Let's look at task No. 3 from the Unified State Exam options for 2016.
Tasks with solutions.
Task No. 1.
Compounds with a covalent nonpolar bond are located in the series:
1. O2, Cl2, H2
2. HCl, N2, F2
3. O3, P4, H2O
4.NH3, S8, NaF
Explanation: we need to find a series in which there will only be simple substances, since a covalent nonpolar bond is formed only between atoms of the same element. The correct answer is 1.
Task No. 2.
Substances with covalent polar bonds are listed in the following series:
1. CaF2, Na2S, N2
2. P4, FeCl2, NH3
3. SiF4, HF, H2S
4. NaCl, Li2O, SO2
Explanation: here you need to find a series in which only complex substances and, moreover, all non-metals. The correct answer is 3.
Task No. 3.
Hydrogen bonding is characteristic of
1. Alkanov 2. Arenov 3. Alcohols 4. Alkinov
Explanation: A hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen ion and an electronegative ion. Among those listed, only alcohols have such a set.
The correct answer is 3.
Task No. 4.
Chemical bond between water molecules
1. Hydrogen
2. Ionic
3. Covalent polar
4. Covalent nonpolar
Explanation: A covalent polar bond is formed between the O and H atoms in water, since these are two non-metals, but there is a hydrogen bond between water molecules. The correct answer is 1.
Task No. 5.
Each of the two substances has only covalent bonds:
1. CaO and C3H6
2. NaNO3 and CO
3. N2 and K2S
4. CH4 and SiO2
Explanation: connections must consist only of non-metals, that is the correct answer is 4.
Task No. 6.
A substance with a polar covalent bond is
1. O3 2. NaBr 3. NH3 4. MgCl2
Explanation: A polar covalent bond is formed between atoms of different nonmetals. The correct answer is 3.
Task No. 7.
A nonpolar covalent bond is characteristic of each of two substances:
1. Water and diamond
2. Hydrogen and chlorine
3. Copper and nitrogen
4. Bromine and methane
Explanation: a non-polar covalent bond is characteristic of the connection of atoms of the same non-metal element. The correct answer is 2.
Task No. 8.
What chemical bond is formed between atoms of elements with atomic numbers 9 and 19?
1. Ionic
2. Metal
3. Covalent polar
4. Covalent nonpolar
Explanation: these are the elements - fluorine and potassium, that is, a non-metal and a metal, respectively, only an ionic bond can form between such elements. The correct answer is 1.
Task No. 9.
A substance with an ionic type of bond corresponds to the formula
1. NH3 2. HBr 3. CCl4 4. KCl
Explanation: an ionic bond is formed between a metal atom and a non-metal atom, that is the correct answer is 4.
Task No. 10.
Hydrogen chloride and
1. Ammonia
2. Bromine
3. Sodium chloride
4. Magnesium oxide
Explanation: Hydrogen chloride has a covalent polar bond, that is, we need to find a substance consisting of two different non-metals - this is ammonia.
The correct answer is 1.
Tasks for independent solution.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between molecules
1. Hydrofluoric acid
2. Methane chloride
3. Dimethyl ether
4. Ethylene
2. A compound with a covalent bond corresponds to the formula
1. Na2O 2. MgCl2 3. CaBr2 4. HF
3. A substance with a covalent nonpolar bond has the formula
1. H2O 2. Br2 3. CH4 4. N2O5
4. A substance with an ionic bond is
1. CaF2 2. Cl2 3. NH3 4. SO2
5. Hydrogen bonds form between molecules
1. Methanol
2. Methane
3. Acetylene
4. Methyl formate
6. A covalent nonpolar bond is characteristic of each of two substances:
1. Nitrogen and ozone
2. Water and ammonia
3. Copper and nitrogen
4. Bromine and methane
7. A covalent polar bond is characteristic of a substance
1. KI 2. CaO 3. Na2S 4. CH4
8. Covalent nonpolar bond is characteristic of
1. I2 2. NO 3. CO 4. SiO2
9. A substance with a covalent polar bond is
1. Cl2 2. NaBr 3. H2S 4. MgCl2
10. A covalent nonpolar bond is characteristic of each of two substances:
1. Hydrogen and chlorine
2. Water and diamond
3. Copper and nitrogen
4. Bromine and methane
This note uses tasks from the 2016 Unified State Exam collection edited by A.A. Kaverina.
