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1. I am sure that to fully master the Russian language you need (not) only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but also communication with forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and with every flower.2. Every person must have their own happy time of discovery.3. It happened to me that such a summer of discoveries was abundant with thunderstorms and rainbows.4. This summer passed in the shade of pine forests, the cranes..the cries of the game of the night..sky in the (not) clear..screaming thickets of meadowsweet in the army..of the roosters..the cries and songs of the girls among the evenings ..of the soaring meadows when the sunset gilds the girl’s eyes.5. This summer I learned anew many words that until then were, although well known to me, but distant and (un)experienced. 6. Previously, they evoked only one ordinary meager image. 7. But now it turns out that in every such word there is an abyss of living images..8. What words are these? 9. There are so many of them. 10. It is unknown..but even where to begin..11.By the way, there is a kind of law of the influence of the writer’s word on the reader.12. Sometimes a writer (does not) see behind the words of what he writes about..t. 13. And if the writer (not) see..t then the reader (n..) will not see..t behind them. 14. You should see..t. 15. And then the writer writes so that the simplest and sometimes even erased words acquire newness. 16. Those thoughts evoke in the reader the feelings that the writer wanted to convey to him.
1. Determine the style and type of speech of the text.2. Write down the number of the sentence that contains the main idea of the text.3. From sentences No. 7 - 11, write down a word with the spelling Z – S at the end of the prefixes. 4. Replace the phrase many words (adjacent) to a phrase with the connection agreement. 5. Write out the grammatical basis of sentence No. 11.6. Among sentences 1 – 4, find a sentence with a separate definition. 7. Make a morphological analysis of the word well-known (proposal no. 5) 8. Do a syntactic analysis of sentence No. 12.
Left a reply Guest
1). Fiction, storytelling.
2). 1, 7, 11, 15.
4) bird whistle
6). there must be
7)
KNOWN - famous.
3,5,8, I don't know
I am sure that to fully master the Russian language you need not only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but also communication with forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and with every flower.
Every person must have their own happy time of discovery.
I also had a summer of discoveries, full of thunderstorms and rainbows.
This summer passed in the shade of pine forests, the cries of cranes, the play of the night sky, in the indecent odorous thickets of meadowsweet, in the warlike crows of cocks and the songs of girls among the evening meadows, when the sunset gilded the girls’ eyes.
This summer I found out? there are many words that until then were, although known to me, but distant and unused.
Previously, they only evoked one regular, meager image.
But now it turns out that every such word contains an abyss of living images.
What words are these?
There are so many of them.
It is not even known where to start.
By the way, there is a kind of barrier to the influence of the writer’s word on the reader.
Sometimes a writer does not see behind the words what he is writing about.
And if the writer doesn’t see, then the reader won’t see anything behind them.
Must see.
And then the writer writes in such a way that the simplest and sometimes even erased words acquire newness. (I still need a comma here, where I don’t understand)
They evoke in the reader those thoughts, feelings, states that the writer wanted to convey to him.
Write the text as best you can, good luck!
Text compression is a transformation in which text is replaced with a more concise statement. In this case, semantic distortions and loss are not allowedsignificant provisions.
Text compression techniques include:
- Exception:
Introductory words;
Homogeneous members of the sentence;
Repeats;
Examples of the same type;
Rhetorical questions and exclamations;
Quotes;
Details that do not affect the course of the author’s thoughts;
Explanations;
Reasoning;
Descriptions;
Words, sentences that can be deleted without damaging the content.
In case of exception you must:
Highlight the main thing in terms of the main idea of the text, then remove unnecessary details and details.
Combine what was received using basic means of communication between sentences.
The possibility of shortening a text is most often based on the phenomenon of redundancy of speech.
For example: A fairy tale lives everywhere, in everything: in trees, leaves, in the wind itself, in the ground, in an armchair, in a house, in March, in yourself.(E. Krivchenko) (22 words)
In this sentence, redundantsimilar circumstancesspecifying general words everywhere, in everything. Let's remove these homogeneous circumstances. The meaning of the sentence will not change:
The fairy tale lives everywhere, in everything. (5 words)
2. Generalization or union:
Parceled offers;
A series of sentences connected by one thought;
Parts of proposals;
Specific, individual facts, events, phenomena.
For example: Fairy tales will teach you to be kind, you will see that they can help you out of any trouble you may find yourself in. Fairy tales will show how the cheerful but weak can defeat the strong but gloomy.(30 words)
Fairy tales will teach you kindness, optimism, and help you out of trouble. (7 words)
3. Replacement:
- homogeneous members with a generalizing word;
Complex sentence - simple;
Parts of a sentence or series of sentences with a general concept or expression;
Direct speech - indirect;
Parts of text in one sentence;
Parts of a sentence by pronoun, etc.
