Стив Джобс – американский бизнесмен, талантливый руководитель, сооснователь , ее идейный вдохновитель, директор и председатель совета директоров. До 2006 года был директором (СЕО) анимационной студии Pixar (Пиксар), именно Стив Джобс дал ей это название.
Краткая биография
Стив Джобс (полное имя – Стивен Пол Джобс ) родился 24 февраля 1955 года в Сан-Франциско, США, Калифорния. Его биологическая мать – Джоан Шибле . Биологический отец – Абдулфаттах Джандали .
Стивен родился у незарегистрированных в браке студентов. Отец Джоан был против их отношений и пригрозил лишить свою дочь наследства, если она не разорвет их. Именно поэтому будущая мать Стива уехала рожать в Сан-Франциско и отдала сына на усыновление.
Приемные родители
Джоан выставила условия для усыновления: приемные родители Стивена должны были быть обеспеченными и иметь высшее образование. Однако семья Джобсов, которая не могла иметь своих детей, не обладала вторым критерием. Поэтому будущие приемные родители дали письменное обязательство оплатить обучение мальчика в колледже .
Мальчик был усыновлён Полом Джобсом и Кларой Джобс , урождённой Агопян (американка армянского происхождения). Именно они дали ему имя Стивен Пол .
Джобс всегда считал Пола и Клару отцом и матерью, он очень раздражался, если кто-то называл их приёмными родителями:
«Они - мои настоящие родители на 100 %»
Согласно правилам официального усыновления, биологические родители ничего не знали о местонахождении сына, и Стивен Пол встретился с родной матерью и младшей сестрой только через 31 год .
Обучение в школе
Школьные занятия разочаровали Стива своим формализмом. Преподаватели начальной школы Мона-Лома характеризовали его как проказника, и только одна учительница, миссис Хилл , смогла увидеть в своём ученике незаурядные способности и найти к нему подход.
Когда Стив обучался в четвёртом классе, миссис Хилл давала ему за хорошую учёбу «взятки», в виде сладостей, денег и наборов «сделай сам», тем самым стимулируя его обучение.
Это быстро принесло плоды: вскоре Стив Пол начал прилежно учиться без всякого подкрепления, а в конце учебного года настолько блистательно сдал экзамены, что директор предложил перевести его из четвёртого класса сразу в седьмой . В результате по решению родителей Джобс был зачислен в шестой класс, то есть в среднюю школу.
Дальнейшее обучение
Оканчивая школу, Стив Джобс принял решение подать документы в колледж Рид в Портленде, штат Орегон. Обучение в таком престижном колледже, специализирующемся на гуманитарных науках, было безумно дорогим. Но когда-то родители Стивена обещали молодой женщине, родившей их сына, что ребенок получит хорошее образование.
Родители согласились оплатить учебу, однако стремления Стивена приобщиться к студенческой мажорной жизни хватило ровно на семестр. Парень оставил колледж и углубился в поиски своего предназначения . Этот этап жизни Джобса прошел под влиянием свободных идей хиппи и мистических учений Востока.
Рождение Apple
Стивен Пол подружился со своим одноклассником Биллом Фернандесом, который тоже интересовался электроникой. Фернандес познакомил Джобса с увлекавшимся компьютерами выпускником, Стивеном Возняком (“Воз”) , старшим его на пять лет.
Два Стивена – два друга
В 1969 году Воз с Фернандесом начали собирать небольшой компьютер, который они прозвали «крем-содовым» и показали Джобсу. Так Стив Джобс и Стив Возняк стали лучшими друзьями.
“Мы долго сидели с ним на тротуаре перед домом Билла и делились историями - мы рассказывали друг другу про свои розыгрыши и про разработанные нами устройства. Я чувствовал, что у нас много общего. Мне обычно тяжело объяснять людям все тонкости электротехнических устройств, которые я собирал, но Стив хватал все на лету. Мне он сразу понравился. ”
Из воспоминаний Стива Джобса
Apple Computer
Стив вместе с Возом начал работу над платами для компьютеров. Возняк в то время был членом кружка компьютерщиков-любителей «Homebrew Computer Club» . Именно там его посетила мысль о создании собственного компьютера. Для осуществления идеи ему понадобилась лишь одна плата.
Джобс быстро понял, что разработка товарища является лакомым кусочком для покупателей. На свет появилась компания Apple Computer . Apple начинала свое восхождение в гараже у Джобса.
Apple II
Компьютер Apple II стал первым массовым продуктом компании Apple, созданной по инициативе Стива Джобса. Это случилось в конце 1970-х годов. Позже Джобс увидел коммерческий потенциал графического интерфейса, управляемого мышью, что привело к появлению компьютеров Apple Lisa и, год спустя, Macintosh (Mac) .
