Today, August 1, Russia celebrates the following holidays: Logistics Day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Formation Day of the Special Communications Service of Russia and All-Russian Cash In-Cash Day. Today Azerbaijan celebrates the Day of the Azerbaijani Alphabet and Language.
Home Front Day of the Russian Armed Forces
Every year on August 1, Russia celebrates Home Front Day of the Russian Armed Forces - a holiday that was approved on May 7, 1998 based on an order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The starting point for the history of the rear of the Russian armed forces was the year 1700, it was then, on February 18, that the great Russian Tsar Peter I signed the Decree “On the management of all grain reserves of military men to Okolnichy Yazykov, with the name of him General Proviants for this part.”
At this time, the very first independent supply body of Russia was also established - the Proviantsky Prikaz, which was in charge of the supply of various products for the army: bread, cereals and grain fodder and provided centralized food supply for the Russian army.
Day of formation of the Special Communications Service of Russia
Every year on August 1, some Russian citizens celebrate their professional holiday - the Day of the Formation of the Special Communications Service.
The history of this service began in 1939, today it is called FSUE GSSS - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Main Center for Special Communications".
August 1, 1939 is the day of the creation of the FSUE GCSS, because it was on this day, according to the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, that the Special Communications Service of the People's Commissariat began its communications work. The new service was entrusted with the tasks of reliable transportation and delivery of precious metals and top secret correspondence for all departments, excluding only the highest party, state and military bodies “from the center of the country to the regions and back.”
Nowadays, these tasks have become even more relevant than before. Along with modern technologies that make it possible to transmit information anywhere on the planet instantly, there is important information that can only be transmitted “by word of mouth”, or “from hand to hand”.
All-Russian collector's day
On August 1, in Russia, collectors celebrate their professional holiday - All-Russian Collector's Day. It was on this day, in 1939, that a collection service was created at the State Bank of the USSR due to the need to protect and transport cash and other valuables.
Azerbaijani Alphabet and Language Day
Every year on August 1, Azerbaijan celebrates the Day of the Azerbaijani Alphabet and Language, which was established on August 9, 2001 according to the Decree of Heydar Aliyev “On the Establishment of the Day of the Azerbaijani Alphabet and Azerbaijani Language.”
During the years when Azerbaijan was part of Tsarist Russia, all Azerbaijanis used the Arabic alphabet. And only with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, cosmopolitan experiments began to be carried out in Azerbaijan with many traditions and customs, including the alphabet and language of the Azerbaijani people.
The Russian language soon acquired the status of the state language in Azerbaijan, and in the early 20s of the last century, an alphabet reform was carried out in the republic, and instead of the Arabic alphabet they began to use the Azerbaijani alphabet using the Latin script. Almost ten years after the start of the reform, the Azerbaijani government decided to switch to the Cyrillic alphabet.
Unusual holidays
Today, August 1, you can celebrate the unusual Paper Napkin Day; this day is also known as Friend’s Day. Have you heard about an unusual holiday - Cabbage Curling Day? You can celebrate it today too.
Paper Napkin Day
Paper napkins of different shapes and colors, made of different paper, are available in every home and in every restaurant and cafe. But not everyone who uses them knows that they can be trusted with their deepest secret and they will keep it. You can leave your thoughts and poems on them at any time. Napkins especially love this. Today, visit a cafe and give a friend a napkin with your secret.
Friend's Day
On this Friend's Day, all people in the world remember their friends and congratulate them on this day. This day was first celebrated in Finland in 1980, but it was only in 1996 that it appeared on the calendar. Everyone liked this new holiday, but especially the Finns. According to statistics, in terms of the number of cards purchased, this is the second holiday after Christmas.
Cabbage Curling Day
An interesting and unusual holiday today, August 1st -
Cabbage curling day. Have you ever seen how cabbage turns into a head? It’s very simple, it’s more interesting to find out how cabbage heads curl. Maybe today the time has come for you to solve this mystery.
Church holiday according to the folk calendar
Makrinin day, Mokriny
On this day, Orthodox Christians honor the memory of the Venerable Macrina of Cappadocia, who lived in the 4th century and was the sister of St. Basil the Great.
Macrina and her brother were raised by their parents in strict obedience and piety. Even in her youth, the future saint Mokrina took a vow of virginity and left the world together with Emilia, her mother, accepting monasticism.
Mother and daughter built a monastery on the banks of the Irisa River, where widows and noble virgins began to come who wanted to devote themselves to serving Christ.
Macrina spent all her time in work and prayer. Her chastity was so great that even during her illness she did not dare to expose her body to the healer and fervently prayed to the Lord for her healing. Her prayer was soon heard, and Saint Macrina recovered and received the gift of miracles for her faith.
Saint Macrina in Rus' was often called Mokrina, slightly distorting her name, because on this day the peasants looked at the day - how “wet” it would be, how wet autumn would be.
If the day was dry, then the peasant women performed a ritual of making rain, i.e. “they made mokrins.” They found a girl who was born on August 1 and called her Mokrina. Having dressed her in a festive dress, they brought her ears of bread, and she then took them to the river, so that the river would give the bread to the moisture of heaven and ask her to shed rain.
On Mokrina's day, autumn work began.
Name day August 1 from: Gregory, Dmitry, Evgenia, Mitrofan, Roman, Stepan, Tikhon
August 1st in history
1975 - In Helsinki, at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the leaders of 33 European states, the USA and Canada signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
1982 - Israeli aerial bombardment of Beirut with heavy aircraft.
1984 - The experimental titanium deep-sea nuclear submarine of Project 685 “Komsomolets” K-278 (chief designers N.A. Klimov and Yu.N. Kormilitsyn) was included in the Northern Fleet. On August 5, the boat made a record dive to a depth of 1000 m.
1989 - Poland deregulates food prices, causing food costs to rise by more than 500 percent.
1990 - The Soyuz TM-10 spacecraft was launched in the USSR.
1991 - Diego Maradona retired from sports.
1994 - The special forces detachment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs “Rus” was formed
2001 - The law on registered civil partnerships came into force in Germany.
2005 - Fahd ibn Abdulaziz Al Saud (b. 1921), King of Saudi Arabia, died.
