Analysis of a sentence by composition is called syntactic. It is one of the first to be studied in school. At first, the process can be difficult, however, after two analyzes many people quickly find all the components. Knowledge of parts of speech, rules about the basis and secondary members of a sentence, and an understanding of the connection of words in a phrase will help in analysis. This is completed by the end of primary school, so 5th grade students complete the analysis without difficulty.

By adhering to a certain sequence, you can quickly make an analysis. To do this, you will need to pay attention to the following steps:

1. Determine what type of phrase it is: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
2. Exclamatory and non-exclamatory sentences are distinguished by their emotional color.
3. Then they move on to the grammatical basis. You need to find it, indicate the method of expression, indicate whether the sentence is simple or complex.
4. Determine the one-part and two-part nature of what is written.
5. Find additional members of the sentence. They will show whether it is common or not.
6. Using certain types of lines, highlight each minor member of the sentence. At the same time, above the word it is indicated which member of the sentence it is.
7. Indicate whether there are missing members of the sentence in the proposed phrase, which will allow you to determine whether the statement is complete or incomplete.
8. Are there any complications?
9. Describe what you wrote.
10. Make a diagram.

In order to correctly and quickly parse, you need to know what the base and minor members are.

The basis

Every stem has a subject and a predicate. When parsing, the first word is underlined with one line, the second - with two. For example, " Night has come" Here the grammatical basis is the complete phrase. The subject word is “night”. The subject cannot be in any case other than the nominative.

Next door is the predicate “came”, which describes the action performed with the subject. (Dawn has come. Autumn has come.) Depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex, one or two bases are distinguished. The statement “Yellow leaves are falling from the trees” has the same grammatical basis. And here are two basics: “The moon hid - morning came.”

Before parsing phrases, you need to find additional members of the sentence:

1. Most often the object is a noun or pronoun. Prepositions can be added to the second member of the sentence. It answers all case questions. This does not include the nominative case, since only the subject can have it. Look (where?) at the sky. Let's discuss (what?) the question. In semantic meaning, they are on the same level as a noun.
2. The definition performs a descriptive function, answering the question “Which one?” Whose?". It is often difficult to identify a member of a sentence due to the fact that it comes in two types. Concordant, when two words are in the same person, gender, number and case. Inconsistent acts as a phrase with control and adjacency. For example: “There is a bookshelf hanging on the wall. There is a shelf for books hanging on the wall.". In both cases, you can ask the question: which one? However, the difference is the consistency and inconsistency of the definition.
3. The circumstance describes the manner of action, the time. It is considered the most extensive member of the sentence. We met (where?) in a store. (When?) Yesterday we went to the cinema. I (how?) can do the exercise easily. This leads to the fact that adverbial is often confused with an addition. Here it is important to correctly pose the question from the main word to the dependent one.

Relationships when writing

It is important to say that all minor members are necessarily associated with one of the main words. The definition is part of the subject, so questions are asked specifically from this member of the sentence. But the addition and circumstance are connected with the predicate.

During parsing, the letter should indicate the minor members. If the subject and predicate are underlined with one and two lines, respectively, then the complement is highlighted with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, and the circumstance with a dot and a dash. When parsing, it is imperative to indicate in a graphical form what each word is.

Practical lesson

Consider a simple sentence:

In winter, tourists go to the ski resort.

Start with the basics. Here it is represented by the phrase “tourists are leaving.” That is, the subject is tourists, the predicate is going. This is the only basis, which means that what is written is a simple statement. Since there are additional members, it is common.

Now you can start looking for add-ons. It was not used here when writing. It is followed by the definition: to (what?) ski resort. And you can highlight the circumstances. They go (where?) to the resort, they go (when?) in winter.

This is what the sentence looks like when parsed by composition: In winter (obv.) tourists (mean) go (fable) to a ski (def.) resort (add.).

Example of a complex sentence:

The sun set behind a cloud, and light rain began to fall from the sky.

First we look for the basis. The sentence talks about sun and rain. This means that there are two bases in the sentence: the sun went down and it started to rain. Now we need to find additional members of the sentence in each base. It has gone (where?) behind the cloud; went (what?) little one, went (from where?) from the sky.

This is how you need to parse common sentences by composition:

The boy sat on the roof of the house and looked at the starry sky, attracting his gaze.

(Declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates and a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase).

Here the basis is that the boy sat and watched, so there are two predicates. Finding the minor members of the sentence. I was sitting (where?) on the roof of (what?) the house. I looked (where?) at the sky, (what?) starry. The sky (what?), attracting the eye.

That is, after finding all the components of the statement, it will look like this:

The boy (mean) sat (fable) on the roof (obv.) of the house (add.) and looked (fairy) at the starry (def.) sky (obv.), attracting the eye (def.).

