Грамматика дроздовой.

English Grammar. Reference and Practice. Version 2.0. Дроздова Т.Ю. и др.

СПб.: 2012. - 424 с. + 9 6 с.

Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для учащихся общеобразовательных учреждений с углубленным изучением английского языка и студентов вузов.
Новое переработанное издание включает 16 тематических разделов, множество таблиц и примеров, свыше 800 упражнений, рассчитанных на разные уровни языковой подготовки, новые коммуникативные упражнения. Большинство упражнений выполнено в виде "рабочей тетради". Отдельной книгой изданы ответы-ключи The Keys.

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CONTENTS
THE VERB
1. The Verb "to be" 9
2. "There + be" Construction 14
3. The Verb "to have" 17
4. English Tenses Active 21
5. The Simple Forms 23
5.1 The Present Simple Tense 23
5.2 The Past Simple Tense 26
5.3 The Future Simple Tense 32
6. The Continuous Forms 36
6.1 The Present Continuous Tense 36
6.2 The Present Continuous and the Present Simple 40
6.3 The Past Continuous Tense 42
6.4 The Past Continuous and the Past Simple 43
6.5 The Future Continuous Tense 47
6.6 Revision 49
7. Talking about the Future 50
7.1 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning 50
7.2 Be going to 51
7.3 The Future Simple 53
7.4 Be to, be about to, be due to 55
7.5 Revision 55
8. The Perfect Forms 58
8.1 The Present Perfect Tense 58
8.2 The Present Perfect and the Past Simple 64
8.3 The Past Perfect Tense 68
8.4 The Future Perfect Tense 73
9. The Perfect Continuous Forms 76
9.1 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 76
9.2 The Present Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous 78
9.3 The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous 79
9.4 Revision 81
9.5 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 83
9.6 The Past Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous 85
9.7 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense 86
10. Revision on Tenses 87
11. Tests 93
MODAL VERBS
1. Definition 95
2. "Can" 95
2.1 Can - to Express Strong Doubt or Astonishment 99
2.2 Revision 101
3. "May" 102
3.1 May- to Express Uncertainty, Strong Doubt 103
4. "Must" 106
4.1 Must-to Express Probability, Near Certainty 109
4.2 Revision 113
5. "Should" and "Ought to" 114
6. "Need" 117
7. Revision 121
8. Tests 124
THE PASSIVE VOICE
1. Formation of the Passive Voice 126
2. Uses of the Passive Voice Peculiar to the English Language 127
3. Revision 136
4. Tests 138
QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES 140
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
1. General Rules 146
2. Revision 150
3. Tests 152
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Indirect Statement 153
2. Indirect Command and Request 155
3. Indirect Questions 156
3.1 Indirect General Questions 156
3.2 Indirect Special Questions 157
4. Reporting a Dialogue or a Conversation 158
5. Revision 161
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
1. Conditional Sentences 165
1.1 Revision 172
1.2 Test 175
2. Making a Wish 175
3. Revision 179
4. Tests 180
THE NOUN
1. Formation of Nouns 181
2. Classification of Nouns 184
3. The Category of Number 187
4. The Category of Case 191
5. Tests 195
THE ARTICLE
1. Use of Articles with Common Nouns 196
1.1 Revision 202
2. Use of Articles with Nouns of Material and Abstract Nouns 205
3. Use of Articles with Proper Nouns 208
3.1 Geographical Names 208
3.2 Use of Articles in the Names of Places, Buildings, Public Organizations, etc 210
3.3 Names of Persons 212
4. Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles 214
4.1 Use of Articles with the Names of Months and Days, Seasons, Meals, Languages,
Nouns: Day, Night, Evening, Morning, etc 214
4.2 Use of Articles with the Nouns School/College, Prison/Jail, Bed, Town, Church 216
4.3 Revision 218
5. Use of Articles in Some Set Expressions 219
6. Tests 221
THE PRONOUN
1. Classification of Pronouns 223
1.1 Personal and Possessive Pronouns 223
1.2 Reflexive Pronouns 226
1.3 Demostrative Pronouns 228
1.4 Interrogative Pronouns 230
1.5 Defining Pronouns 231
1.6 Indefinite and Negative Pronouns 236
1.7 Much/Many, Little/Few, a Little/a Few 243
2. Tests 246
THE ADJECTIVE
1. Formation of Adjectives 247
2. Word Order: Adjective + Noun 250
3. The Comparison of Adjectives 253
4. Tests 261
THE ADVERB
1. Definition, Forms and Place 262
2. Classification of Adverbs 267
2.1 Adverbs of Manner 267
2.2 Adverbs of Time 269
2.3 Adverbs of Frequency 271
2.4 Adverbs of Place and Direction 272
2.5 Adverbs of Degree, Measure and Quantity 273
2.6 Viewpoint Adverbs 279
3. Revision 280
4. Tests 282
THE VERBALS (the non-finite forms of the verb)
1. The Gerund 283
1.1 Forms / Use of the Gerund 283
1.2 Tense/ Voice Distinctions of the Gerund 289
1.3 Verbs Used with the Gerund and the Infinitive 292
1.4 The Gerundial Construction 296
1.5 Revision 298
1.6 Tests 300
2. The Infinitive 302
2.1 Forms. Tense / Voice Distinctions 302
2.2 Use of the Infinitive without the Particle to 303
2.3 Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence 306
2.3.1 Revision 313
2.4 The Infinitive Constructions 314
2.4.1 The Complex Object 314
2.4.2 The Complex Subject 320
2.4.3 The for-to-lnfinitive Construction 328
2.5 Revision 331
2.6 Tests 333
3. The Participle 334
3.1 Forms and Functions 334
3.2 Functions of the Participle in the Sentence 336
3.3 Have Something Done 345
3.4 The Absolute Participial Construction 346
3.5 Revision 347
3.6 Tests 348
THE PREPOSITION
1. Definition 350
2. Prepositions of Place 351
2.1 Prepositions of Place at, in, on 353
3. Prepositions of Direction 355
4. Some Prepositions Confused 359
5. Revision 362
6. Prepositions with Forms of Transport 363
7. The Prepositions of Time 364
7.1 Prepositions for, during, while 365
7.2 Prepositions before, till/until, by 367
7.3 Prepositions since, from, in time/on time 368
8. Prepositions Expressing Abstract Relations 370
8.1 Prepositions by, with 370
8.2 As and like 371
8.3 About, on 371
9. Composite Prepositions 372
10. Revision 373
11. Use of Prepositions in Set Expressions 374
12. Tests 375
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. The Compound Sentence 377
2. The Complex Sentence 377
2.1. Subject Clauses 378
2.2. Predicative Clauses 379
2.3. Object Clauses 380
2.4. Attributive Clauses 381
2.4.1 Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses 382
2.4.2 Subject and Object Relative Clauses 382
2.4.3 Which Referring to the Whole Sentence 385
2.4.4 Clauses Introduced by What, That, Which 386
Revision 387
2.5. Adverbial Clauses 389
2.5.1 Time Clauses 389
2.5.2 Adverbial Clauses of Place 392
2.5.3 Adverbial Clauses of Manner 392
2.5.4 Purpose and Reason Clauses 394
2.5.5 As and since in Clauses of Time and Cause (Reason) 395
Revision 396
2.5.6 Contrast Clauses 396
2.6 Revision 398
2.7 Tests 399
EMPHASIS
1. The Emphatic "Do" 401
2. Double Negation 402
3. The Emphatic Construction "It is ... that/which/who/whom" 402
4. The Emphatic Construction "It is not until... that" 403
5. The Emphatic "Not ...till/until" 404
6. Tests 405
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. List of Grammar Terms and Keywords 406
Appendix 2. List of Irregular Verbs 411
Appendix3. Irregular and Regular Verbs: Confusing Forms 414
Appendix 4. Regular Verbs: Spelling Rules 415
Appendix 5. Place and Order of Adverbs in a Sentence 416
Appendix 6. American English 417
Appendix 7. Punctuation 417
Appendix 8. Prepositions and Homonymous Adverbs. Meaning and Use 420
Literature 423

В этом издании представлены ключи к большинству упражнений переработанного учебного пособия English Grammar: Reference and Practice (version 2.0). Поскольку авторы основываются на ситуативном подходе к пониманию смысла предложения, приводимые здесь ответы могут варьироваться в соответствии с пониманием ситуации.