Уход из Apple – новый виток успеха
Проиграв борьбу за власть с советом директоров в 1985 году , Джобс покинул Apple и основал NeXT - компанию, разрабатывавшую компьютерную платформу для вузов и бизнеса. В 1986 году он приобрёл подразделение компьютерной графики кинокомпании Lucasfilm, превратив его в .
Он оставался CEO Pixar и основным акционером, пока студия не была приобретена в 2006 году, что сделало Стивена Пола крупнейшим частным акционером и членом совета директоров Disney.
«Реанимация» Apple
В 1996 году компания Apple купила NeXT . Это было сделано для использования ОС NeXTSTEP в качестве основы для Mac OS X. В рамках сделки Стив Джобс получил должность советника Apple. К 1997 году Джобс вернул контроль над Apple , возглавив корпорацию.
Стремительное развитие
Под руководством Стива Пола Джобса компания была спасена от банкротства и через год стала приносить прибыль. В течение следующего десятилетия Джобс руководил разработкой iMac , iTunes , iPod , iPhone и iPad , а также развитием Apple Store , iTunes Store , App Store и iBookstore .
Успех этих продуктов и услуг, обеспечивший несколько лет стабильной финансовой прибыли, позволил Apple стать в 2011 году самой дорогой публичной компанией в мире.
Многие называют возрождение Apple одним из величайших свершений в истории бизнеса. В то же время, Джобса критиковали за жесткий стиль управления, агрессивные действия по отношению к конкурентам, стремление к тотальному контролю за продукцией даже после её реализации покупателю.
Заслуги Стива Джобса
Стив Джобс получил общественное признание и ряд наград за оказанное влияние на индустрию технологий и музыки. Его часто называют «визионером» и даже «отцом цифровой революции» . Джобс был блестящим оратором и вывел презентации инновационных продуктов на новый уровень, превратив их в увлекательные шоу. Его легко узнаваемая фигура в чёрной водолазке, потёртых джинсах и кроссовках окружена своеобразным культом.
5 октября 2011 года , после восьми лет борьбы с раком поджелудочной железы, Стив Джобс скончался в Пал-Альто в возрасте 56 лет .
Steve Jobs
CEO, Apple and Pixar animation
I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college , and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to college graduation. Today I want to tell you 3 stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal, just 3 stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots
I dropped out of Reed college after the first six month, but then stayed around as a drop in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates. So everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night, asking: “We’ve got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?” They said “Of course”. My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college, and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign final adoption papers. She only relented a few month later, when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.
And seventeen years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After 6 months I couldn’t see the value in it, I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was, spending all of the money my parents had saved in their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the 5 cents deposits to buy food with. And I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hari Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I’ve stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.
Reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about the serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in the way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in into that symbol course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple type faces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have that wonderful typography that they do. Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forwards when I was at college, but it was very very clear looking backwards 10 years later.
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forwards, you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something: your God, Destiny, Life, Karma, whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even if it leads you off the well-torn path. And that will make all the difference.
My second story is about the love and loss
I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started the Apple in my parent’s garage when I was twenty. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just two of us in a garage into a 2 billion dollar company with over 4 thousand employees. We just released our finest creation – The Macintosh – a year earlier, and I just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from the company you’ve started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented, to run a company with me. And for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. And so, at 30 I was out, and very publicly out. What had been a focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I’d let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I’ve dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I’d been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by a lightness of being a beginner again. Less sure about everything. It’d freed me to one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next 5 years I’ve started a company named Next, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer-animated feature film, “Toy story”, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awfully-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life is going to hit you in the head with a brick - don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going is that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking and don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don’t settle.
My third story is about death
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like “If you live each day as if it was your last, some day you’ll most certainly be right”. It made an impression on me, and since then for the past 33 years, I’ve looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I’m about to do today?“ And whenever the answer’s been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that all will be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make big choices in life. Because almost everything - all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering, that you are going to die, is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn"t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor"s code for “prepare to die”. It means to try and tell your kids everything. You thought you"d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and thankfully I"m fine now.
This was the closest I"ve been to facing death, and I hope it"s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don"t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It‘s Life"s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it’s quite true.
Your time is limited, so don"t waste it living someone else"s life. Don"t be trapped by dogma--which is living with the results of other people"s thinking. Don"t let the noise of other"s opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition - they somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park , and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.
It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Слайд 2
Стивен Пол Джобс (24 февраля 1955 - 5 октября 2011), известный как Стив Джобс - американский предприниматель и изобретатель. Являлся сооснователем, председателем совета директоров и главным управляющим корпорации Apple.