1A4 Chemical bond.
Chemical bond: covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metallic, hydrogen. Methods for forming a covalent bond. Characteristics of a covalent bond: length and bond energy. Formation of ionic bond.
Option 1 – 1,5,9,13,17,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65
Option 2 – 2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66
Option 3 – 3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67
Option 4 – 4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68
1. In ammonia and barium chloride the chemical bond is respectively
1) ionic and covalent polar
2) covalent polar and ionic
3) covalent nonpolar and metallic
4) covalent nonpolar and ionic
2. Substances with only ionic bonds are listed in the following series:
1) F 2, CCl 4, KCl 2) NaBr, Na 2 O, KI 3) SO 2 .P 4 .CaF 2 4) H 2 S, Br 2, K 2 S
3. A compound with an ionic bond is formed by interaction
1) CH 4 and O 2 2) SO 3 and H 2 O 3) C 2 H 6 and HNO 3 4) NH 3 and HCI
4. In which series do all substances have a polar covalent bond?
1) HCl,NaCl,Cl 2 2) O 2,H 2 O,CO 2 3) H 2 O,NH 3,CH 4 4) NaBr,HBr,CO
5. In which series are the formulas of substances with only a polar covalent bond written?
1) Cl 2, NO 2, HCl 2) HBr,NO,Br 2 3) H 2 S,H 2 O,Se 4) HI,H 2 O,PH 3
6. Covalent nonpolar bond is characteristic of
1) Cl 2 2) SO3 3) CO 4) SiO 2
7. A substance with a polar covalent bond is
1) C1 2 2) NaBr 3) H 2 S 4) MgCl 2
8. A substance with a covalent bond is
1) CaCl 2 2) MgS 3) H 2 S 4) NaBr
9. A substance with a covalent nonpolar bond has the formula
1) NH 3 2) Cu 3) H 2 S 4) I 2
10. Substances with non-polar covalent bonds are
11. A chemical bond is formed between atoms with the same electronegativity
1) ionic 2) covalent polar 3) covalent nonpolar 4) hydrogen
12. Covalent polar bonds are characteristic of
1) KCl 2) HBr 3) P 4 4) CaCl 2
13. A chemical element in the atom of which the electrons are distributed among the layers as follows: 2, 8, 8, 2 forms a chemical bond with hydrogen
1) covalent polar 2) covalent nonpolar
3) ionic 4) metal
14. In the molecule of which substance does the bond between carbon atoms have the longest length?
1) acetylene 2) ethane 3) ethene 4) benzene
15. Three common electron pairs form a covalent bond in a molecule
1) nitrogen 2) hydrogen sulfide 3) methane 4) chlorine
16. Hydrogen bonds form between molecules
1) dimethyl ether 2) methanol 3) ethylene 4) ethyl acetate
17. Bond polarity is most pronounced in the molecule
1) HI 2) HCl 3) HF 4) HBr
18. Substances with non-polar covalent bonds are
1) water and diamond 2) hydrogen and chlorine 3) copper and nitrogen 4) bromine and methane
