Finland or Finnish Republic- our northern neighbor. It borders with Russia in the north-west, the length of the Russian-Finnish border is 1265 km.
The official languages in Finland are Swedish and Finnish. The capital of Finland is the city of Helsinki.
The area of the state is 338,400 square km, which is approximately 50 times less than the area of Russia.
The Finnish population is approximately 5.5 million people, which is more than 25 times less than in Russia.
This country ranks 64th in the world in terms of area and 113th in the world in terms of population.
The average life expectancy in Finland is 79 years, and in Russia 66 years.
The climate in Finland is temperate, softened by sea air from the Atlantic Ocean. The average air temperature is from -7-14 C in winter to +14+17 C in summer.
Finland is a neighbor of Russia, a country of swamps and lakes
Finland - Suomi - translated means - a country of swamps and lakes. The bird that is the symbol of this country is the whooper swan. Elks, reindeer, brown bears, and wolves also live there. Finland is one of the countries with the cleanest environmental conditions.
Finland is a northern country. 25% of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle; there is even a polar night lasting up to 2 months.
What is Finland famous for?
This is probably why the northern region of Finland - Lapland is considered the birthplace of Santa Claus.
What, besides Santa Claus, is this small country famous for?
Finland in 2010 ranked first in the list of the best countries in the world, in 2012. it was recognized as the most stable country in the world and the best country for motherhood in 2014. it also took 4th place in the ranking of rule-of-law states.
Finland ranks first in the world in paper production. The steel industry is very developed in Finland. And also the high-tech sector: production of Nokia equipment, Internet services.
Approximately 8% of the entire country is occupied by agricultural land. On them, farmers engage in agriculture and livestock raising.
Winter sports are developed in Finland: skiing, alpine skiing, snowboarding and hockey. At the 2014 Olympic Games, the athletes of this small country took 18th place in the unofficial medal standings and won 5 medals: 1 gold (in men's team ski sprint), 3 silver (2 in cross-country skiing and 1 in slopestyle) and 1 bronze (in hockey ).
Finland- the birthplace of Santa Claus is one of the northernmost European states, bordering Russia, Sweden and Norway and washed by the Baltic Sea, as well as the waters of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia. Finland has been a member of the Nordic Council since 1956, the European Union since 1995 and the Schengen Agreement since 1996. The capital of the country is Helsinki, and the currency since 2002 is the euro, which replaced the Finnish mark.
Finland is known beyond its borders for its incredibly beautiful northern nature, Nokia phones, saunas and a large number of universities that produce first-class specialists in high-tech fields, training them also on a budgetary basis, which in itself is extremely unusual for a country that is part of the European Union and similar examples can be counted on the fingers of one hand.
There are several possible origins for the name of the country Suomi, the most interesting of which is that it comes from the Finnish suomu - scales, since the ancient inhabitants of Finland made their clothes...yes, from fish skin.
History of the country lovers of fish fashion begins with the end of the Ice Age, when local inhabitants settled in tribes, collected gifts of nature and obtained their daily bread using stone tools. In the 32nd century BC, agriculture began in Finland, but hunting and fishing remained the main source of food. In the Middle Ages, Finland fell under the influence of Sweden and later, in 1959, received the status of a principality. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia, together with France, began to be friends against Great Britain and forced Sweden to do this, under whose control, let us remember, Finland was also, but the Swedish king was flattered by the speeches and promises of the British and rejected the offer of the Russian emperor to help in the blockade of the metropolis. Alexander was upset and did not find anything better than to take Finland from the Swedes, which he successfully did by the summer of 1808. In the mid-19th century, a cultural upsurge and growth of popular self-awareness began. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Russian Empire tried to change the situation by starting active Russification, but this only added fuel to the fire of the struggle for independence. The 1917 revolution in Russia became Finland's chance to get what it wanted, which radical figures did not fail to take advantage of. Having gained independence, the Finns also decided to fight with Russia, three times - in 1917, 1921 and 1939. In World War II, Finland took the side of Germany, but in 1944 it signed a peace agreement and began to uproot the remnants of the Nazis from its territory. Until 1991, Finland tried to maintain smooth relations with the USSR and met its collapse in a deep crisis.
Territory Finland, which ranks 64th in the world (338 thousand sq. km.) can be conditionally divided into 3 parts - coastal lowlands along the shores of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, an inland plateau with many lakes and dense forests, as well as the northern upper reaches, most of which are located beyond the Arctic Circle. The country's climate is moderate and is a cross between maritime and continental. Despite its northern location, Finland is warmer than in the same latitudes inland - the Atlantic Ocean acts as a heater. Finland's population is only 5.5 million people (111th place), and its GDP in 2011 was $195 billion.
Despite its small size and relatively small share in global production and trade, Finland is one of the recognized leaders in the field of high technology, supplying the whole world with Nokia phones, as well as the paper industry and, oddly enough for a northern country, a third of which lies beyond the Arctic Circle, agriculture, for the maintenance of which up to 15,000 people are annually recruited on a seasonal basis, half of whom are foreigners.
