Everyone has seen such an astronomical phenomenon as a solar eclipse at least once in their life. Even in ancient sources, people mentioned it, and today at least once or twice a year you can see partial or complete eclipses all over the Earth. Eclipses occur regularly, several times a year, and even the exact dates of the next ones are known.

What is a solar eclipse?

Objects in outer space are located in such a way that the shadow of one can overlap another. The moon provokes a solar eclipse when it covers the fiery disk. At this moment, the planet becomes a little colder and noticeably darker, as if evening had come. Animals and birds get scared in this incomprehensible situation, plants roll up their leaves. Even people used to treat such astronomical jokes with great excitement, but with the development of science everything fell into place.

How does a solar eclipse occur?

The Moon and the Sun are at different distances from our planet, so they appear to people to be almost the same size. On a new moon, when the orbits of both cosmic bodies intersect at one point, the satellite closes the luminary to the earthly viewer. A solar eclipse is a bright and memorable astronomical situation, but it is impossible to fully enjoy it for several reasons:

1. The darkening band is not wide by earthly standards, no more than 200-270 km.
2. Due to the fact that the diameter of the Moon is much smaller than that of the Earth, the eclipse can only be seen in certain places on the planet.
3. The so-called “dark phase” lasts several minutes. After this, the satellite moves to the side, continuing to rotate in its orbit, and the luminary again “works as usual.”

What does a solar eclipse look like?

When the earth's satellite blocks a celestial body, the latter from the surface of the planet looks like a dark spot with a bright corona on the sides. The fireball is covered by another, but of smaller diameter. A pearl-colored glow appears around. These are the outer layers of the solar atmosphere, not visible during normal times. “Magic” lies in one moment, which can only be caught from a certain angle. And the essence of a solar eclipse is the shadow falling from the satellite, which blocks the light. Those in the darkened zone can see the full eclipse, while others can see only partially or not at all.

How long does a solar eclipse last?

Depending on the latitude at which a potential earthly viewer is located, he can observe the Eclipse for 10 to 15 minutes. During this time, there are three conventional stages of a solar eclipse:

1. The Moon appears from the right edge of the luminary.
2. It passes along its orbit, gradually obscuring the fiery disk from the viewer.
3. The darkest period begins - when the satellite completely obscures the star.

After this, the Moon moves away, revealing the right edge of the Sun. The glow ring disappears and it becomes light again. The last period of a solar eclipse is short-lived, lasting on average 2-3 minutes. The longest recorded duration of the full phase in June 1973 lasted 7.5 minutes. And the shortest eclipse was noticeable in 1986 in the north Atlantic Ocean, when a shadow obscured the disk for just one second.

Solar eclipse - types

The geometry of the phenomenon is amazing, and its beauty is due to the following coincidence: the diameter of the star is 400 times larger than the lunar one, and from it to the Earth is 400 times further. Under ideal conditions, you can see a very “accurate” eclipse. But when a person watching a unique phenomenon is in the penumbra of the Moon, he notices a partial darkness. There are three types of eclipses in total:

1. Total solar eclipse - if the darkest phase is visible to earthlings, the fiery disk is completely closed and there is a golden crown effect.
2. Partial when one edge of the Sun is obscured by a shadow.
3. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the earth's satellite is too far away, and when looking at the star, a bright ring is formed.

Why is a solar eclipse dangerous?

A solar eclipse is a phenomenon that has both attracted and terrified people since ancient times. Understanding its nature, there is no point in being afraid, but eclipses really carry colossal energy, which sometimes poses a danger to people. Doctors and psychologists consider the impact of these phenomena on the human body, arguing that hypersensitive people, the elderly and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Three days before the event and three days after, health problems may arise such as:

• headache;
• pressure surges;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases.

What should you not do during a solar eclipse?

