Conversation on the topic of cosmonautics day for dow. Didactic game "Family of words"

Topic: “Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten”

Objectives: To introduce children to the history of the Cosmonautics Day holiday. Give initial information about the planets, the Sun, the Moon. Dictionary: space, planets, spaceship, Yuri Gagarin. Reinforce your knowledge of geometric shapes. Improve visual skills. Develop spatial imagination, fine and gross motor skills. Cultivate curiosity.

Topic: “Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten”

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"Conversation "Cosmonautics Day."

Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the environment in the middle group

Subject: "Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten"

Goals:

Introduce children to the history of the Cosmonautics Day holiday.

Give initial information about the planets, the Sun, the Moon.

Dictionary: space, planets, spaceship, Yuri Gagarin.

Reinforce your knowledge of geometric shapes.

Improve visual skills.

Develop spatial imagination, fine and gross motor skills.

Cultivate curiosity.

Equipment:

Pictures depicting a portrait of Yu. Gagarin, dogs Belka and Strelka, constellations, the Moon.

Balloon.

A set of geometric shapes, a sample of a rocket made up of these shapes.

Sheets of paper with drawn aliens and rockets made from geometric shapes, pencils.

Drawings of constellations.

Cardboard with a cut circle, yellow and orange paint, sponges, drawing equipment.

Progress of the lesson:

Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and thought about how to rise above the clouds and find out what is there. It took a long, long time before people learned to build healing devices. And the first to fly into them were not people, but animals: rats, and then dogs. Take a look at this picture. (Show). On it you can see the first dogs. Who flew into space and came back. Their names are Belka and Strelka. And only after other dogs had successfully flown into space did the first man go there.

Many years ago, it was on this day that cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin flew into space. ( Display of a portrait of Yuri Gagarin).

In a space rocket

With the name "East"

He is the first on the planet

I was able to rise to the stars.

Since then, on this day every year we celebrate Cosmonautics Day - a holiday of astronauts and everyone who helps them fly successfully into space.

Today you and I will play as astronauts: we’ll go on a flight in a spaceship, help aliens, and observe the constellations.

Yuri Gagarin flew into space on a rocket. Using the example of a ball, I will show you how a rocket flies.

The teacher inflates the balloon and closes the hole with his fingers. And then he unclenches his fingers and the ball shoots up sharply.

Our balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it. But the rocket contains not air, but fuel.

Now let's build our own rockets from geometric shapes.

Didactic game “Build a rocket”

Children are offered a sample and a set of geometric shapes. From which you need to build a rocket.

Dynamic pause “Cosmonauts land on planets”

Hoops of different sizes and sizes are laid out on the floor. Children are divided into two teams “East” and “Lightning” and perform the commands:

Crew members of the Vostok spacecraft, line up one behind the other.

Crew members of the spaceship "Molniya", stand in a circle.

The crew of the Vostok spacecraft landed on the large yellow planet.

The crew of the spaceship "Molniya" landed on two small blue planets.

Astronauts and scientists have found that there is no life on the planets that revolve around our Sun: some are too cold, others are too hot. Nobody lives on these planets.

Only our planet Earth

Suitable for habitation in every way.

After all, the Earth is a garden planet

In this cold space.

Only here the forests are noisy,

Calling migratory birds.

Take care of your planet -

After all, there is no other one like it!

But maybe somewhere far, far away, near another star. There are living beings on distant planets. We call those who live on other planets “extraterrestrials.” Now the aliens need our help: we need to help them find their spaceships.

Didactic game “Place aliens in spaceships”

Look at the sheet and answer me, children:

Who flies which rocket?

On a sheet of paper, aliens are drawn from geometric shapes and rockets in the shape of the same shapes. You need to connect with a line the images of a rocket and an alien, consisting of identical geometric shapes.

Poem about constellations

Over the Earth late at night,

Just extend your hand

You'll grab the stars:

They seem nearby.

You can take a Peacock feather,

Touch the hands on the Clock,

Ride the Dolphin

Swing on Libra.

Over the Earth late at night,

If you glance at the sky,

You will see, like grapes,

The constellations hang there.

Didactic game “Name the constellations”

Guys, astronomers - scientists who observe and study stars - have discovered new constellations in the sky and ask us to help come up with names for them.

Place your hands in a tube one behind the other, as if looking through a telescope, and look carefully at this constellation. What can you call it?

When we look at the sky at night, what do we see? (Show the picture. Children’s answers). Stars and moon.

The Moon is a satellite of our planet Earth.

Only the sun goes to bed,

The moon can't sit still.

Walks across the sky at night,

Dimly illuminates the earth.

Now our rocket will go to the Moon. There we will draw a lunar portrait. But first, let's prepare our fingers.

Finger gymnastics

"Sun"

(Two palms connected crosswise to each other with fingers spread apart)

"Rocket"

(Palms connected with index, middle and ring fingers, lower parts of palms apart, wrists on the table)

"Lunokhod"

(Run your fingers over the surface of the table, avoiding all the irregularities, sideways, like a “spider”)

Sponge painting “Moon”

Children are asked to place a sheet of cardboard with a circle cut in it on a sheet of black paper and, using a sponge, apply paint to the circle (not smearing, but pressing). Then carefully remove the cardboard and use your fingers to draw crater circles.

And we live with you on the planet... Earth.

We strive for miracles

But there is nothing more wonderful

How to fly and return

Under the roof of your house!

April 12th is celebrated in our country Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, our planet was shocked by unexpected news: “Man in space!” People's dream of flying into space has come true. On an April morning, the first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. The flight around the Earth lasted 108 minutes.

The starry sky has always attracted the eyes of people, beckoning with its uncertainty. People dreamed of learning as much as possible about space. Thus began the time of space rockets, satellites, lunar rovers...

Let's tell children about space and astronauts so they have an idea

It’s good if parents read books about space with their children, show pictures, and look at the starry globe. You can play space-themed games with your children, read and learn poems about space, and guess interesting

Telling children about space

Planets and stars

Our Earth is a huge ball on which there are seas, rivers, mountains, deserts and forests. And also people live. Our Earth and everything that surrounds it is called the Universe, or space. In addition to our blue planet, there are others, as well as stars. Stars are huge balls of light. - also a star. It is located close to the Earth, so we see it and feel its heat.

We see stars only at night, and during the day the Sun eclipses them. There are stars even bigger than the sun

In addition to the Earth, there are 8 more planets in the solar system, each planet has its own path, which is called an orbit.

Let's remember the planets:

All planets in order

Any of us can name:

Once - Mercury,

Two - Venus,

Three - Earth,

Four - Mars.

Five - Jupiter

Six - Saturn,

Seven - Uranus,

Behind him is Neptune.

He is the eighth in a row.

And after him, then,

And the ninth planet

Called Pluto.

Jupiter is the largest planet. If you imagine it in the form of a watermelon, then in comparison with it Pluto will look like a pea.

To help children remember all the planets better, read the poem and let them remember it. You can sculpt planets from plasticine, draw them, or cut them out of paper and attach them to a lamp at home, for example.

You can see our space crafts made from plasticine

Children about space

Astronomers

Scientists who observe and study stars are called astronomers.

Previously, people did not know anything about space, about the stars and believed that the sky was a cap that covered the Earth, and the stars were attached to it. Ancient people thought that the Earth was motionless, and the Sun and Moon revolved around it.

Many years later, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proved that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. Newton understood why the planets revolve around the Sun and do not fall. They all fly around the Sun in their own way.

This is how scientists discovered the secrets of space. In the Middle Ages, a telescope was invented, with which scientists observed the stars.

There are still many mysteries in space, so astronomers will have enough work to do for a long time.

Animal astronauts

To find out what a person will have to face in space, scientists sent animals for “reconnaissance.” There were dogs, rabbits, mice, even microbes.

Dogs are smarter animals than mice, but not all dogs were suitable for testing. Purebred dogs are very gentle, they were not suitable for space. The dogs were selected by size, trained with them, accustomed to noise and shaking. Ordinary mongrels came closest.

The first dog, Laika, was sent into space in 1957. She was observed, but she did not return to Earth.

Then Belka and Strelka flew into space. In 1960, on August 19, they were launched into space on the prototype of the Vostok spacecraft. They stayed in space for more than a day and returned safely.

So scientists proved that space flight is possible.

About astronauts for children

An astronaut is a person who tests space technology and works in space. Now there are astronauts in many countries.

The first cosmonaut was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. On April 12, 1961, he flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft and circled the Earth in 1 hour and 48 minutes. Came back alive and healthy.

Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in the village of Klushino, Gzhatsky district, Smolensk region, into an ordinary family of a collective farmer. I grew up as an ordinary child. In his youth, he was interested in classes at the flying club. After college he became a pilot. In 1959, he was enrolled in the group of cosmonaut candidates. And for his first flight into space he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the Order of Lenin.

Yuri Gagarin will always remain in our memory as the first cosmonaut. Cities, streets, and avenues are named after him. There is a crater on the Moon named after him, as well as a minor planet.

Cosmonauts are courageous people, they train a lot, they must know and be able to do a lot in order to control a spaceship.

The first spacewalk was made by Alexei Leonov in 1965. And the first female cosmonaut was Valentina Tereshkova, who flew into space in 1963. She withstood 48 revolutions around the Earth, spent almost three days in space, and took photographs that were used to study the aerosol layers of the atmosphere.

To fly into space, you need to study a lot and study well, be persistent, patient, and enduring.

Moon

Children always look at the Moon in the sky with interest. It is so different: sometimes it is sickle-shaped, sometimes it is large and round.

The child will be interested to know what is on the Moon. You can say that the Moon is covered with crater craters that arise due to collisions with asteroids. If you look at the Moon through binoculars, you can see the unevenness of its relief.