Official languages The states are Finnish and Swedish. Finns also speak Russian, but the number of Russian-speaking residents is small - only 1%. Finland is recognized as one of the least religious European countries, even despite the fact that in its constitution the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Orthodox Church of Finland received state status. According to the form of government, Finland is a mixed republic, in which power belongs to the president and parliament of the country.
Awarding the winners and active participants of the quiz
On November 23, 2006, a gala meeting dedicated to the 40th anniversary of partnership between Pskov and Kuopio took place at the City Cultural Center. The official delegation included the Mayor of Kuopio, Mr. Dr. Petteri Paronen, the Chairman of the City Council, Ms. Irja Soka, and the Chairman of the City Council, Mr. Perttu Nousiainen, etc.
At the evening, the mayor of the city of Pskov, Mikhail Yakovlevich Khoronen, and the mayor of the city of Kuopio, Mr. Petteri Paronen, delivered welcoming speeches to the audience. During the evening, participants had the opportunity to get acquainted with the presented exhibition of archival documents from the collections of the State Archives of the Pskov Region and an exhibition of books about Finland from the collections of the I.I. Vasilev Historical and Local Lore Library.
The Pskov Regional Symphony Orchestra performed works to the music of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. At the evening, the long-awaited presentation by the mayors of Pskov and Kuopio of certificates and souvenirs to the winners, as well as incentive prizes for active participants in our quiz “Finland: Yesterday and Today” took place.
We remind you that 1st place was shared by two - Ekaterina Mikhailova (Humanitarian Lyceum, 11v) and Eleonora Khlebus - (Pskov Technical Lyceum, gr. 102), 2nd place - Larisa Petrovna Trichikova (technological engineer at the ADS plant), 3- 6th place - Svetlana Gennadievna Nikitina (chief custodian of GAPO). Also recognized as active participants are Alisa Rogovskaya (Pskov Technical Lyceum, group 82), Ksenia Egorova (employee of the Aerotravel travel agency), Stanislav Nesmelov (4th year, Modern Humanitarian Academy).
Photos for memory of the winners and quiz participants with guests.
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE WINNERS!
The quiz jury consists of:
Chairman:
Feda Dementievna Teslenko –
Head of the Culture Department of the Pskov City Administration.
jury members:
Olga Borisovna Druganova – chief specialist of the foreign relations department of the Pskov City Administration;
Khilya Andreevna Korosteleva – Chairman of the Pskov City National-Cultural Autonomy of Ingermlan Finns;
Liliya Pavlovna Mishukova – translator of the Finnish language;
Lyudmila Ivanovna Nikolenko – editor of the Pskov city socio-political newspaper “Pskov Time”;
Tatyana Yakovlevna Rumyantseva – head of the department of foreign relations of the Administration of Pskov;
Lyudmila Fedorovna Rusanova – head of the local history library named after. I.I. Vasileva;
Antonina Nikolaevna Tarasova – deputy. Chairman of the Pskov branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments;
Yuri Nikolaevich Terenin – postgraduate student of the Department of General History of the S.M. Kirov State Pedagogical University, deputy. Chairman of the Military History Club "Kolchuga"
summed up the results and determined the winners of the quiz:
1 place- divided by two participants with the same number of points - 37.5:
Ekaterina Mikhailova(student of the Humanitarian Lyceum, 11c) and Eleonora Khlebus(student of the Pskov Technical Lyceum, 102 gr.)
2nd place- 37 points
Larisa Petrovna Trichikova(technological engineer at the ADS plant)
3rd place– 36 points
Svetlana Gennadievna Nikitina(Head of the Department of the State Archive of the Pskov Region)
Alisa Rogovskaya, Ksenia Egorova, Stanislav Nesmelov– recognized as active participants in the quiz.
The presentation of memorable souvenirs to the winners and incentive prizes to active participants will take place during the official celebration of the 40th anniversary of partnership between Kuopio and Pskov during the visit of the delegation from Kuopio November 23, 2006.
All named participants of the quiz will be additionally informed about the place and time through the newspaper “Pskov Time”, the website of the Pskov Administration, as well as the website www.cbs.pskov.ru (Centralized Library System of Pskov).
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS QUIZ
- Finland has long been called the “Land of a Thousand Lakes”, how many do you think there are?
Answer- Finland has long been called the “Land of a Thousand Lakes,” and if we consider that all the bodies of water marked on the maps are five lakes, there are 187,888 of them. Lakes are often connected by rivers, canals and straits, forming long shipping routes. - What is the main religion in Finland?