2007 - Collapse of the bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis (USA). 13 people were killed and more than 100 were injured.
2008 - Solar eclipse.
2010 - An underwater river was discovered in the Black Sea.
Holidays in August
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On August 1, 1291, the three forest cantons of Schwitz, Uri and Unterwalden, which the Austrian Habsburgs considered their lands, concluded an “eternal treaty” of alliance and mutual assistance. This event marked the beginning of the existence of the Swiss Confederation (from the name of the canton of Schwyz) as an independent state. Since then, every year this day has been a national holiday in Switzerland; the treaty of 1291 is read out in a solemn atmosphere in city squares. Currently the country is divided into 26 cantons. Switzerland has been a neutral state for many, many years.
On this same day in 1780, Sweden will declare its neutrality.
In 1514, the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III entered Smolensk. This event was of enormous historical significance: the city was under the rule of Lithuania for 110 years, now all Russian lands were reunited within the borders of a single Russian state. In honor of this victory, the Novodevichy Convent was founded in Moscow.
On this day in 1708, the Russian ambassador Andrei Matveev was attacked in London. His crew was attacked by three thugs hired by the diplomat's creditors, to whom he owed about 50 pounds sterling. The ambassador was given a fair beating before passers-by who came running to hear the noise stopped the carnage. But then the attackers presented promissory notes, and Matveev was taken to prison. The ambassador was released only the next day, when he managed to inform his friends about his trouble. Matveev expressed an angry protest to the British authorities, in which he was supported by all foreign envoys, many of whom owed much more to the English moneylenders. But the incident was not over: for a gross violation of international law, Queen Anne had to apologize to Peter I.
And in 1725, the Russian Academy of Sciences opened in St. Petersburg. In fact, it was established by decree of Peter I back in January 1724. However, the opening date of the academy is still considered to be August 1, 1725, when the first meeting of academicians took place. It is from this day that many Russian sciences count down. After all, before Peter’s Academy, such scientific fields as medicine, botany, zoology, meteorology and others were represented only by scattered notes from various natural scientists. The Academy of Sciences was located on Vasilyevsky Island, in the building of the Kunstkamera. Unlike Western academies, the Russian one was fully supported by the state, which made it possible to attract prominent European scientists to the country.
Exactly a year later - on August 1, 1726 - Empress Catherine the First established the Supreme Privy Council in Russia, consisting of seven to eight people and designed to solve the most important problems of the country. The council lasted only four years and was dissolved by another empress, Anna Ioannovna, who suspected that this body wanted to usurp some of the prerogatives of the autocracy. However, even after the dissolution of the Privy Council, senior ranks remained in Russia. As you know, Russian officials were divided into fourteen classes according to the table of ranks. The second, practically the highest civilian class were the “actual privy councilors” - they held the posts of ministers. The third class was called “privy advisers” - these are comrades of ministers (as they would say now - deputies) and equivalent to them.
On August 1, 1774, the English scientist Joseph Priestley isolated molecular oxygen for the first time by heating mercury oxide. Priestley was one of three scientists entitled to claim the discovery of pure oxygen. It is believed that the Swedish pharmacist Karl Wilhelm Scheele was the first to obtain a relatively pure sample, but he published his discovery later than Priestley did. The third official contender for the discovery of oxygen is the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier.
On August 1, 1910, New York State issued its first standard license plates for automobiles. The state number and abbreviation were written in white letters on a blue background. Before this, signs came in all colors and sizes, and were also made from various materials - all at the discretion of the car owner.
On August 1, 1914, Germany declares war on Russia. The German Ambassador to Russia, Count Friedrich Pourtales, visited the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonov, and demanded an answer to the ultimatum put forward earlier and demanding the abolition of the general mobilization in Russia declared by Nicholas II. Having received a refusal, the ambassador handed Sazonov a note declaring war. Russia entered the First World War.
In 1919, the Soviet republic proclaimed in March was overthrown in Hungary. Bela Kun and most members of the government fled to Austria. The remaining small part, led by György Lukács, the former commissar for culture, began to organize an underground communist party. The Budapest Council of Workers' Deputies elected a new government headed by Gyula Peidl, but it operated for only a few days, until August 6, when Romanian troops entered Budapest and put an end to the history of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
In 1936, the XI Summer Olympic Games opened in Berlin. The German capital received the right to host the Olympics in 1932, when the Nazis were not yet in power. The President of the IOC, Belgian Count Henri de Bayeux-Latour, obtained formal consent from the German authorities to comply with the Olympic Charter, and the Nazis had to allow black athletes, whom they considered subhuman, to the Games. To the horror of all Germany and the Fuhrer personally, the American black athlete Jesse Owens not only won four gold medals, but also beat Hitler's favorite Lutz Long in the long jump in his last attempt. Otherwise, the Games lived up to the hopes of the Reich leaders: German athletes were ahead of the Americans and teams from 47 other countries in the team competition, and a huge number of propaganda events were held during the competition. On June 1, anti-Semitic posters were removed from Berlin streets, and concentration camp prisoners were ordered to be kept away from busy highways. From among the athletes, “true Aryans” were carefully selected, who were persistently offered to marry members of the Union of German Girls. The Berlin Olympics went down in history as the first to be broadcast on television to a wide audience.
On August 1, 1939, the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSNKh) opened. Before the war, she worked for several months a year. After the start of the war, the film “The Pig Farm and the Shepherd” was filmed on it.
On this day in 1939, the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union was established. The sketch of the medal was developed by the chief artist of Goznak I.I. Dubasov.
On August 1, 1940, People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Vyacheslav Molotov, speaking at a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, said that “the workers of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia joyfully received the news of these republics joining the Soviet Union.”
On this day in 1941, the first Jeep car was born. It was created as a light and maneuverable vehicle at the request of the army. On this day, Parade magazine devoted three of its pages to describing the new automotive miracle. And in 1943, a uranium enrichment plant began operating in Oak Ridge.