When replacing you must:
Find words, semantic parts or sentences that can be shortened by replacing them with a general word, a simple sentence, etc.
Formulate the resulting proposal.
For example: Fairy tales are loved by adults and children, strong and weak, kind and not so kind.(12 words)
Everyone loves fairy tales. (3 words)
Combination of exclusion and generalization (union):
For example: Fairy tales... how beautiful and fascinating your world is. A world in which good always triumphs, where the smart always defeats the stupid, the good always defeats the bad, and in the end, as a rule, everyone is happy. No, of course, and among you there are those who make you feel sad and want to cry. But this is holy sadness and holy tears. They cleanse.(50 words)
The world of fairy tales, where goodness triumphs, is beautiful and fascinating, even if they evoke holy sadness and tears that help us become better people.. (20 words)
Combination of elimination and replacement:
For example: There are, however, evil fairy tales in which everything is the other way around. But people can be evil too. And by the way, even among you people, there are much fewer evil ones than good ones, and we don’t even have to talk about fairy tales. And a fairy tale becomes evil because someone has offended it, broken it, bent it with rough hands. After all, fairy tales cannot be evil by nature, you people make them that way.(64 words)
There are evil tales, just like the people who made them. But there are much more good people, just like fairy tales. (18 words)
Combination of replacement, exclusion and union:
For example: You people, on purpose, and more often by accident, forgetting about the time when you still believed fairy tales, cause pain to each other.You people forget about the healing kindness of fairy tales and rush around in a dead end in life, looking for a way out and not seeing it. But it is amazingly simple. We must believe in miracles. Believe and live. Live in such a way that life turns only into kind and cheerful fairy tales.(61 words)
People, forgetting about the great power of fairy tales, offend each other and do not find a way out of life situations. And the solution is simple: you need to believe in miracles and live, turning life into good fairy tales. (29 words)
What should not be removed from the text?
Basic details that help to understand the author's idea;
Memo “How to work on a concise presentation”
On first reading:
- Listen carefully to the text to understand its content.
- Determine the topic of the text (what is the text about?), the idea (what does the text teach?).
- Determine the style of the text, the type of speech (description, reasoning, narration), and then preserve the features of this type of speech when writing the presentation.
- Remember the sequence of events and reasoning.
- Determine the number of paragraphs, keywords.
- Make a detailed outline of the text, highlighting the micro-topics of each part and titling them.
- Write the names of the plan items, leaving space for key words.
How to make a plan.
1. By highlighting key words and phrases in the paragraphs, get a naming plan.
2. By asking a question for each paragraph, get a question plan.
3. After answering the question briefly, get a thesis plan.
After the second reading:
- Divide the text into meaningful parts.
- Start working on text compression. Remember: when compressing the text,it is necessary to convey the main thing in each paragraph and in the entire text as a whole, and to do this, exclude secondary information, generalize individual facts, replace the specific with a generalizing one. Preserve the language features of this text in your presentation, use the author’s keywords and phrases.
- Write a concise summary of each part, linking them together to form a text.
- Make sure that the content of the source text is conveyed without distortion.
- Write a draft of your presentation and check it carefully.
Training session: text compression techniques
Task No. 1. Read the text for a condensed summary.
1. I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language, in order not to lose the feeling of this language, you need not only constant communication with people, but communication with forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and every flower. 2. Every person must have their own happy time of discovery. 3. I also had one such summer of discoveries in the wooded and meadow side of Central Russia - a summer full of thunderstorms and rainbows.
4. This summer I learned by touch, taste, and smell many words that until then, although known to me, were distant and unexperienced. 5. Previously, they evoked only one ordinary meager image. 6. But now it turns out that every such word contains an abyss of living images.
7. What words are these?
8. I, of course, knew that there are drizzles, blind rains, continuous rains, mushroom rains, sporid rains, rains that come in stripes - stripes, oblique rains, heavy rolling rains and, finally, downpours (showers).
9. But it’s one thing to imagine, and another thing to experience these rains for yourself and understand that each of them contains its own poetry, its own signs, different from the signs of other rains.
10. Then all these words telling about rains become stronger and filled with expressive power. 11. Then behind each such word you see and feel what you are talking about, and do not pronounce it mechanically, out of habit.
(According to K.G. Paustovsky)
- words)
Task No. 2 . Apply text compression techniques for each paragraph:
Compression techniques:
1. Find and highlight the grammatical basis in the sentence (subject and predicate) or grammatical basis if the sentence is complex.
