What are interrogative pronouns used for in English? Interrogative pronouns in English.

There are several types of pronouns in English. Each of these types has its own functions and its own speech coloring in the language. Therefore, each type of pronoun is needed and important in the English language.

On our website we have already discussed some types of pronouns. Today we look in detail at interrogative pronouns in English.

From the very name of pronouns it follows that they serve to form questions. Today we will talk about how this is done and what other functions of interrogative pronouns.

Friends, you know these words well, without which it is impossible to formulate a question in English. It's just possible that you didn't realize that these words are called interrogative pronouns or Interrogative Pronouns. Attention, here they are:

• Who? - Who?
• What? - What?
• Where? - Where? Where?
• When? - When?
• Why? - Why?
• How? - How?

Interrogative pronouns help form a special question or Special Question in English. Now let's look at each pronoun separately.

Who? - Who?

This pronoun refers to people, and in the question it acts as the subject. In this case, when forming a question, we do not use an auxiliary verb Do. In addition, the verb that comes immediately after Who? Must be in the third person singular. Note:

• Who knows the answer? - Whoknowsanswer?
• Who are these women? - Whothesewomen?
• Who wrotethisletter? - Who wrote this letter?

What? - What?

Pronoun What? Refers to inanimate objects. With it, we construct a question when we want to find out something about an object, actions or circumstances. With this pronoun we use an auxiliary verb Do in the question (if we are not talking about a verb tobe). For example:

• What did you answer him? - WhatYouto himanswered?
• What is your name? - Howyouname is? (What is your name?)
• What do you wish for your help? - WhatYoudo you want for your help?

Where? - Where? Where?

We use this pronoun when we want to ask about the location, location, etc. With this pronoun we also use the verb Do tobe:

• Where did you meet Sam? - WhereYoumetSam?
• Where does Suzy go every morning? - WherewalksSusieeachmorning?
• Where did they bring the TV-set? - WhereTheysufferedTV?

When? - When?

Pronoun When? We use it when we want to ask about the time. We also use the verb Do, if we are not talking about a verb tobe:

• When do you go to bed? - WhenYougo to bedsleep?
• When does Alex get up? - WhenAlexwakes up?
• When did you see him for the last time? - WhenYousawhisVlastonce?

Why? - Why?

This pronoun helps to ask a question about a reason or purpose. To form a question with this word, use the verb Do, if we are not talking about a verb tobe:

• Why did you get up so early? - WhyYouawokeSoearly?
• Why is Andrew so tired? - WhyAndrewsuchtired?
• Why do the children cry? - Whychildrencrying?

How? - How?

This pronoun helps to ask a question about the manner of action, and also participates in the question “How much?” - How many? We also follow the auxiliary verb rule Do, if the question does not involve a verb tobe:

• How hereyourparents? - How are your parents?
• How did you get all these things?
• How many tickets did you get for tomorrow?

How to navigate interrogative pronouns?

In order to quickly learn and be well versed in English interrogative pronouns, you need to practice asking special questions in English as much as possible.

Choose long sentences that contain as much information as possible and to which you can ask as many specific questions as possible. Such sentences can be found in textbooks or fiction in English. Eg:

Alex studies English, because he goes to London next year.

• Who studies English?
• Who goes to London next year?
• What language does Alex study?
• Why does Alex study English?
• What does Alex do next year?
• Where does Alex go next year?
• When does Alex go to London?

As you can see, we asked seven questions for a fairly short sentence. Try it too! Ask mental questions to everything you see around you, to everything that happens. Use interrogative pronouns as often as possible and you will definitely become friends with them! We wish you good luck!

Hello my dear readers.

If you are also a fan of asking questions, then the topic “Interrogative pronouns in English” may become one of your favorites. In it, my students and I analyze in detail what is used for what. So expect examples, rules and exercises today.

What is it?

Interrogative pronouns usually begin. That is, they are used to identify the person or subject of an action. The main words include who, what, which, whose. But we will also look at a couple more not so popular ones.

