This page needs significant revision. It may need to be Wikified, expanded, or rewritten. |
| Inverted question mark and inverted exclamation point |
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Characteristics |
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Name |
¿
: inverted question mark |
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Unicode |
¿
: U+00BF |
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HTML code |
¿
: ¿
or ¿
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¿
: 0xBF |
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URL code |
¿
: %C2%BF |
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Reversed interrogative (¿ ) And Exclamation point (¡ ) - punctuation marks, which begin, respectively, interrogative and exclamatory sentences in writing in some languages, for example, Spanish, Greek and Church Slavonic.
In Spanish they are called: inverted interrogative ( signos de interrogación) and exclamation point ( signos de exclamacion).
Usage
Inverted question marks and exclamation marks are used before the first letter of a question sentence.
Second edition of the Ortografía de la lengua castellana (1754), the inverted question mark and exclamation mark are recommended to indicate the beginning of a question and an exclamation, respectively [ ] . However, these rules slowly came into use [ ] . There are books from the 19th century [ which?] , where these characters were not used when typing.
They can also be combined in several ways to express a combination of questioning and surprise or disbelief. Initial marks are usually reflected at the end of sentences with the usual question marks and exclamation marks (?, !), which are used in most languages of European origin. It should also be noted that inverted characters are placed below normal ones, that is, they extend beyond the bottom line of the line. In the Spanish language, inverted question marks and exclamation marks appeared only in the middle of the 18th century, but they did not become widespread immediately. At the moment, under the influence of the English language, there is a reverse tendency - to put signs only at the end. Inverted signs were first proposed by the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language (Spanish). Real Academia Española ) in 1754 and adopted over the next century.
In computers, inverted characters are supported by various standards, including ISO 8859-1, Unicode, and HTML. They can be set directly from keyboards intended for use in Spanish-speaking countries or through alternative methods on other keyboards.
Some writers do not use these characters for short sentences. The same rule applies to the Catalan language.
Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda refused to use an inverted question mark.
When corresponding on the Internet, correspondents can omit upside down characters to save typing time.
Story
Inverted question marks and exclamation marks are widely used in Spanish and occasionally in some others of related origin, such as old standard Galician (now acceptable but not recommended) or Catalan, as well as Varayan and Asturian. In Spanish they are called inverted interrogative ( signos de interrogación) and exclamation point ( signos de exclamacion). In Spanish, when writing, question marks and exclamation marks are placed both at the end and at the beginning of a sentence: only at the beginning these marks are “upside down”
From the Spanish Wiki:
| El signo de interrogación es un signo de puntuación que denota una pregunta. Su origen se encuentra en el latín. La palabra "cuestión" viene del latín questio, o "pregunta", abreviado como "Qo". Esta abreviación se transformó en el signo de interrogación. | A question mark indicates a question. It arose from the Latin word " Questio" - question. At the end of each interrogative sentence it was written abbreviated: Qo. This contraction then turned into a ligature - a question mark. |
| En la mayoría de los idiomas se utiliza un único signo de interrogación al final de la frase interrogativa: How old are you? (inglés; en español “¿Cuántos años tienes?”). Este fue el uso habitual también en español, hasta mucho después de que la segunda edición de la Ortografía de la Real Academia, en 1754, declarase preceptivo iniciar las preguntas con el signo de apertura de interrogación invertido (¿), y terminarlas con el signo de interrogación ya existente (?) (“¿Cuántos años tienes?”) al tiempo que se ordenaba lo mismo para los signos de exclamación (¡) y (!). La adopción fue lenta, y se encuentran libros, incluso del siglo XIX, que no utilizan tales signos de apertura. Finalmente se generalizó, seguramente debido a que la sintaxis del español no ayuda en muchos casos a deducir en qué momento se inicia la frase interrogativa, como pasa en otros idiomas. | In most languages, a question mark is only placed at the end of a sentence. In Russian: “How old are you?”, in Spanish: “"Cuántos años tienes?" At first, there was only one question mark in Spanish. Only in the second edition of Spelling, published by the Royal Academy of Languages in 1754, was it prescribed to begin interrogative sentences with a question mark, only inverted:"¿", and end with the usual one.Same with the exclamation mark. However, for a long time many did not follow this rule. Even in XIX century, some books did not use the initial inverted question marks and exclamation marks. In the end, this custom prevailed, apparently due to the peculiarities of Spanish syntax, unlike other languages, which does not always allow one to guess where exactly the interrogative part of a complex phrase begins. |
| Una variante que no llegó a generalizarse fue la de utilizar la apertura sólo cuando el enunciado fuera largo, o con riesgo de ambigüedad, pero no para las frases breves y claramente interrogativas, como “Quién vive?” La influencia del inglés está haciendo retornar este viejo criterio. Incluso es común que en las salas de chat o conversaciones en línea en español se use solamente el signo (?) para preguntar, ya que ahorra tiempo al momento de presionar las teclas. Esto podría no tener gran importancia debido a que se está utilizando en conversaciones formales. | For a long time, it was customary to put initial inverted signs only in long sentences in order to exclude the possibility of ambiguous interpretation, but not in simple questions such as “Who lives here?” Now, under the influence of the English language, this old custom is returning. And in chats and ICQs, for the sake of speed, they often use only one question mark at the end. After all, in informal dialogues this is not a problem. |
Until the end of the 15th century, texts in Russian were written either without spaces between words, or were divided into undivided segments. Around the 1480s, the period appeared, and in the 1520s, the comma. The semicolon, which appeared later, was initially also used to mean a question mark. The next punctuation marks were question marks and exclamation marks.
