The future perfect continuous is the future tense for processes completed in the future. It describes an activity towards a future point, emphasizing its duration.
The pre-future continuous tense is formed from the future be + have been+ present participle. Pre-future-long-term denial - will/shall not/ won't /shan't.
He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard – Hegets tired, That's whyWhatintenselyexercising
will/shall have been + -ing |
will sb have been doing sth | sb will have been doing sth | sb won't have been doing sth |
Values b future perfect continuous
future preprocesses
You will have been waiting for more than 2 hours when her plane finally arrives – Youyou'll waitarrivalherflightmore2 hours
They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives – KarrivalThomasTheythey'll talkmorehours
James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia – KotimedepartureVAsiaJameswillteachVuniversitylongerof the year
How long will you have been studying when you graduate? - How manyYoumoreyou'll studybeforerelease?
Neighboring times
As a result of the fusion of the future perfect and the future continuous, the future perfect continuous tense emphasizes both the effectiveness and duration of an activity. With verbs live, work, teach, feel You can use the pre-future and the future continuous equally. However, as a longer tense than the perfect tense, the prefuture continuous avoids other static verbs. Therefore, this time is a dynamic version of the pre-future.
She’ll have been working here for 10 years soon – SoonshealreadyHow10 yearswill workHere
By 2010, I will have been living in San Francisco for 20 years – K2010 II'll liveVSan-Francisco20 years
They might be tired when you see them because they’ll have been working hard – Theyprobablyget tired, WhenYoutheiryou'll see, - after allTheywill workonwear
By the end of next month, she will have been teaching for 20 years – Kendnextmonthsshewillteach20 years
No, I will not have been living here that long – No, IHereSofor a long timeNotwilllive
Temporaryindication
conjunctions/prepositions
by, for, until/till, when
By the time they reach York, they will have been traveling for 4 hours – KarrivalVYorkTheywill pass4 hours
Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour – JasonwilltiredByreturnhome, That's whyWhatruns throughmorehours
You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives – Youyou'll waitherarrivalTotala coupleminutes
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over 6 months by the time it is finished – Beforefinishingpaintingwillbe createdfamousartistmoresix months
By the year 2053, man will have been flying for 300 years – K2053 personwillflyalready300 years
The party will have been going for ages by the time we arrive – Kourarrivalpartywillgokisseternity
In just half an hour from now, we will have been working for 14 hours straight – Morehalf an hour- AndWelet's work it out14 hourscontract
I will have been working here for ten years next week – OnnextweekII'll work on itHere10 years
My father and I will have been breeding sheep for 20 years tomorrow – Tomorrow, my father and I will be breeding sheep for 20 years
English Joke
A young couple that had received many valuable wedding presents established their home in a suburb. One morning they received in the mail two tickets for a popular show in the city, with a single line:
"Guess who sent them."
The pair had much amusement in trying to identify the donor, but failed in the effort. They duly attended the theater, and had a delightful time. On their return home late at night, still trying to guess the identity of the unknown host, they found the house stripped of every article of value. And on the bare table in the dining-room was a piece of paper on which was written in the same hand as the enclosure with the tickets.
Long name, long formation formula and only one function in the language. If you have already guessed, we are talking about the Future Perfect Continuous or the Future Perfect Continuous and everything connected with it: rules of formation, cases of use, indicator words.
Name
In English there is more than one, or even two ways of expressing the future tense. But today we are not talking about this, or rather about one of the many means - about the temporary form of the Future Perfect Continuous. It is translated into Russian as Future Perfect Continuous Tense. The concept of Future is simple: it describes an event that will occur in the future. But what kind of action this is - helps to understand the aspect of Perfect Continuous (Perfect-long or Perfect Continuous).
Already from the name it becomes clear that it indicates that the action being described is a process that began and continued before another action or until a certain period of time. Combining these two components - time and aspect, we get the rule: the temporary form of Future Perfect Continuous means that we have before us an event that will occur earlier than another future event and will last at this moment.