Примеры.
She does not/doesn"t understand the rule. - Does she understand the rule? 2. He does not usually have breakfast at 8 o"clock. - Does he usually have breakfast at 8 o"clock? 3. The lecture does not start at 10.15. - Does the lecture start at 10.15? 4. They do not usually walk in the morning. - Do they usually walk in the morning? 5. She does not remember them well. - Does she remember them well? 6. He does not play chess very well. - Does he play chess very well? 7. We do not leave home at 10 o"clock every day. - Do we leave home at 10 o"clock every day? 8. Ann doesn"t miss you badly. - Does Ann miss you badly? 9. They do not feel very cold. - Do they feel very cold? 10. Tom does not look sick. - Does Tom look sick? 11. That train does not go very fast. - Does that train go very fast?

I usually do my homework in the evening. 2. My friend lives in the North. 3. My sister studies at the Medical college. 4. They have foreign language classes twice a week. 5. He always comes to see us when he is in Moscow. 6. How much time does it take for you to get back home? - It usually takes about thirty minutes. 7. He seldom travels now. 8. Do you often go to the cinema? 9. She is never late. She is always on time. 10. Do you feel anything? - No, I don"t feel anything. 11. His father is an engineer. He builds bridges. 12.1 don"t study French, I study German. 13. Now we rarely see them. 14. Does her husband often travel/go on business?

How often does Felix watch birds? 2. How often do you write to your parents? 3. What time do you usually have dinner? 4. Where does she work? 5. How often do you go to the Zoo? 6. Why do people do stupid things? 7. How often does the motor break down?

CONTENTS
THE VERB
MODAL VERBS
THE PASSIVE VOICE
QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
THE NOUN
THE ARTICLE
THE PRONOUN
THE ADJECTIVE
THE ADVERB
THE VERBALS
THE PREPOSITION
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE EMPHASIS.

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Скачать книгу The Keys, English Grammar, Reference and Practice, Version 2, Дроздова Т.Ю., Маилова В.Г., Берестова А.И., 2012 - fileskachat.com, быстрое и бесплатное скачивание.

English Grammar, Дроздова Т.Ю., Берестова А.И., Маилова В.Г., 2005 - Учебник по грамматике английского языка для школьников и студентов с различным уровнем подготовки. Оригинальная сопоставительная методика; опора на родной язык; … Книги по английскому языку
English Grammar, Reference and Practice, Version 2, Дроздова Т.Ю., Маилова В.Г., Берестова А.И., 2012 - Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для учащихся общеобразовательных учреждений с углубленным изучением английского языка и студентов ВУЗов. Новое переработанное … Книги по английскому языку
English Grammar, Test File, Дроздова Т.Ю., Берестова А.И., Курочкина Н.А., 2014
The Keys, Дроздова Т.Ю., Берестова А.И., Курочкина Н.А., 2006 - Ex. 9 (p. 20) 1, I usually do my homework in the evening. 2. My friend lives in the North. … Книги по английскому языку

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Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для учащихся общеобразовательных учреждений с углубленным изучением английского языка и студентов ВУЗов.
Новое переработанное издание включает 16 тематических разделов, множество таблиц и примеров, свыше 800 упражнений, рассчитанных на разные уровни языковой подготовки, новые коммуникативные упражнения. Большинство упражнений выполнено в виде "рабочей тетради". Отдельной книгой изданы ответы-ключи The Keys.

Примеры.
Translate into English.
1. Твой брат дома? 2. Сколько стоят эти открытки? 3. Эта гостиница очень дорогая. 4. Я интересуюсь искусством (be interested in). 5. Все магазины сегодня открыты. 6. Музей сегодня открыт? 7. Мне жарко. 8. Моя сестра - архитектор. 9. Я не устала. 10. Откуда родом её муж? 11. Они не студенты, они врачи. 12. Тебе интересны иностранные языки?

Answer the questions, using the Present Simple.
1. What time do you go to school? (generally, usually) 2. What do you do on Sunday mornings? (often) 3. How do you spend your leisure time? (usually, occasionally) 4. What sort of radio programmes do you listen to? (usually, often, always) 5. How do you help your parents? (always, sometimes, usually) 6. What sort of films do you enjoy? (nearly always) 7. Where do you read for your examinations? (normally, sometimes) 8. Where do you have your meals? (usually, sometimes) 9. What do you take if you have a headache?
(generally, usually) 10. How do you celebrate your birthday? (nearly always, occasionally).

CONTENTS
THE VERB
1. The Verb "to be" 9
2. "There + be" Construction 14
3. The Verb "to have" 17
4. English Tenses Active 21
5. The Simple Forms 23
5.1 The Present Simple Tense 23
5.2 The Past Simple Tense 26
5.3 The Future Simple Tense 32
6. The Continuous Forms 36
6.1 The Present Continuous Tense 36
6.2 The Present Continuous and the Present Simple 40
6.3 The Past Continuous Tense 42
6.4 The Past Continuous and the Past Simple 43
6.5 The Future Continuous Tense 47
6.6 Revision 49
7. Talking about the Future 50
7.1 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning 50
7.2 Be going to 51
7.3 The Future Simple 53
7.4 Be to, be about to, be due to 55
7.5 Revision 55
8. The Perfect Forms 58
8.1 The Present Perfect Tense 58
8.2 The Present Perfect and the Past Simple 64
8.3 The Past Perfect Tense 68
8.4 The Future Perfect Tense 73
9. The Perfect Continuous Forms 76
9.1 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 76
9.2 The Present Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous 78
9.3 The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous 79
9.4 Revision 81
9.5 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 83
9.6 The Past Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous 85
9.7 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense 86
10. Revision on Tenses 87
11. Tests 93
MODAL VERBS
1. Definition 95
2. "Can" 95
2.1 Can - to Express Strong Doubt or Astonishment 99
2.2 Revision 101
3. "May" 102
3.1 May- to Express Uncertainty, Strong Doubt 103
4. "Must" 106
4.1 Must-to Express Probability, Near Certainty 109
4.2 Revision 113
5. "Should" and "Ought to" 114
6. "Need" 117
7. Revision 121
8. Tests 124
THE PASSIVE VOICE
1. Formation of the Passive Voice 126
2. Uses of the Passive Voice Peculiar to the English Language 127
3. Revision 136
4. Tests 138
QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES 140
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
1. General Rules 146
2. Revision 150
3. Tests 152
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Indirect Statement 153
2. Indirect Command and Request 155
3. Indirect Questions 156
3.1 Indirect General Questions 156
3.2 Indirect Special Questions 157
4. Reporting a Dialogue or a Conversation 158
5. Revision 161
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
1. Conditional Sentences 165
1.1 Revision 172
1.2 Test 175
2. Making a Wish 175
3. Revision 179
4. Tests 180
THE NOUN
1. Formation of Nouns 181
2. Classification of Nouns 184
3. The Category of Number 187
4. The Category of Case 191
5. Tests 195
THE ARTICLE
1. Use of Articles with Common Nouns 196
1.1 Revision 202
2. Use of Articles with Nouns of Material and Abstract Nouns 205
3. Use of Articles with Proper Nouns 208
3.1 Geographical Names 208
3.2 Use of Articles in the Names of Places, Buildings, Public Organizations, etc 210
3.3 Names of Persons 212
4. Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles 214
4.1 Use of Articles with the Names of Months and Days, Seasons, Meals, Languages,
Nouns: Day, Night, Evening, Morning, etc 214
4.2 Use of Articles with the Nouns School/College, Prison/Jail, Bed, Town, Church 216
4.3 Revision 218
5. Use of Articles in Some Set Expressions 219
6. Tests 221
THE PRONOUN
1. Classification of Pronouns 223
1.1 Personal and Possessive Pronouns 223
1.2 Reflexive Pronouns 226
1.3 Demostrative Pronouns 228
1.4 Interrogative Pronouns 230
1.5 Defining Pronouns 231
1.6 Indefinite and Negative Pronouns 236
1.7 Much/Many, Little/Few, a Little/a Few 243
2. Tests 246
THE ADJECTIVE
1. Formation of Adjectives 247
2. Word Order: Adjective + Noun 250
3. The Comparison of Adjectives 253
4. Tests 261
THE ADVERB
1. Definition, Forms and Place 262
2. Classification of Adverbs 267
2.1 Adverbs of Manner 267
2.2 Adverbs of Time 269
2.3 Adverbs of Frequency 271
2.4 Adverbs of Place and Direction 272
2.5 Adverbs of Degree, Measure and Quantity 273
2.6 Viewpoint Adverbs 279
3. Revision 280
4. Tests 282
THE VERBALS (the non-finite forms of the verb)
1. The Gerund 283
1.1 Forms / Use of the Gerund 283
1.2 Tense/ Voice Distinctions of the Gerund 289
1.3 Verbs Used with the Gerund and the Infinitive 292
1.4 The Gerundial Construction 296
1.5 Revision 298
1.6 Tests 300
2. The Infinitive 302
2.1 Forms. Tense / Voice Distinctions 302
2.2 Use of the Infinitive without the Particle to 303
2.3 Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence 306
2.3.1 Revision 313
2.4 The Infinitive Constructions 314
2.4.1 The Complex Object 314
2.4.2 The Complex Subject 320
2.4.3 The for-to-lnfinitive Construction 328
2.5 Revision 331
2.6 Tests 333
3. The Participle 334
3.1 Forms and Functions 334
3.2 Functions of the Participle in the Sentence 336
3.3 Have Something Done 345
3.4 The Absolute Participial Construction 346
3.5 Revision 347
3.6 Tests 348
THE PREPOSITION
1. Definition 350
2. Prepositions of Place 351
2.1 Prepositions of Place at, in, on 353
3. Prepositions of Direction 355
4. Some Prepositions Confused 359
5. Revision 362
6. Prepositions with Forms of Transport 363
7. The Prepositions of Time 364
7.1 Prepositions for, during, while 365
7.2 Prepositions before, till/until, by 367
7.3 Prepositions since, from, in time/on time 368
8. Prepositions Expressing Abstract Relations 370
8.1 Prepositions by, with 370
8.2 As and like 371
8.3 About, on 371
9. Composite Prepositions 372
10. Revision 373
11. Use of Prepositions in Set Expressions 374
12. Tests 375
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. The Compound Sentence 377
2. The Complex Sentence 377
2.1. Subject Clauses 378
2.2. Predicative Clauses 379
2.3. Object Clauses 380
2.4. Attributive Clauses 381
2.4.1 Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses 382
2.4.2 Subject and Object Relative Clauses 382
2.4.3 Which Referring to the Whole Sentence 385
2.4.4 Clauses Introduced by What, That, Which 386
Revision 387
2.5. Adverbial Clauses 389
2.5.1 Time Clauses 389
2.5.2 Adverbial Clauses of Place 392
2.5.3 Adverbial Clauses of Manner 392
2.5.4 Purpose and Reason Clauses 394
2.5.5 As and since in Clauses of Time and Cause (Reason) 395
Revision 396
2.5.6 Contrast Clauses 396
2.6 Revision 398
2.7 Tests 399
EMPHASIS
1. The Emphatic "Do" 401
2. Double Negation 402
3. The Emphatic Construction "It is ... that/which/who/whom" 402
4. The Emphatic Construction "It is not until... that" 403
5. The Emphatic "Not ...till/until" 404
6. Tests 405
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. List of Grammar Terms and Keywords 406
Appendix 2. List of Irregular Verbs 411
Appendix3. Irregular and Regular Verbs: Confusing Forms 414
Appendix 4. Regular Verbs: Spelling Rules 415
Appendix 5. Place and Order of Adverbs in a Sentence 416
Appendix 6. American English 417
Appendix 7. Punctuation 417
Appendix 8. Prepositions and Homonymous Adverbs. Meaning and Use 420
Literature 423.