From a medical point of view, looking at the sun during an eclipse is very dangerous, because the sun produces a large amount of ultraviolet radiation (and during an eclipse, the eyes are not protected and absorb dangerous doses of UV radiation), which is the cause of various eye diseases. Astrologers talk about the influence of a solar eclipse on people's lives and their behavior. Experts in this field do not recommend starting new businesses during this period in order to avoid failures, taking on something spontaneously and making difficult decisions on which your future fate depends. Some of the things you should not do during a solar eclipse include:

• alcohol and drug abuse;
• conflict resolution as people become more irritable;
• carrying out complex medical procedures;
• participation in mass actions.

When is the next solar eclipse?

In ancient times, the moment when the star disappeared behind the lunar disk could not be predicted. Nowadays, scientists name the exact dates and places where it is best to look beyond the eclipse and the moment of the maximum phase, when the Moon completely covers the fiery disk with its shadow. The calendar for 2018 is as follows:

1. Partial blackout will be visible in Antarctica, southern Argentina and Chile on the night of February 15, 2018.
2. On July 13, at southern latitudes (Australia, Oceania, Antarctica), partial occlusion of the Sun can be observed. Maximum phase – 06:02 Moscow time.
3. The nearest solar eclipse for residents of Russia, Ukraine, Mongolia, China, Canada and Scandinavia will occur on August 11, 2018 at 12:47.

Solar eclipse - interesting facts

Even people who do not understand astronomy are interested in how often a solar eclipse occurs, what causes it, and how long this strange phenomenon lasts. Many facts about him are known to everyone and surprise no one. But there is also interesting information about the eclipse, known to few.

1. Observing a situation where the fiery disk is completely hidden from view in the entire solar system is possible only on Earth.
2. Eclipses can be seen anywhere on the planet on average once every 360 years.
3. The maximum area of ​​overlap of the Sun by the lunar shadow is 80%.
4. In China, data was found about the first recorded eclipse, which happened in 1050 BC.
5. The ancient Chinese believed that during an eclipse, a “sun dog” eats the Sun. They began to beat the drums to drive away the celestial predator from the luminary. He should have been scared and returned the stolen goods to the sky.
6. When a solar eclipse occurs, the lunar shadow moves across the Earth's surface at enormous speeds - up to 2 km per second.
7. Scientists have calculated that in 600 million years the eclipses will stop completely, because... the satellite will move away from the planet to a great distance.

In ancient times, a solar eclipse caused panic and superstitious fear among our ancestors. Many peoples believed that it was an omen of some kind of misfortune or was the wrath of the gods.

Nowadays, science has sufficient capabilities to explain the essence of this astronomical miracle and identify the reasons for its origin. What is a solar eclipse? Why is this happening?

What is a solar eclipse?

A solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the Moon covers the solar disk from observers. If the Sun hides completely, then it becomes dark on our planet, and stars can be seen in the sky.

At this moment, the air temperature drops slightly, animals begin to show restlessness, individual plants roll up their leaves, birds stop singing, frightened by the unexpected darkness.

Solar eclipses are always recorded during the new moon, when the side of the Moon facing our planet is not illuminated by sunlight. Thanks to this, it feels like a black spot appears on the Sun.


Since the Moon has a smaller diameter than the Earth, eclipses can only be seen in certain places on the planet, and the darkening band does not exceed a width of 200 km. The complete darkness phase lasts no more than a few minutes, after which the Sun follows its natural rhythm.

How does a solar eclipse occur?

A solar eclipse is a unique and quite rare phenomenon. Despite the fact that the solar diameter is hundreds of times greater than the diametrical indicators of the Moon, from the earth's surface it seems as if both celestial bodies are approximately the same size. This is due to the fact that the Sun is 400 times further away than our satellite.

During certain periods, the lunar disk looks larger than the solar one, as a result of which it covers the star. Such moments occur when a new moon occurs near the so-called lunar nodes - the points at which the lunar and solar orbits intersect.

For astronauts on the space station, the eclipse appears as the moon's shadow falling on parts of the Earth's surface. It resembles a converging cone and moves around the planet at a speed of about 1 kilometer per second.