Rules and examples of Future Perfect Continuous tense
An explanation of when the Future Perfect Continuous is used and what it means will become clear with the help of sentences in English with translation:
Nextyear a famous scientist will have been studying animal habits for 10years- Next year it will be 10 years since the famous scientist studied the habits of animals.
When my sisters come home my mother will have been cleaning the flat for one hour- When my sisters come home, my mother will have already cleaned the room within an hour.
In all three examples we have extended actions: will have been studying, will have been taking part, will have been cleaning. The described events last for a certain period (for 10 years - for 10 years, for how many days - for how many days, for one hour - for one hour) and will last until a specific moment in the future (next year - in the next year, by that time - by this time).
However, they may stop during this period or continue further. The event can continue not only until the set time, but also until the intended action, as given in the third sentence: when my sisters come - when my sisters come.
Notice the words that describe a specific time in the future. They are Future Perfect Continuous time markers. You can add other indicator words to the same list: till/until - before, for 5 weeks - for five weeks, by the end of the hour/day/month/year - by the end of the hour/day/month /of the year.
Education
The long name of the time implies a long formula of formation. Indeed, it consists of several formulas combined into one. Will/Shall is an auxiliary verb of the future tense (Future). The construction of the Perfect aspect is a combination of the auxiliary verb have + 3rd form of the verb, and Continuous - be + verb + -ing. Their addition leads to the following construction: subjects + will/shall + have been + main verb + -ing. The table shows how it “works” in practice in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences:
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|
Subjects + will/shall + have been + verb + -ing |
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
|
I shall (will) have been cleaning - I will clean You will have been cleaning - You will clean He (she, it) will have been cleaning - He (she, it) will clean |
We shall (will) have been cleaning - We will clean You will have been cleaning - You will clean They will have been cleaning - They will clean |
|
Subjects + will/shall + not + have been + verb + -ing |
|
|
I shall (will) not have been cleaning - I won’t clean You will not have been cleaning - You will not clean He (she, it) will not have been cleaning - He (she, it) will not clean |
We shall (will) not have been cleaning - We will not clean You will not have been cleaning - You will not clean They will not have been cleaning - They will not clean |
|
Will/shall + subjects + have been + verb + -ing? |
|
|
Shall I have been cleaning? - Will I clean up? Will you have been cleaning? - Will you clean up? Will he (she, it) have been cleaning? - Will he (she, it) clean up? |
Shall we have been cleaning? - Are we going to clean up? Will you have been cleaning? - Will you clean up? Will they have been cleaning? - Will they clean up? |
According to the classical rule of the English language for the first person singular and plural, the auxiliary verb of the future tense is shall (I/ We shall). But modern language simplifies existing orders and therefore using will instead of shall is not a mistake.
What have we learned?
Today we answered a number of questions about the Future Perfect Continuous tense: when it is used, grammatical formula, negative and interrogative construction, basic indicator words.
Test on the topic
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Many people think that Future Perfect(complete tense) belongs to the most difficult group of English tenses (Perfect), so it is not easy to master.
But this is not so, and now you will see everything for yourself.
This tense is used when you want to say that you will do something by a certain time in the future. For example: “I will lose weight by summer. She will have finished her report by Wednesday. We'll fix the car before dad comes."
As you can see, we say that in the future we will get a certain result in the future, so this is perfect - perfect tense.
Knowing this tense will significantly diversify your speech and make it richer.
In this article I will explain to you when to use the Future Perfect and how to correctly construct sentences in this tense.
From the article you will learn:
If you are not familiar with the times of the Perfect group, then I advise you to start with the following articles:
Rules for using the Future Perfect tense in English
When we use Future Perfect
1. We use the Future Perfect tense (future perfect/finished) when we say that we will finish something (get a result) by a certain point in time in the future.
For example: I will read this book by the weekend.
