Решу егэ английский язык грамматика и лексика. Разбираем ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика

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Среднее общее образование

Английский язык

Разбираем ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика»

Анализируем задания части «Грамматика» вместе с учителями английского языка, строим рассуждения и разбираем ответы.

Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна , учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы - 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы - 35 лет.
Подвигина Марина Михайловна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы - 23 года.

Трофимова Елена Анатольевна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы - 15 лет.

Задание 1

Методическая подсказка

Это задание проверяет знание грамматики английского языка. Обратим внимание на те части речи, которые необходимо трансформировать. Важно, что при изменении формы слова часть речи не изменяется! Справа от текста могут быть даны любые из шести частей речи. Это имя существительное, наречие, количественное числительное, личное местоимение и глагол. При выполнении этого задания необходимо учитывать, какие грамматические формы имеют данные части речи. Имя существительное единственного числа принимает форму множественного числа (здесь необходимо, помимо общего правила образования множественного числа существительных, вспомнить все исключения и особенности правописания форм множественного числа существительных). Количественное числительное становится порядковым числительным (обратите внимание на сложные случаи образования и написания некоторых числительных). Имя прилагательное и наречие имеют сравнительную или превосходную степени (здесь также есть некоторые случаи, которые надо помнить). Личное местоимение может превратиться в притяжательное (краткая или полная формы), объектное или возвратное. Что касается глагола, помните, что он может стоять в личной и неличной форме (например, в виде Present Participle или Past Participle). Если глагол должен быть употреблен в личной форме, то надо определить, в каком залоге должен стоять глагол (действительном или страдательном) и в каком грамматическом времени. Для правильного определения грамматического времени, надо, во-первых, определить в каком бытийном (жизненном) времени представлено предложение или ситуация. Для этого мы, смотря на глаголы вокруг пропуска и другие указатели времени, определяем, относится ли повествование к настоящему, прошедшему или будущему. Определив время, мы должны определить временную форму. Для этого мы ищем в предложении слова-подсказки или индикаторы грамматических времен (например, every day, usually - индикаторы Present Simple, since, for, yet - индикаторы Present Perfect. Также часто помогает линия времени, которая наглядно показывает, какая существует последовательность между действиями и событиями.

Кроме того, глагол может являться частью условного предложения (есть четыре, начиная с нулевого, типа условных предложений, в каждом из которых глаголы стоят в определенных формах) или предложения, начинающегося с I wish или If only.

Не забудьте также обратить внимание на те слова, которые стоят непосредственно перед пропуском - не забывайте, что есть ряд глаголов, прилагательных, фраз и конструкций, после которых необходимо употребление инфинитива с частичкой или без частички to или герундия (например, fancy going, want to go, make symbol do smith, There"s" no point in doing smith...).

Приступаем к выполнению задания теста.

19. Around 1350, art, learning, and science started to flourish in some parts of Europe. To many people, this was the beginning of a new golden age. This period was not the _________ golden age in Europe.
20. Greece ________ one 1,900 years before. About 500 years later, Roman civilization had been at its height.
21. Because this new golden age was something like _________ Greek and Roman periods, it is called the Renaissance. The word "renaissance" means "rebirth." Many Greek and Roman values were reborn in the Renaissance.

22. Windsor is a small town not far from London which is about a thousand years old. It became the setting for The Merry ___________ of Windsor,

24. What the town is famous for today is Windsor Castle, the Royal residence. From a plane Windsor Castle with its big round tower looks like a child"s dream of a sand castle. Sadly, in 1992 fire ___________ a large part of the castle buildings.
25. Since then the Castle ________________. It required a lot of money. To pay for it, it was decided to open Buckingham Palace to the public at selected times of the year and to charge visitors a fee.

Рассуждение

Читаем представленные тексты (это может быть и один текст), чтобы иметь общее представление, о чем идет речь. Дальше заполняем пропуски.

Номер 19. Написано количественное числительное one, следовательно, единственной возможной формой является порядковое числительное first . Номер 20 . Представлен глагол. Проводим блиц-анализ: пассив или актив? - актив. Это личная форма, так как у подлежащего Greece нет сказуемого, значит нужна полная форма глагола. Это не условное предложение, так как отсутствуют соответствующие слова if, unless и другие. Определяем бытийное время - прошедшее (Past), так как есть слова 1900 years before, had been. Теперь определяем грамматическое время (tense) - смотрим на время в предыдущем предложении - was not, в предложении с пропуском есть фраза 1900 years before-рисуем линию времени, выставляем точку was not в прошлом, определяем, где - слева или справа будет находиться точка 1900 years before. Она находится справа. Действия идут одно за другим в прошлом, значит глагол будет стоять во времени Past Perfect, показывая, что действие уже произошло и завершилось до глагола was not. Следующее предложение подтверждает правильность нашего выбора - had been at its height тоже до глагола was not. Следовательно, глагол have ставим в форму (Past Perfect - had had ).
Номер 21. Здесь стоит прилагательное early (это именно прилагательное, так как оно является определением к словам Greek and Roman periods), и данное прилагательное надо поставить в сравнительную степень, поскольку период сравнивается только с греческим и римским периодами, а не со всеми периодами истории.
Номер 22. Написано существительное wife в единственном числе. Единственная возможная трансформация - форма множественного числа wives (существительное, заканчивающееся на -f, -fe во множественном числе меняет f на ves).
Номер 23. Дано личное местоимение he. Данное местоимение не является в тексте подлежащим, а является дополнением, соответственно, необходимо использовать объектное местоимение him .
Номер 24. Дан глагол. Используем знакомый алгоритм выполнения задания): актив или пассив? - Актив, ведь подлежащее огонь (fire) может разрушить здание. Это не условное наклонение. У подлежащего нет сказуемого, значит - это глагол в личной форме. Бытийное время прошедшее, здесь указан год - 1992. И этот год также говорит о том, что это Past Simple (действие, совершаемое в определенный момент времени в прошлом). Правильная форма destroyed .
Номер 25. Дан глагол repair. Актив или пассив? - Пассив, замок никого починить не может, отремонтировать можно его. Не условное наклонение, личная форма, потому что оно является сказуемым. В предыдущем и последующем предложениях глаголы стоят в прошедшем времени, однако в самом предложении с пропуском есть since then, что является указателем перфектных времен. Чтобы решить, что использовать -Present Perfect или Past Perfect - мы рисуем линию времени. Ставим точку в прошлом destroyed. Глагол repair в правильной форме будет стоять справа или слева от глагола destroyed? - Справа. Значит мы ставим глагол в Present Perfect - has been repaired .