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English Grammar. Reference and Practice. Version 2.0. Дроздова Т.Ю. и др.

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The Keys

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Т. Ю. Дроздова, А. И. Берестова, Н. А. Курочкина

Englis h Grammar: Referenc e & Practic e

Englis h Grammar: Tes t Fil e

AnthologyEnglis h Grammar:

1. TH E VER B "TO BE"

Ex. 1 (p. 8) 2. they"re; 3. she"s not/she isn"t; 4. it"s not/it isn"t; 5. I"m not; 6. you"re not/

you aren"t; 8.1 am ; 9. you are; 10. they are not; 11. it is not; 12. she is.

Ex. 2 (p. 8) 2. am ; 3. is; 4. are; 5. is; 6. is; 7. am ; 8. is; 9. are; 10. is, are; 11. am; 12. is.

Ex. 3 (p. 8-9) 2. is; 3. are; 4. am ; 5. is; 6. are; 7. is; 8. are; 9. is; 10. are.

Ex. 4 (p. 9) 3. I"m/I am/I" m not/I am not; 4. It"s/It is/It isn"t/It"s not; 5. isn"t/is not; 6. I"m/I

am/I"m not/I am not; 7. are/aren"t/are not; 8. is; 9. isn"t/is not; 10. aren"t/are not; 11. is;

12. aren"t/are not.

Ex. 5 (p. 9) 2. Where is my key? 3. Where are my trousers? 4. How old is your grandmother?

5. What colour is his hair? 6. How much are these shoes? 7. Who is your

favourite actor? 8. Why are you always late?

Ex. 6 (p. 9) 3. Are you British? 4. Where are you from? 5. How old are you? 6. Are you a

student? 7. Is your mother a teacher? 8. Where is she from? 9. What is her name?

10. How old is she?

Ex. 7 (p. 10) 3. Yes, it is./No, it isn"t./No, it"s not. 4. Yes, I am./No, I"m not. 5. Yes, I am./

No, I"m not. 6. Yes, it is./No, it isn"t./No, it"s not. 7. Yes, they are./No, they aren"t./No,

they"re not. 8. Yes, I am./No, I"m not. 9. Yes, he is./No, he isn"t./No, he"s not. 10. Yes, it

is./No, it isn"t./No, it"s not.Ex. 8 (p. 10) 1. Is your brother at home? 2. How muc h are these postcards? 3. This

hotel is very expensive. 4. I"m interested in arts. 5. All the shops are open today. 6. Is the

museum open today? 7. I"m hot. 8. My sister is an architect. 9. I"m not tired. 10. Where is

her husband from?11. They are not students, they are engineers. 12. Are you interested

in foreign languages?

Ex. 9 (p. 10-11) 2. is, was; 3. am/"m ; 4. was; 5. were; 6. are/"re; 7. were; 8. is/"s; 9.

was; 10. were; 11. was; 12. are, were.

Ex. 10 (p. 11) 2. was; 3. weren"t, were; 4. wasn"t, was; 5. weren"t, was; 6. Were, wasn"t,

Ex. 11 (p. 11) 1. Where were they last night? 2. Why were you late yesterday? 3. He

wasn"t at the Institute yesterday. 4.1 wasn"t there. 5. She wasn"t at home at 5 o"clock.

2. "THERE IS (ARE)" CONSTRUCTIO N

Ex. 1 (p. 12) 1. There is/There"s; 2. There are; 3. is there; 4. are there; 5. there was

not/there wasn"t; 6. There was ; 7. Were there; 8. There has been; 9. There are;

10. There is; 11. There will be; 12. there was.

Ex. 2 (p. 12-13) 1. Is there a cat in the window? - Yes, there is. 2. Are there any changes

in the text? - Yes, there are. 3. Are there plenty of glasses in the cupboard? - Yes, there

are. 4. Were there a lot of people at the stadium? - Yes, there were. 5. Is there anything

on the plate? - No, there isn"t. 6. Was there anybody in the room? - No, there wasn"t.

7. Are there any difficult exercises in this book? - Yes, there are. 8. Is there anything on

the shelf? - Yes, there is. 9. Will there be any interesting programmes on TV tomorrow?

Yes, there will. 10. Are there several empt y seats in the room? - Yes, there are.

1 1. Were there any pears on the plate? - No, there were not/weren"t.

A. 1. There are many interesting articles in this magazine. 2. There are many museums

and theatres in our city. 3. Is there a telephone in this room ? 4. There are two

windows in this room . 5. There was no tea in the cup./Ther e wasn" t any tea... 6. How

many articles wer e there in this magazine? - There wer e several articles there.

7. How many student s are there in the classroom? - Twenty . 8. There will be a park

near our house. 9. Was there a school in this street? 10. There are several book s on

B. 1. There is a school near our house. The school is near our house. 2. There are

several theatres in the city. The theatres are in the center of the city. 3. There were

flowers in the vase. The flowers were in a beautiful vase. 4. There are many children in

the theatre. The children are now in the theatre. 5. There are/exist several solutions of

this task. The solutions of this task are given on page 5.3. TH E VER B "TO HAVE1

Ex. 1 (p. 14) 2. he"s got; 3. they"ve got; 4. she hasn"t got; 5. it"s got; 6.1 haven"t got.

Ex. 2 (p. 14) 2. Have you got a VCR? (Do you have...?) 3. Has your father got a car?

(Does your father have...?) 4. Has Carol got many friends? 5. Have Mr. and Mrs. Lewis

got any children? 6. How much money have you got? 7. What kind of car has John got?

Ex. 3 (p.15) 3. Alice,hasn"t got a camera. (Alice doesn"t have...) 4. I"ve got/I haven"t got

a camera. (I don"t have...) 5. I"ve got/I haven"t got a car. 6. Keith hasn"t got a car. 7. Alice

hasn"t got black hair. 8. Alice has got two brothers. 9. Keith hasn"t got black hair.