Answer- Protestantism, or more precisely its branch of Lutheranism, is one of the main, along with Orthodoxy and Catholicism, trends in Christianity. Separated from Catholicism during the Reformation of the 16th century. Unites many independent movements, churches and sects. Protestantism is characterized by the absence of a fundamental opposition between the clergy and the laity, the rejection of a complex church hierarchy, a simplified cult, the absence of monasticism, and celibacy; in Protestantism there is no cult of the Mother of God, saints, angels, icons, the number of sacraments is reduced to two (baptism and communion). The main source of doctrine is the Holy Scripture. - Name the treaty under which the territory of Finland was divided in two in the 14th century, and in what year was it concluded?
Answer- On August 12, 1323, the first peaceful Treaty of Orekhovo (Orekhovets Peace) was concluded between Sweden and Novgorod in the Oreshek (Orekhovets) fortress, according to which the territory of Finland was divided in two. The western part of the Karelian Isthmus and the neighboring Savolaks region went to Sweden, the eastern part of the isthmus with the city of Korela remained under the rule of Novgorod. According to the Treaty of Orekhovsk, the state border of Sweden and Rus' was established for the first time, running from the Gulf of Finland along the Sestra River, on Sestra to Lake Saimaa and then North-West to the shore of the Gulf of Bothnia. - In what year and under what emperor did Finland become part of the Russian Empire?
Answer- In 1809, after many centuries of Swedish rule, Finland became part of the Russian Empire under Alexander I (as a result of the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809). By incorporating Finland into Russia, Tsar Alexander I declared that he had “raised Finland to the level of a member of the family of nations.” The new country began to be called an autonomous Grand Duchy in the empire of Alexander I. For most of the time of Russian rule, the Finns were satisfied with their ruler. They were allowed to use the old Swedish laws to profess the Lutheran faith, and the Finnish peasants, protected by the old legislation, always protected their freedom. - What animal is depicted on the national coat of arms of Finland?
Answer- The national emblem of Finland is a crowned lion with a sword raised above its head, trampling a curved saber. This is a typical, so to speak, coat of arms of a European power; images of these animals, like eagles, are typical for many countries. Perhaps this is due to the fact that lions passed from the coats of arms of princely and royal families to the coats of arms of the countries under their control. Back in 1581, the Swedish king added to himself the title of Grand Duke of Finland and Karelia, establishing a coat of arms for all Swedish territories on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia. It is significant that it was the Russian Tsar Alexander I who preserved the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Finland. Here are the true words of the royal decree on the approval of the coat of arms: “The shield has a red field, covered with silver rosettes, in which a golden lion is depicted, with a golden crown on its head, standing on a silver saber, which it supports with its paw, and in its right hand it holds a silver sword raised to the top ". The Finns kept this coat of arms, with minor graphic amendments, even after they gained independence in December 1917. It is still in force today. Before the introduction of the single European currency, it adorned the Finnish stamp, and is now minted on all Finnish cents. - Name the capital of Finland and how old was it in 2005?
Answer- In June 2005, Helsinki, the capital of Finland, turned 455 years old. Despite its relatively young age, the city’s memory has absorbed three major periods of its history: Swedish, Russian and Finnish, each of which gave the city its own experience and architectural heritage. The city was founded at the mouth of the Vantaa River by decree of the Swedish reformer king Kustaa (Gustav) Baaca on June 12, 1550. It was intended to create a Swedish outpost for international trade in the east. In 1640, by decree of Governor General Pietari Braahe, the city was moved closer to the sea to Cape Vironniemi. - In which capital city was the first Finnish university, the Turku Academy, founded?
Answer- The first Finnish university was founded in 1640 in Turku (Obu Akademi). However, after the fire that destroyed the city in 1827, it was transferred to Helsinki, which in 1812 became the capital of Finland. Currently, the University of Helsinki is the largest in the country, with about 28 thousand students. The university has five faculties: law, medicine, theology, socio-political sciences, agriculture and forestry, as well as three departments: mathematics and natural sciences, history and philology and pedagogy. - Name the mid-19th century linguist, the first professor of Finnish and related languages at the University of Helsinki.
Answer- Matthias Aleksanteri Castren in 1851 became the first professor of Finnish and related languages at the University of Helsinki. He gained world fame by making an expedition to the Asian part of the Eurasian continent. He laid the foundations for the scientific study of Samoyed languages. He was recognized as the true founder of comparative uralistics. - In what year did the Finnish Literary Society of the first half of the 19th century publish a collection of epic poetry and poems that became one of the cornerstones of Finnish culture? Name the collection and the name of the collector of folk epics.
Answer- In 1835, the Finnish Literary Society published a collection of epic poetry and poems called "Kalevala", thanks to the famous Finnish collector of folk epic Elias Lönnrot. - In what year was the parliamentary form of government adopted in Finland after independence was declared in December 1917?
Answer-
In 1919, Finland adopted a parliamentary form of government, where the central role belonged to the president and was a compromise between republicans and monarchists.
- The official language in Finland is Finnish. Name the second official language.