Stargazing with kids

With children you need to watch the starry sky. Take the time to go outside in the evening and admire the stars. Show your child some constellations, try to find the Big Dipper together. Tell us that ancient people peered into the night sky, mentally connected the stars, drew animals, people, objects, and mythological heroes. Find a star chart and show your child what the constellations look like, and then together find them in the sky. This develops observation and memory.

In general, it would be great to take your child to a planetarium if you have one in your city. The child will learn a lot of interesting things from the story about stars and planets.

We don’t have a planetarium in the city, you just need to go to another city.

The space theme contains a lot of ideas for drawings and crafts. You can draw, sculpt astronauts, aliens, the Moon. Come up with new names for stars and planets. In general, use your imagination, the theme of space is limitless and interesting for children.

Here are Yulina's drawings on a space theme.

Games on the theme "Space" for children

You can play games with children. I suggest some games that you can play.

Game "What will we take with us into space."

Lay out the drawings in front of the children and ask them to choose what they can take with them on the spaceship. These can be the following pictures: a book, a notebook, a spacesuit, an apple, a candy, a tube of semolina, an alarm clock, a sausage.

Game "Space Dictionary" will help children replenish their vocabulary with words related to the theme of space. You can play with several children and arrange a competition to see who can name the most words related to space. For example: satellite, rocket, alien, planets, Moon, Earth, astronaut, spacesuit, etc.

Game "Say the opposite".

Teach children to choose words with opposite meanings. Yulia and I played these games, she was pretty good at naming antonyms correctly.

Distant -…

cramped -…

big -…

get up -…

fly away -...

high -…

famous -…

include -…

dark -…

Tell your children about space, astronauts, learn the names of the planets, look at the starry sky. Let the child grow up curious, and what if he also later becomes a scientist or astronaut and you will be proud of him.

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Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the outside world in the middle group, topic: “Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten”

Goals:

Introduce children to the history of the Cosmonautics Day holiday.
Give initial information about the planets, the Sun, the Moon.
Dictionary: space, planets, spaceship, Yuri Gagarin.
Reinforce your knowledge of geometric shapes.
Improve visual skills.
Develop spatial imagination, fine and gross motor skills.
Cultivate curiosity.

Equipment:

Pictures depicting a portrait of Yu. Gagarin, dogs Belka and Strelka, constellations, the Moon.
Balloon.
A set of geometric shapes, a sample of a rocket made up of these shapes.
Sheets of paper with drawn aliens and rockets made from geometric shapes, pencils.
Drawings of constellations.
Cardboard with a cut circle, yellow and orange paint, sponges, drawing equipment.

Progress of the lesson:

Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and thought about how to rise above the clouds and find out what is there. It took a long, long time before people learned to build healing devices. And the first to fly into them were not people, but animals: rats, and then dogs. Take a look at this picture. (Show). On it you can see the first dogs. Who flew into space and came back. Their names are Belka and Strelka. And only after other dogs had successfully flown into space did the first man go there.
Many years ago, it was on this day that cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin flew into space. (Display of a portrait of Yuri Gagarin).

In a space rocket
With the name "East"
He is the first on the planet
I was able to rise to the stars.

Since then, on this day every year we celebrate Cosmonautics Day - a holiday of astronauts and everyone who helps them fly successfully into space.

Today you and I will play as astronauts: we’ll go on a flight in a spaceship, help aliens, and observe the constellations.

Yuri Gagarin flew into space on a rocket. Using the example of a ball, I will show you how a rocket flies.

The teacher inflates the balloon and closes the hole with his fingers. And then he unclenches his fingers and the ball shoots up sharply.

Our balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it. But the rocket contains not air, but fuel.

Now let's build our own rockets from geometric shapes.

Didactic game “Build a rocket”

Children are offered a sample and a set of geometric shapes. From which you need to build a rocket.

Dynamic pause “Cosmonauts land on planets”

Hoops of different sizes and sizes are laid out on the floor. Children are divided into two teams “East” and “Lightning” and perform the commands:
Crew members of the Vostok spacecraft, line up one behind the other.
Crew members of the spaceship "Molniya", stand in a circle.
The crew of the Vostok spacecraft landed on the large yellow planet.
The crew of the spaceship "Molniya" landed on two small blue planets.

Astronauts and scientists have found that there is no life on the planets that revolve around our Sun: some are too cold, others are too hot. Nobody lives on these planets.

Only our planet Earth
Suitable for habitation in every way.
After all, the Earth is a garden planet
In this cold space.
Only here the forests are noisy,
Calling migratory birds.
Take care of your planet -
After all, there is no other one like it!

Didactic game “Place aliens in spaceships”

Look at the sheet and answer me, children:
Who flies which rocket?

Over the Earth late at night,
Just extend your hand
You'll grab the stars:
They seem nearby.
You can take a Peacock feather,
Touch the hands on the Clock,
Ride the Dolphin
Swing on Libra.
Over the Earth late at night,
If you glance at the sky,
You will see, like grapes,
The constellations hang there.

Didactic game “Name the constellations”

Guys, astronomers - scientists who observe and study stars - have discovered new constellations in the sky and ask us to help come up with names for them.
Place your hands in a tube one behind the other, as if looking through a telescope, and look carefully at this constellation. What can you call it?

House
Bird
Umbrella
Flower

When we look at the sky at night, what do we see? (Show the picture. Children's answers). Stars and moon.
The Moon is a satellite of our planet Earth.

Only the sun goes to bed,
The moon can't sit still.
Walks across the sky at night,
Dimly illuminates the earth.

Now our rocket will go to the Moon. There we will draw a lunar portrait. But first, let's prepare our fingers.

Finger gymnastics

"Sun"
(Two palms connected crosswise to each other with fingers spread apart)

"Rocket"
(Palms connected with index, middle and ring fingers, lower parts of palms apart, wrists on the table)

"Lunokhod"
(Run your fingers over the surface of the table, avoiding all the irregularities, sideways, like a “spider”)

Sponge painting “Moon”

And we live with you on the planet... Earth.

We strive for miracles
But there is nothing more wonderful
How to fly and return
Under the roof of your house!

About everything in the world:

In 1930, the film “The Rogue Song,” about the kidnapping of a girl in the Caucasus Mountains, was released in America. Actors Stan Laurel, Lawrence Tibbett and Oliver Hardy played local crooks in this film. Surprisingly, these actors are very similar to the characters...

Section materials

Lessons for the younger group:

Classes for the middle group.

Project development:

Cognitive development: Conversation “The first attempts to conquer space?”, “From the history of the rocket,” lesson “Solar System,” “What do we know about space?”

Artistic and productive activity: Drawing classes: “The Mysterious World of Space”, applications “Cosmonaut”, “Rocket”, modeling according to the “Conquerors of Space” patterns, designing origami “Rocket” from paper.

Introduction to fiction: reading poems about space, solving riddles, mini quiz, N.A. Andreev “How man learned to fly”; G.T. Chernenko “How did a man fly into space?”, A. Leonov “I’m going into space”, quiz game “Guessing”.

Musical and rhythmic activity: listening to songs about space by the group “Fidgets”, A. Pakhmutova “You know, what kind of guy he was...”, learning the song “Our Starship”, author of music and lyrics Olesya Emelyanova.

Mathematical activities: Lesson "Travel to Space"

Physical activity: physical education sessions, space-themed relay races, physical education lesson “If you want to be healthy!”

Game activity: didactic game “Folding boxes”, “Make a rocket”, game “Flying”, game “Unknown Planet”, game exercise “Overload and weightlessness”, experiments: “Solar system”, “Meteorites and meteorite craters”

Working with parents: familiarizing parents with the history of the development of astronautics in Russia under the heading “It’s Interesting!”; creating, together with children, crafts, applications, drawings for the exhibition “Space Fantasies”, selecting the necessary children’s literature, illustrations, postcards, making a folding folder, wall newspapers on a given topic .

History of the development of astronautics

Cosmonautics as a science, and then as a practical branch, was formed in the middle of the 20th century. But this was preceded by a fascinating history of the birth and development of the idea of flying into space, which began with fantasy, and only then did the first theoretical works and experiments appear. Thus, initially in human dreams, flight into outer space was carried out with the help of fabulous means or forces of nature (tornadoes, hurricanes). Closer to the 20th century, technical means were already present in the descriptions of science fiction writers for these purposes - balloons, super-powerful guns and, finally, rocket engines and rockets themselves. More than one generation of young romantics grew up on the works of J. Verne, G. Wells, A. Tolstoy, A. Kazantsev, the basis of which was a description of space travel.

It must be said that the idea to connect the cosmic and terrestrial directions of human activity belongs to the founder of theoretical cosmonautics K.E. Tsiolkovsky.

In the USSR, the beginning of practical work on space programs is associated with the names of S.P. Koroleva and M.K. Tikhonravova. At the beginning of 1945 M.K. Tikhonravov organized a group of RNII specialists to develop a project for a manned high-altitude rocket vehicle (a cabin with two cosmonauts) to study the upper layers of the atmosphere. It was decided to create the project on the basis of a single-stage liquid rocket, designed for vertical flight to an altitude of up to 200 km.

Work began to prepare for the launch of the first satellite PS-1. The first Council of Chief Designers was created, headed by S.P. Korolev, who later managed the space program of the USSR, which became the world leader in space exploration.

Cosmonautics is unique in that much that was predicted first by science fiction writers and then by scientists has truly come true at cosmic speed. Only 56 years have passed since the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, October 4, 1957, and the history of astronautics already contains a series of remarkable achievements achieved initially by the USSR and the USA, and then by other space powers.

