moment of the spring equinox not only eloquently symbolizes the connection between man and nature, flourishing and newness, but also the fact that the advent of the New Year always occurs at different times of the day, which is far from repetitive and monotonous, and which is also a manifestation of diversity and inspiration .
Solar Hijri calendar - the most accurate calendar in the world
The calendar used today in modern Iran is the most accurate calendar among other calendars used in the world. The solar calendar was first developed and compiled by astronomer Abdul Ghafarkhan based on the Zoroastrian horoscope. At one time, he determined that the year was 1264 according to the solar calendar (1885 after the birth of Christ), which coincided with the 1302 - 1303 lunar year. Since this year 1264, a solar calendar has spread in Iran, which is based on the movement of the sun and which begins with the great migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. Of course, the calendar he compiled is known as the solar Hijri calendar, or as the solar calendar, the main principles of such a calendar are as follows:
- The beginning of the solar calendar is the first day of the month of Farvardin of the solar year in the year of the Great Migration of the Islamic Prophet from Mecca to Medina, which is 119 days ahead of the first day of the month of Moharram in the first year of the Great Migration according to lunar reckoning. The beginning of the solar calendar coincides with Friday, March 19, 622 AD.
- The onset of the New Year according to the solar calendar occurs at the moment of the transition of the solar disk from the southern hemisphere to the northern, that is, at the moment of the spring equinox, such a day is called the first day of the month of Aries or Nouruz (that is, a new day), such a day coincides with the first day of spring. 
- The solar year is an actual year, that is, it covers the period of time of the spring and autumn equinox and averages 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 2.45 seconds. The exact length of the solar year depends on many astronomical factors.
- The duration of solar years for 50 years (from 1335 to 1385) varied between 365 days, 5 hours, 42 minutes and 365 days, 6 hours and 4 minutes. This difference in duration is explained by the length of the astronomical year, when the earth makes a full circle around the sun, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 10 seconds.
- A year according to the solar calendar consists of twelve months, each of which corresponds to a specific zodiac sign in the sky, through which the solar disk passes annually. 20 centuries earlier, astronomers divided the earth's full circle around the sun into 12 equal months.
At the very beginning, the solar calendar did not have official status in Iran; the old calendar was used for tax and customs activities. In the year 1328 according to the lunar calendar/1288 according to the solar calendar, Tehran's representative in the Majlis of the National Council, Mirza Abdulhossein Khan Sheibani Wahid-ul-Mulk, proposed that the dates of all transactions should be indicated on the basis of the solar calendar, rather than the lunar one. This proposal was accepted by the Majlis of the National Council of Iran of the second convocation, after which the solar calendar began to be used in government calculations as an official measure of time.
Recognition of the solar calendar
At the end of the 1303 solar calendar, a group of deputies of the Majlis of the National Council of Iran of the fifth convocation came up with a proposal to replace the names of Arabic months in the solar calendar with Persian ones and abandon the names of years based on the names of twelve common animals. After heated discussions at the 148th session of the Majlis of the Islamic Council of Iran, held on March 31, 1925, a law was passed on the transition to the Persian months, starting with the year 1304 according to the solar calendar, which corresponds to the year 1925. The solar calendar has been adopted as the official calendar in Iran.
The solar calendar is still the official calendar in Iran today. Names of the months in 
solar calendar have Avestan roots.
Farvardin = driving force
Ordibihesht = truthfulness and purity
Khordad = perfection and flawlessness
Tyr = rain
Mordad = immortality
Shahrivar = chosen country
Mehr = covenant and agreement
Aban = water
Azar = fire
Dey = creator and creator
Bachman = positive thoughts
Esfand = humility and patience
From the point of view of astronomy and natural phenomena, the solar calendar is considered the best and most accurate method of calculating chronology in the world. The solar calendar has some of the following benefits:
- The duration of the solar year, Nowruz (beginning of the year) and leap years in the solar calendar are determined in strict accordance with astronomical calculations and calculations. The solar calendar is the only common calendar in the world that takes into account not only leap years every four years, but also leap years every five years. The presence of five-year leap years allows the solar calendar to constantly and more accurately correspond to the natural seasons.
- The number of days in the months of the solar calendar is determined on an astronomical and natural basis. In other words, the number of days1 in months completely coincides with the duration of the external uneven movement of the center of the solar disk across the sky, divided into zodiac signs.
- The beginning of the year according to the solar calendar coincides with the onset of spring and the re-blooming of nature.