10. Alice has got a car. 11. Keith has got a sister. 12.1 have got/haven"t got brothers and

Ex. 4 (p. 15) 3. has got/"s got; 4. have got; 5. has got; 6. haven"t got; 7. haven"t got;

8. have got/"ve got; 9. hasn"t got; 10. has got/"s got; 11. has got/"s got; 12. haven"t got;

13. hasn"t got; 14. have got/"ve got.

Ex. 5 (p. 15) 1. They haven"t got any seminars this month. 2. They haven"t got any

flowers in their garden this summer. 3. We haven"t got any letters from home this week.

4. He hasn"t got a sore throat today. 5.1 haven"t got any warm shoes this winter. 6. She

hasn"t got a new dress this summer. 7. They haven"t got any supper tonight. 8.1 haven"t

got any/a headache tonight. 9.1 haven"t got fish for dinner today.

Ex. 6 (p. 16) 1. They have got three dogs and three cats. 2. She"s got big green eyes.

3. My brother has got a blue car. 4. How much land have you got? 5. Last year we didn"t

have a car. 6.1 had a headache yesterday. 7. When do you have tea? 8. We had a good

time yesterday. 9. She had a good holiday in the South. 10. Have you got any books on

the history of England?

5 . TH E INDEFINIT E (SIMPLE) FORM S

Ex. 1 (p. 18) 1. He sings. 2. He runs. 3. They study. 4. He dances. 5. They cook. 6. They

dance. 7. He paints. 8. They teach. 9. He types. 10. They paint. 11. They write.

Ex. 2 (p. 18) 1. He thinks he is ill. 2. He often visits his granny. 3. She lives in Leeds.

4. She usually speaks too quickly. 5. Does he like boiled potatoes? 6. A good animal

always obeys his master. 7. The boy boxes in the gymnasium on Fridays. 8. His dog

always attacks the neighbours. 9. A heavy truck makes a lot of noise.

Ex. 3 (p. 18-19) 1. She does not/doesn"t understand the rule. - Does she understand the

rule? 2. He does not usually have breakfast at 8 o"clock. - Does he usually have breakfast

at 8 o"clock? 3. The lecture does not start at 10.15. - Does the lecture start at

10.15? 4. The flowers do not/don"t look fresh. - Do the flowers look fresh? 5. She doesnot usually walk in the morning. - Does she usually walk in the morning? 6. He does not

have coffee in the evening. - Does he have coffee in the evening? 7. She does not

remember them well. - Does she remember them well? 8. He does not play chess very

well. - Does he play chess very well? 9. She does not leave home at 10 o"clock every day.

Does she leave home at 10 o"clock every day? 10. Ann doesn"t miss you badly. - Does

Ann miss you badly? 11. They do not feel very cold. - Do they feel very cold? 12. Tom

does not look sick. - Does Tom look sick? 13. They do not harvest grapes in March. - Do

they harvest grapes in March? 14. The last boat does not sail at 10 p.m. - Does the last

boat sail at 10 p.m.? 15. That train does not go very fast. - Does that train go very fast?

Ex. 4 (p. 19) 1. are; 2. tell; 3. go; 4. collects; 5. likes; 6. says, is; 7. spend; 8. live,

stands, overlooks, is; 9. What does this sentence mean? 10. live, is; 11. sings; 12. has,

eats; 13. is; 14. What do you see over there? 15. keeps, keeps; 16. is, have/"ve got;

17. come; 18. is.

Ex. 6 (p. 19) 1. do the museums open; 2. don"t use; 3. do you drink; 4. do you do;

5. does your father come; comes; 6. don"t you ask; 7. play, don"t play; 8. does "maintain" mean.

Ex. 7 (p. 20) 1. The Sun doesn"t set ir> the East. It sets in the West. 2. Hens don"t eat

foxes. Foxes eat hens. 3. Blacksmiths don"t make things from wood. They make things

from metal. 4. The river Dvina doesn"t flow into the Black Sea. It flows into the White Sea.

Ex. 8 (p. 20) 1. How often does Felix watch birds? 2. How often do you write to your

parents? 3. What time do you usually have dinner? 4. Where does she work? 5. How

often do you go to the Zoo? 6. Why do people do stupid things? 7. How often does the

motor break down?

Ex. 9 (p. 20) 1.1 usually do my homework in the evening. 2. My friend lives in the North.

3. My sister studies at the Medical college. 4. They have foreign language classes twice

a week. 5. He always comes to see us when he is in Moscow. 6. How much time does it

take you to get back home? - it usually takes me about thirty minutes. 7. He seldom

travels now. 8. Do you often go to the cinema? 9. She is never late. She is always on

time. 10. Do you feel anything? - No, I don"t feel anything. 11. His father is an engineer.

He builds bridges. 12.1 don"t study French, I study German. 13. Now we rarely see them.

14. Does her husband often travel/go on business?

Ex. 10 (p. 22) 1. she woke up early; 2. she walked in the garden; 3. she had a sandwich

for lunch; 4. she went out; 5. she slept very well.

Ex. 12 (p. 22) 1. How long did you stay there? 2. Did you stay at a hotel? 3. Did you go

alone? 4. How did you travel? 5. Was the food good? 6. What did you do in the evenings?

7. Did you make any friends there?Ex. 1 3 (p. 22) 1. didn"t have breakfast, didn"t have; 2. didn"t buy, didn"t have; 3. didn"t

sleep, didn"t feel; 4. wasn"t, didn"t understand.

Ex. 14 (p. 22-23) 1. used to eat; 2. used to be; 3. used to live; 4. used to be; 5. used to

like; 6. used to ride.

Ex. 1 6 (p. 23) 1. We started this experiment last week. 2. They came back home at 7

give these magazines to? 5. Yesterday I met Steve in the library. 6. When did you see him

last? - Last Tuesday. 7. We didn"t study French last year. We studied English. 8. When

did you begin to work yesterday? - After dinner. We had little work. 9. The weather was

good, and we and our friends went to the park. 10. Where were you an hour ago? 11.1

met her the day before yesterday, and she told me about this.

Ex. 17 (p. 23) 1. Now she avoids to go there as often as she used to. 2. He would

suddenly appear at his mother"s and as suddenly disappear. 3. She would spend hours at

the open window, looking at the forest the hill. 4. She would complain of her bad life and

feel better/relieved. 5. Personally, I think you speak English better than you used to.

6. Now he doesn"t smoke at all, because his health is bad, but he used to be a chainsmoker.

7. He began to study French, and in his childhood he would/used to study

English with a tutor. 8. He used to be quite a well-off man.

Ex. 1 8 (p. 24-25) 1. will/"ll be; 2. wiil/"ll be; 3. will/il be; 4. shall/will/"ll know; 5. shall/will/

"II be; 6. will/"ll remember; 7. Wher\will he come back? 8. shall/will/"ll apologize; 9. shan"t/

won"t see; 10. shall/will/"ll recognize.

I. a. 1. calls, shall/will/"ll give; 2. shall/will/"ll be, need; 3. will/"ll be, decide; 4. want, will/

"II get; 5. have.

b. 1. shall/will/"ll write, have; 2. will/"ll wait, send; 3. will/"ll be, is; 4. go.

с 1. don"t know, will come; 2. will stay; 3. wonder, shall/will/"ll ever see; 4. am not

sure, will be; 5. will start.

II. 1. gets, "II start; 2. "II see, is; 3. come, "II talk; 4. come; 5. wants, will be; 6. wonder, "II

write; 7. "II be; 8. get, "II come; 9. will be; 10. come, will find; 11. come, cross; 12. will

move; 13. go down, is; 14. "II be, get; 15. will come; 16. come, am sure, will be, gets;

17. continues, "II transfer; 18. "II buy; will you buy; will bring; will bring; 19. look; 20. talk.

Ex. 20 (p. 25) 1. If I have time next week, I"ll fix the car. 2. If all goes well, I"ll graduate in

June. 3. When he finishes this job, we"ll give him another. 4. If the traffic conditions get

much worse, the city will have to build elevated roads. 5. When the light turns red, all the

cars will stop. 6. When/if the weather clears, we"ll finish our games. 7. If I am paid

tomorrow, I"ll buy this dress. 8. If we get there before you, we"ll wait for you. 9. When he

comes home, his father will give him a good talking to. 10. When/if he takes this medicine,

he will be all right.Ex. 21 (p. 26) 1. get; 2. gets; 3. leave, II give; 4. feel, will drive; 5. see; 6. come, will find;

7. am,"II get in; 8. will you be, am.

Ex. 22 (p. 26) 1. I"ll go to the cinema when I finish my work. 2. He"ll spend a week in

Brussels before he goes to England. 3. He can stay with us when he comes to London in

April. 4. Let"s leave before it"s dark.