Already many thousands of satellites are flying in orbit around the Earth, the devices have reached the surface of the Moon, Venus, Mars; scientific equipment was sent to Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn to obtain knowledge about these distant planets of the solar system.

The triumph of astronautics was the launch of the first man into space on April 12, 1961 - Yu.A. Gagarin. Then - a group flight, manned spacewalk, the creation of the Salyut and Mir orbital stations... The USSR for a long time became the leading country in the world in manned programs.

Indicative is the trend of transition from the launch of single spacecraft to solve primarily military problems to the creation of large-scale space systems in the interests of solving a wide range of problems (including socio-economic and scientific) and to the integration of space industries of different countries.

The problems that arose during the preparation and implementation of space flights served as an impetus for the intensive development of such general scientific disciplines as celestial and theoretical mechanics. The widespread use of new mathematical methods and the creation of advanced computers made it possible to solve the most complex problems of designing spacecraft orbits and controlling them during flight, and as a result, a new scientific discipline arose - space flight dynamics.

Much work on the creation of launch vehicles based on ballistic missiles was carried out at the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, headed by M.K. Yangel. The reliability of these light-class launch vehicles has no analogues in the world astronautics. In the same design bureau under the leadership of V.F. Utkin created the Zenit medium-class launch vehicle - a representative of the second generation of launch vehicles.

Satellite communication systems are being created that cover almost all countries of the world and provide two-way operational communication with any subscribers. This type of communication has proven to be the most reliable and is becoming increasingly profitable. Relay systems make it possible to control space groups from one point on Earth. Satellite navigation systems have been created and are being operated. Without these systems, it is no longer conceivable today to use modern vehicles - merchant ships, civil aviation aircraft, military equipment, etc.

Qualitative changes have also occurred in the field of manned flights. The ability to successfully operate outside a spacecraft was first proven by Soviet cosmonauts in the 1960s-1970s, and in the 1980s-1990s. the ability of a person to live and work in conditions of weightlessness for a year was demonstrated. During the flights, a large number of experiments were also carried out - technical, geophysical and astronomical.

The most important are research in the field of space medicine and life support systems. It is necessary to deeply study man and life support systems in order to determine what can be entrusted to a person in space, especially during long-term space flight.

One of the first space experiments was to photograph the Earth, showing how much observation from space could provide for the discovery and wise use of natural resources.

In 1967, during the automatic docking of two unmanned artificial Earth satellites “Cosmos-186” and “Cosmos-188”, the largest scientific and technical problem of meeting and docking spacecraft in space was solved, which made it possible to create the first orbital station (USSR) in a relatively short time. and choose the most rational scheme for the flight of spacecraft to the Moon with the landing of earthlings on its surface (USA). In 1981, the first flight of the reusable space transport system "Space Shuttle" (USA) was made, and in 1991 the domestic system "Energia" - "Buran" was launched.

In general, solving various problems of space exploration - from launching artificial Earth satellites to launching interplanetary spacecraft and manned spacecraft and stations - has provided a lot of invaluable scientific information about the Universe and the planets of the Solar System and has significantly contributed to the technological progress of mankind. Earth satellites, together with sounding rockets, have made it possible to obtain detailed data about near-Earth space. Thus, with the help of the first artificial satellites, radiation belts were discovered; during their research, the interaction of the Earth with charged particles emitted by the Sun was further studied. Interplanetary space flights have helped us to better understand the nature of many planetary phenomena - solar wind, solar storms, meteor showers, etc.

Spacecraft launched to the Moon transmitted images of its surface, including photographing its side invisible from Earth with a resolution significantly superior to the capabilities of terrestrial means. Samples of lunar soil were taken, and automatic self-propelled vehicles Lunokhod-1 and Lunokhod-2 were delivered to the lunar surface.

Automatic spacecraft have made it possible to obtain additional information about the shape and gravitational field of the Earth, and to clarify the fine details of the shape of the Earth and its magnetic field. Artificial satellites have helped obtain more accurate data about the mass, shape and orbit of the Moon. The masses of Venus and Mars were also refined using observations of spacecraft flight trajectories.

The requirements of astronautics necessitated the design of complex automatic devices under severe restrictions caused by the carrying capacity of launch vehicles and space conditions, which was an additional incentive for the rapid improvement of automation and microelectronics.

The results obtained in the field of satellite geodesy are especially important for solving military problems, mapping natural resources, increasing the accuracy of trajectory measurements, and also for studying the Earth. With the use of space assets, a unique opportunity arises to solve the problems of environmental monitoring of the Earth and global control of natural resources. The results of space surveys turned out to be an effective means of monitoring the development of agricultural crops, identifying vegetation diseases, measuring some soil factors, the state of the aquatic environment, etc. A combination of various satellite imaging methods provides virtually reliable, complete and detailed information about natural resources and the state of the environment.

In addition to the already defined directions, new directions for the use of space technology will obviously develop, for example, the organization of technological production that is impossible under terrestrial conditions. Thus, weightlessness can be used to obtain crystals of semiconductor compounds. Such crystals will find application in the electronics industry to create a new class of semiconductor devices. In conditions of weightlessness, freely floating liquid metal and other materials are easily deformed by weak magnetic fields. This opens the way to obtaining ingots of any predetermined shape without crystallizing them in molds, as is done on Earth. The peculiarity of such ingots is the almost complete absence of internal stresses and high purity.

The possibility of implementing such plans is inextricably linked with solving the problems of creating new engines for flights in outer space that do not require significant reserves of fuel, for example, ion, photon, and also using natural forces - gravity, torsion fields, etc.

The creation of new unique samples of rocket and space technology, as well as methods of space research, conducting space experiments on automatic and manned ships and stations in near-Earth space, as well as in the orbits of the planets of the Solar System, is fertile ground for combining the efforts of scientists and designers from different countries.

At the beginning of the 21st century, tens of thousands of objects of artificial origin are in space flight. These include spacecraft and fragments (last stages of launch vehicles, fairings, adapters and separable parts).

Therefore, along with the urgent problem of combating pollution of our planet, the issue of combating the pollution of near-Earth space will arise. Already at the present time, one of the problems is the distribution of the frequency resource of the geostationary orbit due to its saturation with spacecraft for various purposes.

The undoubted success of the world cosmonautics was the implementation of the ASTP program, the final stage of which - the launch and docking in orbit of the Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft - was carried out in July 1975. This flight marked the beginning of international programs that successfully developed in the last quarter of the 20th century. century and the undoubted success of which was the production, launch and assembly in orbit of the International Space Station.

The most important stages of space exploration

In 1957, under the leadership of Korolev, the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 was created, which in the same year was used to launch the world's first artificial Earth satellite.

On October 4, 1957, the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik-1 (USSR), was launched.

On November 3, 1957, the second artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik 2, was launched, which for the first time launched a living creature into space - the dog Laika (USSR).

On January 4, 1959, the Luna-1 station passed at a distance of 6,000 kilometers from the surface of the Moon and entered a heliocentric orbit. It became the world's first artificial satellite of the Sun (USSR).

On September 14, 1959, the Luna-2 station for the first time in the world reached the surface of the Moon in the region of the Mare Serenity near the craters Aristides, Archimedes and Autolycus, delivering a pennant with the coat of arms of the USSR (USSR).

On October 4, 1959, the Luna-3 spacecraft was launched, which for the first time in the world photographed the side of the Moon invisible from Earth. Also during the flight, for the first time in the world, a gravity maneuver was carried out in practice (USSR).

On August 19, 1960, the first ever orbital flight into space of living beings was made with a successful return to Earth. The dogs Belka and Strelka (USSR) made an orbital flight on the Sputnik 5 spacecraft.

On April 12, 1961, the first manned flight into space (Yu. Gagarin) was made on the Vostok-1 spacecraft (USSR).

On August 12, 1962, the world's first group space flight was carried out on the Vostok-3 and Vostok-4 spacecraft. The maximum approach of the ships was about 6.5 km (USSR).

On June 16, 1963, the world's first flight into space by a female cosmonaut (Valentina Tereshkova) was made on the Vostok-6 spacecraft (USSR).

On October 12, 1964, the world's first multi-seat spacecraft, Voskhod-1 (USSR), flew.

On March 18, 1965, the first human spacewalk in history took place. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov performed a spacewalk from the Voskhod-2 spacecraft (USSR).

On February 3, 1966, the Luna-9 spacecraft made the world's first soft landing on the surface of the Moon, and panoramic images of the Moon were transmitted (USSR).

On March 1, 1966, the Venera 3 station reached the surface of Venus for the first time, delivering the USSR pennant. This was the world's first flight of a spacecraft from Earth to another planet (USSR).

On April 3, 1966, the Luna-10 station became the first artificial satellite of the Moon (USSR).

On October 30, 1967, the first docking of two unmanned spacecraft “Cosmos-186” and “Cosmos-188” (USSR) was made.

On September 15, 1968, the first return of the spacecraft (Zond-5) to Earth after orbiting the Moon. There were living creatures on board: turtles, fruit flies, worms, plants, seeds, bacteria. (THE USSR).

On January 16, 1969, the first docking of two manned spacecraft Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 took place. (THE USSR).

July 21, 1969 - the first landing of a man on the Moon (N. Armstrong) as part of the lunar expedition of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which delivered to Earth, including the first samples of lunar soil. (USA).

On September 24, 1970, the Luna-16 station collected and subsequently delivered to Earth (by the Luna-16 station) samples of lunar soil. (THE USSR). It is also the first unmanned spacecraft to deliver rock samples to Earth from another cosmic body (that is, in this case, from the Moon).

November 17, 1970 - soft landing and start of operation of the world's first semi-automatic remotely controlled self-propelled vehicle controlled from the Earth: Lunokhod-1. (THE USSR).