From the globe, the Sun appears as a black spot, around which a corona appears - luminous layers of the solar atmosphere, invisible to the eye under standard conditions.

What types of solar eclipses are there?

In accordance with the astronomical classification, total and partial eclipses are distinguished. In the case of a complete darkening, the Moon covers the entire Sun, and people observing the phenomenon fall into a strip of lunar shadow.

If we talk about partial eclipses, then in such a situation it is not at the center of the solar disk, but along one of its edges, while observers stand away from the shadowed strip - at a distance of up to 2000 km. At the same time, the sky does not darken so much, and the stars are almost invisible.

In addition to partial and total eclipses, eclipses can be annular. A similar phenomenon occurs when the lunar shadow does not reach the earth's surface. Viewers see how the Moon crosses the center of the Sun, but at the same time the lunar disk appears smaller than the solar one and does not completely cover it.

It is interesting that the same eclipse in different parts of the planet can look like an annular or total eclipse. A hybrid eclipse is considered to be quite rare, in which the edges of the solar disk are visible around our satellite, but the sky remains bright, without stars and a corona.

How often do solar eclipses occur?

In some places on the planet this miracle can be seen quite often, in others it is extremely rare. On average, between two and five eclipses occur around the globe each year.


All of them are calculated in advance, so astronomers carefully prepare for each phenomenon, and special expeditions are sent to places where eclipses are expected. Every hundred years, the Moon covers the Sun on average 237 times, with most eclipses being partial.

Solar eclipse:
Total solar eclipse, partial solar eclipse, annular eclipse

Recently, astronomy has ceased to be a compulsory subject in school; hopes are pinned on this publication for the possibility of filling the forced gaps in education with the help of the Internet...

First of all, let’s turn to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia to take advantage of the time-tested and undoubtedly outstanding scientists definition of the subject of our conversation: “An eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon in which the Sun, Moon, planet, satellite of a planet or star ceases to be visible in whole or in part to an earthly observer.
Eclipses occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another similar body. An eclipse of the Sun is observed when it is covered (overshadowed) by the Moon."Solar eclipses always occur on New Moon.

A solar eclipse is a unique phenomenon every time.
What types of eclipses are there?

We are so used to our moon that we don’t even realize how lucky we are with it! And we were lucky to have her twice. First, our Moon is not some shapeless boulder like Phobos or Deimos, but a neat, round mini-planet! Second: The Moon is now far enough away from the Earth and there are no daily earthquakes and huge waves, once in the past caused by the tidal forces of the Moon (in our time, the Moon is moving away from the Earth at a speed of 4 cm per year - in earlier eras this happened faster). The Moon is now so far away that its apparent angular size is close to that of the even more distant Sun. And once upon a time the Moon was so close to the Earth that solar eclipses occurred every new moon, although at that time there was no one to look at them...

Each solar eclipse is unique in its own way; exactly how the eclipse will look for an observer on earth is determined by 3 factors (in addition to weather): the angular diameters (dimensions) of the Sun visible from the observation point α and the moon β and the trajectory of the Moon relative to the Sun and stars (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. The angular diameters of the Sun visible from the Earth's surface ( α ) and Moon ( β ), the trajectory of the Moon’s movement across the starry sky (dotted line).

Due to the fact that the Moon and the Earth move in elliptical orbits (the Moon is sometimes closer and sometimes further from the Earth, and the Earth, in turn, is sometimes closer and sometimes further from the Sun), the apparent angular diameter of the Moon, depending on its orbital position, can vary from 29 .43" to 33.3" (arcminutes), and the apparent angular diameter of the Sun is from 31.6" to 32.7". Moreover, their average apparent diameters, respectively, are for the Moon: 31"05" and for the Sun: 31"59".
Depending on whether the visible trajectory of the Moon passes through the center of the Sun, or intersects its visible region in an arbitrary place, as well as various combinations of the visible angular sizes of the Moon and the Sun, three types of solar eclipses are traditionally distinguished: partial, total and annular eclipses .