Total analysis

I have a table for you with translation and transcription of all the pronouns that you can use in interrogative sentences. It will be understandable for both children and adults who are just starting to learn.

Pronoun	Example
Who- Who	Whowas that man who called you so late?- Who this manwho called you so late?
What- What	Whatis the problem?- What behind problem? Whatdid you buy? -Whatdid you buy?
Which-Which, which	Whichis the answer correct?- Which answer correct?
When- When	When are you planning to finish the presentation? – When are you going to finish your presentation?
Whose- Whose, whose	Whosecar is this?- Whose This car?
Additionally
Whom- To whom	Whomare you writing to?- To whom You you write?
Why- Why	Why didn't’ t you call me? - Why didn't you call me?
Where- Where, Where	Wheredid your brother go?- Where let's go is yours Brother?
How- How	Howdid you manage to do it in time?- How You coped With this during?

Tips to learn

Of course, in general everything is quite simple. But there are a few more features that you need to remember.

• in modern English, a question is most often placed at the end of a sentence.

Who are you going to spend Christmas with?-Cby whom You are you going to conduct Christmas?

With whom are you going to spend Christmas?

• If you don't know what to put: which or what- check if you have a choice. If for example you need to choose from 2 colors then use which. If there is no choice, use what.

There is only red and green pencil. Which color do you prefer? - There are red and green pencils here. Which color do you like best?

What colors do you like the most? - What colors do you like best?

• Very often in language you can find the forms how much or how many. And both options have the meaning “how much”. The only difference is that the first form is used with objects that cannot be counted. For example, time- time. The second form is with objects that can be counted. For example, pictures- paintings.

How much time does it take -How many time This takes?

How many pictures did you buy? -How many paintings You bought?

• The pronoun whose is used more like an adjective. And it is usually followed by a noun.

Whose doll is it? -Whose This doll?

Whose folder is this? -Whose This folder?

Well, my dears, I hope that I have cleared up all your existing ambiguities in this topic. Of course, how could it be without practice? It wouldn't be me if I forgot such an important part. Therefore, you will find further. And of course, I won’t leave you in the dark - you can read the answers when you’re done.

Share in the comments if you have any confusion in this lesson and what questions you have. I will definitely answer everything, everything, everything.

In the meantime, it's time to say goodbye.

See you later, my dears.

The main task of interrogative pronouns is to make the question correct and literate. Interrogative pronouns in English are determined by the words who, what, which, whose. The function of these indicator words is to indicate an object, person, sign, number, etc.

who	Who
what	what, what
which	which, which (who, what)
whose	whose

Examples:

• Who took my umbrella without permission? => Who took my umbrella without permission?
• What did you see while talking to Henry? => What did you see while you were talking to Henry?
• Whose cake was eaten on holiday? => Whose cake did you eat for the holiday?
• Which phone was stolen last week? => Whose phone was stolen last week?
• Which of you listens to music? => Which of you (which of you) listens to music?

From the examples it is clear that who refers to living beings, in particular people, and what refers to objects. The same is with other interrogative pronouns: whose should be used when we talk about something belonging to people, animals, and so on, for example, their things or objects, which - when we are talking about choosing between objects. But! Pay close attention to the context! It happens that which refers to living beings.

Interrogative pronoun who (whom)

To begin with, we would like to immediately emphasize that the interrogative pronoun who has two cases: nominative and objective. Each has its own usage characteristics.

You need to use who (nominative case) in the following cases =>

• In the function of the nominal part of the predicate (in this case, you need to remember about the linking verb to be, which needs to be coordinated in number with the subject)
• In the function of the subject (as in Russian, the pronoun should be combined with verbs in the singular).

Examples

• Who has to cope with it? => Who should handle this?
• Who is that person? => Not my wife’s best friend. => Who is this person? - This is my wife's best friend.
• Who are these pretty girls? They are my schoolmates => Who are these cute girls? These are my classmates. (The pronoun who is used as a nominal part of the predicate).