December 15, 1970 - the world's first soft landing on the surface of Venus: Venera 7. (THE USSR).

On November 13, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first artificial satellite of Mars. (USA).

On November 27, 1971, the Mars 2 station reached the surface of Mars for the first time. (THE USSR).

March 3, 1972 - launch of the first device that subsequently left the solar system: Pioneer 10. (USA).

On October 20, 1975, the Venera 9 station became the first artificial satellite of Venus. (THE USSR).

October 1975 - soft landing of two spacecraft "Venera-9" and "Venera-10" and the world's first photographs of the surface of Venus. (THE USSR).

April 12, 1981 - the first flight of the first reusable transport spacecraft Columbia. (USA).

On December 7, 1995, the Galileo station became the first artificial satellite of Jupiter. (USA).

November 20, 1998 - launch of the first block of the International Space Station. Production and launch (Russia). Owner (USA).

On June 24, 2000, the NEAR Shoemaker station became the first artificial satellite of the asteroid (433 Eros). (USA).

On June 30, 2004, the Cassini station became the first artificial satellite of Saturn. (USA).

On January 15, 2006, the Stardust station delivered samples of comet Wild 2 (USA) to earth.

Conversation “First attempts to conquer space”

Target: Explain to children in an accessible form the stages of man’s conquest of the Earth’s airspace and space.

Progress of the conversation:

The mysterious world of stars and planets has attracted the attention of people since ancient times. But it became closer and more accessible only with the penetration of man into outer space.

In 1961, the heroic cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was the first to fly into space. People have long dreamed of exploring outer space. They thought for a long time about building a spaceship to fly above the stars. People dreamed of knowing the sky, and not just setting altitude records. We needed eyes that could see across thousands of kilometers, we needed ears that could hear in the Universe, we needed hands that could control a point - a ship, lost in the infinity of world space.

The eyes were created by “locator specialists”.

Ears are “radio constructors”.

Hands are “automation specialists.”

One of the first to think about flying into space was the Russian scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky.

The fate and life of Tsiolkovsky are unusual and interesting.

The first half of Kostya Tsiolkovsky’s childhood was ordinary, like all children. Already in old age, Konstantin Eduardovich recalled how he liked to climb trees, climb onto the roofs of houses, jump from great heights to experience the feeling of free fall. My second childhood began when, having contracted scarlet fever, I almost completely lost my hearing. Deafness caused the boy not only everyday inconvenience and moral suffering. She threatened to slow down his physical and mental development.

Kostya suffered another grief: his mother died. The family was left with a father, a younger brother and an illiterate aunt. The boy was left to his own devices.

Deprived of many joys and impressions due to illness, Kostya reads a lot, constantly comprehending what he read. He invents something that was invented a long time ago. But he invents himself. For example, a lathe. In the courtyard of the house, the windmills he built spin in the wind, and self-propelled sailing carts run against the wind.

He dreams of space travel. He voraciously reads books on physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. Realizing that his capable but deaf son will not be accepted into any educational institution, his father decides to send sixteen-year-old Kostya to Moscow for self-education. Kostya rents a corner in Moscow and sits in free libraries from morning to evening. His father sends him 15 - 20 rubles a month, but Kostya, eating black bread and drinking tea, spends 90 kopecks a month on food! With the rest of the money he buys retorts, books, and reagents. The following years were also difficult. He suffered a lot from bureaucratic indifference to his works and projects. I was sick and discouraged, but I got myself together again, made calculations, and wrote books.

Now we already know that Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky is the pride of Russia, one of the fathers of astronautics, a great scientist. And with surprise, many of us learn that the great scientist did not go to school, did not have any scientific degrees, in recent years he lived in Kaluga in an ordinary wooden house and no longer heard anything, but throughout the world the one who first drew for humanity's path to other worlds and stars.

October 4, 1957 became a significant date. On this day the first artificial Earth satellite was launched. The space age has begun. The first satellite of the Earth was a shiny ball made of aluminum alloys and was small - with a diameter of 58 cm and a weight of 83.6 kg. The device had a two-meter mustache antenna, and two radio transmitters were placed inside. In an hour and a half, the satellite circled the entire globe, and during the 24-hour flight it completed 15 revolutions. Nowadays there are many satellites in earth's orbit. Some are used for television and radio communications, others are scientific laboratories.

Scientists were faced with the task of putting a living creature into orbit.

And dogs paved the way to space for humans. Animal testing began in 1949. The first “cosmonauts” were recruited in the gateways - the first squad of dogs. A total of 32 dogs were captured.

They decided to take dogs as test subjects because scientists knew how they behave and understood the structural features of the body. In addition, dogs are not capricious and are easy to train. And the mongrels were chosen because the doctors believed that from the first day they were forced to fight for survival, moreover, they were unpretentious and very quickly got used to the staff. The dogs had to meet specified standards: no heavier than 6 kilograms and no higher than 35 cm in height. Remembering that the dogs would have to “show off” on the pages of newspapers, they selected “objects” that were more beautiful, slimmer and with smart faces. They were trained on a vibration stand, a centrifuge, and a pressure chamber: For space travel, a hermetic cabin was made, which was attached to the nose of the rocket.

The first dog race took place on July 22, 1951 - the mongrels Dezik and Gypsy successfully completed it! Gypsy and Desik rose to 110 km, then the cabin with them freely fell to a height of 7 km. At this mark the parachute opened, and both “cosmonauts” landed safely. On that day, the fate of the manned astronaut was decided - living beings can fly on rockets! The second launch ended in failure: during the second test, Desik and his partner Lisa died - the parachute did not open. Over the entire period of experiments - until the spring of 1961 - 29 rockets with animals were launched. In this case, 10 dogs died. The dogs died from depressurization of the cabin, failure of the parachute system, and problems in the life support system.

But there were also funny cases. One evening, on the eve of the flight, the laboratory assistant took the mongrels who were supposed to fly for a walk. One of the dogs, Brave, has already been in space. As soon as the laboratory assistant unfastened the leash, Smely ran away - apparently, he felt that he was about to fly again. No matter how they lured him, he did not go back. And then, instead of Smely, they sent a mongrel of suitable size into the flight, washed him, trimmed the fur in the places where sensors needed to be applied, and dressed him in overalls. The launch went well, the animals returned alive and healthy.

Since 1952, they began to practice animal flights in spacesuits.

At the beginning of 1956, a new task was set: to prepare a 30-day flight for two dogs. There were many problems: creating a new pressurized cabin, developing an air regeneration system, coming up with a nutritional mixture and an automatic device for regular feeding of four-legged astronauts, developing a “space toilet” for dogs. A special automatic conveyor was created for feeding. Once a day, from under the tray in which the dog lay, a new box filled with a dough-like mixture was pulled out on a belt - this was both food and drink.

Belka and Strelka were already real cosmonauts. What were the astronauts trained for?

The dogs passed all types of tests. They can remain in the cabin for quite a long time without moving, and can endure large overloads and vibrations. Animals are not afraid of rumors, they know how to sit in their experimental equipment, making it possible to record the biocurrents of the heart, muscles, brain, blood pressure, breathing patterns, etc.

Footage of the flight of Belka and Strelka was shown on television. It was clearly visible how they tumbled in weightlessness. And, if Strelka was wary of everything, Belka was joyfully furious and even barked.

Belka and Strelka became everyone's favorites. They were taken to kindergartens, schools, and orphanages. Journalists were given the opportunity to pet the dogs, but were warned not to accidentally nip them.

In memory of the deceased Laika, a granite column was erected in front of the Paris Society for the Protection of Dogs in honor of all the animals who gave their lives in the name of science. Its top was crowned by a skyward satellite, from which Laika looked out.

Conversation “From the history of the rocket”

Target: introduce children to the history of the development of aviation and space rockets.

The dream of humanity to gain wings is lost in the depths of centuries. How long did it take for this great dream to become a reality? We are witnessing the rapid development of aviation. Unfortunately, man is not destined to become like a bird. Man began to fly only nearly a century ago, but he managed to take to the air much earlier.

Hanging in the air is not flying. The first flights were made on balloons, filled with smoke from fires. In principle, any gas that is lighter than the surrounding air can be inside the ball. Balloons - aerostats - are adapted for travel, cargo transportation, and scientific research. Over time, the idea was born to make the frame of this vehicle rigid - this is how airship. Engines began to be installed on this type of device, which made it possible to move vast distances.

Real aircraft, that is, controlled vehicles heavier than air, equipped with an engine, capable of changing altitude and flying horizontally, appeared only at the turn of the last two centuries. The first airplanes were propelled by a propeller.

But to achieve high speeds and altitudes, other engines are needed. If you burn fuel in a chamber and release the combustion products - gases - in one direction, perhaps this will make the plane move. And in 1910, an aircraft of a new design was taken into the air in Paris. This was the beginning of the creation jet plane.

It was the jet engine that made it possible for the first time to exceed the speed of sound and rise to a height of 20 kilometers. New engines increased the power and carrying capacity of flying machines so much that it became possible to transport 200-300 passengers thousands of kilometers and deliver hundreds of tons of cargo to various parts of the globe. The jet aircraft has become the fastest modern mode of transport.

Man has always strived to escape the boundaries of earthly gravity, but for many years only poets and science fiction writers dreamed of this. The use of missiles. They themselves have been known for a long time; historical sources note their use several centuries ago in China and India. But these were small devices, and hardly anyone saw in them the possibility of transatmospheric travel. Astronautics began to find its feet when the first scientific calculations appeared. They proved the feasibility of flight in orbit around the Earth and even far beyond it using jet technology, but its creation required innovative design and engineering solutions. Work on space devices was carried out in an atmosphere of deep secrecy. And an amazingly short time passed from the beginning of the construction of the first, still largely imperfect, often exploding rockets before man managed to escape into space, that is, to reach a speed of about 8 kilometers per second! All this became possible thanks to the jet engine invented by aviation.