2. This tense can also be used to say that one action will end before another occurs.
For example: They will clean the apartment before their parents arrive.
As you can see, understanding the use of this time is very simple. Let's look at a clear example again.
For example, today you are thinking about writing a book, or maybe you have already started writing one. And you tell your friends that by the end of the year (a month, a week, etc.) you will write it. That is, you will have a finished result - a written book.
So that you do not confuse the Future Perfect tense with other future tenses, let's look at their differences.
Difference between Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
All these 3 times are very easy to distinguish. Let's see how they differ.
Difference between Future Simple and Future Perfect
Future Simple is translated as "future simple".
We use it when we talk about an action that will happen in the future. Read more about this time.
Let's look at an example:
I will fly to New York.
I'll fly to New York.
In this sentence we are talking about action as fact that will happen in the future.
Now let's look at the sentence in the Future Perfect:
In this sentence you are saying that by a certain time in the future (Friday), the action will have ended and you will receive result- you will be in New York City.
Difference between Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Future Continuous is translated as "future continuous".
We use this tense when we want to emphasize duration of action. That is, the action will begin in the future and will last for some time. You can find out more about this time in this article.
Let's look at an example:
I will be flying to New York this time.
I will be flying to America at this time.
That is, we say that in the future we will board a plane and will be in the process of flying for some time.
Let's go back to our sentence in Future Perfect:
I will have flown to New York by Friday.
I'll be in New York by Friday.
You don’t care how long you will be in flight, that is, the duration/process of the action. Is important to you result- your landing and location in New York.
Tenses comparison table: Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
| Time | Example | What do we focus on? | |
| Future Simple |
I will clean my room. |
We talk about an action as a fact that will happen in the future. |
|
| Future Continuous |
I will be cleaning my room for 2 hours. |
We emphasize the duration of an action that will occur in the future. That is, the action will begin in the future and will continue for some time. |
|
| Future Perfect | I will have cleaned my room by evening. I will clean my room by evening. |
We say that the action will end at a certain point in the future, and we will get the result. | |
Formation of the Future Perfect tense in English
Sentences in the completed future tense are formed using:
- of the auxiliary verb have, which we putin the future tense, adding will to it. It turns out will have;
- verb in the past tense.
Verbs in the past tense
We put verbs in the Future Perfect in the past tense. There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb, this form is formed as follows:
- if the verb is correct, then we add the ending -ed to it: cook - cooked, finish - finished.
- if the verb is irregular, then we put it in the 3rd form: do - done, eat - eaten
There is no rule by which we can determine the correct or irregular verb in front of us. You can only find out by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.
The same is true with forms of irregular verbs. You need to memorize them or look them up in the dictionary.
Scheme for forming an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect (future perfect tense):
Actor + will have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | ||
| You | ||
| We | read | |
| They | will have | finished |
| She | cooked | |
| He | ||
| It |
I will have cleaned our home by the time you come.
I'll clean our house by the time you come.
She will have passed her exams by the end of summer.
She will take her exams by the end of the summer.
Complex sentences in the Future Perfect
If you are talking about an action that will be completed before some other action occurs in the future, then:
- in the first part we use the Future Perfect (future complete) - we are talking about an action that we will complete in the future
- in the second part of the sentence we use the present tense ( Present Simple) - we are talking about an action that will happen after.
Wherein the verb (action) in the part where we use the Present Simple will be in the initial form.
For example:
I will have read this article before you return.
I'll read this article before you come back.
If in the second part the character is he she it, we add ending -s to our verb (action):
They will have cooked dinner by the time she come s.
They will have dinner ready by the time she arrives.
Abbreviations
We can shorten will in such a sentence
will = "ll
For example:
They "ll have built a house by the winter.
They will build a house for winter.
Words used in the future completed tense
Very often in the Future Perfect tense we use the following expressions:
by…- To…
by the end of…- by the end…
by the time…- by the time when…
by then- by that time
before- before
when- When
She will have finished it by the end of month.
She will finish it by the end of the month.
