If a serviceman has four crosses on his chest, then he is a full Knight of St. George. And if, in addition to everything, there are also four medals “For Bravery” on the St. George ribbon, then this brave man is the recipient of a full bow. There were not so many of these in the million-strong army of the First World War. Among them is lieutenant officer Ivan Lyashenko. Let's tell a story about him.
Once upon a time, the legendary explorer of the southern Krivoy Rog region, Alexander Prokopchuk, in a conversation with the author of these lines, mentioned a certain Lyashenko, who, even before the events of 1914, allegedly worked as a horse driver at the Starovoluntesky mine and returned there as a full Knight of St. George. And Ivan Timofeevich Lyashenko was just that. We don’t have accurate information about this - is it Lyashenko...
Although during the historical search for complete St. George Knights, only one was found - I.T. Lyashenko. It was possible to find out that the ensign of the Life Guards of His Majesty’s 3rd Infantry Regiment Lyashenko Ivan Timofeevich is an Orthodox peasant from the village. Sofievka, Sofievskaya volost, Verkhnedneprovsky district, Ekaterinoslav province (born April 17, 1883). The documents that have survived to this day indicate that he had an education at home, which means, in fact, none. You can say self-taught. And how many outstanding people, glorious warriors of the empire came from the bottom. And a simple village guy Ivan Lyashenko.
One day his father woke him up early in the morning. The peasants get up at dawn and bow to the clear sun before the icons. The boy got up as usual, checked his knapsack, and it was time to get ready for the herd there.
- Leave it! – with such a shout the father suspended the preparations. - You will come with me.
He didn't say anything else. The boy obeyed and placed on the bench a bundle with modest food and a well-worn bottle of water from the spring, which was under the centuries-old willow tree.
And wherever, everyone thinks, they will go together on a chaise creaking with dried springs. Maybe go to the local hairdresser to get a haircut. But no.
The eldest of Lyashenkov sent his son to study. So Ivan became a barber. In the villages they were called “golyars”, and in cities and towns – barbers. He cut and shaved his fellow countrymen until the fall of 1904. On that cold November, the volost foreman ordered a prayer service to be served in the church and in peace to send a group of young men into the army to take the royal oath. And a native of the Yekaterinoslav region ended up in the capital city itself - St. Petersburg.
Ivan Lyashenko was assigned to the 3rd Infantry Regiment of His Majesty's Life Guards. It dates back to July 1799, when, by decree of Emperor Paul I, the Life Guards Garrison Battalion was formed “from honored ranks of the guard, unable to endure the difficulties of military service”... Simply, these were lonely veterans of the Suvorov-Potemkin campaigns, participants in the storming of Izmail, the immortal attack on Damn bridge. Based on the awards that this unit had - three St. George's banners - one can judge that the Life Guards distinguished themselves in battles against the troops of Napoleon and the Turks.
At the time of Ivan Lyashenko’s active service, this military formation had a name - the Life Guards Rifle Regiment (without specific numbering yet). Emperor Nicholas II was present when Ivan Lyashenko and his comrades took the oath. And this is not at all accidental. From the moment of his coronation (1894), by the grace of God, the Tsar took patronage over the regiment. Award banners fluttered in the Neva wind, and drums beat in time with their measured steps. The newly minted Life Guards (consider the palace imperial unit) showed off in brand new ceremonial uniforms. And the shako matches the gilded shoulder straps, and the ceremonial saber in the hands just sparkles. They responded in unison to the royal greeting, “Great, well done!”
The everyday life of soldier drill dragged on. Ivan Lyashenko was assigned as a private of the fourth company. Shooting skills came in handy. Since childhood, I walked along the local Sofievsky beams and pits with a gun. Either a trotting hare or a duck. A year later, life marksman Ivan Lyashenko distinguished himself in shooting. Then he received his first award - the badge “For excellent shooting” 3 tbsp. Over time, he will earn both the second and first degrees. There’s also a watch – a pure silver creation – to top it all off. Then the whole Sofiyivka will come to look at the capital’s wonder.
Few people then even had “walkers” in their modest households. And here there is also a personalized inscription: “To Ivan Lyashenko for faithful service and valor.” It was their fellow countryman that the Tsar Father granted. He handed it over from hand to hand publicly on the regimental parade ground. The father was the one who was most happy for his son then. At the end of his service, Corporal Lyashenko commanded the squad. From this position in April 1908 he was sent to the reserve.