Partial solar eclipse

If the observed trajectory of the Moon does not pass through the center of the Sun, then the Moon, as a rule, cannot completely obscure the Sun (Fig. 3) - an eclipse in which the Moon covers the Sun is not completely called partial (partial from the word “part” with the meaning “partial” eclipse"). Such an eclipse can occur for any possible combination of the apparent angular diameters of the Moon and the Sun.

The majority of solar eclipses occurring on Earth are partial eclipses (approximately 68%).

Total solar eclipse

If at any point on the Earth's surface observers can see that the Moon completely covers the Sun, then such an eclipse is called a total solar eclipse. Such an eclipse occurs when the apparent path of the Moon passes through the center of the Sun or very close to it and at the same time the apparent diameter of the Moon β must be greater than or at least equal to the apparent diameter of the Sun α (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Total solar eclipse, March 20, 2015 in 12:46 observed near the North Pole.

A total solar eclipse can be observed within very small areas of the earth's surface, as a rule, it is a strip up to 270 km wide, outlined by the shadow of the Moon - observers in areas adjacent to the shadowed areas see only a partial solar eclipse (Figure 5).

Rice. 5. Total solar eclipse, the shadow of the Moon on the surface of the Earth, the dark dotted line indicates the trajectory of the shadow area

For each specific area, a total solar eclipse is very rare. In Moscow, for example, the last total solar eclipse occurred in August 1887 (08/19/1887), and the next one is expected on 10/16/2126. So, if you sit in one place for a long time, you may never see a total solar eclipse in your life ( however, in August 1887, Muscovites still did not see it due to bad weather). Therefore: “If you want to survive an event, do everything possible to make it happen!” /Slogan of Enthusiasts/
Thank God, in general, on the surface of the Earth, total eclipses do not occur very rarely, on average once every year and a half and account for almost 27% of all eclipse variants.

Annular solar eclipse

If the trajectory of the Moon passes near the center of the Sun, but the apparent angular diameter of the Moon is less than that of the Sun β < α , then at the moment the centers align, the Moon cannot completely obscure the Sun and a glow in the form of a ring is created around it, such an eclipse is called annular (Fig. 6), but in oral speech, which traditionally strives to express the meaning as briefly as possible, the expression annular eclipse has been established, i.e. . "Annular solar eclipse" is a term, but "annular eclipse" is just jargon for now...

Rice. 6. An annular solar eclipse, someday...

Annular (annular) solar eclipses are currently the rarest type of eclipses, accounting for only 5%. But, as we know, the Moon is gradually moving away from the Earth and annular eclipses will occur more and more often.

Why solar eclipses happen so rarely

The main reason that solar eclipses in our time do not occur every new moon is that the plane of the Moon’s orbit does not coincide with the plane of the ecliptic (the plane of the Earth’s orbit) and is inclined to it at an angle of 5.145 degrees (Fig. 7, item 1). In this figure, as well as in all others, the sizes of the angles and the ratio of the scales of objects are exaggerated for clarity of the images.

Rice. 7.

Work on the article "Solar Eclipses" continues.

Sergey Ov(Seosnews9)

Solar eclipses of 2019:
January 2019 - Partial solar eclipse ;
July 2019 - Total solar eclipse;
December 2019 -(observed in Russia)

06.01.2019 04:28 - New Moon.
This new moon will happenpartial solar eclipse January 6, 2019 at 04:41 MSK, eclipse it will be possible to observe in eastern Mongolia, northeastern China, Korea and Japan, in Russia - in the south of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.

02.07.2019 22:16 - New Moon.
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse , the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin July 2, 2019 at 10:26 pm MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in the south Pacific Ocean, Central and South America (Chile, Argentina), alas: will not be observed in Russia...

26.12.2019 08:13 - New Moon.
This new moon will make the inhabitants of the Earth happy with the third solar eclipse of the year - it will be annular solar eclipse (annular), the maximum phase of the eclipse will occur December 26, 2019 05:18:53 MSK, an annular eclipse can be observed in the east of the Arabian Peninsula, southern India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Malaysia and Indonesia, partial in Central and Southeast Asia, Australia and western Oceania , in Russia the eclipse will be observed in Transbaikalia and Primorye .