Таким образом ответы на задания с 19 по 25 выглядят так: 19 - first, 20 - had had, 21 - earlier, 22 - wives, 23 - him, 24 - destroyed, 25 - has been repaired.

Задание 2. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.

Методическая подсказка

В этой части проверяются навыки словообразования. Задание в спецификации формулируется «задания на заполнение пропуска в связном тексте путем образования родственного слова от предложенного опорного слова» при помощи суффиксов и приставок. Залогом успеха при выполнении этого задания являются два фактора-правильное определение части речи, которую необходимо вставить вместо пропуска, и знание словообразующих суффиксов и приставок. Читаем текст, обращая внимание на слова перед пропусками и следующие за ним. Определяем пропущенную часть речи, а также, имеет ли пропущенное слова отрицательную или утвердительную коннотацию.

Australia

26. In 1770, James Cook landed on the east coast of Australia and claimed the land for Great Britain. For many years after that, only a few people came to Australia ___________. It was too far from Europe to attract many outsiders.
27. The first settlers were ______________. They were not asked if they wanted to come.
28. Moving to Australia was part of their ___________________. In time they were joined by more willing settlers who wanted to find adventure and a better life.
29. Like the settlement of the United States, much of Australia’s history deals with the push west. There was, however, one big In their drive westward, the Australians found no rich river valleys or fertile plains. Instead, they found only dry empty land they called the outback.
30. The outback was _________________ any place the early settlers had ever seen. For months there would be no rain at all. Then suddenly the skies would open up. Within hours, rivers overflowed their banks. Yet only a few days later the land would be as dry as ever.
31. Few settlers were willing to risk their life in such a harsh land. Then gold was ___________ there in 1852. Thousands flocked to the outback of Australia to make their fortunes.

Рассуждение

Номер 26 . Only a few people came to Australia как? - наречие, которое определяет глагол came. В последующем предложении идет объяснение, почему это именно так происходило.
Номер 27. The first settlers were ........... В данной ситуации за глаголом were может стоять или прилагательное, уточняющее, какими они были, или существительное, сообщающее, кем были эти поселенцы (если этот выбор верный, то существительное будет стоять во множественном числе исходя из слова settlers во множественном числе и слова were. Последующее предложение не исключает ни одного из этих вариантов, поэтому оставляем пока обе эти опции.
Номер 28. Moving to Australia was part of their....... Мы видим отсутствующую часть фразы с предлогом of, в которой до и после предлога должны стоять существительные, и перед пропуском стоит краткое притяжательное местоимение their, которое определяет существительное. Следовательно, пропущенная часть речи это существительное.
Номер 29. There was, however, one big...... После конструкции There was должно стоять существительное, что подтверждается наличием перед пропуском числительного и имени прилагательного, определяющих ту же часть речи. Следовательно, пропущенное слово существительное единственного числа (индикатор числа слово one).
Номер 30. The outback was .............any place the early settlers had ever seen. После was может стоять или причастие или прилагательное или существительное. Так как существительное уже есть (place), следовательно, пропущенная часть речи -прилагательное.
Номер 31. Then gold was.........there in 1852. Аналогичная ситуация номеру 30. Исходя из смысла всего предложения, предполагаем, что скорее всего это будет past participle, определяющее, что произошло с золотом в 1852 году.

Отметив на полях КИМа, рядом с каждым пропуском определенные нами части речи, мы открываем сами слова справа.

Номер 26 - наречие, значит нужно подставить суффикс -ly, получаем слово willingly . Перечитываем абзац со вставленным словом - смысл сохранен.
Номер 27 - слово prison предполагает, что нам нужно существительное, уточняющее, кем были первые поселенцы. Последующее предложение подтверждает это. Образуем существительное prisoners во множественном числе.
Номер 28 - образуем от слова punish собирательное существительное punishment , которое завершает предложение, делая его логическим дополнением идеи, высказанной в двух предыдущих предложениях.
Номер 29 - образуем от слова differ существительное difference. Перечитываем абзац, образованное существительное идеально вписывается в него, так как в абзаце идет речь о разнице в освоении запада в Соединенных Штатах и Австралии.
Номер 30 - нам предлагают заменить слово like, которое само по себе уже является прилагательным. Следовательно, часть речи уже определена сама собой, мы должны только, сохранив эту часть речи, добавить отрицательную приставку с тем, чтобы образовать новое, подходящее по смыслу, слово - unlike.
Номер 31 - нам дано слово covered, которое уже является причастием. Следовательно, как и в предыдущем случае, нам нужна отрицательная приставка. В случае с covered их может быть две: dis- и un- . Uncovered - приоткрыл, снял покрытие.... Discovered - обнаружил, открыл что-то новое. В данном контексте подходит второе значение. Следовательно, верное слово - discovered .

Ответы: 26 - willingly, 27 - prisoners, 28 - punishment, 29 - difference, 30 - unlike, 31 - discovered.

3. Задание под номерами 32-38, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов - 7 (по 1 баллу за каждый правильный ответ), сформулировано следующим образом:

Методическая подсказка

В третьем задании (32-38) части раздела предлагается связный текст с пропусками и 4 вариантами их заполнения (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Это задание проверяет умение использовать лексику в коммуникативном контексте с учетом специфики:

форм одного слова и слов, близких по написанию и звучанию;
значений одного слова и его синонимов, антонимов, омонимов;
норм лексической сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке и т.д.

Для эффективного выполнения этого задания следует:
1. Просмотреть весь текст с пропусками, постараться понять его содержание
2. Читать внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделять предложению с пропущенным словом
3. Постараться предугадать пропущенное слово, опираясь на контекст, окружающие пропуск слова.
4. Изучить все предложенные варианты ответа, выбрать наиболее подходящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова. Особое внимание следует уделить синонимам (у них могут быть разные оттенки значения, они могут иметь различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также с созвучными словами или словами со сходным написанием (у них могут быть разные значения).
5. Прочитать предложение с пропуском еще раз, убедиться, что выбранное слово является наиболее правильным для заполнения пропуска. Определить, почему остальные слова не подходят.
6. Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа.