Слайд 3
Биография
Стивен Джобс родился 24 февраля 1955 г. в городке Маунтин-Вью, штат Калифорния. Его детство и юность прошли там же, в приёмной семье Пола и Клары Джобс, которым был отдан на воспитание. В школе, увлекшись электроникой и тяготея к общению со старшими ребятами, Джобс знакомится со Стивом Возняком, своим будущим коллегой по компании Apple. Первая их совместная работа граничила с хулиганством: два Стива смастерили т. н. BlueBox (букв. «Синяя коробка») — устройство, позволявшее совершать бесплатные телефонные звонки на дальние расстояния. Впоследствии, согласно легенде, на основе всё той же схемы они построили первый совместный бизнес. Возняк изготовлял эти устройства во время своей учебы в Беркли, а Джобс, будучи учеником старших классов, занимался их продажей.
Слайд 4
Стив Джобс и Пол Возняк (1976)
Стивен Джобс и Стивен Возняк стали основателями компании «Apple». Занимавшаяся производством компьютеров собственной конструкции, она была основана 1 апреля 1976 года, а зарегистрирована официально в начале 1977 года. Автором большинства разработок был Стивен Возняк, тогда как Джобс выступал маркетологом.
Слайд 5
Стив Джобс и Стив Возняк (1978)
Слайд 6
Apple II
Первым персональным компьютером, который представили Стив Джобс и Стив Возняк, был Apple I по цене 666 долларов 66 центов. В последствии был создан новый компьютер Apple II. Успех компьютеров сделал Apple ключевым игроком рынка персональных компьютеров. В Декабре 1980 г. произошла первая публичная продажа акций компании (IPO), что сделало Стива Джобса мульти-миллионером.
Слайд 7
Компьютеры AppleMacintosh
В начале 1980-х годов Джобс был одним из первых, кто увидел коммерческий потенциал управляемого мышью графического интерфейса пользователя, что привело к созданию Macintosh.
Слайд 8
Джобс передает экземпляр первого Macintosh директору немецкого музея Отто Мейру (1985)
Слайд 9
Pixar Animation Studios
Под руководством Джобса Pixar выпустила такие фильмы, как «История игрушек» и «Корпорация монстров» и др. Первоначально создавалась как разработчик высококачественного графического аппаратного обеспечения.
Слайд 10
Джобс и iMac, самый продаваемый компьютер на рынке (1999)
В 1996 году Apple объявила, что купит NeXT, тем самым вернув Джобса в компанию, которую он основал. В 1997 г. Стив Джобс становится временным исполнительным директором Apple. В 2000 г. из названия должности Джобса исчезло слово «временный»
Слайд 11
Презентация красного iMac в Сан-Франциско (1999)
Слайд 12
Первый iPod (2001)
Невероятно компактный и портативный музыкальный плеер оснащён кнопками, со встроенным FM-радио, шагомером, креплением и множеством других функций.
Слайд 13
Первый iPhone (2007)
iPhone — линейка четырёхдиапазонных мультимедийных смартфонов, разработанная корпорацией Apple. Смартфоны совмещают в себе функциональность плеера iPod, коммуникатора и интернет-планшета.
Слайд 14
Первый iPad (2010)
iPad — интернет-планшет, выпускаемый компанией Apple. Устройство было представлено на презентации в Сан-Франциско Стивом Джобсом 27 января 2010 года.
Слайд 15
24 августа 2011 года Джобс объявил о том, что он покидает пост генерального директора AppleInс., поскольку больше не может "соответствовать своим обязанностям и ожиданиям". 5 октября 2011 года Джобс скончался. Причиной смерти стала остановка дыхания, вызванная злокачественной опухолью поджелудочной железы Похороны Джобса прошли 7 октября, причем их место было оставлено в тайне. Джобс был женат. У него осталось четверо детей.
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Стив Джобс биография на английском
Steven Paul Jobs was born on 24 February 1955 in San Francisco, California, to students Abdul Fattah Jandali and Joanne Carole Schieble who were unmarried at the time and gave him up for adoption. He was taken in by a working class couple, Paul and Clara Jobs, and grew up with them in Mountain View, California.
He attended Homestead High School in Cupertino California and went to Reed College in Portland Oregon in 1972 but dropped out after only one semester, staying on to «drop in» on courses that interested him.
He took a job with video game manufacturer Atari to raise enough money for a trip to India and returned from there a Buddhist.
Back in Cupertino he returned to Atari where his old friend Steve Wozniak was still working. Wozniak was building his own computer and in 1976 Jobs pre-sold 50 of the as-yet unmade computers to a local store and managed to buy the components on credit solely on the strength of the order, enabling them to build the Apple I without any funding at all.