On August 1, 1944, the Warsaw Uprising began in Poland occupied by Nazi troops. The exile government in London did not want Warsaw to be liberated by Soviet troops. There were many reasons for this, starting from the pathological dislike of Russia among a large number of Polish people in power even before the war. Let’s not forget that Poland was created at Versailles as an element of Europe’s “cordon sanitaire” from Bolshevik Russia. Then, betraying the interests of France and England, she greatly helped Nazi Germany to destroy the security system in Europe created at Versailles. And even on the eve of the Nazi attack, she did not want to accept help from the USSR, despite the entreaties of the British and French. Realizing that in the event of the liberation of Warsaw by Soviet troops, the chances of taking power in post-war Poland would be significantly increased by the pro-Soviet Lublin government, and not the London emigrant government, and the Warsaw Uprising was sanctioned. About 150 thousand civilians died, most of the city was destroyed (later special German brigades destroyed the surviving buildings), about 520 thousand residents were expelled from the city. The uprising achieved neither military nor political goals, but became for the Poles a symbol of courage and determination in the struggle for independence. Soviet propaganda interpreted these events as a poorly prepared adventure. All responsibility for the failure of the uprising was placed on the émigré government in London.
On August 1, 1946, General Vlasov and 11 of his supporters were hanged. The topic of “General Vlasov” is inexhaustible. They almost always talked about him: first with enthusiasm and admiration, then with contempt and hatred. .
On this day in 1953, the Swiss scientist Auguste Piccard, together with his son Jacques, completed the construction of the bathyscaphe "Trieste", on which in 1960 Jacques would descend to the bottom of the Mariana Trench to a depth of 10916 m.
On the night of August 1, 1964, the State Broadcasting Company Mayak went on air for the first time. In the summer of 1964, the country's governing bodies decided to create a fundamentally new information and music radio station "Mayak", which was supposed to work around the clock instead of the 2nd program of the All-Union Radio. Five-minute news broadcasts were supposed to be broadcast every half hour, and between them there would be a variety of music programs and concerts. Preparations for the broadcast of the new radio station were entrusted to the main editorial office of Latest News and the main editorial office of music broadcasting of the All-Union Radio. And exactly at midnight on August 1, 1964, the call signs of the Mayak radio station were heard on the air to the tune of the popular song by Solovyov-Sedoy “Moscow Evenings.” The new information and music radio station began to live and work. She quickly gained immense popularity in the country. “Mayak” began to be accepted abroad.
On August 1, 1981, the first MTV broadcast aired. The first audience saw was a video from the British group The Buggles called “Video Killed the Radio Star.” Exactly six years later, he began working in Europe.
Today you will learn about the holidays that are most important in certain countries. After all, it is on this day that any state celebrates a significant event. To be aware of all the holidays, we recommend that you read this article.
Holidays in Russia August 1, 2019
Home Front Day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
“Russian Armed Forces Logistics Day” was approved back in 1998 on May 7th. The order was accepted by the Ministry of Defense. Today, this event is celebrated annually on August 1. To this day, the armed forces of the Russian Federation are the most important and effective potential of the state.
The country's economy and troops are closely linked. It is worth noting that the rear headquarters consists of nine central directorates and three centrally subordinate control services.
Day of formation of the Russian Special Communications Service
Back in 1939, residents of our country celebrated the “Establishment Day of the Russian Special Communications Service.” However, much later, the name changed slightly. Every year, some residents of Russia celebrate this holiday. A couple of years ago, a special service was created to deliver secret jewelry, etc. This process had to take place secretly.
Today, technology has advanced so much that the submission and transfer of any information or accessories does not bring any problems, but quite the opposite. Any thing can be delivered from one point of the world to another in a few hours or even days.
All-Russian Cash Inspector Day
To celebrate the All-Russian Cash Inspector's Day, some employees gather annually on August 1. This service was created in 19393 under the State Bank of the USSR. Since at that time it was necessary to transport and deliver money safely.
Special security was needed to transport funds from one point to another. All these actions took place in Kievan Rus. Only then did merchants appear, who in turn became princes and boyars.
After the new service was created, some rich people hired people to transport money. Thus, the profession of inspector arose.
Holidays in the rest of the world on August 1, 2019
Civil holiday in Canada
Every year on August 1, Canadians celebrate the “Civic Holiday”. On this day, all residents of the country do not go to work. The holiday is considered official. This event does not carry with it revolutionary speculation. The main idea of the holiday is that all Canadians need a weekend to relax. Accordingly, the authorities chose the first of August.
Also, it is worth noting that in 1869 a special entry appeared in Toronto indicating that residents of Canada needed a short summer vacation. Consequently, we came to a consensus to celebrate a new event.
Azerbaijani Alphabet and Language Day
In 2001, by order of Heydar Aliyev, the holiday “Day of the Azerbaijani Language Alphabet” was approved. After this time, this event is celebrated annually on August 1. Previously, Azerbaijanis used the Arabic alphabet. However, as soon as the Bolsheviks came to power, times changed dramatically in Azerbaijan. The authorities began to conduct cosmopolitan experiments with traditions, etc. After a certain time, Russian established itself as the state language in Azerbaijan.
However, in the twenties, certain reforms took place in Azerbaijan. The old Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Azerbaijani one. A few years later, the authorities decided to use the Cyrillic alphabet. It is worth noting that the Azerbaijani alphabet changed three times.
Confederation Day is a national holiday in Switzerland
The oldest holiday is considered to be “Confederation Day in Switzerland”. This event is celebrated annually on August 1st.
This holiday has been recognized as official since the seventies of the nineteenth century. However, already in 1994, this day was declared a non-working day. Celebrations are organized for this event. Traditionally, bonfires are lit.
Emancipation Day in Jamaica
Throughout Britain, the so-called “Emancipation Day” holiday is celebrated annually on August 1. This event was usually celebrated in the Caribbean islands. Since on this day, many residents of this regional region do not work.
For 160 years, Jamaica has wanted to gain freedom on its territory. Previously, complete slavery reigned here. So, in 1834, slavery was officially abolished. All slaves were completely free.
Founding Day of the People's Liberation Army of China
In 1927, on August 1, the celebration of the “Establishment Day of the Chinese People's Liberation Army” was organized. Every year this holiday is celebrated throughout the country.