Например, дан текст с пропусками:

Growing up with Joey

I enjoy thinking of my childhood. But when I think of my home town where I grew up, all that I 32 __________ to remember is dust. I remember the brown, crumbly dust of late summer that gets into the eyes and makes them water. It is the kind of dust that gets into the throat and between the 33 _________ of bare brown feet. I don"t know why I should remember only the dust. There must have been green lawns and paved streets under leafy shady trees somewhere in town. One day returns to me clearly for some reason. I was resting under the great oak tree in the yard. I was deep in thought which I have now forgotten except that it involved some secret. Joey and a bunch of kids were bored now with the old tire hanging from an oak limb. It had 34 _______ them busy for a while. “Hey, Lizabeth,” Joey yelled. He never talked when he could yell. “He, Lizabeth, let’s go somewhere.” I came back from the thoughts of my private world. “Where at, Joey?” The truth was that we were becoming tired 35 ____ the empty summer days. “Let’s go over to Miss Lottie’s,” said Joey. The idea caught on at once. Annoying Miss Lottie was always fun. I was still child 3 6 ___________ to run along with the group. We went over old fences and through bushes that tore our 3 7 ________ ripped clothes, back to where Miss Lottie lived. I think now that we must have looked partly funny and partly sad. There were six of us, all different ages, dressed in only one thing 38 ________. The girls wore faded dresses that were too long or too short. The boys wore patched pants. A little cloud of dust followed our thin legs and bare feet as we tramped over the dusty ground.

32. 1) seem, 2) think, 3) look, 4) believe

Ответ: 1, так как остальные варианты не подходят по смыслу.

33. 1) fingers, 2) thumbs, 3) toes, 4) pinkies

Ответ : 3 , так как речь идет о ноге, пальцы на ногах - toes.

34. 1) got, 2) preserved, 3) held, 4) kept

Ответ: 4 , сочетаемость слов - keep busy.

35. 1) from, 2) for, 3) of, 4) by

Ответ: 3 , глагол to be tired используется в паре с предлогом of

36. 1) yet, 2) enough, 3) so far, 4) after all

Ответ: 2 , вариант 1 используется в вопросах или отрицательных предложениях, вариант 4 обычно занимает место в конце предложения, вариант 3 сочетается с совершенными временами.

37. 1) before, 2) already, 3) earlier, 4) sooner

Ответ: 2 , так как already употребляется с тем, что ранее произошло и имеет значение на момент речи.

38. 1) everyone, 2) anyone, 3) all, 4) each

Ответ: 4 , по смыслу в предложении подходит значение «каждый» - each.

Экзамен ЕГЭ проверяет:

грамматические навыки базового уровня;
навыки словообразования;
лексический запас.

Как подготовиться к лексико-грамматической части ЕГЭ?

решить как можно больше упражнений по грамматике ;
вспомнить или освоить навык словообразования;
пройти тестовые варианты ЕГЭ и понять, где именно встречаются ошибки, над которыми нужно работать.

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

Для того чтобы понять, в какой форме необходимо использовать глагол be , нужно посмотреть на предложение с пропуском. Так, это предложение написано в прошедшем времени (phoned ). Соответственно, нам нужно поставить глагол be в Past Simple в отрицании. Для местоимения she эта форма - wasn’ t .

Глагол build («строить ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - built, built. В данном предложении важно понять, стена ли кого-то строила или ее строили. Логично, что строили стену. Это значит, что здесь необходимо употребить пассивный залог во времени Past Simple . Таким образом, правильным ответом будет was built , так как пассивный залог (Passive Voice ) - это глагол be в нужной форме (в зависимости от времени) и третья форма смыслового глагола (Participle II/ V 3 ).

Глагол become («становиться ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - became, become. Для того чтобы понять, какую форму этого глагола необходимо использовать в данном предложении, нужно выяснить, нет ли в предложении «сигнальных» слов. Такое слово есть - since , и оно указывает на Present Perfect . Правильным ответом будет форма has become .

Слово nature («природа ») является существительным . После пропуска также стоит существительное - beauty («красота »), то есть на месте пропуска должно стоять некое определение. Роль определения в предложении обычно играет прилагательное, и от слова nature прилагательным будет natural .

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of __________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

visit

Слово visit («посещать ») - это глагол . Посмотрев на слова перед пропуском - the expectations of («ожидания кого-то/чего-то ») - можно понять, что нам необходимо существительное - «ожидания посетителей » (visitors ). На то, что существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , указывает отсутствие неопределенного артикля перед пропуском.

В данном предложении пропущено подлежащее, то есть из существительного science («наука ») необходимо образовать другое существительное, способное исполнить роль этого подлежащего. Более того, новое существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , так как в сказуемое входит глагол be в форме множественного числа - are . Новым существительным будет слово scientists - «ученые ».

строго следуйте инструкции и внимательно читайте задание ;
прежде чем заполнить пропуск, внимательно прочитайте предложение и найдите «сигнальные» слова , которые подскажут вам, в какое время необходимо поставить глагол или какая часть речи требуется;
не оставляйте пропуски незаполненными , даже если вы не знаете правильный ответ;
пишите четко и аккуратно .

Список литературы

Афанасьева О.В., Дули Д., Михеева И.В. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Просвещение, 2012.
Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е., Снежко Н.Д. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2009.
Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2010.
Музланова Е.С. 120 учебно-тренировочных заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ. - АСТ, 2010.

Correctenglish.ru ().
Interactive-english.ru ().
Begin-english.ru ().

Домашнее задание

Test 1 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 6.
Test 6 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 9.
Test 3 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 28.

Задания В4-В10

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4 - В10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4 - В10.

In the morning the colonists took food and weapons and started along the beach toward the south. It was not necessary for one of them to stay behind. Since the arrival of the big box the day before they B4 no difficulty in lighting a fire.
Not very far from the rock house there were some forest trees, and then a high wall of rock B5 straight up to a height of about fifty metres. On the other side of it there was a big lake. "Let"s go and see where the water goes out of the lake," said Jack.
They went round the end of the rock wall. It was a very difficult journey, but at last they came to the side of the lake. The boys tried B6 fish in the lake, but there seemed to be very few.
Jack B7 the way.
They heard the noise of B8 water.
It grew B9 . Suddenly they came to an opening in the trees. In front of them was a river flowing out of the lake almost to the rock wall.
A big hole B10 in the wall, about ten metres above the place where they were standing.