2018:
February 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
July 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
August 2018 - Partial solar eclipse (observed in Russia)

16.02.2018 00:05 - New Moon
This new moon will happen partial solar eclipse , the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin 02/15/2018 at 23:52 MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in Antarctica and southern South America (Chile, Argentina) - summary: V Russia will not be observed.

13.07.2018 05:48 - New Moon ( , (super new moon) - a variant translation from the English word "supermoon", another - "Super Moon". On a new moon, the Moon is usually not visible, but in such cases there are very strong tides, maybe a better translation would be: “Strong Moon”?)
In addition, on this new moon there will be partial solar eclipse , the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin 07/13/2018 at 06:02 MSK. The eclipse can be observed, alas, only in Antarctica on the Budd Coast, the southernmost part of Australia, Tasmania or in the Indian Ocean between Antarctica and Australia - The eclipse will not be observed in Russia .

11.08.2018 12:58 - New moon( , Strong Moon)
On this new moon it will also happenpartial solar eclipse , the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin August 11, 2018 at 12:47 MSK, the eclipse can be observed in the north of Canada, Greenland in the Scandinavian countries, in Russia - in the northern and middle latitudes of Central Russia, throughout Siberia and the Far East , northeastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China .

2017: February 2017 - Annular solar eclipse; August 2017 - Total solar eclipse

26 February 2017 17:58
On this winter new moon there will be annular solar eclipse . The maximum phase of the eclipse will occur February 26, 2017 at 17:54 MSK . An annular eclipse of the Sun can be observed in the south of Argentina and Chile, southwest Angola, and private in southern South America, Antarctica, western and southern Africa - will not be observed in Russia.

21 August 2017 21:30- astronomical new moon.
On this summer new moon there will be total solar eclipse . The maximum phase of the eclipse will occur August 21, 2017 at 21:26 MSK. A total eclipse of the Sun can be observed, alas, only in North America in the United States, private in Russia - in Chukotka (the Moon will barely touch the Sun); in other countries- in the USA and Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland and the UK, Portugal (at sunset), Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guinea and Brazil.

March 2016 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon

09 March 2016 04:54 Moscow time - astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin March 09, 2016 at 04:58 MSK, a total solar eclipse will be observed on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Halmahera, private in Russia- in Primorye, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka; in other countries in India, China, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, USA and Canada (Alaska) ;

01.09.2016 12:03 - astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen annular solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin September 01, 2016 at 12:08 MSK , An annular eclipse can be observed, alas, only in central Africa and Madagascar, and a partial eclipse in all African countries, in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and in the Indian Ocean

March 2015 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon

March 20, 2015 12:36 Moscow time - astronomical new moon; ;
On this new moon there will be a total solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will occur on March 20, 2015 at 12:46:47 MSK, total eclipse of the sun can be observed in the Faroe Islands, Spitsbergen and the North Pole, partial eclipse in Russia- throughout the European part and Western Siberia; as well as in Greenland, Europe and Central Asia. ;

* Eclipses, eclipse = Z.

Z. - astronomical phenomena, which consist in the fact that the Sun, Moon, planet, satellite of a planet, or star ceases to be visible in whole or in part to an earthly observer. Shadows occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another similar body. Thus, the Earth of the Sun is observed when it is covered by the Moon; W. Moon - when the shadow of the Earth falls on it; Z. satellites of planets - when they fall into the shadow of a planet; Z. in systems of double stars - when one star covers the other. Zoning also includes the passage of a satellite's shadow across the planet's disk, the Moon's occultation of stars and planets (the so-called occultation (See Occultation)), the passage of the inner planets Mercury and Venus across the solar disk, and the passage of satellites across the planet's disk. With the beginning of flights of manned spacecraft, it became possible to observe the Earth from the Sun from these ships (see illustration). Of greatest interest are the rays of the Sun and the Moon, associated with the movement of the Moon around the Earth.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. 1969 - 1978

The period from 2018 to 2033 was chosen because... it is quite interesting in relation to solar eclipses visible from the territory of Russia and the CIS countries. During these years, 14 solar eclipses will be observed from the territory of our country, which include two total eclipses, two annular eclipses and 10 partial eclipses. Particularly interesting will be the annular solar eclipse on June 1, 2030, the band of the annular phase of which will pass through the entire country from west to east from Crimea to Primorye!