Only in 1946, the name of the holiday changed. Before this it had the name “Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army”. Today, this holiday is celebrated mainly by military personnel.
Lammas Day (Lughnasadh)
A significant holiday called “Lammas Day” is celebrated annually on August 1st. This holiday was mainly celebrated by artisans. "Lughnasadh" was considered a god of the Celtic pantheon. He in turn was the patron of agriculture. During this time, various cleaning activities were carried out. The first harvest was being collected. Almost all members of the community took part here.
On August 1, all family members put on special outfits and went out to the ceremony. On the day of celebrating this event, some women distributed cottage cheese, which brought happiness to all those people who were at that time in the summer pasture.
The main feature of the holiday is considered to be a gathering of Scots on the top of the mountain. Previously, sacrifices were made and games were held in the mountains. The tradition still survives in Scotland. On this day, it is customary to light fires on the top of the mountain and dance around.
Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Kamal
The Gregorian calendar celebrates the beginning of the month of Kamal on August 1st every year. Translated, the word Kamal means “Perfection”.
The nineteen-month Baha'i calendar celebrates an important festival called the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Kamal. At this time, 'Abdu'l-Bahá instructs to give an eloquent speech. Many believers celebrate this holiday according to all religious rules.
Other holidays August 1, 2019
World Breastfeeding Week
The World Health Organization decided to celebrate World Breastfeeding Week in 1990. This event runs from August 1st to August 7th. Today, this holiday is celebrated in 170 countries.
The main goal is to inform all parents about the health of the child. Since breastfeeding has a good effect on the condition and development of any child.
Discovery of the relics of St. Seraphim of Sarov
At the beginning of the last century, a new candle was lit on the priestess of the Russian Orthodox Church. After the miracle worker Seraphim of Sarov died, the prayer book was glorified. This happened in 1903.
The wonderworker and ascetic Seraphim of Sarov was canonized on July 19th. It was on the day of remembrance of the Saint that his relics were revealed and were, in turn, placed in a prepared reliquary. Various miracles happened on this day. Seriously ill people could be healed.
August 1, 2019 in the folk calendar
Makrinin day, Mokriny
This significant event is celebrated by the entire Orthodox people. Every year on August 1, believing residents celebrate the so-called “Makrinin Day”. The well-known Saint Basil the Great was the brother of Macrina of Cappadocia.
Parents raised their children in strictness and obedience. It is worth noting the important fact that Saint Macrina often spent time in prayer. As the legend goes, Macrina could not appear before the doctors, so she prayed to be healed. The prayer was heard and Saint Macrina was completely healed.
Name day August 1
Roman, Tikhon, Stepan, Dmitry, Grigory, Mitrofan, Evgenia.
Significant events of August 1st in history
- 1774 – Molecular oxygen was first isolated by scientists
- 1903 – Seraphim of Sarov is listed as a saint
- 1914 – Russia entered the First World War
- 1936 – Opening of the Eleven Summer Olympic Games in Berlin (Germany)
- 1964 – The state broadcasting company Mayak went on air for the first time.
- 1994 – A special forces detachment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs “Rus” was formed
Born on this day
- Ada Woytsik 1905 - Soviet film actress
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck 1744 – French naturalist
- Valentina Leontyeva 1923 - Soviet TV presenter, People's Artist of the USSR
- Yves Saint Laurent 1936 – French fashion designer
- Herman Melville 1819 - American writer.
1461 - Coronation of Edward IV, King of England.
1498 - Christopher Columbus, the first European to visit Venezuela.
1514 - Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III entered Smolensk. This event was of enormous historical significance: the city was under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for 110 years. In honor of this victory, the Novodevichy Convent was founded in Moscow.
1619 - First African slaves brought to Jamestown, Virginia.
1770 - in the battle of Kagul, the Russian army under the leadership of P. A. Rumyantsev defeated the Turkish army of Khalil Pasha.
1774 - English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered the chemical element oxygen.
1780 - Sweden declared its permanent neutrality.
1789 - a Russian-Austrian detachment under the command of A.V. Suvorov defeated the Turks in the battle of Focsani.
1798 - Battle of Abukir: The English fleet of Admiral Nelson defeated the French fleet.
1801 - Russian Emperor Alexander I renounced the title of Grand Master of the Order of Malta, ordered the removal of the Maltese cross from the state emblem and excluded the Order of St. John of Jerusalem from the list of orders of the Russian Empire.
1812 - battle of Klyastitsy
1860 - The Imperial River Yacht Club was founded.
1876 - Colorado became the 38th US state.
1900 - the Borussia Mönchengladbach football club was founded - five-time German champion, winner of the 1975 and 1979 UEFA Cup.
1914 - Germany declares war on Russia.
1919 - The Soviet republic proclaimed in March is overthrown in Hungary.
1922 - the first permanent Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania was introduced.
1924 - the all-Union Order of the Red Banner was established.
1927 - by resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Leningrad Region was formed.
1936 - opening of the Olympic Games in Berlin.
1939 - The Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union was established.
- The All-Union Agricultural Exhibition opened (since 1959 - the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR, since 1992 - the All-Russian Exhibition Center). Its first director was academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin.
1940 - People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Vyacheslav Molotov, speaking at a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, said that “the workers of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia joyfully received the news of these republics joining the Soviet Union.”
1943 - Japan granted independence to Burma.
- A uranium enrichment plant begins operation in Oak Ridge.
1944 - Anne Frank writes the last entry in her diary.
- The beginning of the Warsaw Uprising in Poland occupied by Nazi troops.
1946 - The Hungarian forint currency was introduced.
1953 - Swiss scientist Auguste Picard, together with his son Jacques, completed the construction of the bathyscaphe "Trieste", on which in 1960 Jacques will descend to the bottom of the Mariana Trench to a depth of 10916 m.
1954 - A ceasefire in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia goes into effect. The end of France's colonial war in Indochina.
1957 - The Israeli pound was introduced.
1960 - The independence of Dahomey (now Benin) is declared.
1964 - from this day on, the call signs of the Mayak radio station began to be heard on air every half hour.