2. Sentence No. 1 is complex with different types of connections, and the second part is complicated by homogeneous members. This means that we will select only that part of the detailed information that is directly related to the main idea of the text as a whole. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine the MAIN THOUGHT of the text. The essay by K. G. Paustovsky talks aboutabout words filled with natural meaning close to the heart of the Russian person.General information related to the topic of the text is expressed by the second subordinate clause, and the key word “suggesting” this relationship is the expression “sense of language.” Therefore, firstly, we will exclude partially the main and completely the first subordinate clause from the composition of the complex sentence. And from the continuation of the main part (the ending of a sentence complicated by homogeneous members), we will exclude the entire homogeneous series by using the following method of compressing the text - collapsing the sentence bygeneralizations. In other words, we will summarize the idea expressed by the author using a series of homogeneous additions into one word or small expression. For example: communication with the world around us.
3. Proposal No. 2. This sentence can be excluded when compressing the text, since it only complements the meaning of the previous one and will find “its continuation” in the third sentence.
4. Sentence No. 3 is simple, complicated by an application and a common definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Since complication constructions usually carry additional information, they need to be excluded. But be careful: check whether they contain vivid, emotional, figurative and generalizing expressions that are closely related to the main idea of the text. In our text, the generalizing figurative device is metaphor. summer of discovery 1 is in the main part of the sentence, which we keep.
5. Sentence No. 4 – complicated by a common definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Attention! The participial phrase contains words (two homogeneous definitionsdistant and unexperienced), which are very important to preserve, since they emphasize the idea of K. G. Paustovsky’s text - to awaken in the reader the “experience, sensation” of a living word. Therefore, we exclude all words from the sentence, with the exception of the subject and predicate ( I learned) and additions (words). Let's move two definitionsdistant and unexperiencedfrom the participial phrase to the main part of the sentence and agree with the noun words 2 (see below for a sample of a condensed presentation of this text).
6. Sentence No. 5 – we exclude it completely, since it only extends the meaning of the previous one.
7. Sentence No. 6 – we completely cut off the main part and part of the complication structure of a simple sentence, with the exception of a generalizing figurative expressionan abyss of living imagesat the end of a sentence. Let's combine this construction with the previous proposal No. 5 3 (see the result in the example of a condensed presentation of this text).
8. Sentence No. 7 - performs a special semantic and rhetorical function: it is a sentence-paragraph, and therefore cannot be excluded, since the logic of text construction will be violated. In addition, the question asked by the author of the text not only sets the tone for the discussion, but also serves as a semantic link between the parts of the concise presentation. Remove it, and the semantic unity of the already obtained compressed text will be disrupted.
9. Sentence No. 8 is complex, the subordinate part of which is complicated by homogeneous definitions. Let's use the following text compression technique - generalization-replacement. In other words, we replace a number of homogeneous terms with one definition different rains . In addition, we will exclude the introductory word, since introductory words and constructions always carry only additional information.
Another compression option is also possible: we cut off the main part of a complex sentence in order to prevent speech repetition of the structure I knew . Then the resulting sentence will be simple, uncomplicated - short, carrying only basic, generalized information.
10. Sentence No. 9 is a complex syntactic construction, i.e. offer with different types of communication. From the composition of a complex sentence, we will leave only the conjunction But . Next, we will include the word in the sentence being constructed main thing 4 , which will serve as the main member of the new sentence. Let's add a subordinate clause that is directly related to the main idea of the author's text. Let’s cut off the common definition and replace it with the definition distinctive e 5 and agree it with the nounsigns (see the result in the example of a condensed presentation of this text).
11. Sentence No. 10 is simple, complicated by a common definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Although the participle phrase carries additional information, it is precisely it that contains the generalized expressive expression (words)talking about rain,directly related to the theme of the text by K. G. Paustovsky. Therefore, it must be included in the reconstructed proposal.
12. Sentence No. 11 is complex, the subordinate part of which is in the middle of the main one, which complicates the method of compressing the sentence. Therefore, the structure of a complex sentence must be preserved in order to prevent a grammatical error (violation of the sentence structure). But you can exclude the second homogeneous member with dependent words, which carries additional, rather than main information that is not directly related to the main idea of the text.
Check yourself:
1.[I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language, in order] not to lose the feeling of [this] language, you need [not only constant communication with people, but] communication with [forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and every flower]. 3. I also had one such summer of discoveries [in the wooded and meadow side of Central Russia - a summer full of thunderstorms and rainbows.]
4. [This summer] I recognized [by touch, taste, smell a lot] words [which until then, although known to me, were] distant and unexperienced. [ 5. Previously, they evoked only one ordinary meager image. 6. But now it turns out that every such word contains an abyss of living images.