We have no information about the whereabouts of Ivan Timofeevich after demobilization. How can one not remember the mention of A.I. Prokopchuk about a full Knight of St. George from the Starovoluntesky mine named Lyashenko. If this is him, then he could work in the mine, having super-honorary regalia, only after the 1st World War. For “our” Lyashenko earned his full bow precisely in the trenches of the war of 1914-1918.
Ivan Timofeevich was called up for service for the second time a month and a half before the start of the war with the Austro-Germans. The General Staff of the Imperial Army had already begun covert mobilization. Ivan Lyashenko fell under it. I immediately arrived in familiar places where the white nights had just ended. He joined the banner of the famous Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. With him he left for the theater of hostilities that unfolded in a bloody orgy in the North-Western Front. The regiment glorified its banners in the Riga and Petrograd directions.
In those years, the Life Guards were alternately subordinate to Major Generals Andrian Usov and Nikolai Krivitsky. These soldier fathers presented equal numbers of crosses and medals to Ivan Lyashenko. The numbers of the St. George crosses and medals of our fellow Ekaterinoslav resident have been preserved. Medals "For Bravery" 4 tbsp. under No. 1163723, 3 tbsp. – No. 125594, 2 tbsp. – No. 38955, 1 st. – No. 19439. Two of them, the hero of defense and bayonet attacks, junior non-commissioned officer Ivan Lyashenko, received from the hands of Usov, and the last two, gilded, from Krivitsky. At the time of awarding the brave Life Guardsman the third St. George Cross “for the destruction by a raid of an enemy convoy with shells and provisions,” Major General Nikolai Nikolaevich Krivitsky owned a unique award - the St. George Arms for “leading the offensive of the battalions and the attack of the Yeziorsky and Zarashovsky forests and the village. Zarashovo, and made it possible to cover the flank of the enemy’s positions, which entailed the latter’s complete retreat, captured 90 prisoners and was wounded by shrapnel fragments.”
As part of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Ivan Lyashenko did not fight for long; he was transferred to his native Life Guards 3rd Infantry Regiment, which was still in active service.
He survived the hell of the First World War. He returned home, maybe then he moved to the south of Krivbass. There is no clear data about this, as well as about the further fate of the owner of the full St. George's bow, ensign Ivan Timofeevich Lyashenko.
, "Chervony girnik".
Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko(- February 9) - commander of the artillery battery of the 109th Infantry Regiment of the 74th Infantry Division of the 13th Army of the Central Front, senior lieutenant.
Biography
Born in 1921 in the district town of Yuzovka, Donetsk province, Ukrainian SSR. In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the artillery school. Participant of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. He took part in the battles on the Kursk Bulge and in the crossing of the Dnieper.
During the battles for the bridgehead on the Desna River on September 12, 1943, he helped hold the line. In the battles for the bridgehead on the banks of the Dnieper, he controlled the fire of the battery, inflicting heavy damage on the enemy in manpower.
On October 16, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism displayed, senior lieutenant Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sources
. Website "Heroes of the Country". Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
- The Dnieper is the river of heroes. Kyiv, 1983.
- Knights of the Gold Star. Donetsk: Donbas, 1976.
- Forever in the people's heart. 3rd ed., add. and corr. Minsk, 1984.
- Trokaev A. A. Heroes of fiery years. Donetsk: Donbas, 1985.
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Excerpt characterizing Lyashenko, Ivan Mikhailovich
- Why have you never been to Annette? – the little princess asked Anatole. “And I know, I know,” she said with a wink, “your brother Ippolit told me about your affairs.” - ABOUT! “She shook her finger at him. - Even in Paris I know your pranks!- And he, Hippolytus, didn’t tell you? - said Prince Vasily (turning to his son and grabbing the princess by the hand, as if she wanted to run away, and he barely had time to hold her), - but he didn’t tell you how he himself, Hippolyte, wasted away for the dear princess and how she le mettait a la porte? [kicked him out of the house?]
- Oh! C "est la perle des femmes, princesse! [Ah! this is the pearl of women, princesse!] - he turned to the princess.
For her part, m lle Bourienne did not miss the opportunity, when she heard the word Paris, to also enter into a general conversation of memories. She allowed herself to ask how long ago Anatole left Paris, and how he liked this city. Anatole very willingly answered the Frenchwoman and, smiling, looking at her, talked to her about her fatherland. Having seen the pretty Bourienne, Anatole decided that here, in Bald Mountains, it would not be boring. “Very pretty! - he thought, looking at her, - this demoiselle de compagn is very pretty. [companion.] I hope she will take it with her when she marries me,” he thought, “la petite est gentille.” [little one is cute.]