1975 - in Helsinki, at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the leaders of 33 European states, the USA and Canada signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
1976 - Trinidad and Tobago declared independence.
1981 - debut of the MTV music channel. Exactly six years later he began working in Europe.
2001 - The law on registered civil partnerships comes into force in Germany.
2007 - collapse of the I-35W bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis (USA). 13 people were killed and more than 100 were injured.
2008 - solar eclipse on August 1, 2008, also known as the “Russian Eclipse”.
2010 - an underwater river was discovered in the Black Sea.
- Emancipation Day ( English).
Professional
Religious
Orthodoxy- memory of the Venerable Macrina of Cappadocia, sister of St. Basil the Great (380);
- memory of the Venerable Dius of Constantinople, abbot (c. 430);
- the discovery of the relics of St. Seraphim, the Wonderworker of Sarov (1903);
- memory of the blessed prince Roman (Olegovich) of Ryazan (1270);
- memory of St. Paisius of Pechersk, in the Far Caves (XIV century);
- memory of Blessed Stefan Lazarevich Novy (High) (1427) and his mother, the blessed Princess Militsa (in Holy Baptism Euphrosyne) (1405), Serbian.
- Lammas Day ( English)
Name day
- Catholic: Alphonse, Maria, Peter, Justina.
- Orthodox (new style date):
- Men's:
- Varlam (Varlaam, Varlamy) - Caucasian preacher Varlaam.
- Gregory - preacher Gregory the New.
- Diy - Venerable Diy of Constantinople.
- Demetrius - Saint Demetrius of Rostov.
- Mitrofan - Saint Mitrofan of Voronezh.
- Paisiy - Venerable Paisiy of Pechersk.
- Roman - martyr, Prince of Ryazan Roman Olegovich.
- Seraphim - Venerable Seraphim of Sarov (finding of relics).
- Stefan (Stepan) - Blessed Stefan Lazarević, King of Serbia.
- Tikhon - Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk.
- Women's:
- Eugenia - Saint Militsa (in baptism Euphrosyne, in monasticism Eugenia, in schema Euphrosyne), Princess of Serbia
- Euphrosyne - see above
- Militsa - see above
- Macrina - Venerable Macrina of Cappadocia
- Men's:
Events
Until the 20th century
- - Justinian I became Emperor of Byzantium.
- - the Swiss cantons of Schwyz, Uri, Unterwalden entered into an “eternal alliance”, which laid the foundations of the Swiss Confederation.
- - coronation of Edward IV, King of England.
- - Christopher Columbus was the first European to visit Venezuela.
- - Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III entered Smolensk. This event was of historical significance: the city was under Lithuanian rule for 110 years. In honor of this victory, the Novodevichy Convent was founded in Moscow.
- - First African slaves brought to Jamestown, Virginia.
- - in the battle of Kagul, the Russian army under the leadership of P. A. Rumyantsev defeated the Turkish army of Khalil Pasha.
- - English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered the chemical element oxygen.
- - Sweden declared its permanent neutrality.
- - a Russian-Austrian detachment under the command of A.V. Suvorov defeated the Turks in the battle of Focsani.
- - Battle of Abukir: The English fleet of Admiral Nelson defeated the French fleet.
- - Napoleonic General Joachim Murat is proclaimed King of Naples.
- - Battle of Klyastitsy.
- - The Imperial River Yacht Club was founded.
- - Colorado became the 38th US state.
- - the football club Borussia Mönchengladbach was founded - five-time German champion, winner of the UEFA Cup and
XX century
- - Germany declared war on Russia.
- - the Soviet republic proclaimed in March was overthrown in Hungary.
- - the first permanent Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania was introduced.
- - the all-Union Order of the Red Banner was established.
- - by resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Leningrad Region was formed.
- - Opening of the Olympic Games in Berlin.
-
- The Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union was established.
- The All-Union Agricultural Exhibition opened (since 1959 - the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy, in 1992-2014 - the All-Russian Exhibition Center).
- - People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Vyacheslav Molotov, speaking at a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, said that “the workers of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia joyfully received the news of these republics joining the Soviet Union.”
-
- Japan granted independence to Burma.
- A uranium enrichment plant began operating in Oak Ridge.
-
- Anne Frank wrote the last entry in her diary.
- The beginning of the Warsaw Uprising in Nazi-occupied Poland.
- - the Hungarian currency forint was introduced.
- - a ceasefire came into force in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The end of France's colonial war in Indochina.
- - the Israeli pound was introduced.
- - Independence of Dahomey (now Benin) was proclaimed.
- - every half hour the call signs of the Mayak radio station began to sound.
- - the first performance of Paul McCartney's song "Yesterday".
- - in Helsinki, at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the leaders of 33 European states, the USA and Canada signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
- - The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago declared independence.
- - debut of the music channel “MTV”. Exactly six years later he began working in Europe.
XXI Century
Born
Until the 20th century
- 10 BC e. - Claudius (d.), Roman emperor.
- - Pertinax (d.), Roman emperor.
- - Andrew Melville (d.), Scottish religious reformer, educator.
- - Sebastiano Ricci (d., Italian artist, representative of the Venetian school of painting.
- - Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Lamarck (d.), French biologist.
- — Francis Scott Key (d.), American lawyer, author of the national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner."
- - Countess de Segur (d.), French writer of Russian origin.
- - Ksenophon Alekseevich Polevoy (d.), Russian writer, literary critic, journalist, book publisher.
- — Maria Mitchell (d.), American astronomer.
- - Herman Melville (d.), American writer (“Moby Dick”).
- - Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (d.), Russian livestock biologist, who developed the method of artificial insemination of domestic animals and organized the first experimental station for artificial insemination of horses in the village of Dolgy, Oryol province, in 1901.
- - Gyorgy de Hevesy (d.), Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize winner in 1943 "for his work on the use of isotopes as labeled atoms in the study of chemical processes."
- - Liya Mara, German silent film actress.
- - Stepan Kayukov (d.), theater and film actor.
XX century
- - Ada Wojcik (d.), film actress.
- - Gerda Taro (d.), German photographer, first female war photojournalist.
- - Alexey Lebedev (d.), poet and marine painter.