The Apple II followed in 1977 and the company Apple Computer was formed shortly afterwards. The Apple II was credited with starting the personal computer boom, its popularity prompting IBM to hurriedly develop their own PC. By the time production of the Apple II ended in 1993 it had sold over 6 million units.
Inspired by a trip to Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), engineers from Apple began working on a commercial application for the graphical interface ideas they had seen there. The resulting machine, Lisa, was expensive and never achieved any level of commercial success, but in 1984 another Apple computer, using the same WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer) interface concept, was launched. An advert during the 1984 Super Bowl, directed by Ridley Scott introduced the Macintosh computer to the world (in fact, the advert had been shown on a local TV channel in Idaho on 31 December 1983 and in movie theaters during January 1984 before its famous «premiere» on 22 January during the Super Bowl).
In 1985 Jobs was fired from Apple and immediately founded another computer company, NeXT. Its machines were not a commercial success but some of the technology was later used by Apple when Jobs eventually returned there.
In the meantime, in 1986, Jobs bought The Computer Graphics Group from Lucasfilm. The group was responsible for making high-end computer graphics hardware but under its new name, Pixar, it began to produce innovative computer animations. Their first title under the Pixar name, Luxo Jr. (1986) won critical and popular acclaim and in 1991 Pixar signed an agreement with Disney, with whom it already had a relationship, to produce a series of feature films, beginning with «Toy Story» (1995).
In 1996 Apple bought NeXT and Jobs returned to Apple, becoming its CEO. With the help of British-born industrial designer Jonathan Ive, Jobs brought his own aesthetic philosophy back to the ailing company and began to turn its fortunes around with the release of the iMac in 1998. The company’s MP3 player, the iPod, followed in 2001, with the iPhone launching in 2007 and the iPad in 2010. The company’s software music player, iTunes, evolved into an online music (and eventually also movie and software application) store, helping to popularize the idea of «legally» downloading entertainment content.
Jobs is a co-founder of Apple, the man behind the astonishing success of the computer animation firm Pixar - a billionaire regarded as a visionary in the industry. Born to an Egyptian father nd an American mother in Green Bay, Wisconsin, 49 years ago, Steven Paul was adopted soon after his birth by Paul and Clara Jobs, who lived in Mountain View in Santa Clara, California.
After completing high school in California, Jobs went north to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, but dropped out after one term. Back in California, he became a regular at the Homebrew Computer Club, along with another young man, five years his senior, with his own visions of the future - Steve Wozniak.
In 1976, when Jobs was 21, he and Wozniak started their own business, the Apple Computer Company, in Job"s family garage. With a mission to produce affordable personal computers, the pair went to the market with Apple 1 shortly afterwards. A local company ordered 25 of the prototype and the pair were on their way. The almost instant success of Apple 1 and its sister Apple 2 launched them. By the age of 25 Jobs was worth $165m.
Apple was the first landmark in Job"s career but by 1985 he was on his way out after John Sculley, who had joined the company from Pepsi-Cola decided it was time to drop the pilot. Four years later Jobs returned with another computer company, NextStep, which never achieved the success of Apple but reminded people he was far from finished.
What was later hailed as Job"s second coming started with the involvement with Pixar, the animation company he bought from the Star Wars director, George Lucas, and renamed. The hit movie Toy Story instantly established it as one of the key players in Hollywwod, a success only added to with the release of Finding Nemo. Pixar made Jobs a billionairre. His triumph there also reminded people of his ability to predict the technological future. Apple asked him to return. He came back in 1997 and within a year the ailing company was once more making handsome profits.
His latest venture may turn out to be the most influential . Since the emergence of high-speed Internet the music industry has complained that it"s being brought to its knees by the pirates of downloading. The dream of hundreds of companies has been a way to harness the desire for music on the Internet and turn it into profit. Jobs believes that iTunes is the answer. But then Jobs doesn"t believe in underselling his companies. "This will go down in history as the turning point for the music industry," he told Fortune magazine at the launch of iTunes in the US. Journalists who have been following Job"s career have also seen another side of his personality when he has walked out of interviews, irritated at the time of questioning and refusing intrusions into his personal life. He is not known for his patience.
"We can"t have a heroic figure without a fatal flaw, was the assessment of David Plotikoff, writing a profile earlier this year in local paper." Jobs exudes arrogance of a certain blastfurnace intensity that people find hard to overlook. With Jobs it was never enough to say"We"re right on this and they are wrong." No, it was always "We"re right on this and they are idiots." But Plotnikoff added: " There is simply no way the Mac could have been born without that supreme confidence."
If there has been a theme to Job"s success it has been his genius for finding other geniuses and promoting their brilliance.