Answer- Finland has two official languages - Finnish and Swedish. Members of the Swedish-speaking minority live mainly in coastal areas. The exception is the Aland Islands, with a population of approximately 25,000 inhabitants, which are a demilitarized zone with their own legislation and a separate flag. The only official language there is Swedish. The Swedish-speaking minority in Finland traces its history back to settlers who arrived with Christian missionaries and crusaders in the early Middle Ages. They speak a dialect "finlandssvenska" which is slightly different from the Swedish spoken in Sweden (rikssvenska), which is especially noticeable by the intonation characteristic of the Finnish language. Today, 5.7% of Finland's population are Finnish Swedes. Their number has been continuously decreasing since the 18th century, when 20% of the population considered Swedish their native language. In Lapland (the northernmost province of Finland), the Sami (Sami) national minority still exists. They number around 5,000, and even fewer have Sami as their mother tongue, but there are now schools for Sami speakers and the language is considered official in areas where it is spoken by at least 7% of the population. - How many provinces are there in Finland at present? Name them.
Answer - Currently, Finland is divided into 5 provinces (Southern Finland, Western Finland, Eastern Finland, Oulu Province, Lapland) and the Åland Islands, which have autonomous status. Some provinces are divided into provinces. There are 12 provinces in total. And before the revolution, when Finland was part of Russia, it was divided into 9 provinces. - What is Sveaborg in Finland?
Answer - Sveaborg, a former military sea fortress built on six islands in the Helsinki raid by the Swedes, is the most significant construction monument and a unique historical landmark in Finland. Since 1919 the Museum of Antiquities. Since 1991, Sveaborg (modern name - Suomenlinna) has been included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. - Name a famous military and political figure, a national hero of Finland, who briefly served as President of the country in 1944.
Answer- The famous military and political figure Marshal Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim (1867-1951) - one of the most significant personalities in the history of Finland, a national hero - was a tactful, insightful and diplomatic statesman, in 1944 he briefly served as President. - What is the name of Christmas Santa Claus in Finland, and where does he live?
Answer- Santa Claus in Finland is called “Joulupukki” - literally “Christmas goat”. Since 1927, in the Korvatunturi mountains in Lapland, it has become the permanent residence of Santa Claus in the form of a Christmas gnome. - When was the Finland-Russia Society (Finland-Soviet Union) founded, and in what year did it resume its work?
Answer- The question of creating a society of friendship between Finland and the Soviet Union was raised, primarily by scientific circles, already in 1934, 1935 and 1939. The first society "Finland - Soviet Union" was created in May 1940. On October 15, 1944, the society resumed its work. Currently called the Finland-Russia Society. - What is the main day popularly celebrated in Finland in the summer, and in what month?
Answer- On the 3rd Saturday of June, one of the main holidays is celebrated throughout the country (the longest day of the year) - Juhanus (Midsummer's Day) (Juhannus in Finnish) or the day of remembrance of St. John the Baptist. Bonfires are traditionally lit on this day. - In which province is the highest point in Finland, Halti Hill, located? What is its height?
Answer- Some of the hills rise to a height of more than 1000 m, including the highest mountain in Finland - Halti Hill, its height is 1328 m and it is located in Western Lapland. - What is the monetary unit of Finland?
Answer- On January 1, 2002, Finland introduced a single European currency - the EURO. The new euro coins and banknotes are valid in all European countries that have adopted this currency. Therefore, while vacationing somewhere in Italy, you can pay in German or Italian euros and receive change in coins minted in Greece or Finland. And if all euro banknotes look the same, then the coins have only one common obverse side. The state emblem of the country is a crowned lion with a sword raised above its head, trampling a curved saber. Before the introduction of the single European currency, it adorned the Finnish stamp, and is now minted on all Finnish cents. The 1 and 2 euro coins depict scenes from drawings that won prizes in various competitions dedicated to the anniversary of Finnish independence. These are flying swans, of which there are a great many in the “land of a thousand lakes”, and blooming cloudberries - the most common berry in Finland. Finnish coins with denominations of 2 and 1 are numismatic rarities. Since after the introduction of the euro, all prices in Finland were legally rounded to 5 cents, the Central Bank of this country issued 2 million pieces of one- and two-cent coins. In response to the indignation of numismatists, bank officials responded that the Central Bank is not obliged to serve the needs of collectors. The cost of these coins in online stores currently reaches €12 - 15 and, most likely, will increase. - Prohibition has been in force in Finland since 1919, and in what year did it cease to apply?
Answer - In 1919, the Finnish Parliament passed a law prohibiting the manufacture, import, sale and possession of any alcoholic beverages. In the early 30s, government authorities realized the futility of the fight against drunkenness through prohibitions - “the forbidden fruit is always sweet” and on February 9, 1932, parliament, with a vote of 120 for, 45 against, abolished Prohibition. On April 5, 1932, at 10 o'clock in the afternoon, 13 years after the introduction of Prohibition, the sale of alcoholic beverages to the public began. In 1934, alcoholic drinks began to appear in restaurants. In 2004, fundamental changes occurred in the alcohol policy of Finland - since the beginning of the year, restrictions on the import of alcoholic beverages from EU countries into the country have practically disappeared.