Lesson on cognitive development “Solar system”. The script was published in No. 14 of the Teacher's Newspaper on April 2, 2013.

Cognitive development lesson “What do we know about space?”

Program content:

Reinforce in children the concepts of “space”, “outer space”. Talk about how people used to imagine our planet – Earth. To consolidate children's knowledge about the structure of the solar system and cosmic phenomena. Reinforce the concepts of “stars”, “planets”, “comets”, “satellites”. Strengthen children's ability to tell stories using cards - supports using the technology of a collective method of learning. Develop creative storytelling skills. Continue teaching children to answer questions in complete sentences. To instill in children respect for the work of people whose work is related to space exploration.

Equipment: support cards, illustrations of the planets of the solar system, pointer, stand, encryption, pencils, flour, tray, educational games “Folding boxes”, “Collect a constellation”.

Progress of the lesson

Guys, do you know what city we live in? Where is the city of Galich located, in what country?

The country of Russia is one of many countries on our planet Earth. Do you know how in ancient times people imagined our planet Earth?

Children's answers.

In ancient times, people believed that the Earth was huge and flat, like a plate, and that it was possible to reach the edge of the Earth. There were even daredevils who dreamed of getting to this edge and seeing what was there at the edge of the Earth and whether it was possible to fall from it. They set off on foot or on horseback or by ship. Those people who traveled on foot or on horseback sooner or later reached the big water and believed that this was the end of the Earth, and their journey ended. But there were also those who, having reached the shore, boarded a ship and continued their journey; they were convinced that when you set off from some place and always move in the same direction, you return to where you started your journey. Then they realized that the Earth is not flat like a pancake, it is round like a ball.

See what our planet looks like in outer space.

Guys, I suggest you fold our planet - Earth.

Didactic game “Folds”. The colorful image of the Earth is cut into fragments in different ways. Children form groups and post a picture. Each group of children is given a picture of different hemispheres to put together.

Scientists have found that our planet is not alone in the solar system. What other planets do you know?

Children list.

Are there any other objects in outer space besides the planets of the solar system?

Comets, meteorites, asteroids, stars, satellites, rockets, constellations.

Are stars in outer space located separately or forming some kind of groups? What are their names?

Constellations.

What constellations do you know?

Children's answers.

Each of you was born under some constellation.

Children name what constellation they were born under.

I suggest you play the game “Collect a constellation”.

Children use small stars to create their own constellation.

But people have not yet reached the stars, but they have already studied the planets. As you have already said, the surface of the planets consists of craters. Want to see how they are formed?

Experience “Meteorites and meteorite craters”

The meteorite is heavy, and the surface of the planet is soft, covered with a thick layer of dust, so a crater was formed.

And now I invite you to sit down at the tables. Now you will tell each other about what you know about space and cosmic phenomena. Let's remember the rules for working in pairs:

Place the card in the middle of the table.

Agree on who will start first.

Sit half-turned.

If you want to say or ask your interlocutor something, you need to touch his hand.

At the end of the story, thank your interlocutor for an interesting story.

Mathematics lesson “Journey into space”.

Software content:

Reinforce knowledge of the composition of number 5 from two smaller numbers;

Consolidate knowledge about geometric shapes, practice identifying them by touch;

Practice counting forward and backward within 10;

Reinforce the concepts: “previous”, “next”, “neighbors” of the named number;

Practice the ability to distinguish and name numbers in order;

Practice comparing two groups of objects;

Develop attention, logical thinking, memory, general and fine motor skills, independence.

Material:“rocket” stencil; geometric shapes: squares, rectangles, circles, triangles; cards depicting objects, a picture depicting orbits, satellites; a cube with numbers on the sides; cards with “+” and “-” signs, asterisks - handouts; path with the image of geometric shapes; "flying saucers"; chest with a combination lock; painting “The Universe”; stars.

Progress of the lesson

1. Organizational moment

Guys, do you like to travel? Why do you love to travel? Now I propose to go on a space journey. What can you use to fly into space?

On the easel there is a “rocket” stencil.

But the rocket is not ready to fly. We must assemble it from geometric shapes. The teacher distributes geometric shapes.

With your eyes closed, determine what geometric figure you have in your hands and name it. Stand in order according to the number on your geometric figure.

Assemble a rocket from geometric shapes, starting with number 1.

The rocket is ready to fly. All that remains is to give the command. Count backwards from 10. Start!

2. Planet “Digital”

Guys, look, we have arrived on an unusual planet. This is the Digital Planet. Satellites fly around this planet. Each satellite has its own serial number.

Place satellites into orbit according to their serial number.

To fly to the next planet, answer the following questions:

Name the neighbors of the number 5. Name the number following the number 3. Name the number preceding the number 2. Name the fifth day of the week. Name four days in a row without using the names of the days of the week or numbers.

3. Here is the planet of “Mathematical Signs”

What are these signs called? Count the objects shown on the card. Choose the sign you need and place it between the objects. Why did you choose the “+” sign? Why did you choose the “-” sign?

4. Physical education minute. Walking along a “magnetic path.”

To go to another planet, we must follow a “magnetic path”

(Children imitate walking on a “magnetic track”, having difficulty lifting their feet off the floor).

5. Planet “Game”

The teacher shows the number on the edge of the cube.

Clap your hands as many times as you need to 5. Do as many jumps as you need to 4. Do as many squats as you need to 3.

6. Working with handouts

Here is the "Star" planet. This is where real magic happens. Multi-colored stars light up differently each time. Count how many stars are on your card. Add enough stars to make 5. How did you get the number 5?

7. Finger gymnastics

Fingers fell asleep, curled into a fist

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, wanted to play

We woke up the neighbors' house, 6 and 7 woke up there

8, 9, 10 - Everyone is having fun.

But it's time to go back everyone: 10, 9, 8, 7

6 curled up,

5 yawned and turned away,

4, 3, 2, 1

We sleep in the houses again.

8. Game "Flying Saucers"

Look how unusual the “flying saucers” are. Shade two circles so that the sum of the numbers in them equals the number 5. What numbers does the number 5 consist of?

9. Game "Figure track"

We will get to the next planet when we walk along the path, stepping only on the pentagons.

10. Planet “Surprise”

Look at the chest, but at the non-coded lock. Match the correct card to the lock to open the chest.

The chest opens. Children are given stars to remember the flight.

11. Game “Correct the artist’s mistakes”

What mistakes did the artist make when depicting the Universe in the picture? Where can we see birds, insects, trees? So it’s time for us to return to planet Earth.

Prepare the rocket for flight. We give the command to launch. Start!

Classes on artistic and productive activities.

Drawing lesson: "The mysterious world of space"

Software tasks: To clarify children's knowledge about space: the planets of the solar system, modern aircraft, the first astronauts.

Continue to teach how to create a multi-faceted plot composition, first draw with a simple pencil and then paint with paints, highlight the main thing with size and color. Develop children's imagination and creativity. Develop fine motor skills.

Activate children's vocabulary: astronauts, spaceship,

Equipment: illustrations about space, simple pencil, watercolor paints.

Musical series: musical composition "Space".

Progress of the lesson:

Cosmic music sounds in the studio. The teacher suggests listening to a musical composition and imagining what a long journey this music invites us on (space travel).

Why do you think so?

The music is mysterious, mysterious, unusual, just like space.

Teacher's story: In ancient times, when our ancestors still lived in caves, they looked at the sky every night and were surprised: countless points sparkled above their heads in the bottomless heights. They disappeared by morning only to appear the next night. And where the huge disk of the Sun sparkled during the day, at night, dispersing the darkness, the Moon shone, which periodically changed its shape. Our ancestors did not understand and could not explain why this was happening. But millennia have passed and people have found answers to many questions.

Let us now remember everything that we know about space.

Questions for children: What is space? What is in outer space? Why is Earth the most unusual planet? How did you start exploring space? Who was the first astronaut? Which aircraft was used to explore the surface of the Moon? Where do spaceships launch from? How are astronauts dressed?

Teacher: So we have traveled a little, and now I invite you to sketch your journey. The topic of drawing is the same for everyone: “The mysterious world of space.”

The children begin to do the work.

At the end of the work, the children arrange an exhibition and talk about their travels.

Physical education lesson “If you want to be healthy!”

Program tasks: consolidate exercises related to communicative actions and movements; promote the development of children's motor abilities. Promote the activation of speech and cognitive activity (about space, sports games). Using modeling to explain surrounding processes and natural phenomena.

Equipment: sports equipment: hoops, bench, headbands with antenna, beam; markers, sheets of paper.

Progress of the lesson

Cosmic music sounds.

Attention! Attention! People of the Earth, we, the inhabitants of the planet “Healthy”, turn to you for help. An evil sorcerer has brought fear, despondency, laziness and sadness to our planet. We stopped smiling and being healthy. We want to bring laughter, joy and happiness back to our planet. If you can hear us, show us how to act to be like you. Your signal will pass through Rainbow Bay, the Sea of Plenty, the Road of Tranquility, and the Pass of Dreams.

Guys, they also sent this signal ( show symbol) - "request". Do you think you can help the inhabitants of the planet? What helps a person in life to remain cheerful, strong, beautiful? (Use questions to lead the children into a conversation about space.)

We are people of planet Earth, we have everything necessary for life (availability of air and water, sunlight and heat), we play sports. Can we fly to another planet? (no, we don't have spacesuits). Who else has been in space besides people? (dogs Belka and Strelka, mice, rats, rabbits and even chimpanzees).