B4. HAVE B5. RISE B6. CATCH B7. LEAD B8. FALL B9. LOUD B10. MAKE

Задания B11-B16

Рекомендуемое время выполнения задания - 10 минут.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11-В16.

The entrance to the Rother Valley Country Park is on the right B11 after you leave the tiny village of Wales.
For the local people this new park is a B12 area of open space, where a lot of leisure activities are provided, including canoeing, rowing, sailing, sail boarding, grass-skiing and riding.
For the motorized passer-by there are walks and picnic B13 .
This area is becoming B14 popular. There is also a visitor centre at Bed Greave Mill, where there is working machinery and a cafe. But don"t expect too much in the way of good scenery.
The area was for long a mess of old coal mines and an B15 railway line.
More recently an ambitious and continuing special programme has converted the former mines to lakes.
The displays in the B16 visitor centre explain how grass and wetland for wildlife are being established.

В11. SHORT В12. SUCCESS В13. POSSIBLE В14. EXTREME В15. USED В16. ATTRACT

Задания А22 - А28

Рекомендуемое время выполнения задания - 20 минут.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 - А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22 - А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

An odd thing has happened when it comes to food. Even though having the best, freshest, most wholesome food possible is one of the most significant considerations of daily life, frequently food does not receive the attention it A22 _______ . Because of vested commercial interests, greed, convenience and apathy, misinformation about food has made far too many people feel A23 _______ about it, believing that anything they can swallow is okay for them. It"s not.
You may be A24 _______ to buy someone"s product through advertising, false claims or promises of value. But much of the food is as worthless as eating crushed bricks. Far more ill health can be traced to what people eat than you might expect. The greatest A25 _______ to your health on this planet is not the increase of nuclear weapons, it is processed foods!
There is more devitalized worthless "food" A26 _______ to people today than real, authentic food that is necessary for our sustenance; and we have the food manufacturers to thank.
We use the term "processed food" so routinely that for many of us it has come to A27 _______ "just another kind of food". Understand what it really means.
Processing is the practice of taking a perfectly good food, one that contains the nutrients necessary to prolong life, stripping it of anything of value and then offering it for sale. Understand that when the word "processed" is used, it A28 _______ to procedures that undermine your health. It is a term that you can easily and accurately interchange with the word "destroyed".

A22
1) draws 2) devotes 3) attracts 4) deserves

A23
1) confident 2) aware 3) familiar 4) accustomed

A24
1) forced 2) convinced 3) required 4) obliged

A25
1) risk 2) warning 3) precaution 4) threat

A26
1) suggested 2) proposed 3) offered 4) meant

A27
1) represent 2) apply 3) refer 4) relate

A28
1) defines 2) refers 3)concerns 4) determines

Тренировочные упражнения для подготовки к ЕГЭ

Грамматика и словообразование

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Образуйте от слов в правой колонке однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически

и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

Mr. Gray travelled a lot on business. He sold matches of various kinds to farmers. It (1)… really a very serious job, but Mr. Gray always (2)… in farming, and he (3)… quite with his life.

He had a big car, and usually enjoyed driving it long distances, but he (4)… quite to go by train sometimes too, especially when the weather was bad. He (5)… a little of driving in rain or snow, and it (6)… less to sit comfortably in a train and look out of the window without (7)… about how one was going to get to the next place.

One of Mr. Gray’s frequent problems was where to stay when he reached some small place in the country. He didn’t expect great comfort and (8)… food, but he found it (9)… when he (10)… a cold room, and there was no hot water or good food after a long and tiring day.

Late one winter evening, Mr. Gray arrived at a small railway station. The journey by train that day (11)… at all, and Mr. Gray was cold, tired and hungry. He (12)… to a simple but (13)… meal by a (14)… burning fire, and then a hot bath and (15)… bed.

While he (16)… to the taxi rank, he said to a local man who was also walking there, “As this is my first visit to this part of the country and I was in too big a hurry (17)… about hotels before I left home, I would very much like to know how many you have here.”

The local man answered, “We have two.” “And which of the two would you advise me to go to?” Mr. Gray then asked. The local man scratched his head for a few moments and then answered, “Well, it’s like this: whichever one you go to, you’ll be sorry you (18)… to the other.”

not/excite

interest

satisfy

frighten

be/tired

be/worry

wonder

annoy

give

not/be/interest

look forward

satisfy

bright

comfort

walk

find

not/go

RESTAURANT GUIDE

The (1)… thing about dining at the beach is that nothing is ordinary. Whether it’s fine cuisine or fast food (2)… to your room, the (3)… for your taste buds is so intense, that everything is (4)… The ordinary have long since gone out of business.

It’s not just because salt air and sunshine do wonders for the appetite, although that helps, it’s because busy restaurants have (5)… food and because (6)… restaurants bring to the table not just food, but the reputation of the (7)… and (8)…

Successful restaurants can also afford to advertise and they understand that they need to help you (9)… what kind of restaurant they are and where they (10)…

This directory of (11)… restaurants will help you cut through the clutter to find the (12)… value for the (13)… cuisine.

Whether it’s chicken and ribs, shrimp or submarine sandwiches delivered to your room or the (14)… seafood, steaks or continental cuisines, the restaurants are the (15)… leaders at the beach. Bon appétit!

one

deliver

compete

ordinary

fresh

success

own

manage

cover

locate

known

good

fine

knowledge

Dear Victor,

Welcome to Virginia Beach, the (1)… city in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the (2)… largest resort city!

During your stay, I hope you (3)… the opportunity to visit a few of the (4)… attractions our City has to offer. From (5)… beautiful beaches to historical sites, we believe you (6)… something of interest and (7)… for your entire family.

The Navy’s master jet base, Oceana Naval Air Station, and the Army’s Fort Story and Camp Pendleton are major assets. In (8)…, your stay will not be complete without a visit to the (9)… expanded Virginia Marine Science Museum, the (10)… popular in the state. The museum offers a huge open-ocean aquarium, as well as (11)… hands-on exhibits and The Family Channel Imax 3-D Theatre. We are also proud to have the new and magnificent Virginia Beach Amphitheatre. This facility will present over 30 concerts every year.