19. Hydrogen bond not typical for substance
1) H 2 O 2) CH 4 3) NH 3 4) CH3OH
20. A covalent polar bond is characteristic of each of the two substances whose formulas are
1) KI and H 2 O 2) CO 2 and K 2 O 3) H 2 S and Na 2 S 4) CS 2 and PC1 5
21. The weakest chemical bond in a molecule
22. Which substance has the longest chemical bond in its molecule?
1) fluorine 2) chlorine 3) bromine 4) iodine
23. Each of the substances indicated in the series has covalent bonds:
1) C 4 H 10, NO 2, NaCl 2) CO, CuO, CH 3 Cl 3) BaS, C 6 H 6, H 2 4) C 6 H 5 NO 2, F 2, CCl 4
24. Each of the substances indicated in the series has a covalent bond:
1) CaO, C 3 H 6, S 8 2) Fe, NaNO 3, CO 3) N 2, CuCO 3, K 2 S 4) C 6 H 5 N0 2, SO 2, CHC1 3
25. Each of the substances indicated in the series has a covalent bond:
1) C 3 H 4, NO, Na 2 O 2) CO, CH 3 C1, PBr 3 3) P 2 Oz, NaHSO 4, Cu 4) C 6 H 5 NO 2, NaF, CCl 4
26. Each of the substances indicated in the series has covalent bonds:
1) C 3 H a, NO 2, NaF 2) KCl, CH 3 Cl, C 6 H 12 0 6 3) P 2 O 5, NaHSO 4, Ba 4) C 2 H 5 NH 2, P 4, CH 3 OH
27. Bond polarity is most pronounced in molecules
1) hydrogen sulfide 2) chlorine 3) phosphine 4) hydrogen chloride
28. In the molecule of which substance are the chemical bonds the strongest?
1)СF 4 2)CCl 4 3)CBr 4 4)CI 4
29. Among the substances NH 4 Cl, CsCl, NaNO 3, PH 3, HNO 3 - the number of compounds with ionic bonds is equal
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
30. Among the substances (NH 4) 2 SO 4, Na 2 SO 4, CaI 2, I 2, CO 2 - the number of compounds with a covalent bond is equal
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
31. In substances formed by joining identical atoms, a chemical bond
1) ionic 2) covalent polar 3) hydrogen 4) covalent nonpolar
32. Atoms of chemical elements of the second period of the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev form compounds with ionic chemical bonds of the composition 1) LiF 2) CO 2 3) Al 2 O 3 4) BaS
33. Compounds with covalent polar and covalent nonpolar bonds are, respectively, 1) water and hydrogen sulfide 2) potassium bromide and nitrogen 3) ammonia and hydrogen 4) oxygen and methane