Ex. 23 (p. 26) 1. When; 2. if; 3. if; 4. if; 5. If; 6. when; 7. when; 8. if.

Ex. 24 (p. 26) 1. Next year I"ll be twenty. 2. Perhaps, he will come today. 3. When will

you begin to study a foreign language? 4. He thinks you won"t like the new ballet. 5. Will

she be at home at 6? - No, she won"t. 6.1 hope you will cope with the test. 7. Will you

have a lot of work tomorrow? - Yes, I will. 8. The examinations will begin on June, 1.

9. The film will be very interesting. 10. We"ll see him next week.

Ex. 25 (p. 26-27) 1. They won"t start the meeting until the chief engineer comes. 2. If

you meet them, ask them to phone us. 3. You"ll recognize Gemma as soon as you see

her. 4. I wonder, when they will come Dack. 5. Don"t cross the street until the light is

green. 6. As soon as he comes, he will call you. 7. He will be very happy when you come

to New York. 8. If you drink this water you"ll get sick. 9. I can"t tell you when they will

return. 10. If you don"t take a taxi now, you will miss your plane. 11. When you want to see

me, give me a ring/ring me up. 12. You won"t know English until you start working hard.

13. I"ll drop in on you before I leave. 14. When winter comes, I"ll go to India. 15.1 don"t

know when I"ll see him again.

6 . TH E CONTINUOU S FORM S

Ex. 1 (p. 28-29) 1. He isn"t lying down; 2. He isn"t washing; 3. They aren"t fighting; 4. We

aren"t jumping; 5. They aren"t shouting; 6. She isn"t walking; 7. I"m not drinking; 8. She

Ex. 2 (p. 29) 1. No, he isn"t. He"s watching TV. 2. No, I"m not. I"m learning them by heart.

3. No, he isn"t. He"s reading a newspaper. 4. No, they aren"t. They"re talking with a friend.

5. No, I"m not. I"m going home. 6. No, she isn"t. She"s listening to a concert. 7. No, I"m

not. I"m writing a film script. 8. No, she isn"t. She"s cooking.

Ex. 3 (p. 29) 1. Yes, he is. He is studying. 2. Yes, they are. They are reading. 3. Yes, she

is. She is having breakfast. 4. Yes, they are. They are shopping. 5. Yes, she is. She is

sewing. 6. Yes, she is. She is washing up. 7. Yes, he is. He is skating. 8. Yes, they are.

They are rehearsing.

Ex. 4 (p. 29) 1. He"s teaching the dog to bark. 2. I"m cutting out a dress. 3. I"m running to

catch my bus. 4. I"m buying a mink coat. 5. I"m going to the University. 6. She"s rehearsing

for a concert. 7. They"re listening to a favourite fairy tale. 8. He"s baking an apple pie.

8Ex. 5 (p. 30) 1. Yes, she is. She"s going to the library. 2. No, they aren"t. They"re having

a rest. 3. No, she isn"t. She"s having a nap. 4. Yes, we are. We"re having visitors. 5. No,

she isn"t. She"s staying at home. 6. No, they aren"t. They"re having a holiday. 7. Yes, he

is. He"s going to the concert. 8. Yes, we are. We"re doing up the flat.

Ex. 6 (p. 30) 1. am trying; 2. is raining; 3. are you looking; 4. are making; 5. am looking; 6.

Are you enjoying; 7. are crying; 8. are you wearing; 9. am not going; 10. am not eating.

Ex. 7 (p. 30) 1. are rising/are increasing/are falling; 2. is getting; 3. is getting/is becoming;

4. is changing; 5. is rising/is increasing; 6. is improving; 7. is getting/is becoming.

Ex. 8 (p. 30-31) 1. am training; 2. Are you enjoying; 3. am getting married; 4. am looking

for; 5. Are you doing; 6. is helping.

Ex. 9 (p. 31) 1. Who are you looking at now? - I"m looking at that old lady. 2. Who is your

friend speaking with? - He"s speaking with our teacher. 3. What are you telling your

friends about? - I"m telling them abouL my holidays. 4. Are you writing a dictation now? -

No, we"re doing an exercise 9. 5. Where are you going tonight? - We"re going to the

circus. 6. When are they arriving in Moscow? - They"re arriving in the morning. 7. We"re

going to Minsk. 8. Are these students doing an exercise or copying a text? 9. Who(m) are

these students meeting? - They"re meeting foreign students. 10. Where are you going?

I"m going to a photo exhibition.

Ex. 11 (p. 32) 1. right; 2. wrong - are you talking; 3. wrong - Do you believe; 4. wrong -

is trying; 5. right; 6. wrong - I think; 7. right; 8. wrong - we usually go.

Ex. 12 (p. 32) 1. don"t belong; 2. is coming; want; 3. flows; 4. is flowing; 5. Does it ever

rain; 6. grow, aren"t growing; 7. am learning; is teaching; 8. don"t need; 9. enjoy, am not

enjoying; 10. don"t believe; 11. lives, does your sister live; 12. is staying; 13. is looking

for; 14. does your husband do; isn"t working.

I. 1. is teaching, is substituting, is; 2. am going, is leaving, Is he coming back, don"t know;

3. stays, comes, is staying; 4. meets, meets, are painting, are going; 5. is leaving; is he

taking; is catching; 6. is repairing; 7. Are you writing; write; Do you want; 8. says, is

leaving; 9. am going; 10. is coming; 11. call, are playing, think, play; 12. makes.

II. 1. is, is smoking, think, smokes, is; 2. is, is, is playing; 3. Are you coming, are you

going, are driving, Are you taking, are leaving, Do you mind, bring; 4. Is Mike coming, is

working, is he doing, is reading up, isr-am, isn"t going, says, is meeting, is, has.

Ex. 14 (p. 33-34) 1. is reading; 2. go; 3. are you going, am going; 4. is, catches; 5. has;

10. is splitting; 11. is always reacting; 12.1 am always forgetting; 13. are, are having.Ex. 15 (p. 34) 1. The Sun sets early in this part of the world. 2. Joyce is going to Londofo

tomorrow because her uncle wants to see her.3. Some people like summer best of all,

some like spring and autumn, but others prefer winter. 4. Where is Lizzy? - She is riding.

draws perfectly well. 7. Father usually goes to work by train, but today he is driving.

8. Every year he spends his holidays in the mountains. 9. I am writing to invite you to

come and stay with us in summer. 10. I"m sitting by the window and looking at the sea. A

vessel is sailing away into the evening gold of the horizon.

Ex. 16 (p. 34) 1. When does he usually come home? - He usually comes home at 7

p. m. 2. What train are you taking to St.-Petersburg next week? 3. My friends from

Sheffield are cpming to see me next Sunday. 4. Alex is making a new bookshelf. He

always makes all the furniture for his room himself. 5. She is wearing a hat and a blue

dress today. 6.1 can"t give you the book now because I am reading it. 7. Do you read

a lot? - Yes, I read a lot. - Do you buy books or borrow them from the library? - I

usually borrow 5 books from the Central Library and change them every other month.

8. What are you doing under the table? - I"m looking for the needle. 9. What do you

usually have for breakfast? - I usually have a sandwich and drink a cup of coffee.

10. Where are you running so fast? - I am running to catch the 10 o"clock train. I"m

meeting Nick today, and he doesn"t like it when I am late. 11.1 am leaving for Denmark

Ex. 17 (p. 35) 2. he was meeting the manager; 3. he was having lunch; 4. he was visiting

his dentist; 5. he was listening to an organ concert...; 6. he was walking the dog; 7. he

was driving his mother home.

Ex. 18 (p. 35) 1. Mother was cooking in the kitchen. 2. Father was making a phone call.

3.1 was getting ready to go out. 4. My sister was washing some clothes.

nice poems when he was having a holiday. 3. She learnt the language when she was living

in England. 4. She heard that song when she was listening to a concert on the radio. 5.1

bought that book when I was reading up for my exams. 6. The boy hurt himself when he

was riding the bicycle. 7. Philip lost his camera when he was walking about the city. 8. He

rang me up when I was having supper.

Ex. 20 (p. 36) 1. The postman brought the letter when I was having breakfast. 2. It

started to snow when I was going downstairs. 3. The door bell rang when they were

entering the dining-room.

Ex. 21 (p. 36) 1. fell, was rescuing; 2. was reading, heard; 3. Were you having; 4. were

waiting, arrived; 5. wasn"t driving, saw; 6. broke; was doing, slipped; 7. took, was painting;

8. didn"t go, was getting; 9. were you doing; 10. saw; was wearing.