- Which international organizations does Finland belong to?
Answer - According to the peace treaty of 1947 and the agreement of 1948 on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance between the USSR and Finland, the latter was limited in the development of external relations: it could not join organizations whose members posed a threat to the security of the USSR. Therefore, Finland did not join either the Warsaw Pact or NATO. In 1955 Finland was admitted to the United Nations (UN), and in 1956 it became a member of the Nordic Council, an intergovernmental body of the Scandinavian countries. Since 1961, Finland has been an associated member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), and since 1986 it has been a full member of this organization. In 1995 it became a member of the EU. In addition to these organizations, it is a member of: the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Food and Economic Organization of the United Nations (UNIDO), the UN Truce Supervision Organization, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Labor Organization (ILO), International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Chamber of Commerce, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, International Development Association, International Energy Agency, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Hydrographic Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Mobile Satellite Organization, International Satellite Organization Communications, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, Customs Cooperation Council, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Organization of Trade Unions, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, Organization Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Bank for International Settlements, Zangger Committee, Permanent Court of Arbitration, UN Conference on Trade and Development, Council of Europe (CoE), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Euro-Atlantic Cooperation Council, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, European Investment Bank, European Monetary Union, European Space Agency (ESA), Western European Union (observer) , Arctic Council (AC), Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), Barents/Euro-Arctic Council, Nordic Investment Bank, African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Non-Aligned Movement (guest), etc. - What is the name of the national anthem of Finland in Russian, and who is the author of the words of the anthem?
Answer - The Finnish national anthem in Russian is called “Our Land”, with lyrics by Johan Ludwig Runeberg. The history of the anthem is interesting because it is based on a poem originally written in Swedish. It was written by the Finnish poet Johan Runeberg in 1846. This poem reflected the growth of national consciousness in Finland. In the same year, the first versions of the melodies appeared, and in May 1848, the song “Our Land” to the music of F. Patius was first performed in Swedish by the Academic Choir. Many attempts were made to translate Johan Ludvig Runeberg's poem into Finnish, but the modern version of the Finnish anthem, translated by P. Kajander, appeared only in 1889. A remarkable fact is that in 1869 the Estonian J.V. Jaansen wrote a song to the same melody of Pacius, which was performed at the Song Festival in Estonia and gradually turned into the national anthem of Estonia. Finnish government authorities never made a decision on the Finnish anthem - while the issue was being resolved, "Our Land" through schools, events and radio became the national anthem of Finland. And his words sound close to the hearts of the citizens of Suomi: “Whose ridge growing above the earth, whose shore rising above the water, is more beloved than the mountains and shores of the Motherland of our fathers?” - In what year were Finnish women the first in Europe to receive suffrage and the right to stand for election?
Answer - Universal suffrage was introduced in 1906. Finland was the first European country to give women the right to vote. It is not uncommon for women to occupy ministerial positions and the highest professional positions everywhere except the church. In 1995, among the 200 deputies of parliament, there were 67 women (and in 1991 - 77). In 1996 in Finland, 61.4% of women aged 25 to 54 were working, a record high even for industrialized countries, although in 1986 the figure was even higher - 65%. Over 80% of women are employed in the service sector, and women make up almost half of the staff of government organizations and agencies. - Name the Finnish writer of the second half of the 19th century, after whom the street and lyceum in Kuopio are named.
Answer - Canth (pseudonym; real name - Ulrika Vilhelmina, nee Johnson) - Finnish writer. Born on March 6, 1844 in Tampere. Daughter of a small merchant. Graduated from a women's gymnasium. Studied at the country's first teachers' seminary. The first Kant’s works belonged to the traditional Finnish literature genre of “folk description”, they depicted the life of the Finnish village: “Novels and Stories” (“Novelja ja kertomuksia”, 1878), plays: “Burglary” (“Murtovarkfus”, 1882) , “In the House of Roinilan” (“Roinilan talossa”, 1883), “The Worker’s Wife” (“Tyomiehen vaimo”, 1885), “Children of Bitter Fate” (“Kovan onnen lapsia”, 1888), etc. Short stories: “Poor People "("Koyhaa kansaa", 1886), "According to the Law"("Lain mukaa", 1889), "Trader Lappo"("Kaupa-Lopo" 1889), "Hanna"("Hanna", 1886), "Underwater Reef "("Salakari", 1887), "Sylvi" ("Sylvi" 1893), etc. Kant always advocated for the equality of women. She died on May 12, 1897 in the city of Kuopio. The street and the lyceum are named after U. .V.Kant. - Who has the monument erected on Senate Square in Helsinki?