Examples with who in the objective case (when we use whom):

• Whom did she see in Spain? => Who did she see in Spain?
• Whom did you give your pencil? =>Who did you give your pencil to?

On a note! If we are talking about events that are currently happening, it is recommended to use who instead of whom.

• Who are you talking to? -> Who are you talking to?

Reference: There are cases when interrogative pronouns are used with prepositions that are placed at the end of an interrogative sentence =>

• Who are you searching for? — Who are you searching for? => Who are you looking for?

Interrogative pronouns what/whose

The interrogative pronoun what can be used as a noun and an adjective. If a pronoun plays the role of a noun, then it is translated as ‘’what’’, if an adjective – as ‘’which/which/which’’. (After you do the appropriate exercises, you will stop being confused about these pronouns)

• What did you want? => What did you want?
• What pens will you send as a gift? => Which pens will you send as a gift?

On a note! Remember the articles! If what/whose are adjectives, then the article is not placed before the noun.

• What plate (plates) can we take to put some cakes on it? => What plate(s) can we take to put some cakes on?
• Whose magazine (magazines) do you want to ask for? => Whose magazine(s) do you want to ask for?

Reference: When learning English, you should remember that if a pronoun has a defining function, then it should always be placed before the noun that it defines. At the same time, remember that in Russian interrogative pronouns can be determined from a noun in other words.

Examples

• What pencil (as a definition) can I take? =>Which pencil can I take? — What pencil can I take?

If we are talking about the interrogative pronoun what, then it is important to remember that it should be used to define abstract concepts, animals and inanimate objects. If we are talking about people, then what is used only when we are talking about a person’s profession.

Examples

• What is it? It is a nightingale => Who is this? This is a nightingale.
• What are these guys? They are doctors => Who (who are) these guys? They are doctors.
• What is your mother? She is a stewardess => Who is your mother? She's a flight attendant.

Note! There are cases that what is used with a preposition, which, in most cases, is placed at the end.

Examples

• What are you speaking about? =>What are you talking about?
• What are you thinking of? =>What are you thinking?

You see, everything is as simple as two or two. But in order not to forget tomorrow what you learned today, do simple exercises.

The interrogative pronoun which and features of its use

The interrogative pronoun which should be used in cases when we are talking about the choice of something or someone represented/represented in a limited number of phenomena, objects and persons. The pronoun answers the questions which, which, what and who.

• Which do you enjoy more: sweet or bittersweet one? => Which do you like better: sweet or bittersweet?
• Which color is more popular for wedding dress: white or with a tint of champagne? => Which color is more popular for a wedding dress: white or champagne?
• Which of you bake cookies? => Which one of you (who) bakes homemade cookies?

As you can see, the theory is very simple, but to consolidate knowledge, we recommend doing exercises. Start with easier ones and gradually move on to more difficult tasks, so you will learn to cope with complex tasks without much difficulty.

Let's sum it up

Interrogative pronouns in English are an important topic for anyone who wants to learn how to ask questions correctly and understand them. It is important to remember that in English some pronouns refer to animate beings, others to inanimate ones. But... there are those who can relate to both. By regularly doing exercises and learning new words, you will soon expand your vocabulary and be able to communicate freely on various topics.

who- Who, what- what, which, whose- whose, which– which, which, who, what. They indicate the person, object, attribute or number about which the question is being asked.

Examples:Who is present today? – Who is present today?
What is on my table? -What's on my table?
Whose cup of tea is this? – Whose cup of tea is this?
Which of you speak English? – Which of you (who) speaks English?

Interrogative pronoun who (whom)

1. English interrogative pronoun who has two cases: Nominative case And objective case.

Pronoun who in the nominative case used in the following functions:

• As a subject(combined with singular verbs, as in Russian);
• As a function of the nominal part of the predicate(consistent in number with the subject);

Examples:Who has it done? - Who did it? (as a subject)
Who is he? – He is Mr. Rogers. - Who is he? He is Mister Rogers. (as a function of the nominal part of the predicate)
Who are these boys? They are my brothers. -Who are these boys? They are my brothers. (as a function of the nominal part of the predicate)

Pronoun who in the objective case (whom) used:

• In addition function;

Examples:Whom did you see there? -Who did you see there?
Whom did you give your book? – Who did you give your book to?