10Ex. 22 (p. 36-37) 1. was playing, was reading, was sewing, heard; 2. was leaving, caught;

3vcame in, was sitting; 4. was shaving, cut; 5. was; was standing; 6. began; wassmiling,

was walking; 7. was sleeping, rang; 8. were sitting/drove up; 9. was crossing, struck;

10. was drizzling, came; 11. broke, wa£ living; 12. was getting, suggested; 13. came in,

looked, stood, turned, went; 14. was walking, met, asked; 15. came, were eating;

16. ran, went, was standing; 17. raised, looked; was still snowing; 18. were driving,

happened; 19. Did you have; 20. fell, hurt, was riding; 21. went, got; 22. went, sat, was

crackling, was howling; 23. took, put, leaned; 24. put on; 25. was, wanted; 26. was

waiting, coughed/was coughing; 27. drew, looked; were standing; 28. heard, went, opened,

did not recognize, was not wearing; 29. were walking, began; 30. came, was leaving;

3 1. was talking, saw; 32. arrived, went, took off.

Ex. 23 (p. 37-38) 1. opened, looked, stood; 2. realized, were not paying attention, were

muttering, (were) looking, turned, looked, were looking, was coming, led; 3. saw, was

hurrying, made; 4. was looking; 5. did not see, was making; 6. occurred, was backing;

7. dropped, was fishing; 8. heard, were packing.

I. 1.1 sat on the bench for half an hour and then began reading a book. 2.1 graduated

from the University when I was twenty three. 3. When were you here last? - About a year

and a half ago. 4. Gray nodded and went upstairs. 5. I met Helen through my parents

about three years ago. 6. He stopped and picked up a rose. 7.1 visited them a year ago.

8.1 saw him in London a week ago. 9. I did not see him when I was in St.-Petersburg.

10. What happened to you that evening? 11. They returned into the house when it started

11.1. Did you see him this morning? - Yes, he was standing by the car. 2. He came in and

saw Nelly, who was painting a strange picture. 3. He ran to the gate where Ann was

standing. 4.1 glanced at Jennie who was still shivering from cold. 5. We were just talking

about him when he suddenly came in. 6. They came while I was working in the garden.

7. She was laying the table at six o"clock yesterday. 8. What were you playing when I

came in? 9. The water in the kettle was boiling when my friends came back to the camp.

10. Unfortunately, when I arrived Helen was just leaving. 11. He suddenly realized that he

was travelling in the wrong direction. 12.1 was sitting in the garden yesterday when my

brother came and brought a puppy. 13. When I came in, they were sitting in the sittingroom.

My elder brother was doing a crossword, my mother was knitting, the others were

reading. My mother smiled at me and said, "Come in and sit down, please." 14. When she

woke up, the birds were singing merrily in the garden. 15. Who were you talking to on the

telephone when I came in? - I was talking to my sister. 16. When they were crossing the

street, a man came towards them and asked the way to the Palace Square. 17. I was

doing my homework when he came.

Ex. 25 (p. 38) 1. Yesterday, when I was walking down Nevsky Prospect, I met Victor, an

old friend of mine. He recognized me at once though I was wearing big dark glasses

because my eyes were aching. 2. He said, "I was going to see you a fortnight ago, but I

11couldn"t find time to get round to you." All the time he was saying this I was trying to

remember something I wanted to tell him. 3. Eventually I remembered and said to him,

"Just before I came out, Oleg rang me up. He wanted to speak to you at Boris"s party

yesterday, but you were talking so cheerfully with Alice he didn"t dare to interrupt." 4. Just

then I saw another friend of mine. He was waving to me from the other side of the road. I

said good-bye to Victor and started to cross the road.

Ex. 27 (p. 40) 1. will be having; 2. will be playing; 3. will be raining; 4. will be falling; 5. will

Ex. 28 (p. 40) 1. She will be making a dress on Sunday. 2. We shall/will be bathing in the

Black Sea at this time next week. 3. He will be working in the garden when we arrive.

4. He will be studying law at the University for five years. 5. They will be flying to Kiev at

this time tomorrow. 6. She will be singing Russian folk-songs at the concert tonight. 7. He

will be interviewing a foreign delegation at this time the day after tomorrow. 8. She will be

lecturing at the Institute of Foreign Languages next term.

Ex. 29 (p. 40) 1. They"ll be sleeping. 2. We"ll be travelling. 3. We"ll be packing. 4. She"ll

be typing. 5. He"ll be crying. 6. She"ll be grumbling. 7. He"ll be working. 8. She"ll be

keeping to her room.

Ex. 30 (p. 40) 1. get, will be sitting; 2. is; will come; 3. want; shall/will be waiting; 4. will be

boarding; 5. will be having; 6. shall/will be waiting, come; 7. shall/will call; will be sleeping;

8. will be quarrelling.

Ex. 31 (p. 41)1. will know; will be standing; will be wearing; 2."II tell,"II show, won"t smile;

3. won"t be, come, will be having; 4. will be raining, get; 5. will be waiting; 6. will be; 7. "II

be, return, "II be marking; 8. "II be typing; 9. will be, will be sketching; 10. will see, will be

having tea; 11. will be doing; 12. come, "II be crossing.

Ex. 32 (p. 41)1 . We must not be late. They will be worrying. 2. We are going to the

cinema today. You will be sitting next to me. 3. We are to be back at 10 o"clock. Mother

will be waiting for us. 4. Will you have lunch with me on Monday? - I"d love to, but I"m

afraid I"ll be taking my exam then. 5. What will they be doing when we get home? - 1 think

they will be reading. 6. I don"t feel well enough to go to the airport to meet Alice. - I"ll

meet her for you. Tell me how I"ll know her. - She will be wearing a bright green suit. 7.1

wonder what we"ll be doing in a year, if we"ll be seeing one another. 8. My son will be in

the ninth form next year. - That means my mother will be teaching him English. 9. Don"t

tell her about it. She will be crying in a moment. 10. What will you be doing this time next

Friday? - I"ll be gardening as usual.

Ex. 33 (p. 41 -42) 1. was laughing, was going on; 2. are you two talking, Are you discussing;

3. Are you leaving; 4. will you speak; 5. wears, doesn"t see; 6. are you wearing; 7. is

living, is looking; 8. was sitting; 9. saw, was trying; 10. was writing, wrote/was writing;

121 1. were walking, was getting; 12: are leaving, is getting; 13. see; 14. will hear; 15. "II be,

"II be watching; 16. was waiting; 17. was trying; 18. rains, was raining, was raining.

Ex. 34 (p. 42) 1. Are you going; 2. Is Nina writing; 3. Were you waiting; 4. are you

wearing, Are you having; 5. waits, go; 6. are objecting; 7. cannot meet, is coming; 8. Are

you carrying, is; 9. has, is; 10. was, was wearing, was cold; 11. Will you see; 12. rang,

was finishing; 13. entered, was waiting; 14. Is anybody reading, want; 15. is he working;

16. Come, I"ll be waiting.

7 . TH E PERFEC T FORM S

Ex. 1 (p. 43) 1. have never met; 2. has just gone; 3. haven"t seen; 4. have already

posted; 5. has helped; 6. have been; 7. has taken; 8. have never studied; 9. have sold;

Ex. 2 (p. 43-44) 1. Yes, she has done them. 2. Yes, I have cooked it. 3. Yes, she has

learnt it by heart. 4. Yes, I have used it. 5. Yes, he has eaten it. 6. Yes, I have found them.

7. Yes, he has washed it. 8. Yes, I have heard them.

Ex. 3 (p. 44) 1. have stopped; 2. want, have not seen; 3. is, has always been; 4. Have

you read, do you think; 5. have not been, is, have never been; 6. Do you know, have you

known, have known; 7. are, have wanted, have not done; 8. Do you realize, have known,

is, have asked; 9. Do you know, has just left, is, Is, has been, has never bought; 10. have

been; 11. have not seen; 12. has he been, seems; 13. have known, have never seen.

Ex. 4 (p. 44) 1. Father has got a new job in South Africa. 2. He and Mother have left for

exams. 5. I"ve met the man for me.

Ex. 5 (p. 44) 1. He has overslept; 2. We have run out of bread; 3. She has caught a bad

cold; 4. They have switched off their VCR.

Ex. 6 (p. 45) 1. Yes, she has just come from the market. 2. Yes, I"ve just phoned him.

3. No, thanks, I"ve just had a cup.

Ex. 7 (p. 45) 1. been; 2. been; 3. gone; 4. gone.

Ex. 8 (p. 45) 1. I"ve already had a bath. 2. I"ve already bought some. 3. I"ve already asked

him. 4. haven"t invited them yet; going to invite them. 5. he"s already arrived. 6. has not

written to him yet; is going to write to him.