Cosmonauts are brave, knowledgeable people who can do everything. You are still just learning to be like this. Now you will show what you can do. If we received a signal, it means that another planet can also receive a signal from Earth.

Find your heart, press both hands to your chest, listen to how it beats. This is how your mother's heart beats (knock-knock). Imagine that in your chest instead of a heart there is a piece of gentle sunshine. Bright light spreads over the body and legs. There is so much of it that it no longer fits in you. Let's send some light and warmth to this planet, and maybe they will start smiling. (Arms brought forward, hands vertical).

1. Introductory part: we will hit the road early, let’s not forget about posture.

Walking on toes, squatting, “arrows”, “bun rolls along the path” (additional step with clapping overhead).

You decided to become healthy

So, do...( mode).

Both in frost and in heat,

Play in the street … ( I love).

Ball, jump rope and rocket,

Skis, sleds and skates,

Best friends …( my).

Let them fly into the room

White snowflakes are coming to us,

We're not cold at all

That's why we run.

“Clown Run” (funny clown). Children run, holding their ears with their hands; releasing your fingers to your head, put on “horns”; grab the nose alternately with the right and left hand.

Step march!

2. General developmental exercises: “We are strong, we are friendly.”

"We're getting higher"

I.p. stand with your back to each other, hold hands,

1-3 stand on your toes, arms out to your sides,

4-p. 6-8 times.

“Together we draw the sun”

I.p. standing facing each other, legs wide apart, hold hands.

1-4 tilts of clasped hands to the right side,

5-8 to the left.

9-item 6-8 times.

"Smile"

I.p. standing, hands on the belt, backs to each other.

1-3 half squat with a half turn to the right (left), look into each other’s eyes with a smile.

4 pp.

"We're dancing merrily"

I.p. standing shoulder to shoulder, one hand on the waist, feet together.

Right (left) foot on the toe, forward.

To the side,

Back, i.p.

"Horses"

I.p. standing facing each other, place your hands on your partner’s shoulders.

1-3 bend the right (left) leg at the knee

4 pp.

"Let's have fun from the heart"

Jumping alternating with walking.

Jumping, hands to shoulders,

Hands behind your back are “dummy”.

Forming a column, walking around the hall.

They are going to open a school for young cosmonauts, isn’t it time for you guys to enroll in this school?

3. Children are divided into two teams. The following tasks are performed:

Put on the headband with the “antenna”;

Crawling on a bench: boys on their stomachs, girls on all fours;

-- “put on” a hoop;

Jumping over a log, shifting your legs.

4. There are many types of sports,

You can’t even count them all,

Let's play now

Types of sports, name them.

Game in a circle with a ball “Hot Potato” (called a sports game, the ball is thrown to the driver).

Running in ranks from different starting positions.

Attention game "Four Elements".

Guys, can you depict with symbols what lifts our spirits and makes us healthy?

Children are asked to complete this task using markers on sheets of paper.

Forming in a column, walking around the hall.

Sports, guys, are very necessary!

We are strong friends with sports!

Sport is a helper!

Sport is a game!

Physical training!

Physical education lessons, finger games, space quizzes

Warm-up "Preparing for flight"

The suit check begins. Does the helmet fit comfortably on your head? (Turns, head tilts to the right, left, forward, backward, circular rotations of the head.) An astronaut can move through space using a device placed in a backpack on his back. We check how tightly the backpack is held behind your back. (Circular movements, raising and lowering the shoulders.) Are the numerous zippers and buckles fastened well? (Turns and tilts of the body to the right, left, forward, backward, circular movements of the body, bends towards the feet.) Do the gloves fit snugly on your hands? (Rotational movements with the hands extended forward at chest level, alternating and simultaneous swings of the hands, raising the hands up in front of oneself with alternate flexion and extension of the hands, lowering them down through the sides, also alternately bending and straightening the hands.) How does the radio work? Doesn't it act up? (Half squats, jumping on two legs in place.) Are your boots too tight? (Walking in a circle on toes, heels, outer and inner feet, toe-off, side gallop to the right, left, single file step.) Is the spacesuit’s “heating system” okay? Is it easy to breathe in it? (Inhale - arms up, exhale - arms down).

Space physical education session

Musical accompaniment: music by the band Space

The sun is shining in the clear sky,

An astronaut flies in a rocket.

(Stretch - arms up).

And below are forests and fields -

(Bend over).

The ground is spreading.

(Spread your arms to the sides).

Then the child depicts how they walk on the Moon, i.e. feet shoulder-width apart and slowly jumps to the side.

The Legend of the Milky Way.

A long time ago, at the edge of the world off the coast of the Atlantic, the Selutres lived. They were beautiful, tall people and very kind. The Selutres studied the starry sky, compiled a calendar and built megaliths (structures made of large stones).

The Selutras never fought, they did not know what war was. Their life flowed peacefully and calmly.

But one day a proud eagle brought bad news that a warlike tribe was moving against the Selutres.” These people are armed,” said the eagle. But it must be said that the Selutres understood the language of birds.

The Selutres had no choice but to pack up their things and go to the mountains or move to the island.

They left their native lands, leaving behind megaliths and enormous knowledge encrypted in symbols and drawings.

The Selutras left, and a warlike tribe settled on their lands. The number of the tribe grew rapidly, and soon these people became crowded in the land of the Selutres. Then the warriors gathered and decided to drive out the kind and peaceful people even from the mountains and islands.

...The warriors surrounded the mountain and climbed to the last village of the Selutres.

Imagine the surprise of the soldiers when they saw the empty village; there was not a single person there.

Where could these tall, kind people go? Down? Impossible, they would have been noticed. Maybe the Selutres rose even higher? The warriors climbed to the very top of the mountain, but there was no one there either. Where did the Selutres go? Where can you climb from the top of the mountain? Only to the sky... The warriors looked up, and from end to end of the sky they saw a shining road of sand, pearls and tears. The Selutres were residents of the coast, so when they went to the mountains, they took sand and pearls with them. Now, going into infinity, they dropped sand, pearls... and tears.

Finger gymnastics

We put our palms together to make a rocket.

Blow harder on the rocket so that it takes off.

Here's a rocket flying to the left - the stars are shining brightly there,

The eyes are also not lazy - they see off the rocket on its way.

There is a month ahead, we are going there.

There are eyes following the rocket, it’s not difficult for us, nonsense.

On the right we see a rocket, our friends are flying in it.

We fly after them. And back to kindergarten

Astronauts, come out, stretch your arms and legs.

One - they stood up and stretched, two - they bent down and straightened up.

Three claps above the top of the head, and then two jumps.

Inhale and exhale, inhale and exhale - breathe deeply,

They sat down quietly and easily.

Finger gymnastics "Lunokhod"

Look, lunar rover

It's easy to walk on the moon.

He walks very importantly

A brave hero sits inside him.

Children place the fingertips of both hands on the table, transfer part of the weight to their hands, and then, as it were, walk in turn with their right and left hands. Repeat the quatrain several times.

Our starship(song about space)

1. Here our spaceship is flying forward

Towards the stars.

Goodbye home!

Let his tail wag at us

Comet and then

Chorus:

We are through the deepest space

We, before it's too late,

We want to see everything in space!

2.Yes! Let's fly wherever we set our feet

It's not easy to set foot!

We will open everything, we will remove all barriers,

Let's save everyone from monsters

Chorus:

3. Everyone there is happy to see us! Space

Invites us to visit!

Thousands of planets tell us: “Hello!

Stay here! But no -

Chorus:

(Sheet music for the song in the attached file)

Games and experiments on space themes

Game "Unknown Planet".

Guys, let's fly with you on the Spaceship. Let's fly, Let's fly!

We've arrived! They turned off all their engines!

Here we are on the first planet. No one has ever been on this planet before us. Not once has a human foot stepped on it. Let's come up with a name for it. (Children come up with a name for the planet). Martians live here. But you need to learn to talk to Martians. They do not understand either Russian or English. But since we flew to visit them, we should learn to greet them.

I will ask 5 people to come to me. (They go out to the middle of the hall). Guys, you should greet each other with gestures, but these gestures should not be repeated. And so they began! (Children greet each other with gestures). Well done! Flying to the next planet? (Children agree).

Game "Flying"

If I say a word that flies, you raise your hands. What doesn't fly, you don't raise your hands. But be very careful, because I will confuse you.

Is the plane flying? ...Flies.

Does the table fly? ... Doesn't fly.

Does the goat fly? ... Doesn't fly.

Does the eagle fly? ...Flies.

Does the machine gun fly? ... Doesn't fly.

Does the helicopter fly? ...Flies.

Is the swallow flying? ...Flies.

Does the rocket fly? ...Flies.

Does a sparrow fly? ...Flies.

Does the chicken fly? ... Doesn't fly, etc.

Game "Collect the constellation"

Children use small stars to create their own constellation.

Game exercise “Overload and weightlessness” to the music of "Space" (music of an excited, restless nature sounds)

Educator: What are your arms and legs like?

Children: Heavy.

Educator: And the head?

Children: Heavy.

Educator: It's an overload.

(The music changes to calm).

Educator: And now it becomes easier for you, easier. How are you feeling?

Children: Easily.

Educator: This is weightlessness.

Children:

We soar in the air like swallows.

We fly from compartment to compartment.

Look out the window, friend,

Miracles are all around!

Didactic game "Folds".

Offer to fold our planet - Earth. The colorful image of the Earth is cut into fragments in different ways. Children form groups and post a picture. Each group of children is offered to fold a picture with cuts of varying degrees of complexity, depending on the individual characteristics of the children and the different hemispheres of the Earth.