Note! Currently, there is a tendency to use who instead of whom.

2. Sometimes a pronoun who (whom) used with a pretext

Examples:Whom are you looking at? = Who are you looking at? - Who are you looking at?

Interrogative pronouns what and whose

what used as and has a translation What, and is also used as and has a translation which, which, which.

Examples:What has happened? - What's happened?
What books are you reading? - What books do you read?

2. If the pronoun what and pronoun whose are used as adjective pronouns, then before a noun, in this case it is not used.

Examples:What bag (bags) can I take to go to shopping? –What bag(s) can I take to go to the store?
Whose book (books) are you reading? – Whose book(s) are you reading?

3. In English Interrogative pronouns in the defining function are always placed before the noun being defined. In Russian Interrogative pronouns can be separated from the noun by other words.

Examples:What pen(only this way in the definition function) can I take? – Which pen I can take? = Which I can take handle?

4. Interrogative pronoun what used in relation to inanimate objects, animals and abstract concepts. Regarding people pronoun what used when talking about a profession.

Examples:What is it? It is a dog. – Who (who is) this? This is a dog.
What are your friends? They are students. – Who (who are) your friends? They are students.
What is your father? He is a doctor. – Who (who is) your father? He is a doctor.

5. Sometimes a pronoun what used with a pretext, which is usually placed at the end of an interrogative sentence.

Examples:What are you looking at? -What are you looking at?
What are you talking about? - What are you talking about?

Interrogative pronoun which

1. Interrogative pronoun which translated into words which, Which, Who, What when it comes to choosing from a limited number of persons, objects or phenomena.

Examples:Which color is more popular for iPhone 5: black or white? –Which color is more popular for iPhone 5: black or white?
Which do you like more: skating or skiing? – What do you like more: skating or skiing?
Which of you speaks French? – Which of you (who) speaks French?

A pronoun is a special class of significant words that indicate an object without naming it. To avoid tautology in speech, the speaker can use a pronoun. Examples: I, yours, who, this, everyone, most, all, myself, mine, other, another, that, somehow, someone, something, etc.

As can be seen from the examples, pronouns are most often used instead of a noun, as well as instead of an adjective, numeral or adverb.

Pronouns are typically divided into categories according to meaning. This part of speech is focused on names. In other words, pronouns replace nouns, adjectives, and numerals. However, the peculiarity of pronouns is that, replacing names, they do not acquire their meaning. According to established tradition, only modifiable words are considered pronouns. All unchangeable words are treated as pronominal adverbs.

This article will present the meaning and grammatical features, as well as examples of sentences in which certain pronouns are used.

Table of pronouns by category

Personal pronouns	I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they
Reflexive pronoun
Possessive pronouns	my, yours, ours, yours, yours
Demonstrative pronouns	this, that, such, so much
Determinative pronouns	himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, other
Interrogative pronouns	who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which
Relative pronouns	who, what, how, which, which, whose, how many, which
Negative pronouns	no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing
Indefinite pronouns	someone, something, some, some, several, some, anyone, anyone, anything, some, some

Pronouns are divided into three categories:

1. Pronominal nouns.
2. Pronominal adjectives.
3. Pronominal numerals.

Personal pronouns

Words indicating persons and objects that are participants in a speech act are called “personal pronouns”. Examples: I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they. I, you, we, you denote participants in verbal communication. The pronouns he, she, they do not participate in the speech act; they are reported to the speaker as non-participants in the speech act.

• I know what you want to tell me. (Participant in a speech act, object.)
• You must read all the fiction on the list. (The subject to whom the action is directed.)
• We had a wonderful holiday this year! (Participants in a speech act, subjects.)
• You played your role perfectly! (Addressee, object to which the address is directed in a speech act.)
• He prefers a quiet pastime. (Non-participant in the speech act.)
• Will she definitely go to America this summer? (Non-participant in the speech act.)
• They jumped with a parachute for the first time in their lives and were very pleased. (Non-participant in the speech act.)