We have many quality restaurants for your (12)… pleasure, as well as excellent (13)…, (14)…, (15)…, and tennis – they all offer a day of (16)… and (17)…

We hope you will have an (18)… stay in Virginia Beach!

Yours John.

large

world

take

interest

find

enjoy

add

new

much

educate

dine

shop

golf

fish

entertain

enjoy

VIRGINIA

Virginia (1)… as the image for the American way of life from the mid-1700’s to the mid-1800’s. It was the (2)…, the (3)…, and the (4)… of the original thirteen (5)… Eight states (6)… from its original territory. Called the “Old Dominion” because it was the oldest of the English colonies, Virginia is also nicknamed “Mother of Presidents” because eight US Presidents were born there, more than from any other state.

The (7)… permanent English settlers (8)… at Jamestown in 1607, thirteen years before the Mayflower reached the continent. Contrary to popular belief, on December 4, 1619, early Virginia settlers observed the first official Thanksgiving in America at Berkeley Plantation. In 1619, the first (9)… body in the New World, the Virginia General Assembly, convened at Jamestown, (10)… the beginning of (11)… government in the Western Hemisphere.

Gradually, discontent grew over the laws (12)… by the English Parliament without consent of the colonists. On August 1, 1774, the First Virginia Convention met in Williamsburg, without official consent from the Royal Governor. On March 23, 1775, at St. John’s Church in Richmond. Patrick Henry made his eloquent plea for freedom: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be (13)… by the chains of slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

Virginia’s George Washington, as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, led the battle for (14)… The struggle (15)… at Yorktown in 1781, when Lord Cornwallis (16)… to Washington in the last battle of the Revolutionary War, and a new nation (17)…

serve

large

more populate

more prosper

colony

form

one

arrive

legislate

mark

represent

pass

purchase

depend

end

surrender

born

VIRGINIA

In 1861, Virginia (1)… from the Union and became a major battleground of the Civil War. Most of the South’s (2)… military leaders were Virginians: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Joseph E. Johnson, and Jeb Stuart. The (3)… Southern victories were won on Virginia soil: First and Second Manassas (Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. More battles (4)… in Virginia than in any other state as Union armies (5)… tried to seize the Confederate capital of Richmond and the supply corridor in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1862, the (6)… battle between ironclad warships, the Monitor and Merrimack, (7)… in Hampton Roads. The Civil War (8)… at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865, when General Lee and General Grant (9)… the terms of surrender. In 1870 Virginia (10)… to the Union and (11)… began.

Virginia’s “(12)… Fathers” helped make our nation what it is today. Thomas Jefferson (13)… The Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights (14)… by George Mason’s First Declaration of Human Rights. James Madison was the (15)… author of the US. Constitution, (16)… him the title “Father of the Constitution.” (17)… George Rogers Clark, William Clark, and Meriwether Lewis opened up the territory west of the Mississippi for future (18)… James Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine guaranteed (19)… of the Americas against Europeans interference. John Marshall, the greatest Chief Justice of the US, established a (20)… Supreme Court and a strong (21)… (22)… Booker T. Washington became a (23)… leader of his race and made great strides in education. In November 1989, Lawrence Douglas Wilder became the nation’s first elected black (24)…

secede

stand

great

fight

repeat

one

occur

end

negotiate

admit

reconstruct

found

write

frame

prime

earn

explore

settle

depend

power

nation

govern

recognize

g overn

VIRGINIA

Virginia may have more history to offer than any other state, but it is also a scenic and (1)… paradise, with thousands of acres set aside statewide for (2)…, state, and national parks, forests, battlefields, and monuments. The (3)… and beautiful scenery along the Blue Ridge Mountains (4)… the entire length of the state. Visitors drive the 105-mile-long Skyline Drive through Shenandoah National Park, then continue on the almost 500-mile-long Blue Ridge Parkway that (5)… at Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina. The (6)… beautiful mountains of Virginia offer spectacular flora and fauna, waterfalls, hiking trails, camping areas, quaint lodging (7)…, great limestone caverns, warm springs, ski resorts, the (8)… and tranquil Shenandoah Valley, the Appalachian Trail, the Shenandoah River, and the mountain crafts and fiddlers of Southwestern Virginia.

Central and Eastern Virginia have as much to offer the (9)…: historic Fredericksburg, the capital city of Richmond, colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown and Yorktown, metropolitan northern Virginia, adjacent to Washington D. C., (10)… homes, theatres and museums, Indian (11)…, James River plantations, the salt marshes of the Eastern Shore. Enjoy the seashore at Virginia Beach, go (12)… and (13)… on the Chesapeake Bay, eat (14)… crab cakes on Tangier Island, relax and reminisce in a small fishing village, and attend the wild pony round-up at Chincoteague and Assateague.

Come and enjoy the uncommon beauty and history of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Walk the streets of the past and reflect on the old ideas that (15)… this country. Virginia is for lovers! Whatever you love is here. Search for it from the mountains to the sea.

recreate

region

peace

stretch

end

strike

facility

charm

tour

president

reserve

fish

sail

taste

form

7 .

CHAIRS

The (1)… of the chairs is reserved for the chairman;

The (2)… is being kept for the next M. D.;

The (3)… is reserved for the Finance Director;

And the (4)… (I hope) is for me!

First plan

When I (5)… on the seven-o-one

With the chaps from the firm, we (6)… great fun.

We scan the old FT (Financial Times)

To check the (7)… interest rates

And how the market fluctuates

And where our funds should be.

And when we’ve filled in 3 Across

And made some jokes about the boss,

To universal glee,

We grab a cab at Charing Cross

And (8)… Potters Quay.

I’m the top fund manager at Pinchbecks –

To be frank, I’m a pretty big cheese;

I’m a whizz with unit trusts, and

I have got some plans for Dockland.

So everything (9)… like a breeze.

Second plan

When I (10)… Chairman, or M. D.,

I (11)… a really hostile bid

For Barclays or the TSB,

And match my rivals quid for quid.

And when they say, “He’s off his tree,”

I’ll do what all those big boys did,

And hit them with a left and right

That no one could foresee …

Actual plan

I thought it was all hunky-dory, (very good)

And I felt a most wonderful glow.