Parsing a sentence is not difficult. The main thing is to follow the steps, starting with finding the main members of the sentence. They are the basis. Then they move on to the minor ones. At the end of the analysis, each of them is underlined with a certain line.

Video

From the video you will learn how to correctly parse a sentence.

Didn't get an answer to your question? Suggest a topic to the authors.

Instructions

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence into members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two, - with a wavy line, the complement - with a dotted line, and the adverbial - with alternating dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also necessary to indicate the connections between the members of the proposal and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS) or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each of them. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial clauses: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree or connecting) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-conjunctive). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (widespread or non-extended), by the presence of missing main members ( complete or ), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis according to the same scheme, but for each of its parts separately.

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Related article

The proposal scheme is not just a faculty whim. It allows you to better understand the structure of a sentence, determine its specifics, and finally parse it faster. Any diagram is, first of all, visual; You will agree that when you are dealing, for example, with Lev Nikolaevich, clarity is very necessary for understanding the proposal.

Instructions

You need to start by determining which parts of the sentence are words. First, determine the subject and predicate - the grammatical basis. This way you will already have a well-defined “stove” from which you can “dance”. Then we distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, taking into account the fact that they are all divided into a subject and a predicate group. In the first group, in the second - addition and circumstance. Please also take into account that some words are not members of the sentence (for example, conjunctions, interjections, introductory and inserted constructions), and that several words together make up one member of the sentence (adverbial and participial phrases).

Make a diagram offers, explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Video on the topic

Morphemic parsing words - parsing by composition, definition and selection of significant derivational parts of a word. Morphemic parsing precedes word formation - determining how the word appeared.

Instructions

With syntactic parsing e of a simple sentence is highlighted (subject and predicate). Then the type of sentence is determined by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring (exclamation or ). After this, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by members (common or non-common), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, a simple can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

With syntactic parsing For a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (conjunctive or non-conjunctive). If the connection is conjunction, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the conjunction: compound. If the sentence is complex, then it is necessary to find out what kind of coordinating conjunction the parts of the sentence are connected with: connective, disjunctive or adversative. In a complex sentence, the main and subordinate clauses, the means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main clause, the question answered by the subordinate clause, the type are determined. If a complex sentence is non-union, then the semantic relationships between simple sentences are determined and the punctuation mark is explained. It is also necessary to draw an outline of the proposal.

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Tip 6: How to Define an Indefinite-Personal Sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a motive, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either a subject or a predicate.

Instructions

All verbal one-part sentences have a predicate, but no subject. Moreover, in a definite-personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action relates to a specific person: “I love books,” “Find the right solution,” “Take care of honor from a young age.”

The verb can be in the first or second person singular form or in the indicative or imperative mood. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns “I”, “we”; second person – from the pronouns “you”, “you”. The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.

A sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs action. Most often it has a base and secondary members describing it. To learn or refresh your memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian.

The grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject, which directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate, an action committed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative clause), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three people in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he walked quietly along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something was disturbing me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective as a noun (the person in charge was appointed by management; the person on duty kept order).

In grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject by underlining, and the predicate by double underlining.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by a verb in any mood (the dog ran along the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominative part (a schoolboy has become a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word “will” is omitted);

Completeness of the sentence

Based on the composition of the base, sentences can be two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has fallen; where is he("is located" omitted) ?) , and one-piece. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who we are talking about (I'm doing my best(I); let's go for a walk(We));
• indefinite personal, expressed by a past tense verb in the plural (there was a noise on the floor below; they were singing somewhere in the distance);
• generalized-personal, which attribute action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you have to get into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, not implying any object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To provide detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing grammatical analysis of a sentence, they should also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread; accordingly, without them, it is considered unextended.

Complex sentences are not difficult at all

Various plug-ins complement the offer, increasing the volume of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are defined as a separate part, which is a separate point in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• isolated definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participial phrases (the kettle, heating up on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house located in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (identified as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking apprehensively, the dog extended his paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (there were scattered on the floor(What?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) slept and walked(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mom and sister(homogeneous addition));
• an address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrey, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow will most likely be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For analysis, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all of the above structures and components of the sentence. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, the city alleys, covered with a golden carpet, shimmer whimsically.

1. Identify the main members. There should be one basis, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) early autumn- circumstance, (what?) covered with a golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsical- circumstance, (what?) urban- definition.

3. Identify parts of speech:

In the previous beginning of noun. autumn n. , covered with pribl. golden adj. carpet noun , whimsically adv. ch. shimmer urban adj. alleys noun

4. Describe the signs:

• purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• by basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of minor ones (common, uncommon);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

The characteristics of this are non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian is ambiguous. Complex sentences connecting simple ones are:

An example of parsing a complex sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone gathered together at one big table.

1. All the basics are covered. There are several of them in a complex sentence: every- subject, was busy- compound nominal predicate; All- subject, were going to- predicate.
2. Identify parts of speech.