They will have built this house by then.
They will have built this house by then.
We will have fixed it by Monday.
We'll have it fixed by Monday.
Negative sentences in the Future Perfect in English
To say that you will not complete an action by a certain point, we use negation.
To form a negative sentence in the future completed tense, we add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will.
Scheme of a negative sentence in the Future Perfect:
Actor + will + not + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | |||
| You | |||
| We | read | ||
| They | will not | have | finished |
| She | cooked | ||
| He | |||
| It |
He will not have repaired a car by then.
He won't have fixed the car by then.
We will not have read an article by the time she calls.
We won't have read the article by the time she calls.
Reduction
We can shorten will and not like this:
will + not = won't
For example:
They won't have finished his work by evening.
He won't finish his work by evening.
Interrogative sentences in the Future Perfect in English
To ask whether something will be finished by a certain time, we put will first in the sentence.
Scheme of an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect:
Will + actor + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | |||
| you | |||
| we | read? | ||
| Will | they | have | finished? |
| she | cooked? | ||
| he | |||
| it |
Will they have painted the walls before we return?
Will they paint the walls before we get back?
Will she have watched the movie by then?
Will they have seen the film by then?
Answers to the question in Future Perfect
The answer to the question can be positive or negative.
We can also give:
- short answer
- full answer
Short positive answer in the future perfect tense contains the word yes, the actor and the auxiliary verb will have:
Will will have.
Will they do it by Friday? Yes.
Short negative answer starts with no, and to will we add the particle not.
Will won't have.
Will they do it by Friday? No.
Complete positive answer looks like an affirmative sentence, only at the very beginning we put yes.
Will they have done it by Friday? Yes, they will have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? Yes, they will do it by Friday.
Complete negative answer looks like a negative sentence, only at the very beginning we put no.
Will they have done it by Friday? No, they won't have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? No, they won't do it by Friday.
So, we have analyzed the Future Perfect tense. Let's practice making sentences in this tense.
Reinforcement task
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. He will buy a new car by then.
2. She won't prepare dinner before we arrive.
3. Will they finish this project by the end of the year?
4. He will draw this picture by Friday.
5. We will not translate the article by 5 o'clock.
6. Will you be back by the time we leave?
The rules for using tenses from the Perfect Continuous group provide approximately the same rules of use, with the only difference being that the emphasis is on action in the past, present or future. When the Future Perfect Continuous Tense is the focus, it is worth noting that the completed action is also at the forefront here, because this form takes a lot from the perfect; but the situation is not only about completion at a certain point.
Features of this time
The fact is that the Future Continuous Perfect is perhaps the rarest tense in the English language, but sometimes its use is quite justified. This form is used when it is necessary to show that an action at some specific point in the future will not just end, but will continue for some period of time. This may not sound very clear, but it would be more correct to give examples of the use of this tense:
· By next Tuesday they will have been working over this project for two months. (By next Tuesday they will have been working on this project for two months)
· She will have been studying Greek for three years by next month. (By next month she will have been studying Greek for three years)
· By 2025 I shall have been living here for 15 years. (By 2025 I will have lived here for 15 years)
As can be seen from these sentences, this tense form is not the most standard, but in Russian such constructions are also possible, which means they deserve discussion in English. First you need to understand the Future Perfect Progressive education scheme.
Rule of formation Future Perfect Continuous
This type of perfect continuus, relating to the future tense, is formed quite extensively. The first place is occupied by the auxiliary verb will (if the first person pronoun is used - “I”, “we” - it is permissible to use the somewhat outdated, but still used form of the auxiliary verb shall). This is followed by another perfect marker have (the use of has is excluded!), followed by the verb to be in the form (been), and the structure ends with a verb in (–ing), which is quite logical for the Continuous tense.