The old prince was slowly dressing in his office, frowning and pondering what he should do. The arrival of these guests angered him. “What do I need Prince Vasily and his son? Prince Vasily is a braggart, empty, well, he must be a good son,” he grumbled to himself. He was angry that the arrival of these guests raised in his soul an unresolved, constantly suppressed question - a question about which the old prince always deceived himself. The question was whether he would ever decide to part with Princess Marya and give her to her husband. The prince never directly decided to ask himself this question, knowing in advance that he would answer fairly, and justice contradicted more than a feeling, but the entire possibility of his life. Life without Princess Marya was unthinkable for Prince Nikolai Andreevich, despite the fact that he seemed to value her little. “And why should she get married? - he thought, - probably to be unhappy. There's Lisa behind Andrey (it seems hard to find a better husband now), but is she happy with her fate? And who will take her out of love? Dull, awkward. They'll take you for your connections, for your wealth. And don’t they live in girls? Even happier!” This is what Prince Nikolai Andreevich thought as he got dressed, and at the same time, the question that was being postponed demanded an immediate solution. Prince Vasily brought his son, obviously with the intention of making an offer and, probably, today or tomorrow he will demand a direct answer. The name and position in the world are decent. “Well, I’m not against it,” the prince said to himself, “but let him be worth it. This is what we will see.”
1905-1950
Hero of the Soviet Union (03/05/1948), test pilot 2nd class (1945), lieutenant colonel.
Born on October 16, 1905 in the city of Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Territory. He worked as a farm laborer, a worker.
In 1927-1930 he served in the army (cavalry). In 1932 he graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Work Faculty.
In the army since 1932. In 1932-1933 he studied at the Lugansk Military Aviation Pilot School (VASP), in 1934 he graduated from the Kachin VASP. Served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant in the Soviet-Finnish War: in November 1939-March 1940 - commander of an aviation squadron of the 26th Fighter Aviation Regiment.
In 1940-1941 - test pilot at plant No. 24 (Moscow); tested aircraft engines.
In 1941 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute.
Participant of the Great Patriotic War: in July-September 1941 - pilot of the 2nd separate fighter aviation squadron (Moscow air defense).
In 1941-1943 - test pilot at aircraft plant No. 1 (Kuibyshev); tested production IL-2.
In 1943-1945 - test pilot at aircraft plant No. 301 (Khimki); tested serial Yak-9.
From August 1945 - on flight test work at the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. He took to the skies and tested the MiG-9M (FR) (July 1947), MiG-9 (FF) (05/24/1948), MiG-15/3 (S-03) (06/15/1948), MiG-15P (SP -1) (December 1949), MiG-17 (SI) (01/17/1950), participated in tests of the MiG-9, MiG-15 and their modifications, I-250.
Died on March 17, 1950 in a test flight on an experimental MiG-17 (SI).
Having gained 11,000 m, he carried out the planned program and, not having discovered anything new in the behavior of the machine, dropped to 5,000 m. Suddenly, the plane entered a steep dive. Despite all his experience, the pilot was unable to cope with the situation and did not even have time to transmit a word on the radio. The SI crashed into the ground at great speed. The pilot was killed, and only small debris remained from the car.
To understand the reasons for what happened, it was necessary to continue flight experiments. Even before the death of I.T. Ivashchenko, A.I. Mikoyan invited military test pilot G.A. Sedov, who had previously worked at the Air Force State Research Institute, to the OKB. In March 1950, he began flying the experimental SI-2, the construction of which was completed at the beginning of the year. On one of the flights, Sedov found himself in conditions close to those that led to the death of Ivashchenko. After exceeding the speed of 1000 km/h, flutter of the stabilizer began, as a result of which the elevators were largely destroyed - about 40% of their area remained, the outer parts were torn off symmetrically on both sides. The pilot managed to put the fighter into a climb, reduce engine speed and reduce speed. Later, G.A. Sedov recalled: “I prepared for this regime in advance, since we knew that the destruction of the horizontal tail on the first experimental vehicle occurred at a speed of 1020-1044 km/h. The pilot's quick reaction has nothing to do with it. When all this happened, the plane was in a normal position and even began to lift its nose a little. I tried the elevators - the car obeyed. True, during the landing approach, when the speed dropped, there was a danger that the area of the remaining rudders would not be enough, but everything worked out, and the prototype was saved.”