7.What words are these?
8. I [of course] knew that] there are rains [drizzle, blind, blanket, mushroom, spores, rains that come in stripes - stripes, slanting, heavy sloping rains and, finally, downpours (showers)].
9. But [it’s one thing to imagine, and another thing to experience these rains for yourself and] understand that each of them contains its own poetry, its own signs, different [from the signs of other rains.]
10. Then [all these] words telling about rains [get stronger] and are filled with expressive power. 11.Then behind each such word you see and feel what you are talking about [rather than pronouncing it mechanically, out of habit]
Task No. 3 . Write a concise summary usingInstructions for writing a concise summary.
Sample summary:
In order not to lose the sense of language, We need communication with the world around us. I also had one such summer of discoveries.
I recognized distant and unexperienced words that contained an abyss of living images.
What words are these?
I knew that there are different types of rain.
But the main thing is to understand that each of them contains its own poetry, its own distinctive features.
Then the words telling about the rains are filled with expressive power. Then behind each such word you see and feel what you are talking about.
Task No. 1
I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language, in order not to lose the feeling of this language, you need not only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but communication with pastures and forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and with every flower that nods his head from under a hazel bush.
Every person must have their own happy time of discovery. I also had one such summer of discoveries in the wooded and meadow side of Central Russia - a summer full of thunderstorms and rainbows.
1. Read the text and determine its style. Argue your point of view based on the style-forming factors set out in the UMP. Provide fragments of text that support your point of view. (3 fragments).
This literary text is Paustovsky’s essay “Language and Nature” from the story “The Golden Rose”. Despite the fact that the “essay” genre is characteristic of the journalistic style, Paustovsky’s essays are strictly artistic.
2. Determine what functional-semantic type of speech (reasoning, description or narration) this text belongs to.
This text belongs to the functional-semantic description type, because is an image of natural phenomena by listing and revealing its main features: rain, sky, thunderstorm, lightning, lightning, etc.
3. Analyze the composition of the text, pay attention to the words and phrases that serve to organize it. Indicate how convincing and logical presentation is achieved.
Typification in an essay is achieved, in addition to the selection of typical phenomena, by the selection of features that are especially typical for the phenomenon.
4. Analyze the figurative and expressive means of language and determine their type (tropes, stylistic figures). 3 examples.
Artistic and journalistic description is characterized by the widespread use of linguistic expressive means (metaphors, personifications, comparisons, epithets, etc.). The following tropes are also typical for this text:
Task No. 2
Write an essay on topic 6. Seneca: “The path is long through instructions, gentle and easy through examples”
Please note the following aspects of the topic.
1. Do you agree with this statement? What arguments can you give in favor of your position? What arguments can your opponents give?
2. Try to use special means of expressive speech to make your essay more convincing.
3. Pay attention to the coherence and logic of the presentation, compliance with the rules of spelling, punctuation and speech culture.
Related documents:
Rewrite the given text passages and add punctuation marks. Determine which functional style the text belongs to
control paper, 12 pages100 rub.
1. I am sure that to fully master the Russian language you need not only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but also communication with forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and with every flower. 2. Every person must have their own happy time of discovery. 3. It happened and I had such a summer of discoveries, abundant with thunderstorms and rainbows. 4. This summer passed in the shade of pine forests, the cries of cranes, the play of the night sky, in the impenetrable odorous thickets of meadowsweet, in the warlike crows of cocks and in the songs of girls among the evening meadows, when the sunset gilded the girls’ eyes. 5. This summer I learned anew many words that until then were, although known to me, but distant and not experienced. 6. Previously they evoked only one ordinary meager image. 7. But now it turns out that every such word contains an abyss of living images. 8. What words are these? 9. There are so many of them. 10. You don’t even know where to start. 11. By the way, there is a kind of law of the influence of the writer’s word on the reader. 12. sometimes the writer does not see behind the words what he is writing about. 13. and if the writer does not see, then the reader will not see anything behind them. 14. must be seen. 15. and then the writer writes in such a way that the simplest and sometimes even worn-out words acquire newness. 16. evoke in the reader those thoughts, feelings, and states that the writer wanted to convey to him. help, 1. determine the style and type of speech of the text; 2. write down the number of the sentence that contains the main idea of the text; 3. from sentence No. 4, write out a word with an alternating vowel at the root; 4. replace the phrase with the whistling of birds (control) with a phrase with the connection of agreement; 5. write out the grammatical basis from sentence No. 8. 6. Among sentences 1-4, find sentences with an introductory word.
Dear eleventh graders!