Future Perfect Continuous Formula
Visually, this design will look like this:
Will (Shall) + have + been + V(–ing)
Interrogative sentences
Questions in the Future Perfect Continuous are not anything unusual; everything here is formed in a standard way and according to all the laws of grammar. Due to the fact that interrogative sentences in English are characterized by reverse word order, this directly affects the construction of the sentence. The auxiliary verbs will (shall) are used first, followed by the subject (usually a noun or pronoun), and then the rest of the form construction with all the minor members of the sentence.
Question sentences look like this:
· Will you have been playing the game for 3 yours by 5 p.m.? (By five o'clock, will you have been playing this game for 3 hours?)
· Will he have been rehearsing his role for a week by tomorrow? (Will he have been rehearsing his role for a week by tomorrow?)
Sentences with negation
It would be quite logical to assume that negative constructions in the Future Perfect Continuous should not be used, although many people turn a blind eye to this. The point is that you cannot talk about a completed and lasting action at some point in the future if the action itself did not exist. Therefore, it is rare to find such a form as will not + have + been + V(–ing).
Note: similar rules for unwanted negation exist in two other forms of the Perfect Continuous – Present and Past.
Basic Use of Future Perfect Continuous
The use of the Future Perfect Continuous is typical for one single situation, and there are not several cases of use at once: this form is used when the speaker focuses on an event that began before some point in the future and continues until it. At the same time, it is possible that the action itself will stop; it is quite likely that it will continue.
The most common markers of such time are all variations with the preposition by (“to”), illustrating the time frame and the point at which the event will last for a certain period of time (by tomorrow, by next Saturday, by 2020, etc.):
· We will have been carrying out the experiment for 2 weeks by tomorrow. (By tomorrow we will have been performing this experiment for 2 weeks)
· By next month he will have been traveling around the world for 3 years. (By next month it will be 3 years since he has been traveling the world)
Note: it is important to remember that when using conjunctions when, by and the like (), which display time and carry a verb form, they are not followed by a Future, but only a Present:
By the time you come I will have been painting for a few hours. (By the time you arrive, I will have been drawing for several hours)
This tense, although not very common, is still used in English. Therefore, having understood the rule of its use, it will be much easier to apply it in your speech.
Hello, hello, my wonderful readers.
Already from the title of the article it becomes clear: neither you nor I, nor the English themselves use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense very often. But it still won’t hurt to know it, because you can go to study abroad or even somewhere you will come across an assignment with this time. Therefore, today we will analyze rules and examples, exercises with answers and even a test.
How is it formed
The education of time consists, perhaps, of everything that we have already taught before. Let's take a closer look:
Subject + auxiliary verbs will\shall + have been + predicate ending –ing. + additions and circumstances.
We shall have been producing this range of products for 6 months by the start of the year. -By the beginning of the year we will be producing this line of products for 6 months.
We shall have been spending a vacation in this country for 10 th time by the middle of the year. - By the middle of the year we will be spending our holidays in this country for the 10th time.
To make this tense negative, add the particle not immediately after the particle will or shall.
If we put the auxiliary verb at the very beginning of the sentence, we get an interrogative sentence.
When to use
The use of this tense has one simple function: to emphasize that the action lasted. With all this, we are talking about an event that will begin in the future and continue thereafter. Let's look at example sentences with translation. Note that any example can be translated into Russian with the words: “It will already [ 2 years, 3 months, 5 years, etc.] How..."
This time in two years I shall have been publishing books for 20 years. - At this time, in two years, I will have been publishing books for 20 years.
By the start of the week we shall have been preparing this financial statement for a month. - By the beginning of the week, we will have been preparing this financial report for a month (By the beginning of the week, it will have been a month since we have been preparing this financial report).
By the middle of the winter I shall have been taking part in this competition for 2 years. - By mid-winter it will be two years since I have taken part in this competition.
This is where the rule, in fact, ends. Apparently this is why it is used so rarely. But still this does not negate the need to secure it well. , where exercises with answers and a test await you. Test yourself and your knowledge and share your results and questions in the comments.
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And I say goodbye for today.