34. Covalent nonpolar bonds are characteristic of 1) water 2) ammonia 3) nitrogen 4) methane
35. Chemical bond in a hydrogen fluoride molecule
1) covalent polar 3) ionic
2) covalent nonpolar 4) hydrogen
36. Select a pair of substances in which all bonds are covalent:
1) NaCl, HCl 2) CO 2, BaO 3) CH 3 Cl, CH 3 Na 4) SO 2, NO 2
37. In potassium iodide the chemical bond
1) covalent nonpolar 3) metallic
2) covalent polar 4) ionic
38. In carbon disulfide CS 2 chemical bond
1) ionic 2) metal
3) covalent polar 4) covalent nonpolar
39. A covalent nonpolar bond is realized in a compound
1) CrO 3 2) P 2 O 5 3) SO 2 4) F 2
40. A substance with a covalent polar bond has the formula 1) KCl 2) HBr 3) P 4 4) CaCl 2
41. Compound with an ionic chemical bond
1) phosphorus chloride 2) potassium bromide 3) nitrogen oxide (II) 4) barium
42. In ammonia and barium chloride, the chemical bond is respectively
1) ionic and covalent polar 2) covalent polar and ionic
3) covalent non-polar and metallic 4) covalent non-polar and ionic
43. An ionic bond is formed by 1) H and S 2) P and C1 3) Cs and Br 4) Si and F
44. What type of bond is in the H2 molecule?
1) Ionic 2) Hydrogen 3) Covalent nonpolar 4) Donor-acceptor
45. Substances with a covalent polar bond are
1) sulfur oxide (IV) 2) oxygen 3) calcium hydride 4) diamond
46. There is a chemical bond in the fluorine molecule
1) polar covalent 2) ionic 3) nonpolar covalent 4) hydrogen
47. Which series lists substances with only covalent polar bonds:
1) CH 4 H 2 Cl 2 2) NH 3 HBr CO 2 3) PCl 3 KCl CCl 4 4) H 2 S SO 2 LiF
48. In which series do all substances have a polar covalent bond?
1) HCl, NaCl, Cl 2 2) O 2 H 2 O, CO 2 3) H 2 O, NH 3, CH 4 4) KBr, HBr, CO
49. Which series lists substances with only ionic bonds:
1) F 2 O LiF SF 4 2) PCl 3 NaCl CO 2 3) KF Li 2 O BaCl 2 4) CaF 2 CH 4 CCl 4
50. A compound with an ionic bond is formed when interacting
1) CH 4 and O 2 2) NH 3 and HCl 3) C 2 H 6 and HNO 3 4) SO 3 and H 2 O
51. A hydrogen bond is formed between the molecules of 1) ethane 2) benzene 3) hydrogen 4) ethanol
52. Which substance has hydrogen bonds? 1) Hydrogen sulfide 2) Ice 3) Hydrogen bromide 4) Benzene
53. The connection formed between elements with serial numbers 15 and 53
1) ionic 2) metal
3) covalent non-polar 4) covalent polar
54. The connection formed between elements with serial numbers 16 and 20
1) ionic 2) metal
3) covalent polar 4) hydrogen
55. A bond arises between atoms of elements with serial numbers 11 and 17
1) metallic 2) ionic 3) covalent 4) donor-acceptor
56. Hydrogen bonds form between molecules
1) hydrogen 2) formaldehyde 3) acetic acid 4) hydrogen sulfide
57. In which series are the formulas of substances with only a polar covalent bond written?
1) Cl 2, NH 3, HCl 2) HBr, NO, Br 2 3) H 2 S, H 2 O, S 8 4) HI, H 2 O, PH 3
58.Which substance contains both ionic and covalent chemical bonds?
1) Sodium chloride 2) Hydrogen chloride 3) Sodium sulfate 4) Phosphoric acid
59. A chemical bond in a molecule has a more pronounced ionic character
1) lithium bromide 2) copper chloride 3) calcium carbide 4) potassium fluoride
60. In which substance are all chemical bonds covalent nonpolar?
1) Diamond 2) Carbon monoxide (IV) 3) Gold 4) Methane
61. Establish a correspondence between a substance and the type of connection of atoms in this substance.
NAME OF SUBSTANCE TYPE OF COMMUNICATION
1) zinc A) ionic
2) nitrogen B) metal
3) ammonia B) covalent polar
4) calcium chloride D) covalent nonpolar
62. Match
COMMUNICATION TYPE CONNECTION
1) ionic A) H 2
2) metal B) Va
3) covalent polar B) HF
4) covalent nonpolar D) BaF 2
63. In which compound is a covalent bond between atoms formed by a donor-acceptor mechanism? 1) KCl 2) CCl 4 3) NH 4 Cl 4) CaCl 2
64. Indicate the molecule in which the binding energy is the highest: 1) N≡N 2) H-H 3) O=O 4) H-F
65. Indicate the molecule in which the chemical bond is the strongest: 1) HF 2) HCl 3) HBr 4) HI
66. The strongest chemical bond occurs in the molecule 1) F 2 2) Cl 2 3) O 2 4) N 2
67. Bond strength increases in the series 1) Cl 2 -O 2 -N 2 2) O 2 - N 2- Cl 2 3) O 2 - Cl 2 -N 2 4) Cl 2 -N 2 -O 2
68. Indicate a series characterized by an increase in the length of a chemical bond
1) O 2 , N 2 , F 2 , Cl 2 2) N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , Cl 2 3) F 2 , N 2 , O 2 , Cl 2 4) N 2 , O 2 , Cl 2 , F 2