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- Grigol Abashidze (d.), Soviet Georgian poet.
- Evdokia Vinogradova (d.), one of the founders of the multi-machine movement in the textile industry.
- - Vasily Zakharchenko (d.), writer, former editor-in-chief of the magazine “Technology for Youth”.
- - Galina Konovalova (d.), Soviet and Russian theater actress.
- - Arkady Tolbuzin
- - Alexey Glazyrin (d.), Soviet theater and film actor.
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- Valentina Mikhailovna Leontyeva (d.), TV presenter and television announcer, People's Artist of the USSR.
- Carter Brown (d.), Anglo-Australian crime novelist.
- - Georges Charpak (d.), Ukrainian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (1992).
- - Leila Abashidze, Soviet Georgian film actress.
- - Pierre Bourdieu (d.), French sociologist and philosopher.
- - Viktor Slavkin, writer, playwright.
- - Yves Saint Laurent (d.), French fashion designer.
- - Nathalie Delon, French film actress.
-
- Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor.
- Jerry Garcia (d.), American rock musician.
- - Douglas Osherow, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (1996).
- - Boz Burrell (d.), English bass guitarist.
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- David A. Gemmell (d.), English science fiction writer.
- Ivar Kalnins, Soviet and Latvian theater and film actor.
- Lyudmila Shirina, Ukrainian opera singer, People's Artist of Ukraine.
- - Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyz politician, former President of Kyrgyzstan (2005-2010).
- - Tommy Bolin (d.), American guitarist.
- - Sergey Debizhev, film director.
- — Joe Elliott, English singer, musician and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the British rock band Def Leppard.
- - Ilya Kutik, Russian poet.
- - Denis Karasev, actor (“Russian Roulette”).
- - Sam Mendes, American film director, winner of the Oscar (“American Beauty”).
- - Polina Kutepova, theater and film actress (“Heads and Tails”, “Nastya”).
- — Dhani Harrison, British musician, son of George Harrison, former member of The Beatles.
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- Bernadette Flynn, Irish dancer.
- Jason Momoa, American actor (“Game of Thrones”).
- - Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer who plays for English Manchester United and the German national team.
- - Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player, Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion.
Died
- 30 BC e. — Mark Antony (b. 83 BC), Roman military leader and triumvir.
- — Bishop Adhémar of Monteillo, spiritual leader of the 1st Crusade
- - Louis VI (b.), King of France.
- - Cosimo de' Medici the Old, founder of the dynasty of Florentine rulers (b.).
- - Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b.).
- - Yakov Petrovich Kulnev (b.), Russian commander, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.
- - Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov, Russian publicist, publisher, literary critic (b. or).
- - Amphilochius (Sergievsky-Kazantsev) (b.), Bishop of Uglich, archaeographer and paleographer.
- - Heinrich Siebel, German historian and politician (b.).
- - Konrad Duden, German philologist, creator of a dictionary of the German language (p.).
- - Jan Kasprowicz, Polish poet, playwright, literary critic, translator (b.).
- - Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev (b.), Russian artist.
- - Leonid Sergeevich Vivien (b.), Russian and Soviet actor, director, theater teacher, Stalin Prize laureate, People's Artist of the USSR.
- - Boris Gmyrya (b.), Ukrainian singer-bass.
- — Francis Powers (b.), American reconnaissance pilot.
- - Eduard Izrailevich Kandel (b.), Soviet neurosurgeon, laureate of the USSR State Prize.
- - Margarita Iosifovna Aliger (b.), poetess.
- - Colin Gray (b.), New Zealand pilot ace, participant in the Second World War.
- - Tadeusz Reichstein (b.), Swiss organic chemist of Polish origin. Winner of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, jointly with Edward Kendall and Philip Hench.
- - Svyatoslav Teofilovich Richter (b.), virtuoso pianist.
- - Behind this soldier, four soldiers, carrying something heavy on their overcoats, walked past the fire. One of them tripped.
“Look, devils, they put firewood on the road,” he grumbled.
- It’s over, so why wear it? - said one of them.
- Well, you!
And they disappeared into the darkness with their burden.
- What? hurts? – Tushin asked Rostov in a whisper.
- Hurts.
- Your honor, to the general. They’re standing here in the hut,” said the fireworksman, approaching Tushin.
- Now, my dear.
Tushin stood up and, buttoning his overcoat and straightening himself, walked away from the fire...
Not far from the artillery fire, in the hut prepared for him, Prince Bagration sat at dinner, talking with some of the unit commanders who had gathered with him. There was an old man with half-closed eyes, greedily gnawing a mutton bone, and a twenty-two-year-old impeccable general, flushed from a glass of vodka and dinner, and a staff officer with a name ring, and Zherkov, looking at everyone restlessly, and Prince Andrei, pale, with pursed lips and feverishly shiny eyes.
In the hut there stood a taken French banner leaning in the corner, and the auditor with a naive face felt the fabric of the banner and, perplexed, shook his head, perhaps because he was really interested in the appearance of the banner, and perhaps because it was hard for him hungry to look at dinner for which he did not have enough utensils. In the next hut there was a French colonel captured by the dragoons. Our officers crowded around him, looking at him. Prince Bagration thanked individual commanders and asked about the details of the case and losses. The regimental commander, who introduced himself near Braunau, reported to the prince that as soon as the matter began, he retreated from the forest, gathered woodcutters and, letting them pass by him, with two battalions struck with bayonets and overthrew the French.
- As I saw, Your Excellency, that the first battalion was upset, I stood on the road and thought: “I’ll let these through and meet them with battle fire”; I did so.
The regimental commander wanted to do this so much, he regretted so much that he did not have time to do this, that it seemed to him that all this had actually happened. Perhaps it actually happened? Was it possible to make out in this confusion what was and what was not?
“And I must note, Your Excellency,” he continued, recalling Dolokhov’s conversation with Kutuzov and his last meeting with the demoted man, “that the private, demoted Dolokhov, captured a French officer before my eyes and especially distinguished himself.”
“Here I saw, Your Excellency, an attack by the Pavlogradians,” Zherkov intervened, looking around uneasily, who had not seen the hussars at all that day, but had only heard about them from an infantry officer. - They crushed two squares, your Excellency.