Answer - On Senate Square there is a monument to the progressive Emperor Alexander II (1818-1881), beloved by the Finns, by Walter Runeberg, created in 1894. Around the imperial figure there is a sculptural group: “Law” (Lex), “World” (Pax), “Light” (Lux), “Labor” Labor). - When and by whom was the charter signed in the Swedish city of Stockholm on the founding of the city of Kuopio?
Answer - Gustav III signed the charter establishing the city of Kuopio in his palace in the Swedish city of Stockholm on March 4, 1782. - In 1948, the Peoples' Friendship Society carried out a broad struggle for the conclusion of a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance with the USSR. Name a politician, member of parliament, an active participant in this struggle, a native of Kuopio.
Answer - An active participant in the struggle for the conclusion of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance with the USSR in 1948, a member of parliament from Kuopio was named Lenart Helyas. - Name the city and the name of the place, which includes 11 wooden houses from the 18th – 19th centuries, representing an open-air museum.
Answer - The historical quarter of the city is an open-air museum - the Old Quarter of Kuopio (Old Kuopio), which includes 11 wooden houses of the 18th - 19th centuries, the interior of the premises recreates the home decoration of families of different lifestyles and work premises of the period of the 19th century. - Name the city where the residence of the Archbishop of the Orthodox Church is located. Since what year?
Answer - The city of Kuopio has been the seat of the Archbishop of the Orthodox Church since 1966. - Name the governor of Kuopio, who in the late 80s of the 19th century gave preference to the railway. In what year did the official opening of the road take place?
Answer - The governor of Kuopio, General Aleksander Jarnefelt, gave preference to the railway over water canals. The official opening of the road took place on November 1, 1889 from Helsinki to St. Petersburg.
- In the first half of the 19th century, one of the Russian emperors paid a visit to Kuopio, after which a new building was built for the primary school. Name the emperor, as well as the name of the architect who designed the school building. Answer: As a result of the visit of the Russian Emperor Alexander I to Kuopio, a new building for the primary school was built according to the design of the famous (even abroad) architect Carl Ludwig Engel in 1826.
- In what year and what year did Kuopio become a sister city (now a partner city) of Pskov? Answer: On May 10, 1966, Kuopio became the first twin city (partner city) of Pskov.
- In 1986, a monument to A.S. Pushkin by sculptor Oleg Komov was erected in Kuopio. What did the Finns present as a gift to Pskov in the same year? Answer: In 1986, a monument to A.S. Pushkin by sculptor Oleg Komov was erected in Kuopio. In the same year, the Finns presented Pskov with a monument to the famous Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, sculptor Toivo Jaatinen.
- Thanks to which Finnish figure, in the 1840s, Kuopio became the leading city in Finland in the newspaper business and various educational institutions were created? 2006 marks the 200th anniversary of his birth. Answer: Thanks to Ehan Wilhelm Snellman, various educational institutions were created in Kuopio, both for women of the upper classes and for children from working families, apprentices and students of working professions. Kuopio became Finland's leading city in the newspaper business, publishing the newspaper Saima, The Farmer's Friend.
- Whose and where is the unique collection of “Old Man Barso”, consisting of 70,000 glass negatives, preserved in one of the museums in Finland? Answer: Photographer Viktor Barsokevich, who captured for history the way of life of Kuopio and its surroundings at the turn of two centuries. The unique collections of "Old Man Barso", consisting of 70,000 glass negatives, are preserved in the Kuopio Cultural and Historical Museum.
- The first ambassador of Pskov culture in Kuopio in 1968 was the boys' choir under the direction of Yuri Merkulov. Name the Pskov choir that visited Kuopio more than once in subsequent years. Answer: The Pskov choir, which visited Kuopio more than once in subsequent years, is the Pskov Russian folk choir under the direction of Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov.
- What high rank was awarded to the head of the office of the Kuopio city administration in 1995 by the Resolution of the Pskov City Duma. Say his name. Answer: In 1995, by the Resolution of the Pskov City Duma, the first foreigner was awarded the high title of Honorary Citizen of Pskov to the head of the office of the Kuopio city administration, Heikki Viitala.
- In honor of what date was Kuopio Park founded in Pskov? Name the year. Answer: In honor of the 25th anniversary of the twinning of Pskov with Kuopio, Kuopio Park (Finnish park) was founded in 1991.
- Name the museum, city, date of foundation of the museum, where the collection of Russian icons, silver and gold church objects, exhibits from Karelia, Vaalam Konevets is located. Answer: A collection of Russian icons, silver and gold church objects, exhibits from Karelia, and specialized exhibitions are located in the Museum of the Orthodox Church of Finland in Kuopio, founded in 1957.
- Since what year has a dance festival been held in Kuopio every year in June? Write its name in Finnish. Answer: Dance festival “Kuopio Tanssii ja Soi” - the largest and oldest international festival has been held in June in Kuopio since 1970.