By the end of the 18th century, the use of dashes began to be used (Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was the first to use it)...
My comment:
Double question marks and exclamation marks in Spanish are a historical accident, such as the initiative (2005) of some figure from the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences to simplify spelling: write the word “parachute” with “y”, and past participles of the perfect form (such as “made” ") - with one "n". Maybe he wanted to become famous throughout the centuries, maybe he wanted to advance in his career. It is a historical accident that (yet!) his dreams have not come true. But his Spanish colleague, who lived in the 18th century, was unlucky. So that is all!!!
A punctuation mark (!), placed at the end (and in some languages, for example, in Spanish, and at the beginning, inverted) of an exclamation sentence, sometimes an address, etc.... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Exclamation point- (Astonisher) punctuation mark [period, comma, colon, dash, ellipsis, etc.], expressing exclamation, increased intonation. Placed at the end of a sentence, and in some languages (for example, Spanish) also at the beginning of a sentence in... ... Font terminology
Exclamation mark
Exclamation mark- An exclamation mark is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence (including the words of a sentence), for example: He loves me, he loves me so much! (Chekhov); Rather, an overcoat and a hat! (A. N. Tolstoy); Right! Right! (Vs. Ivanov). Note 1. In... ... A reference book on spelling and style
A punctuation mark (!), placed at the end (and in some languages, for example, in Spanish, and at the beginning, inverted) of an exclamation sentence, sometimes an address, etc. * * * EXCLAMATION MARK EXCLAMATION MARK, punctuation mark (!), … … encyclopedic Dictionary
A punctuation mark that is placed: 1) at the end of an exclamation sentence. Oh, if only I could rise to the sky just once! (Bitter); 2) optionally in exclamatory sentences with homogeneous members after each homogeneous member to indicate... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
A punctuation mark that is placed after expressions containing surprise or invocation... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Punctuation mark. It means expressiveness at the end of a sentence (exclamation): How vast these squares are, How echoing and steep the bridges are! or when addressing: Lord! I am careless, your stingy slave (A. Akhmatova. “How vast these areas are...”; “You gave me... ... Literary encyclopedia
See punctuation marks... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Books
- Design kit "Happy Holidays!", 11 letters and an exclamation mark, . The set includes 11 letters and an exclamation mark on 2 sheets A 1 and holiday scripts for decorating a classroom, group, foyer, hall of an educational organization for the celebration of Cosmonautics Day and...
- Exclamation mark. Poems 1911 - 1915 , Tsvetaeva M.I.. ...
This page needs significant revision. It may need to be Wikified, expanded, or rewritten. |
| Inverted question mark and inverted exclamation point |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ¿¡ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Characteristics |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Name |
¿
: inverted question mark |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Unicode |
¿
: U+00BF |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
HTML code |
¿
: ¿
or ¿
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
¿
: 0xBF |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
URL code |
¿
: %C2%BF |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Reversed interrogative (¿ ) And Exclamation point (¡ ) - punctuation marks, which begin, respectively, interrogative and exclamatory sentences in writing in some languages, for example, Spanish, Greek and Church Slavonic.
In Spanish they are called: inverted interrogative ( signos de interrogación) and exclamation point ( signos de exclamacion).
Usage
Inverted question marks and exclamation marks are used before the first letter of a question sentence.
Second edition of the Ortografía de la lengua castellana (1754), the inverted question mark and exclamation mark are recommended to indicate the beginning of a question and an exclamation, respectively [ ] . However, these rules slowly came into use [ ] . There are books from the 19th century [ which?] , where these characters were not used when typing.