It is worth noting that, for example, in the period from 2034 to 2060 (twice as long), only two total and three annular solar eclipses will be observed in our country! The difference is obvious, so we can say that Russians and residents of the CIS are lucky with solar eclipses in the next fifteen years.

How do solar eclipses occur? The cause of solar eclipses is our celestial neighbor the Moon. The apparent diameters of the Sun and Moon as seen from Earth are approximately the same. This means that the Moon, moving in its orbit, at some point can completely (total eclipse) or partially (partial eclipse) cover the Sun (during the new moon phase).

A total solar eclipse is the most spectacular and spectacular astronomical phenomenon! If night falls in the middle of the day and stars become visible in the sky, this is quite impressive! Unfortunately, the visibility of such a phenomenon extends only to a small area where the lunar shadow falls. But as the lunar shadow moves, it forms a narrow strip on the Earth’s surface (on average about 200 kilometers wide). The length of such a strip is several thousand kilometers, but this is still not enough for a total eclipse of the Sun to be seen by all residents of the hemisphere of the Earth facing the daylight. Total solar eclipses can occur every six months, but due to the peculiarities of the Moon's movement in its orbit, they most often occur only once a year.

More information about the possibility of solar eclipses can be found, for example, in the book “Total Solar Eclipse of March 29, 2006 and Its Observation” (link at the end of the article).

Total solar eclipses can be observed from the same locality on average only once every 300 years. This makes it necessary to travel into the visibility range of the eclipse. A total solar eclipse is accompanied by a partial solar eclipse, which is visible on both sides of the total eclipse band, where the lunar penumbra falls. The farther from the central line of the eclipse, the less the disk of the Sun will be covered by the Moon. But the width of the stripe of a partial solar eclipse is much greater than that of a total eclipse, so partial eclipses can be observed from the same observation point much more often. Thanks to the large territory of our country, we can observe solar eclipses more often than residents of countries with a small territory.

There are only partial eclipses, when the shadow of the Moon passes above or below the polar regions of the Earth, and only the lunar penumbra falls on our planet, showing the appearance of a damaged Sun. An annular eclipse is different in that the Moon completely sets on the disk of the Sun, but cannot completely cover it due to its smaller apparent diameter (when the Moon is near its apogee, i.e. the point of its orbit farthest from the Earth). As a result, the solar ring around the dark disk of the Moon is visible from Earth.

It should be noted that a total eclipse in the European part of Russia will only be observed in 2061. If you look at the map of the bands of total and annular eclipses over 20 years, you can see how rare total solar eclipses are, even for such a large country as ours.

The next total solar eclipses in 2019 and 2020 will be observed in Chile and Argentina. Therefore, those who want to see this wonderful phenomenon as soon as possible need to prepare for a transatlantic flight!

But let’s return to the eclipses of the period 2018 - 2033 described here, and consider them in more detail.

For convenience, which can be downloaded and printed.

Solar eclipses in Russia and the CIS in 2018 - 2033

(world time)

The 2018 solar eclipse will be a partial one. It will occur at the new moon on August 11, and the eclipse band will cover the northeastern part of our country with a maximum phase of 0.736 in Chukotka. Residents of North America, Scandinavia and China will also see private phases. The duration of the eclipse will be slightly less than 3.5 hours. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Leo.