Ex. 9 (p. 45) 1. Have you ever been to Scotland? 2. Have your parents lived here all their

lives? 3. Have you ever heard this concert? 4. How many times have you been married?

5. Has he ever met the President? 6. Have you ever visited the White House?

13Ex. 10 (p. 45) 1. Yes, it"s the fastest car I"ve ever driven. 2. Yes, it"s the warmest coat

I"ve ever had. 3. Yes, they"re the nicest people I"ve ever met.

1. Is this the first time you"ve skated?

Yes, I"ve never skated before.

No, it"s the second time I"ve skated this winter.

2. Is this the first time you"ve played volley-ball?

Yes, I"ve never played volley-ball before.

No, it"s the second time I"ve played volley-ball this year.

3. Is this the first time you"ve ever been to/in London?

Yes, I"ve never been to/in London before.

No, it"s the second time I"ve come to London.

Ex. 12 (p. 46) 1. Have you read any books recently? 2. Have you heard from Tom in the

past few days? 3. Have you bought any new records recently? 4. Have you eaten anything

today? 5. Have you seen any good films recently? 6. Has it snowed here this year

Ex. 13 (p. 46) 1. When did it rain last? - It hasn"t rained for ages. 2. When did they last

visit you? - They haven"t visited us since June. 3. When did you last play tennis? - I

haven"t played tennis for a longtime. 4. When did you last eat coconut? - I have never

eaten coconut. 5. When did you last drive a car? - I haven"t driven for six months.

6. When did you last go to Canada? - I"ve never been to Canada. 7. When did she last

write to you? - She hasn"t written to me since last summer.

Ex. 14 (p. 46-47) 1. They have built a new house. Have you seen it yet? 2. Have you

shown your pictire to your mother? - No, it isn"t ready yet. 3. I have seen this film, and

you? - Yes, I have. It"s an interesting film. 4. Have you been to the London Zoo? - Yes, I

have. 5. Father has just come back from the sea. 6. Take these magazines. I"ve already

read them. 7. Have you ever been to/in Greece? - Yes, I have. It"s a very beautiful

country. 8. We haven"t finished the experiment yet. 9. She has never translated such

difficult articles. 10. I have called him three times today. 11. He has left for New York

today. 12. Have you seen the director today? - No, I haven"t.

Ex. 15 (p. 47) 2. It"s the second time you"ve been late this week. 3. It"s the third time

the car has broken down this month. 4. It"s the fifth cup of coffee I have drunk

Ex. 16 (p. 48) 1. Harry went to Egypt but now he has come back (to Ireland). 2.1 lived in

the centre but now I"ve moved to a new district. 3.1 had long hair but now I"ve cut it. 4.1

met Fran ten years ago and we"ve become great friends. 5. He travelled to the North last

year, and now he has written a book about it. 6. Three years ago they bought a house but

now they"ve sold it.

14Ex. 17 (p. 48) 1. Wrong - was/is; 2. Right; 3. Wrong - invented; 4. Wrong - has bought.

5. Wrong - have broken; 6. Right.

Ex, 18 (p. 49) 1. Have you cut, Did you cut, cut; 2. Have you spoken, I phoned her, did

Ex. 19 (p. 49) 1. They haven"t phoned so far today. 2. How many times did you phone

him yesterday? 3. He has come to see us three times this month. 4. It hasn"t rained so far

this summer. 5. How many shoes have you bought this season?

Ex. 20 (p. 49) 1. worked; 2. have lived; 3. have been; 4. was; 5. has been; 6. never met;

7. has never met.

Ex. 21 (p. 49-50)

I. 1. Have you ever visited; have been; was

2. Have you been; have (been); went

3. Has he spoken; hasn"t (spoken); went, hasn"t arrived

4. Have you seen; have (seen); haven"t seen

5. Have you been; have (been); was

6. Did you go; did; went

7. Have you seen; haven"t seen; was; didn"t see

8. Have you shown; have (shown); showed

II. 1. have just called; 2. didn"t call; 3. have just gone; 4. has already answered;

5. answered; 6. went; 7. read; 8. has sold; 9. sold; 10. haven"t seen; 11. met; 12. Has...

come; 13. Did you wear; insisted; 14. hasn"t smoked; 15. did he arrive, arrived; 16. Have

you shut; 17. read, enjoyed; 18. Have you been, spent, Did you have, stopped; 19. has

stopped; 20. have just mended; 21. left, got; 22. Have you had, had; 23. Did you see;

24. have missed; 25. has just begun; 26. broke; 27. haven"t finished.

III. 1. have you done, did you buy; 2. had, happened; 3,. found; 4. did you teach; 5. have

had, has ruined; 6. spent; 7. have you spoken, spoke; 8. have seen, has arrived, saw,

Have you seen; 9. haven"t shaven; 10. Did you hear, said; 11. was, have picked; 12. was,

Ex. 22 (p. 51)1. saw, are you doing,"m sleeping, have taken; 2. sleeps, is still sleeping;

3. met, have met; 4. go; 5. have been sitting, haven"t dozen; 6. is playing, play; 7. is

taking; 8. wrote, have just written; 9. is talking, has happened; 10. hasn"t eaten, ate; 11. is

still dressing; 12. have read, read; 13. reads, is reading; 14. hasn"t had, had; 15. have

stayed/have been staying, aren"t thinking.

Ex. 23 (p. 51)1 . I"ve lost the needle. I can"t find it anywhere. 2. Did you see the film on

television yesterday? 3. Her parents bought her a car for her 21st birthday. 4. Her hair is

very short now. She has had a new haircut. 5. Last night he arrived home very late. He

had a bath and then he went to bed. 6. Did you visit many museums when you were in

London? 7. The book isn"t on the shelf. Somebody has taken it. 8. When did your father

15give up smoking? 9.1 didn"t have breakfast in the morning because I didn"t feel hungry.

10. Why didn"t you want to play chess yesterday? 11. The car looks very clean. Have you

12. Molly; Hello, James. Is Alan here?

James: No, I"m afraid he"s gone out.

Molly: What a pity. When did he exactly go out?

James: About twenty minutes ago.

Ex. 24 (p. 51) 1. am, have read; 2. have finished, Have a look; 3. Haven"t read;

4. Have you brought, have come; 5. have you been, know, went; 6. Has your grandson

called on, came; 7. gave, haven"t seen; 8. Have you sent for, will come; 9. Have you

known, have known; 10. like, have been; 11. haven"t been, moved, like; 12. Have seen,

has changed; 13. left for, haven"t seen; 14. met, haven"t heard; 15. was, has changed, is

shining; 16. Do you know, have never been; 17. haven"t called on, arrived.

Ex. 25 (p. 52) 1. was raining; 2. have breakfast; 3. Has he built, is still building; 4. are you

walking, am walking, am afraid, always walk; 5. never wears; 6. was watching TV;

7. comes, is, hasn"t come; 8. watch; 9. called on, was reading, finishes, will give/lend;

10. am afraid, have lost, was playing/played, play; 11. hasn"t begun, are talking, begins;

12. played; 13. haven"t played; 14. is, wrote; 15. is, has fallen asleep, went to bed.

Ex. 26 (p. 53) 1. because he had left; 2. because she had seen the film before;

3. because I had forgotten it; 4. because she had passed it before; 5. because he had

spent all the money; 6. because I had lost the key; 7. that he had got married; 8. that it

had returned; 9. that she had been ill for a month.

Ex. 27 (p. 53) 1. had gone; 2. had got; 3. had built; 4. had left.

Ex. 28 (p. 53) 1. He had never seen the sea before. 2. She had never been late before.

3. ... she had never played the guitar before. 4. ... she had never taught at school

Ex. 29 (p. 54) 1. The train had just left. 2. Everybody had already gone out. 3. They had

just come from school. 4. He had arranged to meet some friends at the club. 5.1 hadn"t

seen her for seven years.

Ex. 30 (p. 54) 1. had gone; 2. went; 3. broke; 4. had broken, stopped.

Ex. 31 (p. 54) 1. hadn"t switched off the light; 2. had walked a lot that day; 3. had passed

the exams; 4. had shown me the picture; 5. had gone; 6. had died; 7. had left the room;

8. had married her; 9. had read it again.

Ex. 32 (p. 54-55) 1. The sun had risen before he woke up. 2. He had been very ill before

he died. 3.1 understood the problem as soon as he had explained it. 4. She went to thepost office after she had written the letter. 5. The plane had taken off when I drove to the

airport. 6. She had read the message carefully before she wrote the reply. 7.1 turned on

the radio as soon as he had left the room. 8. He went to the cinema after he had had

dinner. 9. The man didn"t leave till he had received a definite answer. 10. We didn"t say a

word until he had finished his story. 11. When we reached the football ground the game

had already started. 12. John had worked as a skilled builder before he began to study

architecture. 13. Harold couldn"t leave for home till he had completed everything.