Game "Meteor Shower"

The teacher turns on the music. Children randomly walk around the “Moon”, “studying” it. The music stops, the children run to their places - to the ships - and wait for the meteor shower to end. The teacher turns on the music again and the game resumes.

Solar System Experience

Let's conduct an experiment, imagine that the yellow stick is the Sun, and 9 balls on strings are the planets. We rotate the stick, all the planets fly in a circle, if you stop it, then the planets will stop. What helps the Sun hold up the entire solar system?..

The sun is helped by perpetual motion.

That's right, if the Sun doesn't move, the whole system will fall apart, and this eternal motion won't work.

Experience: “Meteorites and meteorite craters”

Imagine that the flour is the surface of the planet, and the ball is a meteorite. A meteorite flies through space at great speed and hits the surface of the planet. Look at what has formed on the surface of the planet - depressions, holes, craters. Guys, why did the crater form? (The meteorite is heavy, and the surface of the planet is soft, covered with a thick layer of dust, so the crater was formed).

Project presentation

Holiday activity “Children reach for the stars”

Children from the senior group of the kindergarten take part in the celebration.

Goals: development of cognitive activity, creation of opportunities for self-realization of children.

Tasks:

Introduce children to Cosmonautics Day and the pioneers who conquered airspace;

To reinforce the concept of “space” in children;

Expand children's knowledge about the structure of the solar system;

Develop communication skills through group work;

Promote the development of children's motor abilities;

Promote the activation of speech and cognitive activity;

Develop expressive reading and artistic skills in children;

To instill in children respect for the work of people whose work is related to space exploration, a sense of patriotism, pride in the country that was the first to overcome the force of gravity;

Bring joy to children, lift their spirits;

Equipment: exhibition of books about “space”, photographs, postcards, posters, exhibition of creative works of children and parents “Space Fantasies”, portraits of Yu.A. Gagarin, V.V. Tereshkova, A.A. Leonov, illustration - outer space, images of planets Solar system, magnetic board, didactic game “Folds”, balls, hoops, cones, tables, juice boxes, cardboard rockets, recorded words by Yu.A. Gagarin, song by A. Pakhmutova “You know what kind of guy he was...”, song “Earth in the Porthole”, music by the group “Space”.

Preliminary work: learning poems about space with children, skits, making crafts and drawing pictures at home, with their parents.

Hod holiday

Children walk into the hall to the music and sit on chairs.

HOST: Hello guys! You probably already know that every year on April 12, our country and the whole world celebrates Cosmonautics Day. Do you want to know why April 12 and not some other day? The fact is that it was on April 12, 1961 that our cosmonaut made the world's first space flight. Do you know who was the first person to go into space?

Children's answers.

HOST: And Yegor can also tell us about this.

CHILD:

I asked my dad one day:

“Who is Yuri Gagarin?

He's probably very important

But I don’t know much about him...”

And dad then answered me:

“I'm glad you asked me about this,

He is a brave and courageous pilot,

He glorified the country throughout the world.

Gagarin was the first in the world

Who once flew into space?

To the boys on our planet

He gave me the dream of becoming an astronaut.”

Now I'm proud to know

Who was Yuri Gagarin?

Ask me, I will answer you proudly:

He is the astronaut who was the first to reach the stars!

HOST: Thank you! The first person in the world to fly into space was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. He flew around the globe on the Vostok spacecraft. Now listen to the words of Yuri Gagarin himself when he flew into space (recording sounds).

The song “You know what kind of guy he was...” plays.

Do you know what kind of guy he was?

The one who discovered the star trail?

There was fire and thunder, the cosmodrome froze

And he said quietly...

Chorus:

He said: “Let's go!”

He waved his hand

As if along Piterskaya, Piterskaya

Swept over the Earth.

Do you know what kind of guy he was?

The whole world carried him in their arms...

The son of the earth and stars was gentle and simple,

Like Danko, he brought light to people.

Chorus.

Do you know what kind of guy he was?

How he went out onto the ice with a stick,

How he sang songs

He was cheerful and brave,

How passionately I wanted to live!

Chorus.

Do you know what kind of guy he was?

No wasn `t"! After all, he conquered death!

Can you hear distant thunder?

You see, it’s him

Goes to the cosmodrome again.

Chorus.

He said: “Let’s go!”

And a living star

As if along Piterskaya, Piterskaya,

Rushing over the Earth!

HOST: Now let's imagine that we are young cosmonauts. What does it take to become an astronaut?

Children's answers.

HOST: Of course, all boys dream of seeing at least once what is there, beyond our planet, and even girls. There are also women among the astronauts. The world's first female space flight was carried out by Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova from June 16 to 19, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft.

Yes, girls can be brave and dexterous too. And I invite the girls to play a fun game, and at the same time we will test their dexterity.

Game "Pass it to someone else."

Game with balls. Two teams of 4 people. At a signal accompanied by music, children throw the ball back over their heads, starting with the first participant. The last participant with the ball runs forward of the column and also passes the ball back. The game continues until the first participant returns to his place.

HOST: Guys, to fly into space, you need to prepare for a very long time. Do you know what a future astronaut should be able to do?

Children's answers.

HOST: But look at the sketch about a boy who dreamed of flying into space. And it’s called “I want to be an astronaut.”

Two boys perform a mini-skit “I want to be an astronaut.”

Dad is sitting at the table (the role is played by a boy). There is a second chair nearby.

LEADING:

Every boy dreams, of course,

That someday he will fly into space.

And the boy Arseny was no exception,

I decided to be an astronaut when I grew up.

The boy Arseny comes out into the middle of the hall.

Arseny:

The astronauts are lucky

They fly into space every day

They count the stars, walk on the moon...

How I want it the same way.

I want to become an astronaut

When I grow up and fly into space!

LEADING:

But first you need to find out

What does it take to become an astronaut?

Arseny approaches dad.

Arseny:

I'll ask dad. Dad, tell me

What does it take to become an astronaut?

DAD:

Astronauts have their own special regime.

Exercise every day and they go to bed on time.

It's very important for health

Follow this special regime.

Jogging, push-ups, squats,

Dousing with cold water.

At least start with this.

Arseny:

Well, that's a couple of trifles.

I’m already ready to do exercises.

And go to bed by the hour.

I can do all this myself.

DAD:

Well, son, since you're ready,

Let's get started today.

LEADING:

He studied with dad all day,

And he did squats and push-ups,

I wiped myself with cold water,

And he even lifted the barbell.

He jumped, ran and skipped.

And by the evening I was terribly tired.

Dad and Arseny pantomime depict exercises, running, wiping with water, etc.

At the last words of the presenter, Arseny sits down tiredly on a chair.

DAD:

What are you, son, so gloomy?

Have you changed your mind about becoming an astronaut?

Arseny:

Now I understand - this is not easy work

Space flights.

I haven’t changed my mind about becoming an astronaut,

But I'm not ready yet

Being an astronaut is not easy!

Of course I won't be sad

I will develop strength in myself,

Do exercises in the morning

And go to bed on time.

LEADING:

All boys dream about space,

They read books about space.

They study the stars in the sky,

They dream of becoming astronauts.

TEACHER: Guys, an astronaut must have perfect health and enormous physical endurance. An astronaut's training always begins with a warm-up. Our tests will also begin with a small game - warm-up.

Warm-up game

HOST:

But to control the rocket,

You need to become brave and strong.

They don't take the weak into space

After all, flying is not easy work!

Don't yawn around

Today you are an astronaut!

Let's start training

To become strong and agile,

Turned their faces in a circle,

Let's start the exercises!

We do squats, side bends, arm rotations, etc.

HOST:

We board a starship

Let's take off.

We fastened ourselves deftly, together,

Let's start our engine

Tele-tele-tele-tele

Our propeller spun.

Miracles, miracles,

We're taking off into the skies!

HOST: Guys, today I suggest you take a test of strength, endurance, and ingenuity. Cosmonauts are brave, knowledgeable people who can do everything. You are still just learning to be like this.

But there is one secret in the game: there is no room for latecomers!

The crews are in place. And at the command “Start” the rockets are sent into space.

Relay race "Space flight".

The presenter counts down the time: “4, 3, 2, 1...Start!” The first participant starts with a toy rocket in his hands, “flies” to the moon (hoop), and returns to the team to replenish the crew with a 2nd participant. They go on a flight together, then return for the 3rd participant, etc., gathering the entire crew during the relay. At the end, the crews leave their team flags on the moon.

HOST: Guys, you all passed the tests well, proved during the flight that you can do a lot, and most importantly, you acted together and helped each other.

Sports are great, but to be healthy you also need to eat well. Do you know what real astronauts eat?

Children: Porridge, soups, vegetables, fruits. Borscht, compote...

HOST: Okay, I’ll ask differently, how do astronauts eat in outer space? Do they place plates and pour some tea?

Children's answers.

HOST: In outer space, people really don’t eat from plates, but not because they aren’t there. The fact is that in outer space there is no gravity of the Earth, everything seems to float in the air, as in water. This is called weightlessness, that is, everything becomes as light as feathers. And therefore it is impossible to eat from the plates; all the food will simply float away. And all the astronauts’ products are in the form of purees in tubes, like toothpaste. They drink water, compotes and tea through a straw. Let's imagine that we are in outer space and play the game “Cosmonaut Breakfast”. Get ready to eat in zero gravity!

Game "Cosmonaut's Breakfast".

Two teams. Along the way there are cones that you need to pass through, and at the end of the path there is a table. There are juice bags on the table. Each participant is given a cocktail straw. At the signal, the first team member runs between the cones to the table where the bags are, drinks the juice through a straw, then runs back, passing the baton to the next participant. Participants run to the table until the juice in the bags runs out. The team whose bags become empty the fastest wins.