Attention! The pronouns his, her, their, depending on the context, can be used both as possessive and personal pronouns.

Compare:

• He was not at school today, neither for the first nor for the last lesson. - His performance at school depends on how often he attends classes. (In his first sentence there is a personal pronoun in the genitive case, in his second sentence there is a possessive pronoun.)
• I asked her to keep this conversation between us. “She ran, her hair fluttered in the wind, and her silhouette was getting lost and lost with every second, moving away and dissolving in the light of day.
• You should always ask them to turn the music down. “Their dog very often howls at night, as if grieving for some unbearable grief of his.

Reflexive pronoun

The pronoun oneself belongs to this category - it indicates the person of the object or addressee, which is identified with the actor. This function is performed by reflexive pronouns. Example sentences:

• I have always considered myself the happiest in the whole wide world.
• She constantly admires herself.
• He doesn't like to make mistakes and trusts only himself.

Can I keep this kitten with me?

Possessive pronouns

A word indicating that a person or thing belongs to another person or thing is called a “possessive pronoun.” Example: mine, yours, ours, yours, yours. Possessive pronouns indicate belonging to the speaker, interlocutor or non-participant in the act of speech.

• My the decision always turns out to be the most correct.
• Yours wishes will definitely be fulfilled.
• Our The dog behaves very aggressively towards passers-by.
• Is yours the choice will be yours.
• Finally I got mine present!
• Their keep your thoughts to yourself.
• My the city misses me and I feel how much I miss it.

Words like her, him, them can act as a personal pronoun in or as possessive pronoun. Example sentences:

• Their the car is parked at the entrance. - They were not in the city for 20 years.
• His the bag is lying on the chair. - He was asked to bring tea.
• Her the house is located in the city center. - She was made the queen of the evening.

The possessive pronoun also indicates that a person (object) belongs to a group of objects. Example:

• Our I will remember our joint trips for a long time!

Demonstrative pronouns

The demonstrative is the second name that bears the demonstrative pronoun. Examples: this, that, such, so much. These words distinguish this or that object (person) from a number of other similar objects, persons or signs. This function is performed by the demonstrative pronoun. Examples:

• This The novel is much more interesting and informative than all those I have read before. (Pronoun this distinguishes one object from a number of similar ones, indicates the peculiarity of this object.)

Pronoun This also performs this function.

• This sea, these mountains, This the sun will forever remain in my memory as the brightest memory.

However, you should be careful when determining the part of speech and not confuse the demonstrative pronoun with a particle!

Compare examples of demonstrative pronouns:

• This it was excellent! - Did you play the role of a fox in a school play? (In the first case, This is a pronoun and fulfills the predicate. In the second case This- the particle does not have a syntactic role in the sentence.)
• That the house is much older and more beautiful than this one. (Pronoun That highlights an object, points to it.)
• Neither such, no other option suited him. (Pronoun such helps to concentrate attention on one of many subjects.)
• So many once he stepped on the same rake, and again repeats everything all over again. (Pronoun so many emphasizes the repetition of the action.)

Determinative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, other. This category is divided into subcategories, each of which includes the following pronouns:

1.Himself, the most- pronouns that have an excretory function. They elevate the object in question and individualize it.

• Myself the director, Alexander Yaroslavovich, was present at the party.
• He was offered the most a highly paid and prestigious job in our city.
• The most The greatest happiness in life is to love and be loved.
• Self Her Majesty condescended to praise me.

2.All- a pronoun that has the meaning of breadth of coverage of the characteristics of a person, object or characteristic.

• All the city came to see him perform.
• All The road passed in remorse and the desire to return home.
• All the sky was covered with clouds, and not a single clearing was visible.