In other family noun. , regardless adv. from ave. age n. , every pronoun. was ch. very nar. busy adj. , nose. on the other weekend adj. pronoun everything. were going to for example big adj. table su sch.

1. Identify the presence of an alliance. There is a “but” here. This means that the proposal is a union one.
2. Simple ones can be characterized by their position if there is a union (point 2). This example is a complex sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if desired, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of a non-union union, this item is not indicated.
3. Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, compound.
4. Disassemble the simple ones inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by the separate definition “regardless of age”)a
• on weekends, everyone gathered around a large table (narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, complete, dist., unspoken)

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of a subordinating conjunction. It is included in the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a type of subordination, not a mandatory point, but also often taken into account.

The main thing is to remember that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. Seeing one of the words in a task should not be intimidating, since the topic is quite general and quickly learned. For foreigners it is difficult because of the great variability, but that is why the Russian language is beautiful.

To use punctuation marks correctly, you need to have a clear understanding of the sentence structure. Syntactic parsing, that is, parsing the sentence into members, is intended to help you understand it. Our article is devoted to the syntactic parsing of sentences.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the connections between words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article we will talk about how to do a syntactic analysis of a sentence, not a phrase, although they are often asked to do this at school.

Why is sentence parsing needed?

Syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to put punctuation marks correctly. In addition, it helps to understand the connection of words within a phrase. During syntactic analysis, as a rule, the characteristics of the sentence are given, all members of the sentence are determined and it is replaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used to refer to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only emphasizes the parts of the sentence.

Members of the sentence

Among the members of a sentence, the main ones are always identified first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical stem, it simple, more than one - complex.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case we say that the sentence one-piece. If both main members are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in a sentence, it is called undistributed. IN widespread the sentence also has minor members: addition, definition, circumstance; a special case of the definition is application.

if a sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, appeal), it is still considered uncommon.

When performing analysis, it is necessary to name the part of speech by which one or another member of the sentence is expressed. The children practice this skill while studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you need to indicate it, you need to describe it

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer an outline of the proposal's characteristics.

According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any type of sentence, not just incentive ones.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-piece or two-piece.

If the sentence is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal.

By the presence of minor members: widespread or not widespread.

If the proposal is complicated in some way, then this must also be indicated. This is a plan for parsing a sentence; It's better to stick to it.

Complicated sentence

A sentence can be complicated by address, introductory and inserted constructions, homogeneous members, isolated members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then you must indicate that the sentence is complicated and write with what.

For example, the sentence “Guys, let’s live together!” complicated by the address “guys”.

If the sentence is complex

If it is necessary to analyze a complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex and determine its type: conjunctive or non-conjunctive, and if conjunctive, then also complex or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence/absence of minor members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Secondary members can be expressed by different parts of speech, for example the definition:

wool skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

ironed skirt- participle;

habit of winning- infinitive...

Example of parsing a sentence

Let's look at the proposal “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: knew and You moved. Let's define parts of speech: knew- predicate, expressed by a verb in personal form, etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; Where? to the city - also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the sentence.

Now let's give characteristics. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, complex.

The first part “didn’t know” is incomplete and undistributed.

The second part is two-part, widespread. Complicated handling.

At the end of the analysis, you need to draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is designed to help you understand the structure of a sentence, so you need to indicate everything that can be associated with it. It is better to carry out the analysis according to plan, then there is a greater chance that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to identify the parts of speech and characterize the sentence.

Test on the topic

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Syntactic parsing of a sentence is the parsing of a sentence into members and parts of speech. You can parse a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help you correctly format a written analysis of a sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral syntactic analysis.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.

3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

4. Common or not common.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask questions WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

6. Define the PREDIC. Ask questions WHAT DOES? etc. Underline the predicate and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the secondary members of the sentence. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed by. Write down phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the secondary members. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed by. Write down phrases with questions.

Sample sentence parsing

The sky was already breathing autumn, and the sun was shining less and less often.

This sentence is complicated First part:

(what?) sky - subject, expressed by a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 sk., i. P.
(what did?) breathed - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view, 2 pages, unit. h., past vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in the fall - addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., narit., inanimate., 3rd class., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by an adverb

The second part:

(what?) sun - subject, expressed as a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 sk., i. P.
(what did it do?) shone - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view, 1 book, unit. h., past vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by the adverb

Example of parsing a sentence

They either flew obliquely in the wind, or lay vertically on the damp grass.

This proposal is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by a plural pronoun. h., 3 l., i. P.
(what did they do?) flew - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..flying
(what did they do?) lay down - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) vertically - a circumstance of a course of action, expressed by an adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - an adverbial circumstance of place, expressed by a common noun, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, in v.p. with a pretext
grass (what kind?) raw - definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., w.r., v.p.