HOST: And also guys, the first human spacewalk in history was carried out by Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov during the expedition on March 18-19, 1965 (Voskhod-2 spacecraft, crewed by Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev). Alexey Leonov moved away from the ship to a distance of 5 meters and spent 12 minutes 9 seconds in outer space outside the airlock. What did the man, the cosmonaut, who was the first to go into outer space and into the Universe, see?

Children: Stars, our planet Earth.

HOST: See what our planet looks like in outer space. (Show illustration).

Guys, I suggest you fold our planet - Earth.

Didactic game "Folds". (A colorful image of the Earth is cut into fragments in different ways. Children form teams and post the picture.)

HOST: Guys, when Yu.A. Gagarin first saw the Earth through the window, he said the following words: “Having flown around the Earth in a satellite ship, I saw how beautiful our planet is. People, let us preserve and increase this beauty, and not destroy it!”

CHILD:

There is one garden planet

In this cold space.

Only here the forests are noisy,

Calling migratory birds,

It's the only one they bloom on

Lilies of the valley in the green grass,

And dragonflies are only here

They look into the river in surprise...

Take care of your planet -

After all, there is no other one like it!

(author of the poem - Y. Akim)

HOST: And now I propose to test your knowledge. Our cosmonauts are smart people, we don’t take stupid people into space.

Let's do a mini-quiz. I will ask questions about space, and you will try to guess.

Quiz game "Guessing".

(You can run it between teams)

The biggest and hottest star in the universe ( Sun).

Natural satellite of the earth ( Moon).

The man who flies into space ( astronaut).

What is the name of the aircraft in which they fly into space? ( Spaceship).

What is the name of both the animal and the constellation? ( Ursa).

Why is there day and night on earth? ( The planet revolves around itself)

Who was the first astronaut to fly into space? ( Yuri Gagarin).

Who else has been in space besides people? ( Dogs Belka and Strelka, mice, rats, rabbits and even chimpanzees).

What was the name of the spaceship on which Gagarin made his first flight? ("East")

What holiday does our country celebrate every year on April 12? ( Cosmonautics Day).

HOST: Well done, guys! Some people know more, some less, but now you and I know much more about space and the fact that there are thousands of stars in the sky.

Do you know that our planet is not the only one in the Universe? There are so many planets. There are many galaxies in outer space. And our solar system is located in one of these galaxies. And our planet is the third in a row. And how many planets are in the solar system, Lada will tell us.

CHILD: (Lays out the planets on a magnetic board around the sun)

All planets in order

Any of us can name:

One - Mercury,

Two - Venus,

Three - Earth,

Four - Mars.

Five - Jupiter,

Six - Saturn,

Seven - Uranus,

Behind him is Neptune.

He is the eighth in a row.

And after him, then,

And the ninth planet

Called Pluto.

(author of the poem - A. Khait)

HOST: That's it, guys, there are nine planets in our solar system. True, recently some scientists do not consider Pluto a planet.

And I suggest we also listen to the poems that the guys have prepared for us.

The band's melody sounds "Space».

CHILD:

"Yuri Gagarin"

In a space rocket

With the name "East"

He is the first on the planet

I was able to rise to the stars.

Sings songs about it

Spring drops:

Will be together forever

Gagarin and April.

(author of the poem - V. Stepanov)

CHILD:

"The ship is flying"

Flying in space

steel ship

Around the Earth.

And even though its windows are small,

Everything is visible in them

Like on the palm of your hand:

Steppe space,

Tidal bore,

Maybe

and you and me!

(author of the poem - V. Orlov)

HOST:

Astronauts, thank you.

Our contemporaries, thank you!

I'm in a rush of excited feelings

Thank you again and again:

You opened to earthlings

Pages of heavenly beauties,

Showed us the Earth

From unprecedented heights,

They showed her in a blue halo.

Humanity now knows:

Space will serve people

They will be obedient.

Thank you from the heart, heroes.

HOST: Well, guys, today we learned a lot of interesting and new things about space and astronauts, and tried ourselves in the role of astronauts themselves. Did you like our holiday?

Children's answers.

HOST: Now you and I know that an astronaut must be strong, healthy, fit, be sure to exercise and eat well. And who knows, maybe one of you, when you grow up, will realize your dreams and become an astronaut. And today, when you come home, tell all your loved ones what you know about space. And, of course, congratulate your family on the holiday, Happy Cosmonautics Day!

Marina Pavlova, Irina Simonova , teachers of kindergarten No. 10 of general developmental type in the city of Galich, Kostroma region

In the attached files: a modeling lesson, a paper construction lesson, space coloring pages, games, puzzles, poems, riddles about space, notes for a song about space, a diploma.

Conversation on the topic " Cosmonautics Day "

Second junior group

Goals :

Introduce the firstcosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin;

Stimulate the development of speech, memory, thinking, develop imagination, fantasy.

Material to conversation : image of the solar system, photographycosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin, dogs - Belki and Strelki.

Move conversations :

Earth is the planet on which we live, it is the only planet in the solar system on which life exists. People, plants and animals live on Earth because there is water and air. It revolves around the Sun and is the most beautiful and interesting of all the planets. The Sun is the closest star to Earth. Without the Sun there would be no life on Earth. Everything that happens on our planet is connected with the Sun: the change of day and night, the onset of winter or summer. During the day, the sun warms and illuminates our planet. All living things rejoice in sunlight and warmth. With the sunrise, nature awakens and comes to life.

In the evening we can see the moon and stars in the sky. The Moon is the Earth's satellite. It shines brightly in the night sky. People have always wanted to visit the moon, fly to the stars, see the Earth fromspace.

Would you guys like to becomeastronauts? ( Yes! )

Who are theyastronauts? ( children's answers, the teacher corrects, supplements )

What do you think it should be likeastronaut? (healthy, strong, knowledgeable, hardworking, courageous, resilient, etc.).

What can you see in the sky?(stars)

How many stars are there in the sky?(uncountable number)

The sky above our head is strewn with many stars. They look like small sparkling dots and are located far from the Earth. In fact, the stars are very large. And then one day, a man was looking at the starry sky and he wanted to know what kind of stars they were and why they were so bright. Scientists came up with special instruments - telescopes, observed and learned that there are other planets.

Physical education lesson “Rocket”

One-two, there's a rocket.
(child raises his hands up)
Three or four, take off soon.
(spreads his arms to the sides)
To reach the sun
(circle with hands)
Astronauts need a year.
(takes hands to cheeks, shakes head)
But dear we are not afraid
(arms to the sides, body tilts left and right)
Each of us is an athlete
(bends his elbows)
Flying over the earth
(spreads his arms to the sides)
Let's say hello to her.
(raises his hands up and waves)

Puzzles:

There is nothing more expensive

Than its magical light!

It will warm everyone with its warmth!

He doesn’t spare the light for people!

In the morning, at every window,

Enters affectionately (Sun)

Above the forest, above the mountains, a carpet spreads out.

He is always, always spread out over you and over me

Sometimes it’s gray, sometimes it’s blue, sometimes it’s bright blue.(Sky)

Multi-colored shreds
Cotton wool floats across the sky.
If it gets together in a bunch,
Then the rain pours on the ground.
Explain to me guys
What is this cotton wool called?(Clouds)

What is visible in the sky only at night?(Stars) .

Adults and children know

That it is not the sun that shines at night.

Chubby and pale,

Always alone among the stars.(Moon)

But people wanted to know if there was life on other planets. What creatures live there, are they similar to us, is there air on other planets. But to find out, you must fly to them. Airplanes were not suitable for this. Who knows why?(because the planets are very far away) . And so scientists invented the first satellite, installed instruments on it and launched it intospace.

Physical education lesson “Space”

One two three four five,

(walking in place )

We are flying into space again.

(put your hands together above your head )

I'm breaking away from the Earth,

(jump )

I'm reaching the moon.

(hands to the sides, spin around )

We'll hang in orbit,

(swing your arms back and forth )

And again we hurry home.

(walking in place )

There were two dogs on board - Belka and Strelka (show the photo to the children), they successfully returned to Earth. And then in 1961 for the first timeman went into space.

The first person who was able to travel tospace trip, wasastronautYuri Alekseevich Gagarin (show photo). He made his flight on April 12, 1961 on a Vostok rocket. In thatdayour country celebrates"Cosmonautics Day". This is a holidayastronauts and peoplewho participates in the creationspace rockets.

Didactic game "Family of Words".

Let's play and form words from one family to the word"star" .

How can you affectionately call a Star?(star)

If there are many Stars in the sky, then we will say what it is like?(stellar)

What is the name of the ship that flies to the stars?(starship)

What do they call a wizard in fairy tales who predicts the future from the stars?(astrologer)

Well done! Today you learned a lot aboutspace, astronauts, about our planet and I think that you can be included in the squadastronauts.

Bottom lineconversations.

Questions:

1. What is the name of our planet?

2. What is the sun for?

3. When can we get a good look at the moon?

4. What was the name of the man who first flew tospace ?

Tasks for those who are not tired:

1. Build a rocket from a large construction set.

2. Laying out a rocket using counting sticks

Conversation on the topic of cosmonautics day for dow. Didactic game "Family of words"

View document contents "Conversation "Cosmonautics Day."

Telling children about space

Children about space

About astronauts for children

Games on the theme "Space" for children

Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the outside world in the middle group, topic: “Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten”

Goals:

Equipment:

Progress of the lesson:

Didactic game “Build a rocket”

Dynamic pause “Cosmonauts land on planets”

Didactic game “Place aliens in spaceships”

Didactic game “Name the constellations”

Finger gymnastics

Sponge painting “Moon”

View document contents
"Conversation "Cosmonautics Day."