Finland is Russia's closest northern neighbor, often visited by our compatriots. You usually come across diametrically opposed reviews from tourists about Finland: some are delighted with what they see, others contemptuously call Finland a big village. I would call Finland a gateway to Western Europe, and a gateway that is hospitably open to Russia.
Finns have a good attitude towards Russia. However, this is not surprising, since Finnish statehood itself arose thanks to the efforts and goodwill of Russia. This happened at the beginning of the 19th century, when Finland was annexed to Russia. Alexander I did not impose Russian orders here, but on the contrary, provided Finland with maximum political and economic freedom. As it is now fashionable to say, Finland received broad autonomy within the Russian Empire. Moreover, the Finns not only preserved their customs and language, but also for the first time in their history received a powerful impetus for development: a written language was created, their own writers and artists appeared, the construction of Helsinki began, to which many well-known architects had a hand. The Finns had their own parliament and money. From a powerless Swedish province, Finland has turned into an almost independent state. The final freedom of Finland was granted by grandfather Lenin after the October Revolution. And although later in our history there were unpleasant moments associated with the winter campaign of 1939 and the Great Patriotic War, when our countries found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades, this did not spoil our relations. The Finns gratefully perpetuated the memory of our rulers - a monument to Alexander was erected in the central square of Helsinki at the foot of the cathedral; there seems to be no monument to Lenin, which is why one of the streets bears his name. From Finland the acquaintance with Western Europe begins for fans of bus tours from the “Gallop across Europe” series. And this is humane, since one cannot immediately confront an unprepared tourist with the delights of Italy or France. The discreet beauty of Finland helps tourists gradually adapt and get used to European culture. Many people come to Finland and specifically, travel agencies offer many trips for one to three days. It turns out quite inexpensive.
You will find stories about visiting other European countries on my home site http://eurotour.narod.ru/.
The journey by comfortable bus from St. Petersburg to Helsinki takes about six hours: 120 km from St. Petersburg to Vyborg, another 60 km to the border and 180 km from the border to Helsinki. The tail has to cross the border, and its length is unpredictable in advance - despite the presence of modern customs terminals, waiting for your turn can take a long time. However, tourists traveling through Finland further to Europe may be warmed by the thought that this is the only border where you will have to present documents; you will not need them anywhere else, and you will not notice the borders.
Helsinki
Helsinki is a relatively young city that does not pamper tourists with an abundance of attractions. Therefore, it is important not to miss what is there. So, what should you see in Helsinki? Let's start with the central square of the city - Senate Square. The Finnish Senate meets here, the university is also located here, the monument to Emperor Alexander rises in the center, and the dominant feature of the square is, of course, the Cathedral, to which you have to climb a steep staircase. The cathedral, like most churches in Finland, belongs to the Lutheran concession. It is always open to visitors. Nearby, also on a hill, is the Orthodox Assumption Cathedral; we were unable to get into it, since it opens only during services. Go ahead. It is best to travel on foot, since Helsinki is a very small city, especially when compared with Moscow or St. Petersburg. The central street of Helsinki is named after Mannerheim, and there is also a monument to Mannerheim. Most of the large shops are located on this street, but the prices make you think about the frailty of existence. However, there are some sales going on everywhere, so after a long search, you may be able to buy something relatively inexpensive. Marshal Mannerheim is a national hero of Finland. By the way, he not only managed to build and defend a fortified area on the Karelian Isthmus, but also served in the tsarist army. Even Joseph Stalin, apparently, treated Mannerheim with respect; in any case, he did not persecute him after the end of World War II; moreover, he allowed him to become president. I think that for this the Finns should once again be grateful to Russia, which did not impose socialism here after the war and allowed Finland to go its own way.
The church in the rock is a somewhat extravagant structure, actually carved out of a granite massif. Here it is worth raising your eyes and looking at the ceiling made of copper tape. A very popular place for weddings, and concerts are also held here.
Sibelius Memorial. Sibelius, it turns out, is not only the Petersburg-Helsinki train, but also a Finnish composer. The monument consists of many pieces of pipes welded into a single whole, all of which symbolize an organ. The composer's head is slightly to the side. The memorial itself is a very beautiful place, especially in summer. There is a lot of greenery and flowers here. Local residents love to relax here, sitting on benches or right on the grass.
What else? You can also walk to the port and admire the huge Silja Line and Viking ferries. By the way, little Finland itself produces these huge ships, not only for Scandinavian lines, but also for the USA. True, the shipyards themselves are slowly passing into the hands of the Norwegians. If we are already talking about industry, then I would also like to remember the Nokia company, which produces not only mobile phones, but also televisions. Small Nokia TVs are ubiquitous in Finland, and even in Sweden - they are a must-have in hotel rooms and even cabins on ferries.
Perhaps this is all about Helsinki. However, in addition to sightseeing, you can find many other entertainments in Finland. You should definitely visit the water park, where you can easily spend the whole day, visit the sauna, go skiing or sledding if it happens in winter, and finally sit in a restaurant. I don't think you'll be bored.