14. The snow was very deep after it had snowed heavily.

Ex. 33 (p. 55) 1. had hardly gone, wandered; 2. had hardly reached, encountered;

3. had scarcely taken, appeared; 4. had started, broke; 5. had... left, broke out; 6. no

sooner had they arrived, rang; 7. had the curtains fallen, rose; 8. Hardly had he asked,

answered; 9. had scarcely taken, began; 10. had scarcely settled, fell; 11. had nearly

stopped, reached; 12. had scarcely said, interrupted.

Ex. 34 (p. 55-56)

1.1. ate; 2. wasn"t, had gone; 3. hadn"t played; 4. was, had lived; 5. was, had never seen;

6. had talked; 7. came, had got; 8. returned, had arrived; 9. had gone, got; 10. had

fallen/fell, left; 11. had hardly been, came; 12. promised, had got; 13. had they moved,

came; 14. went, had expected; 15. showed, was, had seen; 16. came, sat, had been;

17. kept, had told; 18. spent, had heard, had never seen; 19. knew, had come;

20. knew, had made.

11. 1. sat, had arrived; 2. was, had never seen; 3. was, had met; 4. was, had been; 5. was,

had gone; 6. came, had... heard; 7. hadn"t eaten, went; 8. retold, had held; 9. had gone,

came; 10. was, had seen; 11. re-read, had written; 12. had left/left, made; 13. had been,

learnt; 14. had already arrived, entered; 15. hadn"t gone, noticed.

Ex. 35 (p. 56) 1. had left, began; 2. hadn"t risen; 3. hadn"t gone; 4. told, had left;

5. had he taken, looked; 6. came, found, looked, had been; 7. had hardly lit, came;

8. had grown, had become; 9. had fallen; 10. had been; 11. had quarrelled, had taken;

12. left, hadn"t gone, remembered, had forgotten; 13. had disappeared/disappeared;

14. had closed, opened.

Ex. 36 (p. 56-57)

1.1. closed, was sitting; 2. arrived, had started; 3. had stopped, was shining; 4. was just

leaving; 5. was watching, were exchanging; 6. reached, had already started; 7. realized,

was travelling; 8. was looking, found; 9. were you doing; 10. hadn"t been, began; 11.

didn"t allow, was blowing; 12. called, had^lready got; 13. heard, went, opened, didn"t

recognize, wasn"t wearing; 14. (had) sealed and stamped, went, drew; 15. saw, were you

using; was using, had hurt; 16. returned, were, had, had; 17. were walking, heard; turned,

held; stopped; 18. arrived, was waiting; was wearing, looked; 19. saw, was painting; 20.

was watering, began; 21. was saying, took; 22. said, were working, wanted.

II. 1. had just finished, was wrapping; 2. reached; 3. had come in, was untying; 4. were

enjoying; 5. was cycling, fell, hurt; 6. had dried, had powdered; 7. was beginning, was

17whistling, were creeping; 8. had moved, was standing; 9. had entered, was rpQvi#g;

10. looked out, had approached, had overspread; 11. hadn"t taken; 12. hadn"t arisen,

were shining/shone.

Ex. 37 (p. 57) 1. Entering, saw, had left; 2. noticed, entered/came in, had left; 3. had

hardly read, declared, didn"t like; 4. had left, went into, turned off/switched off; 5. was

sitting and thinking, hadn"t arrived/come; 6. had stopped, there was; 7. didn"t know, had

left/gone; 8. didn"t remember, couldn"t/didn"t remember, had met; 9. drove, saw;

10. had passed, understood, had; 11. Coming, learnt, had left; 12. came back/returned,

talked about, had seen; 13. had finished, knocked; 14. had been, hadn"t snowed; 15. had

gone, came up/went to, dialled; 16. came back, showed, had done; 17. tried/was trying,

had left; 18. was astonished, had made, had passed, saw; 19. No sooner had he come,

met; 20. returned, had lived; 21. had parted, returned, went/made for; 22. was, had

expected/anticipated; 23. knew, had met; 24. had gone, shut/closed; 25. was daylight,

was still blowing, had stopped.

Ex. 38 (p. 58) 1. "II have translated; 2. will have made; 3. won"t have learnt; 4. won"t have

completed; 5. will have learnt; 6. will have come; 7. will have... gone.

Ex. 39 (p. 58) 1. Oh no, they will have already moved; 2. we"ll have made; 3. they will

have finished writing it; 4. he"ll have already graduated from the Institute; 5. I"ll have

forgotten; 6. he"ll have left; 7. she"ll have received; 8. I"ll have gone.

Ex. 40 (p. 58-59) 1. "II have been, come; 2. is, "II be; 3. are, I"ll go; 4. Will you be angry,

talk; 5. finish, "II have done; 6. am, will have left, Don"t worry, I"ll drive; 7. "II have stopped;

8. think, "II see; 9. don"t take, "II be late, get, will have been over, "II miss.

Ex. 41 (p. 59) 1. I"ll have finished; 2. "II have done, "II go to the park; 3. "II have passed;

4. will have built; 5. I"ll have written, arrives; 6. will have left, come; 7. I"ll have translated.

3. - Will you still be cooking dinner at 12

tomorrow? - I"ll have done the cooking already.

4. - Will you help Granny to look for her glasses

when you come back w? - she"ll have found them already.

5. - Will you see Jerry in Atlanta when I return? - I"m sure, he"ll have already arrived,

6. - Will Keith be at home if I call him up

at 8 o"clock? - he"ll have come already.

7. - Will they be having dinner at 6 o"clock? - they"ll have already had dinner by that

8. - Will you still be repairing the car if I call

for you at 6? - I"ll have repaired it already.

18Ex. 4 3 (p. 59-60) ° V У? J< " v > 9 о i ."? r v ^ ?. . v \ > , « * ,

II. vfall visit; gets; "II be pfaying; doesn"t matter; "II go to see; have finished their talk; will

have been over; will have had a shower; will have been ready; will have done; will be quite

free; arrive, will be having dinner; "II be playing; have stopped; will have made; "II sit and

drink; "II go. II. will have finished, is looking forward to teaching; graduates, "II begin; think,

he"ll become; will like; is working hard, knows, flies, may happen, will have no time;

studied, helped; will be working; "II go, think, he"ll have finished.

8 . TH E PERFEC T CONTINUOU S FORM S

Ex. 1 (p. 61) 1. have been working; 2. Has she been sleeping; 3. have been talking;

4. have just been telling; 5. hasn"t been feeling; 6. have you been lying; 7. have been

trying; 8. haven"t been sleeping; 9. have been seeing; 10. hasn"t been working.

Ex. 2 (p. 61) 1. You have been working too hard lately. 2. Have you been standing in this

cold long? 3. She has been scrubbing the floors for three hours. 4. They have been

singing at the top of their voices since morning.

Ex. 3 (p. 61) 1. Have you been waiting for me long? 2. Have you been fighting again?

3. How long has your foot been hurting you? 4. He has been studying for three hours

already. 5.1 have been learning Spanish since September. 6. Ann has been looking for a

job for six months. 7. My brother has been smoking for ten years. 8. They have been

working in Manchester since the 1st of March. 9. How deep the snow is! How long has it

been snowing? 10. Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 11 . How long have you

been playing chess? 12. How long have you been living in this town?

Ex. 4 (p. 62) 1. Have you been reading; 2. are you doing; 3. has been doing; 4. is

working, has been planting; 5. have been playing; 6. have been thinking; 7. have you been

swimming; 8. are staying; 9. have been stealing; 10. are laying.

Ex. 5 (p. 62) 1. has been ringing; 2. have been reading, am trying; 3. are the children

doing, have been playing, are learning; 4. are leaving, have they been staying; 5. are you

thinking, "m not thinking, "m counting; 6. is talking, has been driving; 7. have you been

doing; 8. have been looking, is waiting.

Ex. 6 (p. 62) 1. is looking at, so he is, have been meeting... lately; 2. are you hurrying,

has been waiting for; 3. Are you reading; 4. is wearing; 5. have been wearing; 6. are you

waiting for; 7. Have you been waiting for him long; 8. are you listening to; 9. has been

teaching; 10. is teaching; 11 . have been developing; 12. am developing; 13. are you

Ex. 7 (p. 63) 1. has changed; 2. have been collecting; have collected; 3. has been

reading; have not finished; 4. have been waiting, has gone out; 5. has happened, has

been ringing, has answered; 6. have come, have been standing, listening; 7. have ar-

19rivedf have just been speaking; 8. have you known, have known; 9. have you turned, V a