At Zherkov’s words, some smiled, as always expecting a joke from him; but, noticing that what he was saying also tended towards the glory of our weapons and the present day, they took on a serious expression, although many knew very well that what Zherkov said was a lie, based on nothing. Prince Bagration turned to the old colonel.
- Thank you all, gentlemen, all units acted heroically: infantry, cavalry and artillery. How are two guns left in the center? – he asked, looking for someone with his eyes. (Prince Bagration did not ask about the guns on the left flank; he already knew that all the guns had been abandoned there at the very beginning of the matter.) “I think I asked you,” he turned to the officer on duty at the headquarters.
“One was hit,” answered the officer on duty, “and the other, I can’t understand; I myself was there all the time and gave orders and just drove away... It was hot, really,” he added modestly.
Someone said that Captain Tushin was standing here near the village, and that they had already sent for him.
“Yes, there you were,” said Prince Bagration, turning to Prince Andrei.
“Well, we didn’t move in together for a bit,” said the officer on duty, smiling pleasantly at Bolkonsky.
“I did not have the pleasure of seeing you,” said Prince Andrei coldly and abruptly.
Everyone was silent. Tushin appeared on the threshold, timidly making his way from behind the generals. Walking around the generals in a cramped hut, embarrassed, as always, at the sight of his superiors, Tushin did not notice the flagpole and stumbled over it. Several voices laughed.
– How was the weapon abandoned? – Bagration asked, frowning not so much at the captain as at those laughing, among whom Zherkov’s voice was heard loudest.
Tushin now only, at the sight of the formidable authorities, imagined in all horror his guilt and shame in the fact that he, having remained alive, had lost two guns. He was so excited that until that moment he did not have time to think about it. The officers' laughter confused him even more. He stood in front of Bagration with a trembling lower jaw and barely said:
– I don’t know... Your Excellency... there were no people, Your Excellency.
– You could have taken it from cover!
Tushin did not say that there was no cover, although this was the absolute truth. He was afraid to let down another boss and silently, with fixed eyes, looked straight into Bagration’s face, like a confused student looks into the eyes of an examiner.
The silence was quite long. Prince Bagration, apparently not wanting to be strict, had nothing to say; the rest did not dare to intervene in the conversation. Prince Andrey looked at Tushin from under his brows, and his fingers moved nervously.
“Your Excellency,” Prince Andrei interrupted the silence with his sharp voice, “you deigned to send me to Captain Tushin’s battery.” I was there and found two thirds of the men and horses killed, two guns mangled, and no cover.
Prince Bagration and Tushin now looked equally stubbornly at Bolkonsky, who was speaking restrainedly and excitedly.
“And if, Your Excellency, allow me to express my opinion,” he continued, “then we owe the success of the day most of all to the action of this battery and the heroic fortitude of Captain Tushin and his company,” said Prince Andrei and, without waiting for an answer, he immediately stood up and walked away from the table.
Prince Bagration looked at Tushin and, apparently not wanting to show distrust of Bolkonsky’s harsh judgment and, at the same time, feeling unable to fully believe him, bowed his head and told Tushin that he could go. Prince Andrei followed him out.
“Thank you, I helped you out, my dear,” Tushin told him.
Prince Andrei looked at Tushin and, without saying anything, walked away from him. Prince Andrei was sad and hard. It was all so strange, so unlike what he had hoped for."Who are they? Why are they? What do they need? And when will all this end? thought Rostov, looking at the changing shadows in front of him. The pain in my arm became more and more excruciating. Sleep was falling irresistibly, red circles were jumping in my eyes, and the impression of these voices and these faces and the feeling of loneliness merged with a feeling of pain. It was they, these soldiers, wounded and unwounded, - it was they who pressed, and weighed down, and turned out the veins, and burned the meat in his broken arm and shoulder. To get rid of them, he closed his eyes.
He forgot himself for one minute, but in this short period of oblivion he saw countless objects in his dreams: he saw his mother and her big white hand, he saw Sonya’s thin shoulders, Natasha’s eyes and laughter, and Denisov with his voice and mustache, and Telyanin , and his whole story with Telyanin and Bogdanich. This whole story was one and the same thing: this soldier with a sharp voice, and this whole story and this soldier so painfully, relentlessly held, pressed and all pulled his hand in one direction. He tried to move away from them, but they did not let go of his shoulder, not even a hair, not even for a second. It wouldn’t hurt, it would be healthy if they didn’t pull on it; but it was impossible to get rid of them.
He opened his eyes and looked up. The black canopy of night hung an arshin above the light of the coals. In this light, particles of falling snow flew. Tushin did not return, the doctor did not come. He was alone, only some soldier was now sitting naked on the other side of the fire and warming his thin yellow body.
“Nobody needs me! - thought Rostov. - There is no one to help or feel sorry for. And I was once at home, strong, cheerful, loved.” “He sighed and involuntarily groaned with a sigh.
- Oh, what hurts? - asked the soldier, shaking his shirt over the fire, and, without waiting for an answer, he grunted and added: - You never know how many people have been spoiled in a day - passion!
Rostov did not listen to the soldier. He looked at the snowflakes fluttering over the fire and remembered the Russian winter with a warm, bright house, a fluffy fur coat, fast sleighs, a healthy body and with all the love and care of his family. “And why did I come here!” he thought.
The next day, the French did not resume the attack, and the rest of Bagration’s detachment joined Kutuzov’s army.Prince Vasily did not think about his plans. He even less thought of doing evil to people in order to gain benefit. He was only a secular man who had succeeded in the world and made a habit out of this success. He constantly, depending on the circumstances, depending on his rapprochement with people, drew up various plans and considerations, of which he himself was not well aware, but which constituted the entire interest of his life. Not one or two such plans and considerations were in his mind, but dozens, of which some were just beginning to appear to him, others were achieved, and others were destroyed. He did not say to himself, for example: “This man is now in power, I must gain his trust and friendship and through him arrange for the issuance of a one-time allowance,” or he did not say to himself: “Pierre is rich, I must lure him to marry his daughter and borrow the 40 thousand I need”; but a man in strength met him, and at that very moment instinct told him that this man could be useful, and Prince Vasily became close to him and at the first opportunity, without preparation, by instinct, flattered, became familiar, talked about what what was needed.