Another solar eclipse of 2019 will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on December 26, and a strip of the annular phase will pass through the Indian and Pacific oceans, crossing Arabia, southern India and Indonesia from west to east. The maximum duration of the annular phase will reach 3 minutes 40 seconds at a phase of 0.97. Residents of the southern regions of our country, countries of Africa, Asia and Australia will see private phases. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Sagittarius.

The 2020 solar eclipse will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on June 21, and the ring-shaped phase will pass through Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Asian continent. The duration of the ring-shaped phase at the maximum of the phenomenon will reach only 38 seconds with a phase of 0.994. In this case, the thinnest ring of this eclipse will be observed. In Russia and the CIS, the eclipse band will cover the entire southern half of the country. The maximum phase of about 0.7 can be observed in the Central Asian CIS countries. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.

The 2022 solar eclipse will be a partial one. It will occur at the new moon on October 25, and the eclipse will cover the western half of Russia. The maximum eclipse phase of 0.861 will be available for observation from the territory of our country in Siberia. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Virgo.

The 2026 solar eclipse will be total. It will occur at the new moon on August 12, and the band of total eclipse will pass through the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, Western Europe and Russia. A total eclipse will be observed in Taimyr (the duration of the total phase is 2 minutes), and a partial eclipse will cover the Far North of the country. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Leo.

The 2029 solar eclipse will be a partial eclipse. It will occur at the new moon on June 12, and the eclipse will pass through the Arctic Ocean, as well as across North America and the Far North of our country. The maximum eclipse phase of 0.458 will be available for observation from North America. In Russia, the smallest phases of the eclipse will be visible (about 0.2 or less). The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.

The 2031 solar eclipse will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on May 21, and the annular eclipse with a maximum phase of 0.959 will pass through the Indian Ocean, as well as across Africa, India and Indonesia. On the territory of our country, the eclipse will be observed in its southern part with small phases (Central Asian CIS countries).

The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.

If you do not delve into the essence of the phenomenon, then we can say that an eclipse is a temporary disappearance of the Sun or Moon from the sky. How does this happen?

Solar and Lunar Eclipse

For example, the Moon, passing between the Earth and the Sun, completely or partially blocks the Sun from an earthly observer. This is a solar eclipse. Or the Moon, making its way around the Earth, finds itself in such a position that the Earth appears on a straight line connecting the Moon and the Sun.

The shadow of the Earth falls on the Moon, and it disappears from the sky. This is a lunar eclipse. Eclipses happen because celestial bodies constantly change location. The Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around the Earth. Both of these processes occur simultaneously. If for a few minutes the Moon, Earth and Sun are on the same line, an eclipse begins. A total solar eclipse is a very rare and dramatic event.

During a total solar eclipse, it seems as if some huge monster is devouring the Sun, piece by piece. When the Sun disappears, the sky darkens and stars are visible in the sky. The air is rapidly cooling. Soon there is nothing left of the Sun except a thin luminous ring, as if hanging in the sky, this is what we see as part of the blazing solar corona.

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During a total solar eclipse, the air temperature drops, the sky darkens and stars appear on it.

Ancient Chinese artists depicted a solar eclipse as a dragon devouring the Sun. In fact, after a few minutes the Sun comes out of its “shelter” and the night turns into a clear day again. This dragon turns out to be the Moon, passing between the Earth and the Sun. To finally understand what happens during an eclipse, carry out a simple experiment. Turn on the desk lamp and look at it.

Now take a piece of cardboard and slowly move it in front of your eyes so that at the end of the movement the cardboard is between your eyes and the lamp. The moment when the cardboard covers the lamp from your eyes corresponds to the moment the solar eclipse begins. The cardboard is far from the lamp, but once in front of your eyes, it blocks the light of the lamp from you. If you move the cardboard further, the lamp will again open to your view.

Total and partial solar eclipse

The same can be said about the Moon. You see a solar eclipse when the Moon, crossing the daytime sky, comes between the Sun and the illuminated face of the Earth, blocking the light of the Sun from it. If the Moon blocks only part of the Sun, then a partial solar eclipse occurs.