Then they said they were terribly sorry;

They (12)… to let me go.

I (13)… of turning consultant,

Or living in Paris, or Rome;

But at sixty does anyone want me?

I might as well sit here at home.

one

two

three

four

get

late

head

launch

have

think

221b and Sherlock Holmes

“I have it here in my museum” said Sherlock Holmes in the “Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle.”

The (1)… of the Sherlock Holmes Museum to the public on 27 March 1990 was an event which should have happened several decades earlier. 221b Baker Street is, after all, the world’s (2)… address because of its long (3)… with the great detective.

People (4)… to Sherlock Holmes and to his friend Doctor Watson for the last 100 years, but now it is possible to see where and how they (5)… in Victorian times! The famous study which Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson shared for almost 25 years is on (6)… floor overlooking Baker Street, but before (7)… the house, ask yourself which of these (8)… of visitors you would place yourself in:

– You (9)… about Sherlock Holmes and you (10)… one or two films about his exploits (probably the “Hound of the Baskervilles”) yet you know very little about the great detective himself. You are probably visiting out of curiosity.

– You know a great deal about Sherlock Holmes! You’ve read the books, you’ve seen all his films on TV and you are an (11)… of the famous detective. You’d like to visit his rooms to see if they are quite as you imagined

– You are an expert – an absolute authority on Sherlockiana! You can discuss and debate with the best of them, (12)… read and re-read all sixty of the original stories (13)… by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and those written by others you may even (14)… one yourself! You must visit the museum if only to find errors or omissions. You will praise, you will criticize and you will have a lot of fun doing both.

– Whatever category you belong to, you are sure to find a visit to the museum a (15)… experience. Please sign the visitors’ book, take photographs wherever you wish (the maid will be pleased to assist) and when you are ready to leave, you may find yourself (16)… that you could hail a horse-drawn hansom cab to take you home!

open

famous

associate

write

live

one

enter

Скачать:

Предварительный просмотр:

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Данные тесты в формате ЕГЭ для раздела «Грамматика» разработаны на основе коротких рассказов из сборника L.A.Hill “Advanced Stories for Reproduction” (series I) published Oxford University Press, 1965, 68 pages$ ISBN: 0194325431.

Раздел «Грамматика»

As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which __________ that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other __________, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they __________ themselves on the main road.

Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, __________ home from work one evening when he came to a crossroads. It had a "Slow" sign, so he __________ down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.

At once he __________ a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and __________. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, "You didn"t stop at that crossing."

"But the sign there __________ "Stop"," answered Mr. Williams. "It just says "Slow", and I did go slow."

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise __________ over his face. Then he put his notebook and pencil away, scratched his head and said, "Well, I"ll be blowed! I __________ in the wrong street!"

CROSSROAD

DRIVE

SLOW

HEAR

STOP

NOT SAY

COME

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text I

As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other cross roads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.

Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroads. It had a "Slow" sign, so he slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.

At once he heard a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and stopped. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, "You didn"t stop at that crossing."

"But the sign there doesn"t say "Stop"," answered Mr. Williams. "It just says "Slow", and I did go slow."

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face. Then he put his notebook and pencil away, scratched his head and said, "Well, I"ll be blowed! I am in the wrong street!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Before the __________ war, officers in the navy had a lot more freedom when their ship was in port than they have nowadays. They __________ to lead a busy social life, and to take an active part in sport ashore. It was therefore rather difficult for __________ to find time to do all their other duties.

Usually, all the officers in a ship used to have a regular meeting together once a week to receive orders from their captain, make reports and discuss any business that had to __________, such as who should represent the ship in the next football match.

One such meeting __________ on board a ship one day, and after the regular business had been completed, the time __________ to discuss the date of the next meeting. Friday of the next week was suggested, and so was Monday of the week after, but both of them interfered with __________ arrangements for the weekend, and in the end it was generally agreed that the meeting should be held on Wednesday, as this would be the __________ likely day to inter fere with anybody"s convenience, since it was right in the middle of the week.

As the officers __________, however, one of them was heard to say, "Wednesday is the __________ day, because it interferes with two weekends!"

LATE

EXPECT

THEY

DISCUSS

HOLD

COME

SOMEBODY

LITTLE

LEAVE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text II

Before the last war, officers in the navy had a lot more freedom when their ship was in port than they have nowadays. They were expected to lead a busy social life, and to take an active part in sport ashore. It was therefore rather difficult for them to find time to do all their other duties.

Usually, all the officers in a ship used to have a regular meeting together once a week to receive orders from their captain, make reports and discuss any business that had to be discussed, such as who should represent the ship in the next football match.

One such meeting was being held on board a ship one day, and after the regular business had been completed, the time came to discuss the date of the next meeting. Friday of the next week was suggested, and so was Monday of the week after, but both of them interfered with somebody"s arrangements for the weekend, and in the end it was generally agreed that the meeting should be held on Wednesday, as this would be the least likely day to inter fere with anybody"s convenience, since it was right in the middle of the week.

As the officers were leaving, however, one of them was heard to say, "Wednesday is the worst day, because it interferes with two weekends!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mr. and Mrs. Williams had always spent their summer holidays in England in the past, in a small boarding-house at the seaside. One year, however, Mr. Williams __________ a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to Rome and stay at a really good hotel while they went around and __________ the sights of that famous city.

They __________ to Rome, and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in the boarding-houses they __________ in the past, no meals were served after seven o"clock in the evening. They were therefore surprised when the clerk who __________ them in the hall of the hotel asked them whether they __________ dinner there that night.

"________you still ________ dinner then?" asked Mrs. Williams.

"What __________ the times of meals then?" asked Mr. Williams.

"Well, sir," __________ the clerk, "we serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine."

"But that hardly leaves any time for __________ to see the sights of Rome!" said Mrs. Williams in a disappointed voice.

MAKE

USE TO

RECEIVE

TAKE

SERVE

ANSWER

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text III

Mr. and Mrs. Williams had always spent their summer holidays in England in the past, in a small boarding-house at the seaside. One year, however, Mr. Williams made a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to Rome and stay at a really good hotel while they went around and saw the sights of that famous city.