This text may be useful for preparing for an essay on the Unified State Exam.
2. Pay attention to the highlighted fragments in the text.
3. Select the necessary clichés, in your opinion.
1.One problem is attached to the text.
2. Please note that the title of the text does not always correspond to the title that the author may have had. Therefore, in an essay for the Unified State Exam, if you do not know the exact name, avoid the name that is suggested in various sources.
expresses (expresses, formulates, carries out) the idea that “...”
strives (wants) to convey to the reader the idea that “...”
makes the reader pay attention to...
encourages the reader...
believes that...
convinces us that
States that…
claims that only
stands for
shows us people who...
leads (leads) the reader to the idea that...
comes to the following conclusion:...
admires (who? what?)
amazed (by what?)
as if inviting him to admire (what?)
watching with interest (what?)
with pain in his heart (with bitter irony, with bitterness) he writes (says) that...
can't put up with...
expresses concern...
draws attention to the fact that...
“...” - these words, in my opinion, reflect the main problem of the text.
“...” - this statement accurately reflects the author’s thought.
The text proves the idea that “...”
The author evaluates (what?)
The author reveals the essence of (what?)
The author sets out his approach (to what?)
The author proceeds from the fact that
The author differentiates the concepts of (what)
The author draws attention to the fact that
The author convincingly proves (what?)
Defining the essence and place (of what? in what?), the author believes that
Emphasizing the relevance of (what?), the author draws attention to (what?)
According to the author, what is important is (what?)
TEXT
PROBLEM the relationship between the native language and native nature in human life
“...not to lose the feeling... of language” (According to K.G. Paustovsky)
1) I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language, in order not to lose the feeling of this language, you need not only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but communication with pastures and forests, waters, old willows, with the whistling of birds and with every flower , who nods his head from under a hazel bush.
2) Each person must have their own happy time of discovery. 3) I also had one such summer of discoveries in the wooded and meadow side of Central Russia - a summer full of thunderstorms and rainbows.
4) This summer passed in the roar of pine forests, the cries of cranes, in the white masses of cumulus clouds, the play of the night sky, in the impenetrable odorous thickets of meadowsweet, in the warlike crows of cocks and the songs of girls among the evening meadows, when the sunset gilded the girls’ eyes and the first fog gently smoked over the pools.
5) This summer I learned again- to the touch, taste, smell - many words that existed before although known, but distant and unexperienced. 6)Previously they called only one the usual boring image. 7) But now it turns out that in every word there is an abyss of living images.
8) What words are these? 9) There are so many of them that you don’t even know what words to start with. 10) It’s probably easiest with “ rain».
11) I, of course, knew that there are drizzles, blind rains, continuous rains, mushroom rains, sporid rains, rains that come in stripes - stripes, oblique rains, heavy rolling rains and, finally, downpours (showers).
12) But it’s one thing to know speculatively, and another thing to experience these rains for yourself and understand that each of them contains its own poetry, its own signs, different from those of other rains.
13) Then all these words that define rain come to life, become stronger, and are filled with expressive power. 14) Then behind every such word you see and feel what you are talking about, and don’t pronounce it mechanically, out of habit.
15) By the way, there is a kind of law of the influence of the writer’s word on the reader. 16) If a writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he is writing about, then the reader will not see anything behind them. 17) But if the writer sees well what he is writing about, then the simplest and sometimes even erased words acquire newness, act on the reader with striking force and evoke in him those thoughts, feelings and states that the writer wanted to convey to him. 18) This, obviously, is the secret of the so-called subtext. (According to K.G. Paustovsky)
Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich (1892-1968) - Russian writer.
He wrote works on various topics, including about people of art: about artists - “Isaac Levitan”, “Orest Kiprensky”, about the poet and artist - “Taras Shevchenko”. The Meshchera region occupies a special place in his work. He wrote about this region: “I found the greatest, simplest and most ingenuous happiness in the forested Meshchersky region. Happiness of closeness to your land, concentration and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work. I owe most of the things I have written to Central Russia - and only to it."
The story “Golden Rose” is dedicated to the essence of writing.
Works:
Disheveled Sparrow
Thief cat
Basket with fir cones.
Creaky floorboards
Warm bread
Lump sugar
Telegram
Golden Rose
Meshcherskaya side
Diamond tongue
Language and nature
We wish you patience in preparing for your essay! Rest assured: perseverance, diligence and intense training will give decent results.
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For preparation for the Unified State Exam You can use the tutorial " SEMI-FINISHED ESSAYS. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. COLLECTION No. 1».
Detailed instructions on how to use the collection or if you want to use a collection of semi-finished essays, write to