3. Anyone, everyone, anyone- pronouns denoting freedom of choice from several objects, persons or characteristics (if they exist at all).

• Semyon Semenovich Laptev is a master of his craft - this is for you any will say.
• Any a person is capable of achieving what he wants, the main thing is to make an effort and not be lazy.
• Each blade of grass every the petal breathed life, and this desire for happiness was transmitted to me more and more.
• All sorts of things the word he said turned against him, but he did not seek to correct it.

4.Different, different- pronouns that have meanings that are not identical to what was said earlier.

• I chose other a path that was more accessible to me.
• Imagine another If you were me, would you do the same?
• IN other Once he comes home, silently, eats and goes to bed, today everything was different...
• The medal has two sides - another I did not notice.

Interrogative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Interrogative pronouns contain questions about persons, objects or phenomena, quantities. A question mark is usually placed at the end of a sentence that contains an interrogative pronoun.

• Who was that man who came to see us this morning?
• What what will you do when the summer exams are over?
• What there should be a portrait of an ideal person, and how do you imagine him?
• Which out of these three people could know what really happened?
• Whose is this a briefcase?
• How much does a red dress cost? which did you come to school yesterday?
• Which your favorite time of year?
• Whose I saw a child in the yard yesterday?
• How Do you think I should enroll in the Faculty of International Relations?

Relative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, how, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Attention! These pronouns can act as both relative and interrogative pronouns, depending on whether they are used in a particular context. In a complex sentence (CSS), only the relative pronoun is used. Examples:

• How are you making sponge cake with cherry filling? - She told how she prepares a pie with cherry filling.

In the first case How - the pronoun has an interrogative function, i.e. the subject concludes a question about a certain object and the method of obtaining it. In the second case, the pronoun How is used as a relative pronoun and acts as a connecting word between the first and second simple sentences.

• Who knows in which does the sea flow into the Volga River? “He didn’t know who this man was and what could be expected from him.
• What do you need to do to get a good job? - He knew what to do in order to get a well-paid job.

What- pronoun - used both as a relative and as an interrogative pronoun, depending on the context.

• What what are we going to do tonight? - You said that today we should visit our grandmother.

To accurately determine the category of pronouns when choosing between relative and interrogative, you need to remember that the interrogative pronoun in a sentence can be replaced by a verb, a noun, or a numeral, depending on the context. The relative pronoun cannot be replaced.

• What do you want for dinner today? - I would like vermicelli for dinner.
• Which do you like the color? - Do you like the color purple?
• Whose is this a house? - Is this mom's house?
• Which are you in line? -Are you eleventh in line?
• How many do you have any candy? - Do you have six sweets?

The situation is similar with the pronoun than. Compare examples of relative pronouns:

• What to do on the weekend? - He completely forgot what I wanted to do this for the weekend. (As we see, in the second version the pronoun how is included in the category of relative and performs a connecting function between two parts of a complex sentence.)
• How did you get into my house yesterday? - Anna Sergeevna looked questioningly at the boy and did not understand how he got into her house.
• How does it feel to realize that you are in trouble? - I know from myself what it’s like to realize that your plans are collapsing quickly and irrevocably.
• How many times do I ask you not to do this again? “She has already lost count of the number of times her son brought his class teacher to tears.
• Whose car is parked at the gate of my house? “He was at a loss, so he couldn’t figure out whose idea it was to provoke a fight.
• How much is this Persian kitten worth? - He was told how much a red Persian kitten costs.
• Who knows what year the Battle of Borodino took place? - Three students raised their hands: they knew in what year the Battle of Borodino took place.

Some scientists propose to combine relative and interrogative pronouns into one category and call them “interrogative-relative pronouns.” Examples:

• Who is there? - He didn't see who was here.

However, at present it has not yet been possible to reach a general agreement, and the categories of interrogative and relative pronouns continue to exist separately from each other.

Negative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing. Negative pronouns mean the absence of persons, objects, and also to indicate their negative characteristics.