They flew to Rome, and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in the boarding-houses they had been used to in the past, no meals were served after seven o"clock in the evening. They were therefore surprised when the clerk who received them in the hall of the hotel asked them whether they would be taking dinner there that night.

"Are you still serving dinner then?" asked Mrs. Williams.

"Yes, certainly, madam," answered the clerk. "We serve it until half past nine."

"What are the times of meals then?" asked Mr. Williams.

"Well, sir," answered the clerk, "we serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine."

"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights of Rome!" said Mrs Williams in a disappointed voice.

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she __________ to her doctor about it. He could not find anything wrong with her, however, so he __________ her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests direct to Mrs. Black"s doctor, and the next morn ing he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he __________ she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.

Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then __________ beside the telephone while she went out to a ladies" meeting.

When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband __________ for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, "Hullo, dear. I __________ all your shopping for you."

"Well, when I got home, I __________ your shopping list beside the telephone," answered her husband, "so I went down to the shops and bought every thing you __________ down."

Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he __________all the things the doctor __________ her to eat!

SEND

THINK

LEAVE

WAIT

FIND

WRITE

NOT ALLOW

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text IV

Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she went to her doctor about it. He could not find anything wrong with her, however, so he sent her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests direct to Mrs. Black"s doctor, and the next morn ing he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he thought she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.

Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then left beside the telephone while she went out to a ladies" meeting.

When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband waiting for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, "Hullo, dear. I have done all your shopping for you."

"Done all my shopping?" she asked in surprise. "But how did you know what I wanted?"

"Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone," answered her husband, "so I went down to the shops and bought every thing you had written down."

Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he had bought all the things the doctor did not allow her to eat!

Раздел «Грамматика»

Some young soldiers who had recently joined the army __________ in modern ways of fighting, and one of the things they __________ was how an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy and take his weapon away from him. First one of __________ two instructors took a knife away from the other, __________ only his bare hands; and then he took a rifle away from him in the same way.

After the lesson, and before they __________ on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they __________ what they had been shown. One of the questions __________ this: "Well, you now know what an unarmed man can do against a man with a rifle. Imagine that you __________ a bridge at night, and that you have a rifle. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier coming towards you. What will you do?"

The young soldier who __________ answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds before he answered, and then said, "Well, after what I have just seen, I think that the first thing I __________ would be to get rid of my rifle as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy soldier couldn"t take it from me and kill me with it!"

TRAIN

SHOW

THEY

UNDERSTAND

GUARD

HAVE TO

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text V

Some young soldiers who had recently joined the army were being trained in modern ways of fighting, and one of the things they were shown was how an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy and take his weapon away from him. First one of their two instructors took a knife away from the other, using only his bare hands; and then he took a rifle away from him in the same way.

After the lesson, and before they went on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they had understood what they had been shown. One of the questions was this: "Well, you now know what an unarmed man can do against a man with a rifle. Imagine that you are guarding a bridge at night, and that you have a rifle. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier coming towards you. What will you do?"

The young soldier who had to answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds before he answered, and then said, "Well, after what I have just seen, I think that the first thing I would do would be to get rid of my rifle as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy soldier couldn"t take it from me and kill me with it!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

A certain poet __________ a play, and arrangements were being made to perform it. Of course, the poet __________ to give his advice on the scenery, the lighting, and all the other things that help to make a play successful, and he __________ to be a very difficult man to please, as he had his own very definite ideas of how each scene should look.

In one of the scenes in the play, it __________ necessary to produce the effect of a wonderful sunset, which the young lovers watched together before __________ one of their great love songs.

The theatre electricians worked very hard to produce this sunset effect. They tried out all kinds of arrangements and combinations of __________-red lights, orange lights, yellow lights, blue lights, lights from above, lights from behind, lights from the front, lights from the sides-but nothing __________ the poet, until suddenly he __________ exactly the effect that he _________ of producing ever since he had written his play.

That"s what __________the effect you can see now!"

WRITE

PROVE

SING

LIGHT

SATISFY

DREAM

PRODUCE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VI

A certain poet had written a play, and arrangements were being made to perform it. Of course, the poet was asked to give his advice on the scenery, the lighting, and all the other things that help to make a play successful, and he proved to be a very difficult man to please, as he had his own very definite ideas of how each scene should look.

In one of the scenes in the play, it was necessary to produce the effect of a wonderful sunset, which the young lovers watched together before sing ing one of their great love songs.

The theatre electricians worked very hard to produce this sunset effect. They tried out all kinds of arrangements and combinations of lights-red lights, orange lights, yellow lights, blue lights, lights from above, lights from behind, lights from the front, lights from the sides-but nothing satisfied the poet, until suddenly he saw exactly the effect that he had been dreaming of producing ever since he had written his play.

"That"s it!" he shouted excitedly to the electricians behind the stage. "That"s just right! Keep it exactly like that!"

"I"m sorry, sir," answered the chief electrician, "but we can"t keep it like this."

"Why ever not?" asked the poet angrily.

"Because the theatre is on fire, sir," answered the chief electrician." That"s what"s producing the effect you can see now!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mrs.Baker"s sister __________ ill. She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday, but not at the weekend, so every Friday evening Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend with __________ at her home in a neighbour ing town. But as Mr.Baker could not cook, she had arranged for his sister to come over and spend the weekend __________ after him at their home.

This meant that Mr. Baker had quite a busy time when he came home from work on Friday evenings. __________ he had to drive home from the railway station. Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train. And then he __________wait until his sister"s train arrived, so as to take her to his house.

Of course, on Sunday evening he had to drive his sister to the station to catch her train back home, and then wait for his __________ train, so as to bring her home.

One Sunday evening he had seen his sister off on her train and __________ for his wife"s arrival when a porter, who had often seen him at the station, came over and __________ to him.

"You __________ a lot of fun," he said. "But one day one of those __________ is going to catch you with the other, and then you will be in real trouble!"

LOOK

HAVE TO

WIFE

WAIT

SPEAK

HAVE

WOMAN

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VII

Mrs. Baker"s sister was ill. She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday, but not at the weekend, so every Friday evening Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend with her at her home in a neighbour ing town. But as Mr. Baker could not cook, she had arranged for his sister to come over and spend the weekend looking after him at their home.

This meant that Mr. Baker had quite a busy time when he came home from work on Friday evenings. First he had to drive home from the railway station. Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train. And then he had to wait until his sister"s train arrived, so as to take her to his house.