They can also be combined in several ways to express a combination of questioning and surprise or disbelief. Initial marks are usually reflected at the end of sentences with the usual question marks and exclamation marks (?, !), which are used in most languages of European origin. It should also be noted that inverted characters are placed below normal ones, that is, they extend beyond the bottom line of the line. In the Spanish language, inverted question marks and exclamation marks appeared only in the middle of the 18th century, but they did not become widespread immediately. At the moment, under the influence of the English language, there is a reverse tendency - to put signs only at the end. Inverted signs were first proposed by the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language (Spanish). Real Academia Española ) in 1754 and adopted over the next century.
In computers, inverted characters are supported by various standards, including ISO 8859-1, Unicode, and HTML. They can be set directly from keyboards intended for use in Spanish-speaking countries or through alternative methods on other keyboards.
Some writers do not use these characters for short sentences. The same rule applies to the Catalan language.
Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda refused to use an inverted question mark.
When corresponding on the Internet, correspondents can omit upside down characters to save typing time.
Story
Inverted question marks and exclamation marks are widely used in Spanish and occasionally in some others of related origin, such as old standard Galician (now acceptable but not recommended) or Catalan, as well as Varayan and Asturian. In Spanish they are called inverted interrogative ( signos de interrogación) and exclamation point ( signos de exclamacion). In Spanish, when writing, question marks and exclamation marks are placed both at the end and at the beginning of a sentence: only at the beginning these marks are “upside down”
Inverted question marks and exclamation marks are not found in Russian. But they are actively practiced in Spanish. Of course, those who study this language should know how and why to use them. And you and I will simply find out where the inverted exclamation and question marks came from and what they are needed for.
A little history
The inverted question mark, called signos de interrogacion in Spanish, and the inverted exclamation mark, called signos de exclamacion, have quite an interesting history.
And we will start from afar. The first question symbol was depicted in a copy of the Bible in Syria, which dates back to the 5th century. But he didn’t look like himself. The question of that time was recognized as a double point. It was placed not only at the end, but also at the very beginning of the interrogative sentence.
If you pick up ancient works written in Hebrew or Arabic, you will find that there are no punctuation marks. There is no exact evidence that the question mark came to these languages from the Syriac language. Most likely, it appeared on its own.
Interestingly, in Greece there is no question mark that we are used to. Here it is replaced only by a period, under which a comma is placed.
In the form in which we know the question mark today, it appeared only in the 16th century. And it turned out from two letters - the first and the last - the word “quaestio”, which translates as “question”. Moreover, initially the question mark looked like the letter “o”, at the top of which the letter “q” was written. Over time, these two letters became the question mark as we know it today.
How did inverted punctuation appear in Spain?
But in Spanish writing, inverted question marks and exclamation marks were introduced intentionally. This event took place in 1754 and was done by the Spanish Royal Academy.
Since then, all Spaniards simply cannot imagine books, newspapers and magazines without their inverted exclamation and question marks. They are incredibly comfortable for them. And the Spaniards themselves do not understand why other nations do not use inverted punctuation marks in writing.
This allows you to see in advance whether you are about to read an exclamatory or interrogative sentence. This means you will pronounce it with the necessary intonation from the very beginning.
Inverted question mark. Example sentences
Let us repeat - in Spanish, at the end of a sentence, a punctuation mark that is familiar to us is placed, in this case a question. But at the beginning this sign will be upside down.
As an example, a few sentences:
¿Qué día de la semana es hoy? - What day is today? Alberto ¿cuántos años tienes? - Alberto, how old are you?
¿On salido a la calle? What's the point? What's the portal? ¿en donde?
Ernesto supo que aquel tiempo vendría, pero ¿cuando?
There are some rules to remember. So, for example, if the question word is not at the beginning of the sentence, but the address is first, then an inverted question mark is placed after the address, but before the question word. As an example, take the second sentence above.
If you ask several questions at once, then only the first of them begins with a capital letter. The capital letter is not used further. But inverted questions are a must. An example is the third sentence.
Inverted exclamation point. Examples
The exclamation mark, like the question mark, is first placed upside down, and at the end of the sentence - as usual for us.
The phrase is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation. As an example - ¡pase lo que pase! Translation - where ours did not disappear.
If you need to express an interrogative sentence with exclamatory intonation, then an inverted question mark is placed first, and an exclamation mark at the end. Example - ¿De donde vienes, ingrato! Translation - Where are you from, ungrateful!