Pierre was under his arm in Moscow, and Prince Vasily arranged for him to be appointed a chamber cadet, which was then equivalent to the rank of state councilor, and insisted that the young man go with him to St. Petersburg and stay in his house. As if absent-mindedly and at the same time with an undoubted confidence that this should be so, Prince Vasily did everything that was necessary in order to marry Pierre to his daughter. If Prince Vasily had thought about his plans ahead, he could not have had such naturalness in his manners and such simplicity and familiarity in his relations with all the people placed above and below himself. Something constantly attracted him to people stronger or richer than himself, and he was gifted with the rare art of catching exactly the moment when it was necessary and possible to take advantage of people.
Pierre, having unexpectedly become a rich man and Count Bezukhy, after recent loneliness and carelessness, felt so surrounded and busy that he could only be left alone with himself in bed. He had to sign papers, deal with government offices, the meaning of which he had no clear idea of, ask the chief manager about something, go to an estate near Moscow and receive many people who previously did not want to know about his existence, but now would offended and upset if he didn’t want to see them. All these various persons - businessmen, relatives, acquaintances - were all equally well disposed towards the young heir; all of them, obviously and undoubtedly, were convinced of the high merits of Pierre. He constantly heard the words: “With your extraordinary kindness,” or “with your wonderful heart,” or “you yourself are so pure, Count...” or “if only he were as smart as you,” etc., so he He sincerely began to believe in his extraordinary kindness and his extraordinary mind, especially since it always seemed to him, deep down in his soul, that he was really very kind and very smart. Even people who had previously been angry and obviously hostile became tender and loving towards him. Such an angry eldest of the princesses, with a long waist, with hair smoothed like a doll’s, came to Pierre’s room after the funeral. Lowering her eyes and constantly flushing, she told him that she was very sorry for the misunderstandings that had happened between them and that now she felt she had no right to ask for anything, except permission, after the blow that had befallen her, to stay for a few weeks in the house that she loved so much and where made so many sacrifices. She couldn't help but cry at these words. Touched that this statue-like princess could change so much, Pierre took her hand and asked for an apology, without knowing why. From that day on, the princess began to knit a striped scarf for Pierre and completely changed towards him.
– Do it for her, mon cher; “All the same, she suffered a lot from the dead man,” Prince Vasily told him, letting him sign some kind of paper in favor of the princess.
Prince Vasily decided that this bone, a bill of 30 thousand, had to be thrown to the poor princess so that it would not occur to her to talk about Prince Vasily’s participation in the mosaic portfolio business. Pierre signed the bill, and from then on the princess became even kinder. The younger sisters also became affectionate towards him, especially the youngest, pretty, with a mole, often embarrassed Pierre with her smiles and embarrassment at the sight of him.
It seemed so natural to Pierre that everyone loved him, it would seem so unnatural if someone did not love him, that he could not help but believe in the sincerity of the people around him. Moreover, he did not have time to ask himself about the sincerity or insincerity of these people. He constantly had no time, he constantly felt in a state of meek and cheerful intoxication. He felt like the center of some important general movement; felt that something was constantly expected of him; that if he didn’t do this, he would upset many and deprive them of what they expected, but if he did this and that, everything would be fine - and he did what was required of him, but something good remained ahead.
More than anyone else at this first time, Prince Vasily took possession of both Pierre’s affairs and himself. Since the death of Count Bezukhy, he has not let Pierre out of his hands. Prince Vasily had the appearance of a man weighed down by affairs, tired, exhausted, but out of compassion, unable to finally abandon this helpless young man, the son of his friend, to the mercy of fate and the swindlers, apres tout, [in the end,] and with such a huge fortune. In those few days that he stayed in Moscow after the death of Count Bezukhy, he called Pierre to himself or came to him himself and prescribed to him what needed to be done, in such a tone of fatigue and confidence, as if he was saying every time:
“Vous savez, que je suis accable d"affaires et que ce n"est que par pure charite, que je m"occupe de vous, et puis vous savez bien, que ce que je vous propose est la seule chose faisable." [ You know, I am swamped with business; but it would be merciless to leave you like this; of course, what I am telling you is the only possible one.]
“Well, my friend, tomorrow we’re going, finally,” he told him one day, closing his eyes, moving his fingers on his elbow and in such a tone, as if what he was saying had been decided a long time ago between them and could not be decided otherwise.
“We’re going tomorrow, I’ll give you a place in my stroller.” I am very happy. Everything important is over here. I should have needed it a long time ago. This is what I received from the chancellor. I asked him about you, and you were enlisted in the diplomatic corps and made a chamber cadet. Now the diplomatic path is open to you.
Despite the strength of the tone of fatigue and the confidence with which these words were spoken, Pierre, who had been thinking about his career for so long, wanted to object. But Prince Vasily interrupted him in that cooing, bassy tone that excluded the possibility of interrupting his speech and which he used when extreme persuasion was necessary.
- Mais, mon cher, [But, my dear,] I did it for myself, for my conscience, and there is nothing to thank me for. No one ever complained that he was too loved; and then, you are free, even if you quit tomorrow. You will see everything for yourself in St. Petersburg. And it’s high time for you to move away from these terrible memories. – Prince Vasily sighed. - Yes, yes, my soul. And let my valet ride in your carriage. Oh yes, I forgot,” Prince Vasily added, “you know, mon cher, that we had scores with the deceased, so I received it from Ryazan and will leave it: you don’t need it.” We will settle with you.
What Prince Vasily called from “Ryazan” were several thousand quitrents, which Prince Vasily kept for himself.
In St. Petersburg, as in Moscow, an atmosphere of gentle, loving people surrounded Pierre. He could not refuse the place or, rather, the title (because he did nothing) that Prince Vasily brought him, and there were so many acquaintances, calls and social activities that Pierre, even more than in Moscow, experienced a feeling of fog and haste and everything that is coming, but some good is not happening.