Of course, on Sunday evening he had to drive his sister to the station to catch her train back home, and then wait for his wife"s train, so as to bring her home.

One Sunday evening he had seen his sister off on her train and was wait ing for his wife"s arrival when a porter, who had often seen him at the station, came over and spoke to him.

"You are having a lot of fun," he said. "But one day one of those women is going to catch you with the other, and then you will be in real trouble!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

A young man, who earned his living as a drummer in a band, __________ just __________, and he and his wife __________ for somewhere to live. They saw a lot of places, but there was always something that one of __________ did not like about them. At last, however, they found a block of new __________ which both of them really liked. However, there was still the problem of whether they should take one of the ground-floor flats, which had a small garden, or one of the upstairs ones.

At last they decided on a first-floor flat-not too low down and not too high up-and moved in. After they __________furniture, carpets, curtains, and all the rest, they gave a big party to celebrate the setting up of their __________ home together.

It was a gay and noisy party, as all the __________ friends from the band came and played their instruments. The guests danced, sang and practised on their host"s drums.

Soon after one a.m. the telephone __________. The hostess went to answer it in the hall, and after she had finished, came back with a happy smile on her face and said to her husband, "That was the man who has just moved into the flat downstairs __________, dear. I am so glad we decided not to choose it. He says it __________ terribly noisy down there."

MARRY

LOOK

THEY

FLAT

HOST

RING

TELEPHONE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VIII

A young man, who earned his living as a drummer in a band, had just married, and he and his wife were looking for somewhere to live. They saw a lot of places, but there was always something that one of them did not like about them. At last, however, they found a block of new flats which both of them really liked. However, there was still the problem of whether they should take one of the ground-floor flats, which had a small garden, or one of the upstairs ones.

At last they decided on a first-floor flat-not too low down and not too high up-and moved in. After they had bought furniture, carpets, curtains, and all the rest, they gave a big party to celebrate the setting up of their first home together.

It was a gay and noisy party, as all the host"s friends from the band came and played their instruments. The guests danced, sang and practised on their host"s drums.

Soon after one a.m. the telephone rang. The hostess went to answer it in the hall, and after she had finished, came back with a happy smile on her face and said to her husband, "That was the man who has just moved into the flat downstairs telephoning, dear. I am so glad we decided not to choose it. He says it is terribly noisy down there."

Раздел «Грамматика»

Just after the __________ war, people were very willing to give money to help those who __________ from it. But not everyone who collected money was honest. The newspapers were full of stories of people who __________ by men who went from house to house saying that they __________ for soldiers who had been seriously wounded in the war, or for people who had lost their homes, or for some other noble cause, while all the time they __________ the money they collected into their own pockets instead of __________ it for the purposes they claimed to be collecting it for.

One day Mr. Smith __________ back with another story of this kind. He told his wife that a group of people had collected thousands of dollars for the widow of the Unknown Soldier. Then someone __________ to the papers about it, and they had written articles to warn other people. Mr. Smith said that he and his friends at the office had had a good laugh about the story when they had read it in the newspaper.

"Can you imagine anyone __________ so stupid as to believe that story and give money for the widow of the Unknown Soldier?" he asked his wife.

Government __________ the widow of the Unknown Soldier!"

LATE

SUFFER

CHEAT

COLLECT

COME

WRITE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text IX

Just after the last war, people were very willing to give money to help those who had suffered from it. But not everyone who collected money was honest. The newspapers were full of stories of people who had been cheated by men who went from house to house saying that they were collecting for soldiers who had been seriously wounded in the war, or for people who had lost their homes, or for some other noble cause, while all the time they were putting the money they collected into their own pockets instead of using it for the purposes they claimed to be collecting it for.

One day Mr. Smith came back with another story of this kind. He told his wife that a group of people had collected thousands of dollars for the widow of the Unknown Soldier. Then someone had written to the papers about it, and they had written articles to warn other people. Mr. Smith said that he and his friends at the office had had a good laugh about the story when they had read it in the newspaper.

"Can you imagine anyone being so stupid as to believe that story and give money for the widow of the Unknown Soldier?" he asked his wife.

She looked puzzled at first, but then her face brightened. "Oh, yes! I see now!" she answered. "Of course, the government pays the widow of the Unknown Soldier!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had left _________ Christmas shopping very late. There were only a few days more before Christmas, and of course the shops and streets __________ terribly __________, but they had to get presents for their family and friends, so they started out early one morning for the big city, and spent several tiring hours __________ the things they wanted in the big shops.

By lunch-time, Mr. Davies _________ down with parcels of all shapes and sizes. He could hardly see where he _________as he and his wife left the last shop on their way to the railway station and home. Outside the shop they had to cross a busy street, made even _________ than usual by the thousands of people who had come by car to do their last-minute Christmas shopping.

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had to wait for the traffic lights to change, but as Mr. Davies could not see in front of __________ properly, he gradually moved forward into the road without __________ it. Mrs. Davies saw this and became worried. Several times she urged her husband to come back off the road, but without success. He could not hear her because of the noise of the traffic.

Finally she shouted in a voice that could __________clearly above all the noise, "Henry! If you intend to stand in that dangerous position a moment __________, give me the parcels!"

THEY

CROWD

LOAD

BUSY

REALIZE

HEAR

LONG

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text X

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had left their Christmas shopping very late. There were only a few days more before Christmas, and of course the shops and streets were terribly crowded, but they had to get presents for their family and friends, so they started out early one morning for the big city, and spent several tiring hours buying the things they wanted in the big shops.

By lunch-time, Mr. Davies was loaded down with parcels of all shapes and sizes. He could hardly see where he was going as he and his wife left the last shop on their way to the railway station and home. Outside the shop they had to cross a busy street, made even busier than usual by the thousands of people who had come by car to do their last-minute Christmas shopping.

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had to wait for the traffic lights to change, but as Mr. Davies could not see in front of him properly, he gradually moved forward into the road without realizing it. Mrs. Davies saw this and became worried. Several times she urged her husband to come back off the road, but without success. He could not hear her because of the noise of the traffic.

Finally she shouted in a voice that could be heard clearly above all the noise, "Henry! If you intend to stand in that dangerous position a moment longer, give me the parcels!"