Turku
Turku is much older than Helsinki. Its history goes back centuries. The city was built by the Swedes, which is why it has a second name – Abo. The Turku Cathedral is of greatest interest. It began to be built back in the 13th century. Initially, the sponsor of the project was a local resident who married the Swedish king, became queen, and after the death of her husband returned to her hometown and donated all her funds to the construction of the cathedral.
Later, the cathedral was rebuilt several times, expanded, and side borders appeared. Bishops and other influential people of bygone times are buried here. Now there are 1,400 places for parishioners. In addition to the Cathedral, several other ancient churches have been preserved in Turku, for example: the church in Kaarina, consecrated in 1351, the Church of Mary, where a wooden crucifix of Christ from the 14th century is kept, and a small wooden church in Kuusisto, built at the end of the 18th century.
You will definitely end up in Turku if your path lies further to Sweden. Usually here the bus is loaded onto the car deck of the ferry, and tourists disperse to their cabins. However, few people hole up in their cabins, since the ferry has everything so that the night journey to Stockholm does not seem long to you. Shops, restaurants, discos, everything sparkles and shimmers with millions of lights. Finns and Swedes buy beer and stronger drinks here by the boxload, since prices are significantly lower than on the shore. Both Finnish marks and Swedish kronor are in use, and cards, of course. For just $20 you can order an all-inclusive dinner, including wine, and stay in the restaurant all the way to Stockholm. It seems that many people do this, so in the morning they look somewhat rumpled, and all the decks are strewn with beer cans. But in the morning there is no time to pay attention to such trifles, because Stockholm is ahead!
Sergey.
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I’ll jot down a small summary of brief notes for myself based on the results of my visit to Finland.
1. For some reason, it used to seem that the Germans were the calmest and slightly boring Europeans. After visiting the country of a thousand lakes, I can say with confidence that these are the Finns. The features of the “Nordic, self-possessed character” familiar from Lioznova’s film are most accurately expressed in them.
2. Unemotional, taciturn, rational. External features include round eyes and blond hair.
3. The most acute emotional impression was... someone carelessly leaving a bag in a fairly crowded place. My surprise at what had happened was met with the everyday phrase that here " don't steal". In general. Well, this is not accepted among them. It’s hard for me to imagine something like this in Russia, Belarus or Ukraine. As a rule, something that is bad just leaves its place. With the Finns it’s a little different.
4. It's common to troll Estonians about long words (double vowels) and slow speech, but Finns speak even slower.
5. In our bathhouse it is customary to actively steam, sometimes even consuming alcoholic beverages. The average Finn can simply climb onto a shelf, stare in one direction and sit there for quite a long time. No emotions, just relaxation in Finnish style.
6. One of the most alcoholic nations in Europe, despite the fact that you won’t find drug addicts and drunks on their streets. Strong alcohol is sold only in large stores, and there is a temporary restriction on its sale. Their beer is not bad, however, everything below 5 revolutions is watery, fresh UG.
7. It will be difficult for a Slavic person to find a friend among the Finns. They don’t immediately let you get close to them, very often they don’t express any emotions, and in general, going to visit each other is a priori the event of the month. Just chatting about life or just borrowing salt like a neighbor is not about them.
8. Looking at the natural landscapes of Finland, I never cease to be amazed at the idiotic decision of the political leadership of the Soviet Union to start a war against the Finns... in winter (!), which resulted in huge losses for the Red Army. Frosts, wooded areas, diluted with ponds that do not always freeze, granite landscape. There are also “cuckoo” snipers. Looking at the natural calm of the Finns, I am not surprised that there were so many of them, snipers, who single-handedly killed almost hundreds of Soviet soldiers and officers.
9. The Finns have a clearly expressed national identity, but they do not have extreme nationalism, the so-called “hurray-patriots”, “Svidomo” and others. They have a cult of national products; they even give famous world brands their names and names, which are almost impossible to read due to the philological specifics of the Finnish language. For example, they interpret the well-known concept of “computer” as a “smart machine”. Understand as you know. On store shelves there are mostly only their own goods.
10. Urban settlements are extremely compact, there are practically no traffic jams, people commute to work outside the city.
11. The best vacation for Finns is solitude in a house in the forest. This is the only way for them to rest. No dacha complexes, gatherings with neighbors in the area, just a secluded way of existence. Just a paradise for misanthropes.
12. Almost every second Finn has a sauna, almost every hotel has a sauna, there are saunas almost everywhere.
13. Finland is one of the safest countries in terms of crime. The majority of crimes are committed by migrants, among whom... people from the Russian Federation stand out.
14. Prices for food and goods are high, it is better to go to the Baltics to stock up. The Finns themselves often do just that.
15. In Finland it is good to “have a house in the village”, but I would not want to stay there for permanent residence.