• Nobody didn't know what to expect from him.
• Nothing he was not interested enough to devote his whole life to this matter.
• No debt and none money couldn't keep him from running away.
• A lonely dog ​​ran along the road, and it seemed that it never had an owner, a home or tasty food in the morning; She was draw.
• He tried to find excuses for himself, but it turned out that everything happened precisely on his initiative, and no one was to blame for this.
• He was completely nothing to do, so he walked slowly in the rain past the glowing shop windows and watched the oncoming cars passing by.

Indefinite pronouns

An indefinite pronoun is formed from interrogative or relative pronouns. Examples: someone, something, some, some, several, some, anyone, anyone, anything, some, some. Indefinite pronouns contain the meaning of an unknown, undefined person or thing. Also, indefinite pronouns have the meaning of deliberately hidden information that the speaker specifically does not want to communicate.

Examples for comparison:

• Someone's a voice rang out in the darkness, and I didn’t quite understand who it belonged to: a man or an animal. (Lack of information from the speaker.) - This letter was from my no one an acquaintance who had been absent from our city for a long time and was now planning to come. (Information deliberately hidden from listeners.)
• Something the incredible happened that night: the wind tore and tossed leaves from the trees, lightning flashed and pierced the sky. (Instead of something You can substitute indefinite pronouns with similar meaning: something, something.)
• Some of my friends consider me a strange and wonderful person: I don’t strive to earn a lot of money and live in a small old house on the edge of the village . (Pronoun some can be replaced by the following pronouns: some, several.)
• Some a pair of shoes, a backpack and a tent were already packed and were waiting for us to pack up and leave far, far from the city. (The subject does not specify the number of objects, but generalizes their number.)
• Some people informed me that you received the letter, but do not want to acknowledge it volume.(The speaker deliberately hides all information about the face.)
• If anyone I saw this man, please report this to the police!
• Anyone knows what Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky talked about at the ball?
• When will you see anything interesting, don’t forget to write down your observations in a notebook.
• Some Moments in learning English remained incomprehensible to me, then I returned to the previous lesson and tried to go through it again. (Intentional concealment of information by the speaker.)
• How long I still had some money in my wallet, but I didn’t remember how much. (Lack of information about the subject from the speaker.)

Grammatical grades of pronouns

Grammatically, pronouns are divided into three categories:

1. Pronominal noun.
2. Pronominal adjective.
3. Pronominal numeral.

TO pronominal noun These categories of pronouns include: personal, reflexive, interrogative, negative, indefinite. All these categories are similar in their grammatical properties to nouns. However, pronominal nouns have certain features that a pronoun does not have. Examples:

• I came to you . (In this case, this is the masculine gender, which we determined by the past tense verb with a zero ending). - You came to me. (Gender is determined by the ending of the verb “came” - feminine,

As you can see from the example, some pronouns do not have a gender category. In this case, the genus can be restored logically, based on the situation.

Other pronouns of the listed categories have a gender category, but it does not reflect the real relationships of persons and objects. For example, the pronoun Who always combined with a verb in the masculine past tense.

• Who was the first woman to travel into space?
• Ready or not, here I come.
• She knew who would be the next contender for her hand and heart.

The pronoun that is used with neuter nouns of the past tense.

• What allowed you to do this act?
• He had no idea that something similar to his story could be happening somewhere.

Pronoun He has generic forms, but gender here acts as a classification form, and not as a nominative form.

TO pronominal adjective These include demonstrative, attributive, interrogative, relative, negative, and indefinite pronouns. They all answer the question Which? and are likened to adjectives in their properties. They have dependent forms of number and case.

• This tiger cub is the fastest in the zoo.

Pronominal numerals include pronouns as much as, several. They are likened to numerals in their meaning when combined with nouns.

• How many books have you read this summer?
• I now had so many opportunities!
• My grandmother left some hot pies for me.

Attention! However, in combination with verbs, pronouns how many, as many, several are used as adverbs.

• How much does this orange blouse cost?
• You can only spend that much on vacation.
• I thought a little about how to live and what to do next.