Ivashchenko lived in Moscow. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree, Order of the Red Star, and medals.
LYASHENKO IVAN MIKHAILOVICH, Jr. St. Rod. in 1922 in the Krasnozersky district of the Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Krasnozersky RVC. 54 Guards TBR 7th Guards tk. Died on December 30, 1943. Buried in the village. Singuri, Zhytomyr district, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine.
LYASHENKO IVAN SEMENOVYCH, s. Genus. in 1923 in the village. Nizhnecheremoshny Krasnozersky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Krasnozersk RVC in 1941. Missing in action in August 1943.
LYASHENKO IVAN SERAFIMOVICH, private. Genus. in 1925 in the village. Chernokurya, Karasuksky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Karasuk RVC on January 14, 1943. He went missing in April 1945.
LYASHENKO IVAN SERGEEVICH, Jr. Art. Genus. in the village of Denisovka, Toguchinsky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Toguchinsky RVK on July 15, 1941. P/n 24003. Died on December 6, 1943. Buried in the village of Fasovaya, Volodar-Volynsky district, Zhitomir region, Ukraine.
LYASHENKO IVAN TIMOFEEVICH, st. Genus. in 1920 in the village. Half of the Krasnozersky district of the Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Krasnozersky RVK on February 16, 1939. He went missing in October 1941 near the village of Shevelevo, Leningrad Region.
LYASHENKO ILYA STEPANOVICH, private. Genus. in 1924 in the village of Pokrovka, Dovolensky district, Novosibirsk region. Called by the Dovolensky RVC. Died of wounds on August 10, 1943 at PPG-104. He was buried near the village of Bolshaya Kamenka, Vkhodsky district, Smolensk region.
LYASHENKO MIKHAIL ALEXEEVICH, st. Genus. in 1907 in Novosibirsk. Called up by the Dzerzhinsky RVC on January 28. 1942. 74 rev. Died on December 15, 1942. Buried in the village of Tsitsino, Belsky District, Tver Region.
LYASHENKO MIKHAIL GRIGORIEVICH, private. Genus. in 1915 in the village of Kinterep, Legostaevsky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Legostaevsky RVK on March 31, 1942. 10 joint ventures 45 infantry divisions. Died from wounds in EG-1658. Buried in Orenburg.
LYASHENKO NIKIFOR NIKIFOROVYCH, Art. s-t. Genus. in 1913 in Semipalatinsk. Called up by the Krasnozersky RVC of the Novosibirsk region. January 7, 1942. 312th Infantry Division. Died on March 4, 1943. Buried near the village of Posel, Gagarin district, Smolensk region.
LYASHENKO NIKOLAY EFIMOVICH, private. Genus. in 1925 and with. Marshansky, Kargatsky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Kargat RVC in 1943. Missing in April 1945.
LYASHENKO PETER IVANOVYCH, private. Genus. in 1910 in the village of Pokrovka, Dovolensky district, Novosibirsk region. Called by the Dovolensky RVC. He went missing in September 1942.
LYASHENKO PETER MARKOVICH, private. Genus. in 1914 in the village. Petropavlovka, Krasnozersky district, Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Krasnozersky RVK on November 8, 1942. 12th joint venture, 53rd infantry regiment. Died of wounds on April 26, 1943. Buried in. Moscow city.
LYASHENKO PETER NIKOLAEVICH, private. Genus. in 1924 in the Sumy region. Called up by the Tatar RVC of the Novosibirsk region. April 25, 1943. 1292 joint venture 113 infantry division. Died on March 17, 1944. Buried in the village. Sarachanov, Bobrinsky district, Kirovograd region, Ukraine.
LYASHENKO PETER PAVLOVICH, private. Genus. in 1902 in the village. Half of the Krasnozersky district of the Novosibirsk region. Called up by the Krasnozersky RVK in 1941. 232 rifle regiments 252 rifle divisions. Died of wounds on March 18, 1944. Buried in the village of Tsybatovo, Pushkino-Gorsky district, Pskov region.
LYASHENKO PROKOFIY FEDOROVYCH, private. Genus. in 1902. Called up by the Ubinsky RVC of the Novosibirsk region. in 1942. 252nd Guards. SP 83 Guards sd. Died on February 4, 1944.